CN115015346A - Preparation method and sensing method of antibiotic combined electrochemical sensor - Google Patents
Preparation method and sensing method of antibiotic combined electrochemical sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN115015346A CN115015346A CN202210192049.6A CN202210192049A CN115015346A CN 115015346 A CN115015346 A CN 115015346A CN 202210192049 A CN202210192049 A CN 202210192049A CN 115015346 A CN115015346 A CN 115015346A
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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Abstract
A preparation method and a sensing method of an antibiotic combined drug electrochemical sensor comprise the following steps: pretreating the screen printing electrode; dripping nitrogen-modified molybdenum carbide dispersion liquid on the pretreated screen printing electrode; preparing a double-template molecularly imprinted polymer on an electrode by an electropolymerization method; mixing and dissolving template molecules and functional monomers in a solution to obtain a pre-polymerization solution; preparing a molecularly imprinted polymer on the surface of the electrode by adopting an electrochemical polymerization method; removing the ceftazidime and the avibactam template molecules to obtain the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor for detecting the ceftazidime and the avibactam. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and has the advantage of easy operation. The molecularly imprinted polymer is fixed on the surface of the sensor as an original element for sensor identification to prepare the double-template molecularly imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor, so that the specific identification capability of the electrochemical sensor on ceftazidime and avibactam is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical sensors, in particular to a preparation method of an antibiotic combined medication electrochemical sensor, a sensing method and application.
Background
Ceftazidime and avibactam are novel beta-lactam antibiotics-beta-lactam enzyme inhibitor mixtures, and can safely and effectively resist infection caused by most gram-negative bacteria and multiple drug resistance. Meanwhile, in order to reduce toxic and side effects of the drug, the pharmacokinetics of the drug needs to be researched and the administration scheme needs to be optimized. Therefore, it is important to establish a method for simultaneously determining ceftazidime and abamectin. However, therapeutic drug monitoring is easily hampered by slow turnaround times, resulting in delayed dosing in conventional clinical practice. Therefore, there is a need to establish a rapid and accurate therapeutic drug monitoring method for determining the concentration of ceftazidime and avibactam in blood.
The electrochemical sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity, simple operation and the like, is widely used for detecting various compounds, has the characteristic of high analysis speed, and can be used for monitoring therapeutic drugs. The measurement of the electrochemical sensor is realized by two principles, one is direct electrochemical oxidation, and a target molecule enters an imprinting cavity to generate a redox signal, so that the electrochemical sensor is suitable for substances with electrochemical activity. However, the electrochemical sensor has poor selectivity and is easily interfered by other compounds in a complex sample, so that the application of the electrochemical sensor is limited. The other is realized by the gate effect of the molecularly imprinted polymer, and the probe molecule enters an imprinted cavity to cause the change of an electric signal. The latter method is independent of the electrochemical activity of the molecule and has wide application range.
The molecular imprinting technology has the characteristics of strong specificity, high selectivity, time saving and the like, and can be used for preparing the molecular imprinting polymer with the specificity recognition on the template molecules. The molecularly imprinted polymer is a novel artificially synthesized polymer material with the capability of identifying an analyte, is called as an artificial antibody, can be used for preparing a molecularly imprinted membrane on the surface of an electrode by an electropolymerization method, and has the characteristics of simple membrane formation, controllable membrane thickness and the like. Currently, a series of ultra-high sensitivity and selectivity electrochemical sensors based on molecular imprinting technology have been developed for the determination of target compounds in complex samples. However, no electrochemical sensor for simultaneously measuring non-electrochemically active abamectin and electrochemically active ceftazidime is reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an electrochemical sensor for antibiotic combination and a sensing method, which overcome the defects of the prior art, and the electrochemical sensor prepared on a screen printing electrode has the advantages of easy operation and low potential cost. And by combining the molecular imprinting technology with the electrochemical sensor technology, the molecular imprinting polymer is fixed on the surface of the sensor as an original part for the sensor to identify, so that the double-template molecular imprinting polymer electrochemical sensor is prepared, and the specific identification capability of the electrochemical sensor on ceftazidime and abamectin is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of an antibiotic drug combination electrochemical sensor comprises the following steps:
step S1: pretreating the screen printing electrode;
step S2: dripping nitrogen-modified molybdenum carbide dispersion liquid on the pretreated screen-printed electrode, and drying under infrared rays to obtain a nitrogen-modified molybdenum carbide modified electrode;
step S3: preparing a double-template molecularly imprinted polymer on an electrode by using ceftazidime and abamectin as template molecules and o-phenylenediamine as a functional monomer through an electropolymerization method;
step S4: mixing and dissolving template molecules and functional monomers in a solution to obtain a pre-polymerization solution;
step S5: inserting a modified electrode of nitrogen modified molybdenum carbide into the prepolymerization solution, and preparing a molecularly imprinted polymer on the surface of the electrode by adopting an electrochemical polymerization method;
step S6: removing the ceftazidime and avibactam template molecules to obtain the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor for detecting the ceftazidime and avibactam.
Preferably, the step S1 of pre-treating the screen printing electrode includes:
step S11: soaking a screen printing electrode in 0.1mol/L NaOH solution;
step S12: the scanning speed is 100mV/s, the potential range is + 0.4- +1.5V, and the cycle scanning is carried out for 50 circles;
step S13: and washing with purified water to obtain the pretreated silk-screen printing electrode.
Preferably, the concentration of the nitrogen-modified molybdenum carbide dispersion in the step S2 is 2mg/mL, the solvent is water, and the volume is 10 μ L.
Preferably, in step S3, the concentration of ceftazidime is 2.5mmol/L, the concentration of avibactam is 2.5mmol/L, and the concentration of o-phenylenediamine is 15 mmol/L.
Preferably, in the solution of step S4, the solvent used is PBS, and the pH is 5.0 to 9.0.
Preferably, in step S5, the electrochemical conditions are: the scanning speed is 50mV/s, the potential range is 0-0.8V, and the cyclic scanning polymerization is carried out for 10-30 circles.
Preferably, the step S6 specifically includes: immersing the electrode obtained in the step S5 in 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, wherein the scanning speed is 100mV/S, and the potential range is-1.0 to + 1.0V; until a stable redox peak appears in a solution consisting of 5mmol/L [ Fe (CN)6] 3-/4-and 0.1mol/L KCl; and obtaining the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor for detecting the ceftazidime and the abamectin.
The invention also discloses a double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor prepared by applying the preparation method of the electrochemical sensor, which is characterized in that: the detection method comprises the following steps:
step S101: placing the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor in [ Fe (CN)6] 3-probe solution, operating square wave voltammetry, recording the maximum oxidation peak current at +0.15V under the scanning condition of-0.3 to +0.9V of start-stop potential;
step S102: placing the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor in a sample solution to be tested containing ceftazidime and abamectin, incubating for 10min, adding a probe solution with the same sample solution volume into the solution to be tested, incubating for 10min again, running a square wave voltammetry according to the parameters in the step S101, and recording maximum oxidation peak currents at +0.15V and + 0.78V;
step S103: calculating the difference value of the peak currents obtained at +0.15V in the step S101 and the step S102, and calculating the total concentration of the ceftazidime and the avibactam in the sample by using the difference value; calculating the peak current at the position of +0.78V, calculating the content of ceftazidime by using the current, and subtracting the content of ceftazidime from the total content to obtain the content of avibactam;
step S104: then the electrode is placed in sodium hydroxide solution, ceftazidime and avibactam molecules in the imprinted membrane are eluted by cyclic voltammetry, and the elution condition is start-stop potential-1.0E
+1.0V, sweep rate 100mV/s, until a stable redox peak appears in the solution consisting of 5mmol/L [ Fe (CN)6] 3-/4-and 0.1mol/L KCl.
The invention provides a preparation method and a sensing method of an antibiotic combined electrochemical sensor. The method has the following beneficial effects: by fabricating the electrochemical sensor on a screen printed electrode, it has the advantage of being easy to operate and potentially low cost. And by combining the molecular imprinting technology with the electrochemical sensor technology, the molecularly imprinted polymer is fixed on the surface of the sensor as an original part for the sensor to identify, so that the double-template molecularly imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor is prepared, and the specific identification capability of the electrochemical sensor on ceftazidime and avibactam is improved. The electrochemical activity ceftazidime and the non-electrochemical activity abamectin are detected simultaneously by one-time measurement on one sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
Example one
The invention discloses a preparation method of an antibiotic combined electrochemical sensor, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: pretreating the screen printing electrode; specifically, a screen printing electrode is soaked in 0.1mol/L NaOH solution; the scanning speed is 100mV/s, the potential range is + 0.4- +1.5V, and the cycle scanning is carried out for 50 circles; washing with purified water to obtain a pretreated screen printing electrode;
step S2: dripping nitrogen-modified molybdenum carbide dispersion liquid on the pretreated screen-printed electrode, and drying under infrared rays to obtain a nitrogen-modified molybdenum carbide modified electrode; wherein the concentration of the nitrogen-modified molybdenum carbide dispersion is 2mg/mL, the solvent is water, and the volume is 10 muL;
step S3: preparing a double-template molecularly imprinted polymer on an electrode by using ceftazidime and abamectin as template molecules and o-phenylenediamine as a functional monomer through an electropolymerization method; wherein the concentration of the ceftazidime is 2.5mmol/L, the concentration of the abamectin is 2.5mmol/L, and the concentration of the o-phenylenediamine is 15 mmol/L;
step S4: mixing and dissolving template molecules and functional monomers in a solution to obtain a prepolymerization solution; the solvent is PBS, and the pH value is 5.0-9.0;
step S5: inserting a modified electrode of nitrogen modified molybdenum carbide into the prepolymerization solution, and preparing a molecularly imprinted polymer on the surface of the electrode by adopting an electrochemical polymerization method; the electrochemical conditions are as follows: the scanning speed is 50mV/s, the potential range is 0-0.8V, and the cyclic scanning polymerization is carried out for 10-30 circles;
step S6: removing the ceftazidime and the avibactam template molecules to obtain the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor for detecting the ceftazidime and the avibactam. The specific method comprises the following steps: immersing the electrode obtained in the step S5 in 0.1mol/L NaOH solution at a scanning speedThe degree is 100mV/s, and the potential range is-1.0- + 1.0V; until the concentration is 5mmol/L [ Fe (CN) 6 ] 3-/4- And 0.1mol/L KCl, a stable redox peak appears; and obtaining the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor for detecting ceftazidime and abamectin.
The molecular imprinting electrochemical sensor is prepared by combining a molecular imprinting technology, a nanotechnology and an electrochemical sensor technology and is used for simultaneously detecting non-electrochemically active abamectin and electrochemically active ceftazidime. On one hand, the electrochemical sensor is prepared on the screen-printed electrode, so that the method has the advantages of easiness in operation and potential low cost. On the other hand, the molecular imprinting technology is combined with the electrochemical sensor technology, the molecular imprinting polymer is fixed on the surface of the sensor as an original part for sensor identification, the double-template molecular imprinting polymer electrochemical sensor is prepared, and the specific identification capability of the electrochemical sensor on ceftazidime and avibactam is improved.
The sensitivity of the sensor is improved by adopting a nano material molybdenum carbide to modify a screen printing electrode; and then taking ceftazidime and abamectin as template molecules, preparing a double-template molecularly imprinted polymer on the screen printing electrode by an electropolymerization method, and eluting the template molecules to form a cavity matched with the molecular structure of the template. During the determination, a probe solution is added, and the current values of the ceftazidime and the probe solution are determined simultaneously. When the solution to be detected is added, the template molecules enter the imprinting cavity, and oxidation reaction of ceftazidime occurs on the surface of the electrode to generate oxidation current. Meanwhile, the template molecules occupy the cavity of the print and block the transfer of electrons, so that the oxidation current value of the probe solution changes. Based on the principle, the simultaneous detection of the non-electrochemically active alvimitan and the electrochemically active ceftazidime is realized in one sensor.
The electrochemical sensor prepared by the invention has the characteristics of high sensitivity, strong selectivity and the like on ceftazidime and avibactam, has the advantages of potential simplicity in operation, short analysis time, low cost and the like, and provides technical support for monitoring non-electrochemically active avibactam and electrochemically active ceftazidime for rapid treatment medicaments.
Example two
In order to realize the simultaneous detection of electrochemically active ceftazidime and electrochemically inactive abamectin on one sensor through one-time measurement, the invention also discloses a detection method of the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor prepared by the preparation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of a standard solution: respectively preparing a group of ceftazidime and abamectin standard solutions with different concentrations including blank standard samples, wherein the solvent is PBS (the pH value is 7.2);
(2) respectively dropwise adding a certain volume of standard solutions with different concentrations to the surface of the prepared ceftazidime and abamectin detection double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor, and incubating for a period of time, wherein the incubation time is 1-20 min;
(3) the same volume of probe solution was then added and equilibrated for 10min, and the dual-template printed electrochemical sensor was placed in [ Fe (CN) 6 ] 3- In the probe solution, operating a square wave voltammetry, scanning the probe solution under the condition that the starting and stopping potential is-0.3 to +0.9V, and recording the maximum oxidation peak current at the +0.15V position;
(4) placing the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor in a sample solution to be tested containing ceftazidime and abamectin, incubating for 10min, adding a probe solution with the same sample solution volume into the solution to be tested, incubating for 10min again, operating a square wave voltammetry according to the parameters in the step S101, and recording maximum oxidation peak currents at +0.15V and + 0.78V;
(3) calculating the difference value of the peak currents obtained at +0.15V in the step S101 and the step S102, and calculating the total concentration of the ceftazidime and the avibactam in the sample by using the difference value; calculating the peak current at the position of +0.78V, calculating the content of ceftazidime by using the current, and subtracting the content of ceftazidime from the total content to obtain the content of abamectin;
(4) then the electrode is placed in sodium hydroxide solution, ceftazidime and abamectin molecules in the imprinted membrane are eluted by a cyclic voltammetry under the conditions of the start-stop potential of-1.0 to +1.0V and the sweepAt a speed of 100mV/s until the concentration is 5mmol/L [ Fe (CN) 6 ] 3-/4- And 0.1mol/L KCl, stable redox peaks appeared in the solution.
In the detection process, the oxidation peak current of the probe solution is reduced along with the gradual increase of the concentration of the abamectin, the good linear relation is formed in the range of 1-1000 mu mol/L, and the detection limit is 0.5 invention mu mol/L. With the gradual increase of the concentration of the ceftazidime, the oxidation peak current of the ceftazidime gradually increases, the oxidation peak current of the probe solution gradually decreases, a good linear relation is formed in the range of 1-1000 mu mol/L, and the detection limit is 15 mu mol/L. Meanwhile, for researching and detecting effects, a standard addition recovery test is carried out in blank plasma, ceftazidime and abamectin with different concentrations are added respectively, and the recovery rate is determined.
Table 1 results of determination of ceftazidime and avibactam concentrations in plasma samples (n ═ 3)
The invention can specifically adsorb corresponding drugs (ceftazidime and abamectin) through the print holes on the double-template print membrane on the surface of the screen printing electrode, thereby further preventing small-molecule electrochemical probe ions [ Fe (CN) 6 ] 3- The compound passes through the blotting membrane and reaches the surface of an electrode to generate electrocatalytic oxidation, so that the oxidation peak current is reduced compared with a signal before the combination of the medicaments, the reduction degree of the signal is positively correlated with the total content of the ceftazidime and the abamectin, and the total amount of the two medicaments can be obtained according to the reduction degree of the signal. In addition, the ceftazidime adsorbed in the imprinting holes can be subjected to electrocatalytic oxidation to generate a special oxidation peak current, so that the content of the ceftazidime can be quantified, and the ceftazidime content obtained by the electrocatalytic oxidation strategy is subtracted from the total amount of the ceftazidime and the ceftazidime obtained by the molecular imprinting-gate effect strategyAnd the content of the abamectin can be obtained.
The molecular imprinting-gate effect is a sensing method for realizing indirect detection of substances by using a molecular imprinting polymer as a sensing interface sensitive material and utilizing steric hindrance change of a sensing interface caused by selective combination of a preset three-dimensional imprinting hole in the imprinting polymer on an imprinting template molecule. The imprinted pores in the polymer serve as the virtual "gates", when the pores of the polymer are not combined with the imprinted molecules, a large number of pores are in an empty state, the mass transfer resistance of the polymer is small, the "gates" are opened, and the electrolyte or probe ions can freely diffuse in the pores. When the holes are blocked by the occupation of the imprinted molecules, the mass transfer resistance inside the polymer increases, the "gate" closes, which hinders the diffusive movement of the electrolyte and probe ions. Therefore, the indirect sensing detection method of the imprinting molecule-target material can be established by utilizing the diffusion limitation of the electrolyte or the probe ion by the 'molecular gate'.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of an antibiotic drug combination electrochemical sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: pretreating the screen printing electrode;
step S2: dripping nitrogen modified molybdenum carbide dispersion liquid on the pretreated screen printing electrode, and drying under infrared rays to obtain a nitrogen modified molybdenum carbide modified electrode;
step S3: preparing a double-template molecularly imprinted polymer on an electrode by using ceftazidime and abamectin as template molecules and o-phenylenediamine as a functional monomer through an electropolymerization method;
step S4: mixing and dissolving template molecules and functional monomers in a solution to obtain a pre-polymerization solution;
step S5: inserting a modified electrode of nitrogen modified molybdenum carbide into the prepolymerization solution, and preparing a molecularly imprinted polymer on the surface of the electrode by adopting an electrochemical polymerization method;
step S6: removing the ceftazidime and the avibactam template molecules to obtain the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor for detecting the ceftazidime and the avibactam.
2. The method for preparing an electrochemical sensor for antibiotic combination according to claim 1, wherein the electrochemical sensor comprises: the step S1 of preprocessing the screen printing electrode includes:
step S11: soaking a screen printing electrode in 0.1mol/L NaOH solution;
step S12: the scanning speed is 100mV/s, the potential range is + 0.4- +1.5V, and the cycle scanning is carried out for 50 circles;
step S13: and washing with purified water to obtain the pretreated silk-screen printing electrode.
3. The method for preparing an electrochemical sensor for antibiotic combination according to claim 1, wherein the electrochemical sensor comprises: the concentration of the nitrogen-modified molybdenum carbide dispersion in step S2 was 2mg/mL, the solvent was water, and the volume was 10. mu.L.
4. The method for preparing an electrochemical sensor for antibiotic combination according to claim 1, wherein the electrochemical sensor comprises: in the step S3, the concentration of ceftazidime is 2.5mmol/L, the concentration of avibactam is 2.5mmol/L, and the concentration of o-phenylenediamine is 15 mmol/L.
5. The method for preparing an electrochemical sensor for antibiotic combination according to claim 1, wherein the electrochemical sensor comprises: in the solution of step S4, the solvent used is PBS, and the pH is 5.0 to 9.0.
6. The method for preparing an electrochemical sensor for antibiotic combination according to claim 1, wherein the electrochemical sensor comprises: in step S5, the electrochemical conditions are: the scanning speed is 50mV/s, the potential range is 0-0.8V, and the cyclic scanning polymerization is carried out for 10-30 circles.
7. The method for preparing an electrochemical sensor for antibiotic combination according to claim 1, wherein the electrochemical sensor comprises: the step S6 specifically includes: immersing the electrode obtained in the step S5 in 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, wherein the scanning speed is 100mV/S, and the potential range is-1.0 to + 1.0V; until the concentration is 5mmol/L [ Fe (CN) 6 ] 3-/4- And 0.1mol/L KCl, stable redox peaks appear in the solution; and obtaining the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor for detecting the ceftazidime and the abamectin.
8. A double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor prepared by the preparation method of the electrochemical sensor of any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized in that: the detection method comprises the following steps:
step S101: placing a double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor in [ Fe (CN) 6 ] 3- In the probe solution, a square wave voltammetry is operated, the scanning condition is that the starting and stopping potential is-0.3 to +0.9V, and the maximum oxidation peak current at +0.15V is recorded;
step S102: placing the double-template imprinting electrochemical sensor in a sample solution to be tested containing ceftazidime and abamectin, incubating for 10min, adding a probe solution with the same sample solution volume into the solution to be tested, incubating for 10min again, operating a square wave voltammetry according to the parameters in the step S101, and recording maximum oxidation peak currents at +0.15V and + 0.78V;
step S103: calculating the difference value of the peak currents obtained at +0.15V in the step S101 and the step S102, and calculating the total concentration of the ceftazidime and the avibactam in the sample by using the difference value; calculating the peak current at the position of +0.78V, calculating the content of ceftazidime by using the current, and subtracting the content of ceftazidime from the total content to obtain the content of abamectin;
step S104: and then placing the electrode in a sodium hydroxide solution, eluting ceftazidime and abamectin molecules in the imprinted membrane by a cyclic voltammetry under the conditions of start-stop potential of-1.0 to +1.0V and sweep speed of 100mV/s until a stable redox peak appears in a solution consisting of 5mmol/L [ Fe (CN)6] 3-/4-and 0.1 mol/LKCl.
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| US20100185071A1 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2010-07-22 | Dexcom, Inc. | Dual electrode system for a continuous analyte sensor |
| CN101397355A (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2009-04-01 | 上海交通大学 | Method for preparing molecular imprinting polymer capable of identifying oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin |
| CN113552199A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-26 | 四川农业大学 | Based on FeS2Molecular imprinting electrochemical sensor of/C/MQDs/GCE modified electrode and preparation method thereof |
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