CN115010467A - Preparation method and application of sound-absorbing porous ceramic - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of sound-absorbing porous ceramic Download PDFInfo
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- CN115010467A CN115010467A CN202210673158.XA CN202210673158A CN115010467A CN 115010467 A CN115010467 A CN 115010467A CN 202210673158 A CN202210673158 A CN 202210673158A CN 115010467 A CN115010467 A CN 115010467A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000005534 acoustic noise Effects 0.000 description 1
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- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical class [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
- C04B33/1322—Red mud
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/16—Lean materials, e.g. grog, quartz
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/24—Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/0675—Vegetable refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. wood chips, cork, peat, paper
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method and application of sound-absorbing porous ceramic, and belongs to the technical field of buildings. The sound-absorbing porous ceramic has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, small and uniform pore diameter, low cost and the like, and the volume density is 1.19-2.07 g/cm 3 The sound-absorbing porous ceramic has the advantages that the compressive strength is 31-64.17 MPa, the pore size is 2-500 mu m, the apparent porosity is 25-45%, the water absorption rate for 1 hour is 10-30%, the use requirement of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic is met, and the sound-absorbing porous ceramic has a better pore structure. Suction cup of the inventionIn the sound-absorbing porous ceramic, more than 90% of raw materials are industrial solid waste and agricultural solid waste, the preparation cost is low, the sound-absorbing porous ceramic has excellent performance, can be used for manufacturing high-performance sound-insulating ceramic tiles, and provides an effective way for resource utilization of the industrial solid waste and the agricultural solid waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buildings, in particular to sound-absorbing porous ceramic and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The porous ceramic is an inorganic material with a special three-dimensional pore structure, has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, good shock resistance, high porosity, good thermal insulation performance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of building materials, chemical filtration, oil exploitation and the like. At present, the porous ceramic used for building materials accounts for more than 70 percent of the total output of the porous ceramic, and the raw materials for traditionally producing the porous ceramic are in short supply and expensive, so that the added value of the porous ceramic industry is low, the industrial scale is atrophied, new raw materials and high added value preparation processes are urgently needed to be found, and the added value of the porous ceramic industry is improved.
With the continuous research on the performance of the porous ceramic material, the application of the porous ceramic material is expanded to the field of acoustic noise reduction. The sound absorption performance of the porous ceramic is that a large number of communicated micro pores are generated in the porous ceramic from inside to outside through a certain forming process. According to the principle of sound absorption by the small holes, incident sound waves enter the inside of the tiny holes to cause air vibration, so that air friction and viscosity are caused, the sound waves are continuously converted into heat energy from kinetic energy, the sound wave energy is gradually attenuated, and the purpose of reducing noise is achieved. Therefore, the porosity and pore shape of the porous ceramic have a great influence on the noise reduction performance of the porous ceramic.
In recent years, as the existing noise reduction measures cannot meet related standards, porous ceramic sound-absorbing boards and sound barriers are gradually used in traffic engineering such as high-speed rails and subways, so that the noise of the rails is greatly reduced, and the porous ceramic sound-absorbing boards are greatly promoted gradually. In the construction engineering of high-speed rails and subways, the use amount of the porous ceramic for the sound barrier and the sound absorption board is large, and the sound barrier or the sound absorption board of each kilometer of roads needs 200 square of the porous ceramic. Compared with the prior art that the porous ceramic is mainly used as a building material, the porous ceramic is used for producing the acoustic board, so that the porous ceramic has higher industrial added value.
However, the performance of the existing porous ceramics has the following main problems: firstly, the light weight and high strength can not be achieved, most of the existing porous ceramics can meet the requirement of the specification on the low density of the light aggregate, but the cylinder pressure strength is lower and is only about 2Mpa, so that the durability of a concrete building can not be ensured, and the impact force of high-strength air flow of a track can not be resisted; secondly, the existing porous ceramics are common light porous ceramics, generally do not have a large number of micro communicated gaps, have low apparent porosity, unequal pore sizes and poor uniformity, have very limited noise reduction performance and cannot meet the related requirements of sound absorption products of buildings; thirdly, the sphericity and roundness of the existing porous ceramics are not enough, and most of the porous ceramics are in an ellipsoid shape or an angular shape, so that the noise reduction effect is greatly influenced. Therefore, there is a need to develop a sound-absorbing porous ceramic with low cost, light weight and high strength to satisfy the requirements of building engineering, especially rail traffic engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide sound-absorbing porous ceramic which is characterized by comprising the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 60-70% of red mud, 30-40% of quartz sand and 10-15% of straw;
the preparation method of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the treated red mud, quartz sand and straws to obtain a mixed material;
sequentially performing injection molding, drying and sintering on the mixture to obtain the sound-absorbing porous ceramic;
the sintering comprises the following steps: the temperature is firstly increased from the room temperature to 200-300 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5-10 min, then the temperature is increased to 1000-1100 ℃ for the second time, and the temperature is kept for 100-120 min.
Preferably, the oxide in the red mud comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2 2 5～40％，Al 2 O 3 5～30％，CaO 1～50％，Fe 2 O 3 5～30％，MgO 0.01～10％，TiO 2 0.01～20％。
Preferably, the oxides in the quartz sand comprise the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2 2 30～90％，Al 2 O 3 0.01～0.1％，MgO 1～1.5％。
Preferably, the straw comprises 30-40% of cellulose, 20-30% of hemicellulose, 15-20% of lignin, 1-5% of ash and 0.1-0.5% of pectin.
The invention provides a preparation method of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the treated red mud, quartz sand and straws to obtain a mixed material;
sequentially performing injection molding, drying and sintering on the mixture to obtain the sound-absorbing porous ceramic;
the sintering comprises the following steps: the temperature is increased from room temperature to 200-300 ℃ for the first time, the temperature is kept for 5-10 min, and then the temperature is increased to 1000-1100 ℃ for the second time, and the temperature is kept for 100-120 min.
Preferably, after injection molding, the aperture size of the obtained material is 2-500 μm.
Preferably, the temperature rise rates of the first temperature rise and the second temperature rise are independently 3-5 ℃/min.
The invention provides application of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic in the technical scheme or the sound-absorbing porous ceramic prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in sound-insulating ceramic tiles.
The invention provides sound-absorbing porous ceramic which comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 60-70% of red mud, 30-40% of quartz sand and 10-15% of straw; the preparation method of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the treated red mud, quartz sand and straws to obtain a mixed material; and sequentially carrying out injection molding, drying and sintering on the mixture to obtain the sound-absorbing porous ceramic.
The sound absorption performance of the sound absorption porous ceramic is mainly determined by the number and the size of micropores of the ceramic, generally, the more the number of the micropores is, the higher the apparent porosity is, the better the pore uniformity is, and the higher the sound absorption performance is, the raw material straw is used as a pore-forming agent, and the porosity, the pore size and the pore uniformity of the ceramic are regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the proportion of the raw materials.
The sound-absorbing porous ceramic obtained by optimizing the component proportion and sintering system of the raw materials has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, small and uniform pore diameter, low cost and the like, and the volume density is 1.19-2.07 g/cm 3 The compressive strength is 31 to 64.17MPa, the pore size is 2 to 500 mu m, and pores are revealedThe rate is 25-45%, and the water absorption rate for 1 hour is 10-30%.
In the sound-absorbing porous ceramic, more than 90% of raw materials are industrial solid waste or agricultural solid waste, the preparation cost is low, the red mud is efficiently utilized, the utilization rate of the industrial solid waste can reach more than 95%, the stockpiling amount of the industrial solid waste is greatly reduced, and the high value-added utilization of the industrial solid waste is realized.
The sound-absorbing porous ceramic provided by the invention has excellent sound-absorbing performance, can be used for manufacturing high-performance sound-insulating ceramic tiles, and provides an effective way for resource utilization of industrial solid waste and agricultural solid waste.
Detailed Description
The invention adopts an organic matter pore-forming agent ignition loss method to prepare sound-absorbing porous ceramics, and the main raw materials comprise:
red mud is used as a main raw material, quartz sand is used as an auxiliary material, and straw is used as a pore-forming agent;
the invention adopts the principle of an organic pore-forming agent combustion loss method to prepare the sound-absorbing porous ceramic product, and adopts an injection molding method to mold a ceramic blank. The proportion of the red mud and the quartz sand is 70 wt%: 30 wt% of the raw materials were mixed, the sintering temperature was set at 1100 deg.C, and the experimental water addition mass was 18 g. The melting point of the red mud is generally 1200-1250 ℃, so the sintering temperature meets the requirement. The process flow of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic sample is as follows:
raw material preparation → raw material weighing → mixing → granulation → molding → drying → demoulding → continuous drying → sintering
The preparation method of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic comprises the following steps:
the raw materials such as red mud, quartz sand and the like are ball-milled and processed through a standard sieve of 200 meshes so as to meet the experimental requirements.
Weighing the treated red mud, quartz sand and straw according to an experimental proportion (the result is accurate to 0.01g), and manually stirring the red mud and the quartz sand until the red mud and the quartz sand are uniformly mixed;
adding water into the mixture of the red mud and the quartz sand for granulation and full stirring, then mixing the pore-forming agent with the pug, and stirring to a uniform state. After vaseline is uniformly coated on the inner wall of the mold, the mixture containing the pore-forming agent is injected into the mold, the mixture is compacted by a glass rod, and the upper surface of the blank is strickled off by a smooth glass sheet, so that the upper surface of the blank is as flat as possible and parallel to the lower surface, and 4-5 blanks are sequentially completed. And then putting the ceramic blank together with the mould into a 70 ℃ electric heating constant temperature air-blast drying oven for drying for 2.5h, demoulding when the blank shrinks, and putting the ceramic blank into the 70 ℃ air-blast drying oven for continuously drying for 18-20 h after demoulding. And (2) after drying, putting the ceramic blank into a box-type high-temperature sintering furnace for sintering (a layer of alumina powder needs to be laid on the lower surface in the sintering furnace to prevent the furnace wall from being damaged in the sintering process of the product), wherein the sintering system is as follows: the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, wherein the temperature is kept at 200 ℃ for 5min, the maximum temperature is 1100 ℃, the temperature is kept at 1100 ℃ for 2h, and furnace cooling is carried out after sintering is finished.
Grinding the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample to enable the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample to be as flat and parallel as possible, cleaning the surface of the sample, drying the sample in a constant-temperature drying oven at 70 ℃ for 24 hours, bagging the sample for later use after drying is finished, and performing various performance tests.
(1) Through adding straws with the particle sizes of 0.3-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.8mm, 1.0-2.0 mm and 2.0-3.0 mm for pore forming, the influence of straw particles with different particle sizes on various properties of the porous ceramic is researched under the condition of the same straw proportion.
(2) Through adding straws with the mixture ratio of 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.8 wt% and 1.0 wt% for pore forming, the influence of straw particles with different mixture ratios on various performances of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic is researched under the condition of the same straw particle size.
Under the condition that the proportion of the red mud and the quartz sand is the same as the sintering system, four straws with different particle size ranges are added as pore-forming agents, and the volume density of a sample has the following trend along with the addition of the pore-forming agents:
the apparent porosity and water absorption of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic are increased along with the addition of the pore-forming agent. The increase of the addition amount of the pore-forming agent leads to the increase of the total volume of straw particles, the total volume of pores in the sound-absorbing porous ceramic is increased, through pores are easier to form due to the increase of the number of the pores, the apparent porosity of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic is increased, the through pores of the ceramic are increased, and the water absorption capacity of the ceramic is enhanced in the boiling process. According to the experiment, when 1.0 wt% of straw with the particle size of 0.3-0.6 mm is used as the pore-forming agent, the maximum apparent porosity of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic is 57.99%, the water absorption rate is 47.64%, and under the condition that the proportion of the red mud and the quartz sand and the sintering system are not changed, the apparent porosity of a ceramic sample without the pore-forming agent is 25.84%, and the water absorption rate is 12.19%. The influence of the pore-forming agent for each particle diameter on the sample volume density, apparent porosity and water absorption was observed with the addition amount of the pore-forming agent being 0.6 wt%, and it was found that the sample volume density increased as the particle diameter of the pore-forming agent increased, and the apparent porosity and water absorption decreased as the particle diameter of the pore-forming agent increased. This is because the smaller the particle size of the straw particles, the larger the number of the particles in the same mixture ratio, the larger the total volume of the pore-forming agent, and thus the more the pores left in the ceramic body, which is manifested as a decrease in bulk density, an increase in apparent porosity and water absorption.
The compression strength of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic samples is normally distributed along with the increase of the particle size of the pore-forming agent, wherein when the particle size of the pore-forming agent is 0.5-0.8mm, the compression strength of each sound-absorbing porous ceramic sample is higher. The number, the pore diameter and the distribution of pores are important factors influencing the compressive strength of a sample, the distribution density of pores in the sample prepared by the pore-forming agent with the particle diameter of 0.5-0.8mm and the average pore wall thickness among the large pores are moderate according to the morphology analysis of the sample, the mechanical property of the sample is favorably improved, and the large pore diameter in the sound-absorbing porous ceramic is also increased along with the increase of the particle diameter of the pore-forming agent, so that the mechanical property of the sample is favorably improved. The error is increased on the compressive strength of the sample with the pore-forming agent proportion of 1.0 wt%, and the result shows that the compressive strength of the same group of samples has a small variation range and good mechanical stability.
According to the regulations in GB/T16533-1996 general technical conditions of porous ceramic products, the average value of the compressive strength of the porous ceramic products is more than 8 MPa; for argillaceous products or products with porosity of more than 70%, the average value of the compressive strength is not lower than 3.5 MPa. The apparent porosity of the experimental samples is less than 70%, and by integrating the volume density, the apparent porosity and the compressive strength of the samples, the analysis shows that the samples of the B5 group (the straw grain diameter is 0.5-0.8mm, and the addition amount is 1.0%) meet the general technical conditions and have the most excellent performance, namely, the volume density is 1.19g/cm3, the apparent porosity is 57.99%, and the compressive strength is 9.70 MPa.
In the invention, the red mud also comprises 0-10% of other components, wherein the other components comprise sodium and potassium oxides, partial heavy metal oxides, partial rare earth oxides, partial organic matters and the like. The red mud is strong-alkaline waste residue discharged during the extraction of alumina in the aluminum production industry, and the red mud is used as a raw material of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic, so that the strength of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic can be improved; in addition, the red mud can effectively utilize industrial solid wastes, reduce the consumption of natural raw materials and has very wide social benefits and economic values.
In addition, the red mud is used as a main component, so that the utilization rate of solid waste is high, the stacking quantity of industrial solid waste can be greatly reduced, and the high value-added utilization of the industrial solid waste can be realized.
The invention provides application of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic in the technical scheme or the sound-absorbing porous ceramic prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in building main body materials, road sound-insulating walls and railway noise protection. The method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The red mud used in the following examples is red mud of Guangxi Pingguo aluminum industry Co., Ltd, and after conventional separation, drying and homogenization treatment, chemical components of the red mud are identified and analyzed, wherein the mass percentage of main components (including ignition loss) of oxides in the red mud is as follows: SiO 2 2 5～40％，Al 2 O 3 5～30％，CaO 1～50％，Fe 2 O 3 5～30％，MgO 0.01～10％，TiO 2 0.01～20％。
In the following embodiments, the coal gangue is quartz sand produced in Guangxi, Yunnan or Shanxi, and after conventional separation, drying and homogenization treatment, the chemical components of the coal gangue are identified and analyzed, and the mass percentage of the main components (including ignition loss) of oxides in the quartz sand is as follows: SiO 2 2 30～90％，Al 2 O 3 0.01～0.1％，MgO 1～1.5％。
Example 1
The raw materials such as red mud, quartz sand and the like are ball-milled and processed through a standard sieve of 200 meshes so as to meet the experimental requirements. Weighing the treated red mud, quartz sand and straw according to an experimental proportion (the result is accurate to 0.01g), and manually stirring the red mud and the quartz sand until the red mud and the quartz sand are uniformly mixed;
adding water into the mixture of the red mud and the quartz sand for granulation and full stirring, then mixing the pore-forming agent with the pug, and stirring to a uniform state. After vaseline is uniformly coated on the inner wall of the mold, injecting a mixture containing a pore-forming agent into the mold, compacting the mixture by using a glass rod, and scraping the upper surface of the blank by using a smooth glass sheet to ensure that the upper surface of the blank is as flat as possible and parallel to the lower surface, thereby completing 4-5 blanks in sequence. And then putting the ceramic blank together with the mould into a 70 ℃ electric heating constant temperature air-blast drying oven for drying for 2.5h, demoulding when the blank shrinks, and putting the ceramic blank into the 70 ℃ air-blast drying oven for continuously drying for 18-20 h after demoulding. After drying, putting the ceramic blank into a box-type high-temperature sintering furnace for sintering (a layer of alumina powder needs to be laid on the lower surface in the sintering furnace to prevent the damage to the furnace wall in the sintering process of the product), wherein the sintering system is as follows: the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, wherein the temperature is kept at 200 ℃ for 5min, the maximum temperature is 1100 ℃, the temperature is kept at 1100 ℃ for 2h, and furnace cooling is carried out after sintering is finished. And grinding the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample to enable the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample to be as flat and parallel as possible, cleaning the surface of the sample, and drying the sample in a constant-temperature drying oven at 70 ℃ for 24 hours.
According to the regulation in GB/T16533-1996 general technical conditions of porous ceramic products, the average value of the compressive strength of the porous ceramic products is more than 8 MPa; for argillaceous products or products with porosity of more than 70%, the average value of the compressive strength should be not less than 3.5 MPa. The apparent porosity of the experimental sample is less than 70%, and by combining the volume density, the apparent porosity and the compressive strength of the samples, the volume density is 2.07g/cm3, the apparent porosity is 25.84%, and the compressive strength is 49.72MPa, so that the use requirement of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic is met, and the sound-absorbing porous ceramic has a better pore structure.
Example 2
The raw materials such as red mud, quartz sand and the like are ball-milled and processed through a standard sieve of 200 meshes so as to meet the experimental requirements. Weighing the treated red mud, quartz sand and straw according to an experimental proportion (the result is accurate to 0.01g), and manually stirring the red mud and the quartz sand until the red mud and the quartz sand are uniformly mixed;
adding water into the mixture of the red mud and the quartz sand for granulation and full stirring, then mixing the pore-forming agent with the pug, and stirring to a uniform state. After vaseline is uniformly coated on the inner wall of the mold, the mixture containing the pore-forming agent is injected into the mold, the mixture is compacted by a glass rod, and the upper surface of the blank is strickled off by a smooth glass sheet, so that the upper surface of the blank is as flat as possible and parallel to the lower surface, and 4-5 blanks are sequentially completed. And then putting the ceramic blank body and the die into a 70 ℃ electric heating constant temperature blast drying oven together for drying for 2.5 hours, demoulding when the blank body shrinks, and putting the ceramic blank body into the 70 ℃ blast drying oven for continuously drying for 18-20 hours after demoulding. And (2) after drying, putting the ceramic blank into a box-type high-temperature sintering furnace for sintering (a layer of alumina powder needs to be laid on the lower surface in the sintering furnace to prevent the furnace wall from being damaged in the sintering process of the product), wherein the sintering system is as follows: the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, wherein the temperature is kept at 200 ℃ for 5min, the maximum temperature is 1100 ℃, the temperature is kept at 1100 ℃ for 2h, and furnace cooling is carried out after sintering is finished. And grinding the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample to enable the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample to be as flat and parallel as possible, cleaning the surface of the sample, and drying the sample in a constant-temperature drying oven at 70 ℃ for 24 hours.
According to the regulation in GB/T16533-1996 general technical conditions of porous ceramic products, the average value of the compressive strength of the porous ceramic products is more than 8 MPa;for argillaceous products or products with porosity of more than 70%, the average value of the compressive strength should be not less than 3.5 MPa. The apparent porosity of the experimental samples is less than 70 percent, and the volume density, the apparent porosity and the compressive strength of the samples are combined to obtain the volume density of 1.57g/cm 3 The apparent porosity is 43.48%, the compressive strength is 16.78MPa, the use requirement of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic is met, and the sound-absorbing porous ceramic has a better pore structure.
Example 3
The raw materials such as red mud, quartz sand and the like are ball-milled and processed through a standard sieve of 200 meshes so as to meet the experimental requirements. Weighing the treated red mud, quartz sand and straw according to an experimental proportion (the result is accurate to 0.01g), and manually stirring the red mud and the quartz sand until the red mud and the quartz sand are uniformly mixed;
adding water into the mixture of the red mud and the quartz sand for granulation and full stirring, then mixing the pore-forming agent with the pug, and stirring to a uniform state. After vaseline is uniformly coated on the inner wall of the mold, the mixture containing the pore-forming agent is injected into the mold, the mixture is compacted by a glass rod, and the upper surface of the blank is strickled off by a smooth glass sheet, so that the upper surface of the blank is as flat as possible and parallel to the lower surface, and 4-5 blanks are sequentially completed. And then putting the ceramic blank together with the mould into a 70 ℃ electric heating constant temperature air-blast drying oven for drying for 2.5h, demoulding when the blank shrinks, and putting the ceramic blank into the 70 ℃ air-blast drying oven for continuously drying for 18-20 h after demoulding. And (2) after drying, putting the ceramic blank into a box-type high-temperature sintering furnace for sintering (a layer of alumina powder needs to be laid on the lower surface in the sintering furnace to prevent the furnace wall from being damaged in the sintering process of the product), wherein the sintering system is as follows: the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, wherein the temperature is kept at 200 ℃ for 5min, the maximum temperature is 1100 ℃, the temperature is kept at 1100 ℃ for 2h, and furnace cooling is carried out after sintering is finished. And grinding the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample to enable the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample to be as flat and parallel as possible, cleaning the surface of the sample, and drying the sample in a constant-temperature drying oven at 70 ℃ for 24 hours.
According to the regulation in GB/T16533-1996 general technical conditions of porous ceramic products, the average value of the compressive strength of the porous ceramic products is more than 8 MPa; for argillaceous products or products with porosity of more than 70%, the average value of the compressive strength should be not less than 3.5 MPa. The apparent porosity of the experimental sample is less than 70%, and by combining the volume density, the apparent porosity and the compressive strength of the samples, the volume density is 1.19g/cm3, the apparent porosity is 57.99%, and the compressive strength is 9.7MPa, so that the use requirement of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic is met, and the sound-absorbing porous ceramic has a better pore structure.
As is apparent from the above examples, the sound-absorbing porous ceramic of the present invention has many small pores uniformly distributed therein, the phase composition of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic does not change with the amount of the pore-forming agent added, and the sound-absorbing porous ceramic has the best performance when 1.0 wt% of the pore-forming agent having a particle size of 0.5 to 0.8mm is added, and the bulk density of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic is 1.19g/cm 3 The apparent porosity is 57.99%, the compressive strength is 9.70MPa, the water absorption is 47.64%, the use requirement of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic is met, and the sound-absorbing porous ceramic has a better pore structure.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The sound-absorbing porous ceramic is characterized by comprising the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 60-70% of red mud, 30-40% of quartz sand and 10-15% of straw;
the preparation method of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the treated red mud, quartz sand and straws to obtain a mixed material;
sequentially performing injection molding, drying and sintering on the mixture to obtain the sound-absorbing porous ceramic;
the sintering comprises the following steps: the temperature is increased from room temperature to 200-300 ℃ for the first time, the temperature is kept for 5-10 min, and then the temperature is increased to 1000-1100 ℃ for the second time, and the temperature is kept for 100-120 min.
2. The sound-absorbing porous ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in thatCharacterized in that the oxide in the red mud comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2 2 5～40％，Al 2 O 3 5～30％，CaO 1～50％，Fe 2 O 3 5～30％，MgO 0.01～10％，TiO 2 0.01～20％。
3. The sound-absorbing porous ceramic of claim 1, wherein the oxides in the silica sand comprise the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2 2 30～90％，Al 2 O 3 0.01～0.1％，MgO 1～1.5％。
4. The sound-absorbing porous ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the straw is composed of 30-40% of cellulose, 20-30% of hemicellulose, 15-20% of lignin, 1-5% of ash, and 0.1-0.5% of pectin.
5. The method for preparing the sound-absorbing porous ceramic according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
uniformly mixing the treated red mud, quartz sand and straws to obtain a mixed material;
sequentially performing injection molding, drying and sintering on the mixture to obtain the sound-absorbing porous ceramic;
the sintering comprises the following steps: the temperature is increased from room temperature to 200-300 ℃ for the first time, the temperature is kept for 5-10 min, and then the temperature is increased to 1000-1100 ℃ for the second time, and the temperature is kept for 100-120 min.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the pore size of the obtained material after injection molding is 2-500 μm.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the first and second temperature increases are independently controlled at a temperature increase rate of 3 to 5 ℃/min.
8. Use of the sound-absorbing porous ceramic according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the sound-absorbing porous ceramic produced by the production method according to any one of claims 5 to 7 in sound-absorbing ceramic tiles.
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| CN104671821A (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2015-06-03 | 河南科技大学 | Low-cost porous ceramic sound absorbing material and preparation process thereof |
| CN108558361A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-21 | 北方民族大学 | The porosity adjustable porous ceramics and preparation method prepared with flyash, carbide slag |
| CN111470790A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-31 | 桂林理工大学 | Sound-absorbing ceramsite and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104671821A (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2015-06-03 | 河南科技大学 | Low-cost porous ceramic sound absorbing material and preparation process thereof |
| CN108558361A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-21 | 北方民族大学 | The porosity adjustable porous ceramics and preparation method prepared with flyash, carbide slag |
| CN111470790A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-31 | 桂林理工大学 | Sound-absorbing ceramsite and preparation method and application thereof |
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