CN115010425A - 工业矿渣联合废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒的淤泥固化剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种工业矿渣联合废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒的淤泥固化剂，由高炉矿渣、聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、水泥组成，所述高炉矿渣、所述聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、所述水泥的质量份数分别为5～15份、0.5‑1.5份、2～6份。聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒可以用于再生产，循环利用绿色环保，是一种轻型高分子聚合物。它是采用聚苯乙烯树脂加入发泡剂，同时加热进行软化，产生气体，形成一种硬质闭孔结构的泡沫塑料。将聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒引入淤泥固化剂中，形成一种新型的轻质固化剂，固化效果良好，且能够实现对固化土密度的轻质化处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及淤泥固化剂技术研究领域。更具体地说，本发明涉及一种工业矿渣联合废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒的淤泥固化剂。
背景技术
河道运行过程中产生淤泥，阻塞河道，且产生的淤泥含水量高、硬度低、长时间淤积形成大量有毒有害物质，必须有效处理，避免对环境造成二次污染。而工业矿渣作为一种大型工业废渣，大量企业采用埋地露天方式堆放，占用大量土地和水资源，环境污染日趋严重。自Werther和Ogada提出对淤泥的农业资源化、垃圾填埋、海洋倾倒和焚烧利用后，国内外学者开始淤泥固化的研究。而淤泥的固化处理，对施工和环境都有较大的影响，旨在寻求效果最好且最经济的固化剂。Alexandros Kelessidis等提到目前在欧洲，厌氧消化和好氧消化是最流行的淤泥稳定方法。在固化剂选用的方面，Eung-Ho Kim等以高炉矿渣和生石灰为固化剂固化淤泥。吴雪婷等采用离子土固化剂(ISS)和水泥对宁德海相淤泥进行化学固化。徐日庆等以粉煤灰和生石灰作为基础固化材料，指出硅酸钠、硫酸钙、氯化钙为添加剂的固化剂能显著提高固化土的早期强度。王东星等将氯氧镁水泥(MOC)和绿色环保活性MgO-粉煤灰材料创新性地引入淤泥固化。李亚飞得出用水泥和土壤固化剂固化淤泥能显著提高加州承载比值(CBR)的结论。夏艳波等的研究结果表明水泥、石灰、细砂土以及生物酶均可降低淤泥质土的含水率、液限及塑性指数，并都使固化淤泥质土的无侧限抗压强度增加。
实现固化淤泥的轻质化具有很多优点：(1)密度可根据实际工程需要进行调节；(2)轻量土蠕变变形可快速达到蠕变稳定阶段，固结特性优于素土。但是上述固化剂没有实现对淤泥的轻质化，因此，发明一种淤泥的轻质固化剂十分有必要。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是解决至少上述问题，并提供至少后面将说明的优点。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种工业矿渣联合废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒的淤泥固化剂，该固化剂为轻质固化剂，固化效果良好，且能够实现对固化土密度的轻质化处理。
为了实现根据本发明的这些目的和其它优点，提供了一种工业矿渣联合废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒的淤泥固化剂，由高炉矿渣、聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、水泥组成。
具体的，所述高炉矿渣、所述聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、所述水泥的质量份数分别为5～15份、0.5-1.5份、2～6份。
优选的，所述高炉矿渣、所述聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、所述水泥的质量份数分别为5份、1份、4份。
具体的，所述高炉矿渣、所述聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、所述水泥加入淤泥土中后质量百分占比分别为5～15％、0.5-1.5％、2～6％。
优选的，所述高炉矿渣、所述聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、所述水泥加入淤泥土中后质量百分占比分别为5％、1％、4％。
具体的，所述聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒为采用废弃泡沫塑料制成的粒径大小为1～2mm的球粒，堆积密度0.04g/cm3。
本发明至少包括以下有益效果：
该固化剂为轻质固化剂，固化效果良好，且能够实现对固化土密度的轻质化处理，当固化土强度最大时，密度为1.25g/cm3，与天然密度1.42g/cm3相比显著减小，且能够根据工程实际调节密度大小；
淤泥经过处理后的密度可根据实际工程需要通过调整固化剂配比情况进行调节；
固化剂固化淤泥土后土样中只增加了两种水化产物，没有产生对环境有害的新物质，不会对环境造成污染，符合绿色发展的理念。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现，部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
附图说明
图1为实施例3击实试验数据的拟合曲线示意图；
图2为实施例5本申请的固化剂处理的固化土的微观形貌示意图；
图3为实施例5水化产物胶结土颗粒形成絮凝状胶结物的形貌示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
需要说明的是，下述实施方案中所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法，所述试剂和材料，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1：材料选取
聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒可以用于再生产，循环利用绿色环保，是一种轻型高分子聚合物。它是采用聚苯乙烯树脂加入发泡剂，同时加热进行软化，产生气体，形成一种硬质闭孔结构的泡沫塑料。本试验选取水泥、高炉矿渣作为固化材料及聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒(EPS颗粒)作为轻质材料，三者混合制成轻质固化剂。其中，高炉渣是在高炉炼铁过程中，由矿石中的脉石、燃料中的灰分和溶剂中的非挥发组分形成的固体废物。水泥是一种碱性固态粉末状水硬性无机胶凝材料，本实验采用巩义市芝田工业示范区生产的42.5级普通硅酸盐水泥。废弃聚苯乙烯(EPS颗粒)颗粒采用废弃泡沫塑料制成的粒径大小为1～2mm的球粒，堆积密度0.04g/cm3。
实施例2：淤泥基本物理性质测验
本试验选用淤泥取自武汉市珞狮南路地区东湖，取样深度为0～5m，淤泥呈灰黑色流塑状，具腥臭味。为保证实验结果的准确性，实验之前将淤泥中的碎石等杂质去除。将去除杂质的淤泥放入65℃的烘箱中烘36h，取出放至室温，研磨后过2mm筛备用。依据《土工试验方法标准》(GB/T 50123-2019)和《公路土工试验规程》(JTG3430-2020)测得试验淤泥试样的密度、含水率、比重、液塑限、7d无侧限抗压强度等基本物理性质指标，结果见表1。密度、含水率、比重、液塑限、7d无侧限抗压强度试验标准参照《土工试验方法标准》(GB/T50123-2019)，击实试验标准参照《公路土工试验规程》(JTG3430-2020)。按照统一土分类法，当IP(塑限)≥10％同时ωL(液限)≥50％时，淤泥属于高液限黏土。实验淤泥IP＝39.047％≥10％、ωL＝55.775％≥50％，所以实验淤泥属于高液限黏土。
表1试验淤泥的基本物理性质指标
实施例3：击实试验
取适量研磨后的土过40mm筛，分四份，分别加入水至含水率为39％、41％、43％和45％，将土拌匀，放入密封桶中12h。采用轻型击实，锤质量为2.5kg，落高30cm，试筒内径为10cm。称试筒质量，在筒内壁涂一薄层凡士林，并在垫块上放置蜡纸。将制备好的土样分三层倒入筒内，每层击打27下，每层击实结束后将试样层面拉毛后再装入套筒。击实结束后削刮套筒内壁，取下套筒，齐筒顶细心削平试样，拆除底板，测出试样高度h，擦净筒外壁，称筒与土的总质量。用推土器推出筒内试样，取试样中心土样测含水率。
表2击实试验数据
以含水率为横坐标，干密度为纵坐标，根据淤泥击实试验所得的四组数据做出点线图，用样条曲线进行连接得到拟合曲线。根据所得拟合曲线，如图1所示，峰值点横、纵坐标分别为最佳含水率和最大干密度，得到最佳含水率和最大干密度为45.65％和1.71g/cm3。
实施例4：无侧限抗压试验
将高炉矿渣(5％、10％、15％)、EPS颗粒(0.5％、1％、1.5％)、水泥(2％、4％、6％)以不同配比制样，再将高炉矿渣、水泥、EPS颗粒按照设计的配比倒入混凝土搅拌器中。以上所有比例均为占总质量的质量百分比，总质量是淤泥土和固化剂的质量之和。然后以最优含水率45.65％添加水和烘干的重塑淤泥土，再用混凝土搅拌器以20r/min的搅拌速率搅拌30min，放入小桶中密封，静置24h。将土样放入重塑筒中，制成直径38.5mm、高80mm的圆柱，每组三个试样，共27个。将小圆柱放入标准养护箱中养护7天后取出，进行无侧限抗压强度试验。将试样两端及侧面涂一薄层凡士林，将试样放在下加压板上，升高下加压板，使试样与上加压板刚好接触，启动应变式无侧限压缩仪，同时记录轴向测力计读数R和轴向位移计读数，当读数达到稳定时，再进行3％的轴向应变值后停止试验。
表3不同固化样品的无侧限抗压强度值的对比
通过表3的无侧限抗压强度对比，可以看到九组试验的无侧限抗压强度都有较大的增长，其中当高炉矿渣、水泥和EPS颗粒的比例为5％、4％和1％时，固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度达到最大值，为1.496MPa。取样测量密度为1.25g/cm3，与天然密度1.42g/cm3相比显著减小，且能够根据工程实际调节密度大小。
实施例5：扫描电镜(SEM)试验
用扫描电镜图像来研究原状土、本申请固化剂处理的固化土的微观形貌以及水化产物对孔隙结构的影响，固化土微观结构中出现少量针状钙矾石AFt(如图2所示)填充在土颗粒之间的孔隙中，起到连接和加筋作用，从而提高固化土的强度和抵抗变形能力。固化土中主要的水化产物为无定形水化硅酸钙凝胶(C-S-H)、水化硅铝酸钙(C-(A)-S-H)、水化铝酸钙(C-A-H)等，水化产物胶结土颗粒形成絮凝状胶结物(如图3所示)，填充土体孔隙，使孔隙在数量、体积上都大幅减少。絮凝状水化物逐渐形成空间网状结构，土颗粒被水化物充分裹挟、胶结，土骨架的整体性、胶结性更好，使固化土的力学强度提高。固化后土样中只增加了两种水化产物，没有产生对环境有害的新物质，不会对环境造成污染，符合绿色发展的理念。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实施例。
Claims (6)
1.一种工业矿渣联合废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒的淤泥固化剂，其特征在于，由高炉矿渣、聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、水泥组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的工业矿渣联合废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒的淤泥固化剂，其特征在于，所述高炉矿渣、所述聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、所述水泥的质量份数分别为5～15份、0.5-1.5份、2～6份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的工业矿渣联合废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒的淤泥固化剂，其特征在于，所述高炉矿渣、所述聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、所述水泥的质量份数分别为5份、1份、4份。
4.如权利要求1所述的工业矿渣联合废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒的淤泥固化剂，其特征在于，所述高炉矿渣、所述聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、所述水泥加入淤泥土中后质量百分占比分别为5～15％、0.5-1.5％、2～6％。
5.如权利要求1所述的工业矿渣联合废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒的淤泥固化剂，其特征在于，所述高炉矿渣、所述聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒、所述水泥加入淤泥土中后质量百分占比分别为5％、1％、4％。
6.如权利要求1所述的工业矿渣联合废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒的淤泥固化剂，其特征在于，所述聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒为采用废弃泡沫塑料制成的粒径大小为1～2mm的球粒，堆积密度0.04g/cm3。
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