CN115011380A - System and method for cooling high-temperature reactor waste heat pyrolysis garbage to produce hydrogen by using small-sized villiaumite - Google Patents
System and method for cooling high-temperature reactor waste heat pyrolysis garbage to produce hydrogen by using small-sized villiaumite Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009272 plasma gasification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D9/00—Arrangements to provide heat for purposes other than conversion into power, e.g. for heating buildings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for producing hydrogen by pyrolyzing garbage by cooling waste heat of a high-temperature reactor by using small-sized villiaumite. The nuclear reaction and heat exchange system adopts a fourth generation nuclear reactor represented by a molten salt reactor and FLiNaK-CO 2 The heat exchanger is used for generating a high-temperature gasifying agent meeting the pyrolysis requirement of the garbage; the garbage pyrolysis system adopts a single fluidized bed gasification furnace, so that heat is fully utilized; the carbon dioxide compensation device is connected with a heat exchanger for cooling gas after the pyrolysis reactionPreheating to realize multi-stage temperature utilization; the gas purification system is used for processing the pyrolyzed combustible gas to prepare pure hydrogen; the system and the method realize pyrolysis gasification treatment of garbage by taking nuclear power as a heat source, fractionate and purify hydrogen, have low energy consumption and cost, and do not generate harmful substances in the pyrolysis treatment process; the invention can realize the comprehensive and high-efficiency utilization of high-quality energy, can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases generated by the traditional garbage incineration method, and conforms to the environment-friendly development strategy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of application of new energy and renewable energy, in particular to a system and a method for producing hydrogen by cooling waste heat of a high-temperature reactor by using small villiaumite.
Background
In the face of the world urbanization process becoming faster and faster, the urban garbage flooding has become a big disaster in cities. All countries in the world are not limited to the passive defense tactics of burying and destroying garbage, but actively take powerful measures to scientifically and reasonably comprehensively treat and utilize the garbage. China has abundant garbage resources and has great potential benefits. The urban garbage is comprehensively utilized to create 2500 million yuan benefit because of the approximately 300 million yuan loss (transportation cost, treatment cost and the like) caused by the garbage every year.
At present, municipal solid waste treatment methods in China mainly comprise a sanitary landfill method, a composting method and a direct burning method, wherein the sanitary landfill method and the composting method have the direct defects of soil pollution and large land occupation, the direct burning method is favorable for waste reduction, but highly toxic organic matters such as dioxin and the like can be generated in the burning process, the irreversible damage can be caused to the natural environment in which human beings depend for survival, and certain influence can be brought to the local human life. Aiming at the defects of the above treatment methods, foreign research and development institutions propose a garbage gasification treatment scheme, which is based on the principle that garbage is heated by high-temperature heat energy in a closed room (under the anoxic condition) to break chemical bonds of organic compounds of the garbage, and the organic compounds with large molecular weight are converted into CO and H with small molecular weight 2 、CH 4 And the high-temperature pyrolysis gas can be used for producing liquid fuel or generating power after being purified. The high-temperature pyrolysis process can effectively avoid the generation of toxic substances such as dioxin and the like. The temperature of the high-temperature pyrolysis of the garbage needs to reach 600-1000 DEG CThe plasma gasification garbage treatment technology is developed abroad, and plasma arcs are generated in a closed chamber filled with inert gases such as nitrogen through high-voltage current, so that the conditions of garbage pyrolysis and gasification are achieved by generating a high-temperature environment of 900-1600 ℃, but the plasma gasification technology has the defects of unstable process and expensive plasma power consumption, and is only in a test or small-scale commercial exploration stage at present, and the problem of high energy consumption exists in large-scale commercialization. Because the plasma gasification technology has higher cost and the difference between domestic and foreign municipal domestic garbage components is larger, the foreign plasma gasification technology cannot be simply introduced to realize the commercialization of garbage treatment, and a new energy supply system is needed to be sought.
Nuclear energy has been widely used as a clean energy source. At present, China develops the research of fourth-generation nuclear power technology, such as high-temperature gas cooled reactors, molten salt reactors, lead-cooled fast reactors, sodium-cooled fast reactors and other advanced reactors, and one of the characteristics is that the outlet temperature of the reactor type coolant is high (800-1100 ℃), and before the traditional power generation link, the high-heat-quality energy can be more efficiently applied to industrial production, namely, energy utilization according to quality, so a system and a method need to be designed, and the system and the method can use nuclear energy as a heat source to realize pyrolysis gasification treatment of garbage.
Hydrogen is a clean energy source, but exists in the form of compounds in nature, and the production of hydrogen requires a corresponding method and consumes energy, so that hydrogen is called a secondary energy source. At present, the known methods for preparing hydrogen (such as electrolysis) have large energy consumption, high cost and pollution to the environment, and the development and utilization of secondary energy hydrogen are seriously restricted. The hydrogen is produced by cracking the garbage by utilizing the high-temperature heat source produced by the novel nuclear reactor, and the method has the advantages of low energy consumption, low cost, small environmental pollution and the like. The nuclear energy hydrogen production can provide a new method for garbage disposal and also provide an efficient channel for hydrogen energy development.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for producing hydrogen by pyrolyzing garbage by using waste heat of a small-sized villiaumite-cooled high-temperature reactor. The nuclear energy pyrolytic waste hydrogen production system can realize comprehensive and efficient utilization of high-quality energy and reduce greenhouse gas emission generated by the traditional waste incineration method by providing heat for thermal cracking waste hydrogen production by utilizing nuclear energy, and conforms to an environment-friendly development strategy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydrogen production system by utilizing waste heat of a small-sized villiaumite-cooled high-temperature reactor to pyrolyze garbage comprises a nuclear reaction and heat exchange system, a garbage pyrolysis system, a carbon dioxide compensation system and a gas purification system;
the nuclear reactor and heat exchange system comprises a modular reactor 1, a two-loop molten salt pump 2, a molten salt pool 3, a molten salt pool temperature measuring system 4, a molten salt pool temperature monitoring system 5 and a FLiNaK-CO 2 An outlet of a modular reactor 1 of the heat exchanger 6 is connected with an inlet of a molten salt pool 3, an outlet of the molten salt pool 3 is connected with an inlet of a two-loop molten salt pump 2, and an outlet of the two-loop molten salt pump 2 is connected with an inlet of the modular reactor 1; molten salt pool temperature measuring system 4 and FLiNaK-CO 2 A heat exchanger 6 is arranged in the molten salt pool 3, a molten salt pool temperature monitoring system 5 is arranged outside the molten salt pool 3 and is connected with a molten salt pool temperature measuring system 4, and the FLiNaK-CO 2 The outlet of the cold side of the heat exchanger 6 is connected with the inlet of a blower 7 of the garbage pyrolysis system, and FLiNaK-CO 2 The cold side inlet of the heat exchanger 6 is connected with the cold side outlet of a heat exchanger 12 of the carbon dioxide compensation system;
the garbage pyrolysis system comprises an air blower 7, a gasification furnace 8, a garbage bin 9, an air lock 10 and a spiral conveyer 11; the outlet of the air blower 7 is connected with the inlet of the gasification furnace 8, the inlet of the garbage bin 9 is connected with the inlet of the air lock 10, the outlet of the air lock 10 is connected with the inlet of the screw conveyer 11, the outlet of the screw conveyer 11 is connected with the inlet of the gasification furnace 8, and the outlet of the gasification furnace 8 is connected with the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger 12 of the carbon dioxide compensation system;
the carbon dioxide compensation system comprises a heat exchanger 12 and a carbon dioxide storage tank 13; the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected with the outlet of the gasification furnace 8, the outlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected with the gas purification systemThe cold side inlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected with the carbon dioxide storage tank 13, and the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected with the FLiNaK-CO 2 The cold side inlet of the heat exchanger 6 is connected;
the gas purification system comprises an induced draft mechanism 14, a dust removal system 15, a gas analyzer 16 and a gas fractionation purification system 17 which are connected in sequence.
In FLiNaK-CO 2 CO in the heat exchanger 6 and the gasification furnace 8 2 Meanwhile, the heat exchange medium and the gasifying agent are used, so that the energy loss of heat exchange is reduced; the gasification furnace 8 is not directly arranged in the molten salt pool 3, so that the diffusion of radiation substances caused by the leakage of the radiation substances is avoided.
In the nuclear reaction and heat exchange system, the outlet temperature of the modularized nuclear reactor 1 is 690-750 ℃, and FLiNaK-CO is adopted 2 The heat exchanger 6 leads out the heat of the molten salt pool to generate CO at 700-800 DEG C 2 A gasifying agent.
The rotational speed of the screw conveyor 11 is controlled by the waste bin 9: a lithium chloride hygrometer is arranged in the garbage bin 9 and close to the air lock 10 to detect the humidity, and when the humidity rises, the rotating speed of the spiral conveyor 11 is reduced; when the humidity decreases, the rotation speed of the screw conveyor 11 is increased.
The actual power of the reactor is determined according to the optimal economic power of the modular reactor 1, the carbon dioxide flow rate of the carbon dioxide storage tank 13 is determined according to the thermodynamic relation, the rotating speed of the screw conveyor 11 is controlled according to the real-time humidity of the garbage bin 9, the flow rate of the garbage is further controlled, and the temperature in the gasification furnace 8 is guaranteed to be maintained at 700-800 ℃.
The FLiNaK-CO 2 The heat exchanger 6 is a printed circuit board heat exchanger.
The gasification furnace 8 adopts a single fluidized bed gasification furnace.
The working method of the system for producing hydrogen by pyrolyzing garbage by cooling waste heat of the high-temperature reactor by using small-sized villiaumite,
the nuclear reaction and heat exchange system work flow is as follows: the modular reactor 1 is used as a heat source of a nuclear reaction and heat exchange system, low-temperature molten salt in the molten salt pool 3 is pressurized by the two-loop molten salt pump 2, enters the modular reactor 1 for heating and warming, flows into the molten salt pool 3 for storing heat and heatingFLiNaK-CO 2 CO at the cold side of the heat exchanger 6 2 The molten salt pool temperature measuring system 4 is positioned in the molten salt pool 3 to measure the temperature of the molten salt pool in real time, the molten salt pool temperature monitoring system 5 is connected with the molten salt pool temperature measuring system 4 and feeds the temperature back to the blower 7 to control CO 2 The flow is stable, and the reaction in the gasification furnace is ensured to be carried out stably;
the working process of the garbage pyrolysis system is as follows: the garbage bin 9 stores garbage to be pyrolyzed and is connected with the gasification furnace 8 through the air lock 10 and the screw conveyer 11, the air lock 10 isolates combustible gas in the gasification furnace 8 to prevent leakage, the lithium chloride hygrometer detects humidity and controls the rotating speed of the screw conveyer 11 so as to control the flow rate of the garbage;
the carbon dioxide compensation system has the following working procedures: the carbon dioxide storage tank 13 provides a steady flow rate of carbon dioxide, which enters the heat exchanger 12 and then the FLiNaK-CO 2 The heat exchanger 6 fully utilizes the waste heat of the reacted mixed gas;
the working process of the gas purification system is as follows: the mixed gas flowing out of the gasification furnace 8 firstly enters the heat exchanger 12, the mixed gas is discharged from the heat exchanger 12 through the air inducing mechanism 14, the mixed gas passes through the dust removing system 15 to remove incompletely combusted black smoke, and the mixed gas passes through the gas analyzer 16 to analyze the generated gas components, so that the subsequent fractionation and purification are facilitated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention utilizes the high-temperature heat source produced by the novel nuclear reactor to crack the garbage to produce hydrogen, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, low cost, small environmental pollution and the like. The nuclear energy hydrogen production can provide a new method for garbage disposal and also provide an efficient channel for hydrogen energy development.
2. The carbon dioxide compensation device exchanges heat between carbon dioxide and gas after pyrolysis reaction, preheats the carbon dioxide gas, and realizes multi-stage temperature utilization.
3. The invention adopts high-temperature CO 2 Directly blowing into a single fluidized bed gasification furnace, under the action of the blown gasifying agent, the material particles are fully contacted with the gasifying agent, are uniformly heated and are in a boiling combustion state in the furnace, the gasification reaction speed is high, and combustible gas is obtainedThe rate is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal design of the gasification furnace.
In the figure: 1-a modular reactor; 2-a second loop molten salt pump; 3-molten salt pond; 4-molten salt pool temperature measuring system; 5-molten salt pool temperature monitoring system; 6-FLiNaK-CO 2 A heat exchanger; 7-a blower; 8-gasifying the furnace; 9-a garbage bin; 10-air lock; 11-a screw conveyor; 12-a heat exchanger; 13-a carbon dioxide storage tank; 14-an air inducing mechanism; 15-a dust removal system; 16-a gas analyzer; 17-gas fractionation purification system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor waste heat pyrolysis garbage hydrogen production system comprises a nuclear reactor, a heat exchange system, a garbage pyrolysis system, a gas purification system and a carbon dioxide compensation system.
The nuclear reactor and heat exchange system comprises a modular reactor 1, a two-loop molten salt pump 2, a molten salt pool 3, a molten salt pool temperature measuring system 4, a molten salt pool temperature monitoring system 5, and a FLiNaK-CO 2 A heat exchanger 6. An outlet of the modular reactor 1 is connected with an inlet of a molten salt pool 3, an outlet of the molten salt pool 3 is connected with an inlet of a two-loop molten salt pump 2, and an outlet of the two-loop molten salt pump 2 is connected with an inlet of the modular reactor 1; molten salt pool temperature measuring system 4 and FLiNaK-CO 2 A heat exchanger 6 is arranged in the molten salt pool 3, a molten salt pool temperature monitoring system 5 is arranged outside the molten salt pool 3 and is connected with a molten salt pool temperature measuring system 4, and the FLiNaK-CO 2 The outlet of the cold side of the heat exchanger 6 is connected with the inlet of a blower 7 of the garbage pyrolysis system, and FLiNaK-CO 2 The cold side inlet of the heat exchanger 6 is connected with the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 12 of the carbon dioxide compensation system.
The garbage pyrolysis system comprises an air blower 7, a gasification furnace 8, a garbage bin 9, an air lock 10 and a spiral conveyor 11. The outlet of the air blower 7 is connected with the inlet of the gasification furnace 8, the inlet of the garbage bin 9 is connected with the inlet of the air lock 10, the outlet of the air lock 10 is connected with the inlet of the screw conveyer 11, the outlet of the screw conveyer 11 is connected with the inlet of the gasification furnace 8, and the outlet of the gasification furnace 8 is connected with the inlet of the hot side of the heat exchanger 12 of the carbon dioxide compensation system.
The carbon dioxide compensation system comprises a heat exchanger 12 and a carbon dioxide storage tank 13. The hot side inlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected with the outlet of the gasification furnace 8, the outlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected with the gas purification system, the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected with the carbon dioxide storage tank 13, and the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 12 is connected with the FLiNaK-CO 2 The cold side inlet of the heat exchanger 6 is connected.
The gas purification system comprises an induced draft system mechanism 14, a dust removal system 15, a gas analyzer 16 and a gas fractionation and purification system 17. An inlet of the induced draft system mechanism 14 is connected with an outlet of the hot side of the heat exchanger 12, an outlet of the induced draft system mechanism 14 is connected with an inlet of the dust removal system 15, an outlet of the dust removal system 15 is connected with a gas analyzer 16, and an outlet of the gas analyzer 16 is connected with a gas fractionation and purification system 17.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, FLiNaK-CO 2 The heat exchanger 6 is a printed circuit plate heat exchanger, and can effectively lead out the heat of a nuclear reactor primary circuit.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, CO is selected 2 As a circulating working medium and a gasifying agent, the biomass pyrolysis gasification agent can effectively lead out heat generated by nuclear reaction, is an excellent biomass pyrolysis gasification agent, and directly reacts with biomass at high temperature to convert the biomass pyrolysis gasification agent into hydrogen-rich fuel gas.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the molten salt pool temperature measuring system 5 measures the temperatures of different depths in the molten salt pool 3, and the molten salt pool temperature monitoring system 4 monitors the temperature measured by the molten salt pool temperature measuring system 5, so that the temperature of the gasifying agent is ensured, and the garbage is fully reacted.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 2, a single fluidized bed gasification furnace is selected as the gasification furnace 8, and the design of gas downward entering and upward exiting enables the garbage to fully react, thereby ensuring the full utilization of heat and achieving the purpose of saving energy.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger 12 is connected with the gasification furnace 8 and the gas purification system at the hot side, and is connected with the carbon dioxide storage tank and the FLiNaK-CO at the cold side 2 Heat exchangerAnd 6, the carbon dioxide is connected with a heat exchanger for cooling the gas after the pyrolysis reaction for preheating, so that the multi-stage temperature utilization is realized.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an utilize small-size villiaumite cooling high temperature to pile waste heat pyrolysis rubbish hydrogen manufacturing system which characterized in that: the system comprises a nuclear reaction and heat exchange system, a garbage pyrolysis system, a carbon dioxide compensation system and a gas purification system;
the nuclear reactor and heat exchange system comprises a modular reactor (1), a two-loop molten salt pump (2), a molten salt pool (3), a molten salt pool temperature measuring system (4), a molten salt pool temperature monitoring system (5) and a FLiNaK-CO2 heat exchanger (6), wherein an outlet of the modular reactor (1) is connected with an inlet of the molten salt pool (3), an outlet of the molten salt pool (3) is connected with an inlet of the two-loop molten salt pump (2), and an outlet of the two-loop molten salt pump (2) is connected with an inlet of the modular reactor (1); the molten salt pool temperature measuring system (4) and the FLiNaK-CO2 heat exchanger (6) are positioned in the molten salt pool (3), the molten salt pool temperature monitoring system (5) is positioned outside the molten salt pool (3) and is connected with the molten salt pool temperature measuring system (4), and the FLiNaK-CO 2 The outlet of the cold side of the heat exchanger (6) is connected with the inlet of a blower (7) of the garbage pyrolysis system, and FLiNaK-CO 2 The cold side inlet of the heat exchanger (6) is connected with the cold side outlet of a heat exchanger (12) of the carbon dioxide compensation system;
the garbage pyrolysis system comprises an air blower (7), a gasification furnace (8), a garbage bin (9), an air lock (10) and a spiral conveyer (11); an outlet of the air blower (7) is connected with an inlet of the gasification furnace (8), a garbage bin (9) is connected with an inlet of the air lock (10), an outlet of the air lock (10) is connected with an inlet of the screw conveyor (11), an outlet of the screw conveyor (11) is connected with an inlet of the gasification furnace (8), and an outlet of the gasification furnace (8) is connected with a hot side inlet of a heat exchanger (12) of the carbon dioxide compensation system;
the carbon dioxide compensation system comprises a heat exchanger (12) and a carbon dioxide storage tank (13); the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger (12) is connected with the outlet of the gasification furnace (8), the outlet of the heat exchanger (12) is connected with the gas purification system, the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger (12) is connected with the carbon dioxide storage tank (13), and the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger (12) is connected with the FLiNaK-CO 2 The cold side inlet of the heat exchanger (6) is connected;
the gas purification system comprises an induced draft mechanism (14), a dust removal system (15), a gas analyzer (16) and a gas fractionation and purification system (17) which are connected in sequence.
2. The system for producing hydrogen by cooling waste heat of the high-temperature reactor through small villiaumite according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in FLiNaK-CO 2 CO in the heat exchanger (6) and the gasification furnace (8) 2 Meanwhile, the heat exchange medium is used as a heat exchange working medium and a gasification agent, so that the energy loss of heat exchange is reduced; the gasification furnace (8) is not directly arranged in the molten salt pool (3), so that the diffusion of radiation substances caused by the leakage of the radiation substances is avoided.
3. The system for producing hydrogen by cooling waste heat of the high-temperature reactor through small villiaumite according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the nuclear reaction and heat exchange system, the outlet temperature of the modularized nuclear reactor (1) is 690-750 ℃, and FLiNaK-CO is adopted 2 The heat exchanger (6) leads out the heat of the molten salt pool to generate CO at 700-800 DEG C 2 A gasifying agent.
4. The system for preparing the pyrolytic waste by using the waste heat of the small-sized villiaumite cooled high-temperature reactor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the rotation speed of the screw conveyor (11) is controlled by the garbage bin (9): a lithium chloride hygrometer is arranged in the garbage bin (9) close to the air lock (10) to detect the humidity, and when the humidity is increased, the rotating speed of the spiral conveyor (11) is reduced; when the humidity decreases, the rotational speed of the screw conveyor (11) is increased.
5. The system for producing hydrogen by cooling waste heat of the high-temperature reactor through small villiaumite according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the actual power of the reactor is determined according to the optimal economic power of the modular reactor (1), the carbon dioxide flow rate of the carbon dioxide storage tank (13) is determined according to the thermodynamic relation, the rotating speed of the screw conveyor (11) is controlled according to the real-time humidity of the garbage bin (9) so as to control the flow rate of the garbage, and the temperature in the gasification furnace (8) is ensured to be maintained at 700-800 ℃.
6. Root of herbaceous plantsThe system for producing hydrogen by pyrolyzing garbage by using waste heat of small-sized villiaumite cooled high-temperature reactor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the FLiNaK-CO 2 The heat exchanger (6) is a printed circuit board type heat exchanger.
7. The system for producing hydrogen by cooling waste heat of the high-temperature reactor through small villiaumite according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the gasification furnace (8) adopts a single fluidized bed gasification furnace.
8. The working method of the system for producing hydrogen by pyrolyzing waste and pyrolyzing waste by using small villiaumite cooled high-temperature reactor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized in that:
the working process of the nuclear reaction and heat exchange system is as follows: the modularized reactor (1) is used as a heat source of a nuclear reaction and heat exchange system, low-temperature molten salt in the molten salt pool (3) is pressurized by the two-loop molten salt pump (2), enters the modularized reactor (1) to be heated and heated, flows into the molten salt pool (3) to store heat and heat FLiNaK-CO 2 CO at cold side of heat exchanger (6) 2 The molten salt pool temperature measuring system (4) is positioned in the molten salt pool (3) to measure the temperature of the molten salt pool in real time, the molten salt pool temperature monitoring system (5) is connected with the molten salt pool temperature measuring system (4) to feed the temperature back to the blower (7), so that the flow of CO2 is controlled to be stable, and the reaction in the gasification furnace is ensured to be carried out stably;
the working process of the garbage pyrolysis system is as follows: the garbage bin (9) stores garbage to be pyrolyzed and is connected with the gasification furnace (8) through the air lock (10) and the screw conveyor (11), the air lock (10) isolates combustible gas in the gasification furnace (8) to prevent leakage, the lithium chloride hygrometer detects humidity and controls the rotating speed of the screw conveyor (11) so as to control the flow rate of the garbage;
the carbon dioxide compensation system has the following working procedures: the carbon dioxide storage tank (13) provides a stable carbon dioxide flow rate, and the stable carbon dioxide flow rate enters the heat exchanger (12) and then the FLiNaK-CO 2 The heat exchanger (6) fully utilizes the waste heat of the mixed gas after reaction;
the working process of the gas purification system is as follows: the mixed gas flowing out of the gasification furnace (8) firstly enters the heat exchanger (12), the mixed gas is discharged from the heat exchanger (12) through the air inducing mechanism (14), the mixed gas passes through the dust removing system (15) to remove incompletely combusted black smoke, and the mixed gas passes through the gas analyzer (16) to analyze generated gas components, so that the subsequent fractionation and purification are facilitated.
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| CN202210752992.8A CN115011380A (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | System and method for cooling high-temperature reactor waste heat pyrolysis garbage to produce hydrogen by using small-sized villiaumite |
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| CN202210752992.8A CN115011380A (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | System and method for cooling high-temperature reactor waste heat pyrolysis garbage to produce hydrogen by using small-sized villiaumite |
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