CN115010135A - Two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for lithium ion battery cathode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for lithium ion battery cathode and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
- C01B33/021—Preparation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for a lithium ion battery cathode and a preparation method thereof. The technical scheme is provided mainly for solving the problems that the existing two-dimensional silicon nanosheet can only be prepared in a laboratory in a small amount through a complex process and a method which is low in energy consumption and can be used for preparing the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet in a large scale is lacked: the preparation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: etching the silicon alloy in an acid solution to obtain porous silicon; step two: obtaining a micron silicon wafer by the porous silicon through a jet mill; step three: and sanding the micron silicon wafer under the action of a dispersing agent to obtain the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet of the lithium ion battery cathode. The preparation method has the advantages of low energy consumption, low equipment investment, reduction in the preparation cost of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet, popularization of the application range of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet and strong cruising ability of the lithium ion battery applying the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for a lithium ion battery cathode and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the existing energy storage devices, lithium ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, small volume, no memory effect, small self-discharge point effect and the like, are widely applied to portable electronic devices, and play an important role in the fields of power energy storage systems and aerospace. However, the energy density of the current commercial lithium ion battery is about 150-180Wh/Kg, which is difficult to satisfy the endurance requirements of consumer electronics products, especially electric vehicles.
Therefore, the development of a lithium ion battery system with high energy density is urgently needed. From the perspective of the anode material, silicon has the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity (4200mA h g < -1 >) and low voltage platform, and is considered to be an ideal anode material for the next generation of lithium ion batteries. However, the application of silicon in the field of lithium ion batteries is limited by the low intrinsic conductivity and the huge volume change in the charge and discharge processes of silicon, and the modification of the silicon-based negative electrode to overcome the defects is of great significance.
Currently, there are three common modifications to silicon-based anodes: nanocrystallized, porous or composited with carbon. Theoretically, as the size of the silicon nanoparticle is smaller, the absolute volume expansion of the silicon nanoparticle during charge and discharge is smaller, and thus nanocrystallization is a means for solving the volume expansion of the silicon negative electrode material from the origin. The silicon nanoparticles are prepared by a method commonly used in industry, which starts from large-sized monocrystalline silicon or crude silicon, and is continuously reduced in size by physical means (such as sand milling, ball milling and the like). However, the methods have some problems, namely, a plurality of sand mills or ball mills are needed to be linked, the energy consumption is high during large-scale production, and the current national strategy of double carbon for carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization is not met. Secondly, the obtained nano particles are generally three-dimensional spherical particles, although absolute volume expansion is reduced in the charging and discharging process, the silicon particles are easy to break due to isotropic expansion, and the stability of the electrode material is reduced.
Recent reports suggest that the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet can overcome the defects of three-dimensional silicon nanoparticles (Advanced Functional Materials,2022,2110046), and the volume expansion of axial and radial anisotropy of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet is beneficial to maintaining the complete structure of the silicon particles in the charging and discharging processes, so that the cycle life is prolonged.
However, the preparation of two-dimensional silicon nanosheets usually requires complex chemical processes or sophisticated physical equipment (CVD, PVD, atomic beam cutting, etc.), and can only be prepared in small quantities in a laboratory. At present, a mode which has low energy consumption and can be used for preparing the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet in a large scale is still lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for a lithium ion battery cathode and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems that the existing two-dimensional silicon nanosheet in the background technology can only be prepared in a small amount in a laboratory through a complex process, and a method which is low in energy consumption and can be used for preparing the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet in a large scale is lacked, so that the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet cannot be widely popularized and used.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for a negative electrode of a lithium ion battery is prepared according to the following method, and specifically comprises the following preparation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a proper silicon alloy, and etching the silicon alloy in an acid solution to obtain porous silicon;
step two: transferring the porous silicon obtained in the step one to a jet mill for crushing to obtain a micron silicon wafer;
step three: and D, dispersing the micron silicon wafer obtained in the step two in a solvent under the action of a dispersing agent, and then performing sanding treatment to obtain the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet of the lithium ion battery cathode.
Preferably, the silicon alloy selected in the step one is any one or a combination of more of SiCu, SiFe, SiMn, SiTi, SiAl, SiMg, SiSn and SiSb, the content of silicon in the silicon alloy is 1-99%, and the average grain diameter of the silicon alloy is 50-1000 meshes.
Preferably, the acid solution used for etching in the step one is any one or a combination of several of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, the etching time is 2-120h, and the etching temperature is 20-80 ℃.
Preferably, the gas source adopted by the jet mill in the second step is any one or a combination of several of nitrogen, argon, helium or compressed air, and the jet mill is used for milling for 1-24 h.
Preferably, the average particle diameter of the micron silicon chip after being crushed by the jet mill is 1-500 μm, and the thickness is 100-5000 nm.
Preferably, the solvent selected for sanding in the third step is any one or more of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, benzene, toluene, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, acetonitrile or dichloromethane;
the dispersing agent is one or a combination of more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxymethyl cellulose, tannic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or sodium pyrophosphate;
the solid content of the micron silicon wafer in the sanding treatment process is 1-50 wt%, and the content of the dispersing agent is 0.01-1 wt%.
Preferably, the sanding treatment in the third step is carried out at the temperature of 10-50 ℃ for 1-24 h.
Preferably, the size of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet obtained in the third step is 20-2000nm, the thickness is 1-500nm, and the oxygen content is 0-40 wt%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention provides two-dimensional silicon nanoparticles with adjustable size, thickness and oxygen content proportion, which are prepared according to the requirements of an actual lithium ion battery, provide different preparation requirements for adjustment and are suitable for different application ranges;
2. the preparation method of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet is simple and convenient to operate, reaction conditions are easy to control, the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet can be prepared in a large scale, the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet is not a product only stored in a laboratory, raw materials are easy to obtain, the method is simple, energy consumption is low, and the preparation method can be used for large-scale production and expanding the preparation way of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet;
3. the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is applied to the field of lithium ion batteries, and in the charging and discharging processes, the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet has excellent structural stability and long cycle life due to the expansion of axial and radial anisotropy, so that the endurance of the lithium ion battery is improved;
4. in conclusion, the energy consumption for preparing the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet is low, the investment of used equipment is low, so that the preparation cost of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet is reduced, the preparation way of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet is expanded, the problem that the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet is only limited in a laboratory preparation mode is solved, the application range of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet is expanded, and the endurance capacity of a lithium ion battery applying the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of making two-dimensional silicon nanoplates for use in a negative electrode of a lithium ion battery;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a micron silicon wafer provided in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a two-dimensional silicon nanosheet provided in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a dynamic light scattering diagram of a two-dimensional silicon nanosheet provided in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a transmission electron microscope image of a two-dimensional silicon nanosheet provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a high-resolution transmission electron microscope image of a two-dimensional silicon nanosheet provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of two-dimensional silicon nanosheets provided in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an EDX diagram of two-dimensional silicon nanoplates provided in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a charge-discharge curve of a first turn of a two-dimensional silicon nanosheet provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of a cyclic charge-discharge curve of a two-dimensional silicon nanosheet provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery provided by the scheme is prepared according to the following method, and specifically comprises the following preparation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a proper silicon alloy, and etching the silicon alloy in an acid solution to obtain porous silicon;
step two: transferring the porous silicon obtained in the step one to a jet mill for crushing to obtain a micron silicon wafer;
step three: and D, dispersing the micron silicon wafer obtained in the step two in a solvent under the action of a dispersing agent, and then performing sanding treatment to obtain the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet of the lithium ion battery cathode.
Wherein the selected silicon alloy is ferrosilicon alloy, and the acid solution used for etching is hydrochloric acid.
Example one
As shown in figures 1-10, ferrosilicon with a grain size of 50 meshes is taken and placed in a hydrochloric acid solution of 6M, etched for 10 hours at room temperature, separated and dried, then transferred into a jet mill, and pulverized for 3 hours at room temperature by using compressed air as a gas source to obtain a micron silicon wafer with a size of 3-5 microns. Dispersing 100g of micron silicon wafer in 900g of ethanol (solid content is 10 wt%), adding 0.1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and sanding at room temperature for 7 hours to obtain a two-dimensional silicon nanosheet with the size of 300nm, the thickness of 10nm and the oxygen content of 16.3 wt%;
in this example, FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope of the obtained micron silicon wafer, which shows that the size of the two-dimensional silicon wafer after jet milling is 3-5 μm and the thickness is 50 nm.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope of two-dimensional silicon nanosheets showing that the product obtained after sanding has a size of 300nm and a thickness of 10 nm.
Fig. 4 is a dynamic light scattering diagram of the obtained two-dimensional silicon nanosheets, and shows that the particle size distribution of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheets is relatively concentrated, and the average particle size is 260 nm.
Fig. 5 is a transmission electron micrograph of the resulting two-dimensional silicon nanosheets, showing the nanosheet structure of the material, which is typical of two-dimensional materials.
Fig. 6 is a high-resolution transmission electron microscope image of the obtained two-dimensional silicon nanosheet, showing that the material has a highly crystalline structure, but some amorphous structures can be observed at the outermost side of the nanosheet, indicating that the nanosheet contains a certain amount of oxygen.
FIG. 7 is a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the obtained two-dimensional silicon nanosheets, which corresponds to X-ray diffraction peaks of elemental silicon one to one.
Fig. 8 is an EDX diagram of the resulting two-dimensional silicon nanosheets, showing the presence of oxygen in the material.
Fig. 9 is a first charge-discharge curve of the obtained two-dimensional silicon nanosheet, showing that the first coulombic efficiency of the material is about 83.4%.
FIG. 10 is a cyclic charge-discharge curve of the obtained two-dimensional silicon nanosheet, and the capacity retention of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet is still 75% after 20 cycles of charge and discharge under 1000 mAh-1.
Example two
As shown in figure 1, ferrosilicon with a grain size of 50 meshes is placed in a 6M hydrochloric acid solution, etched for 10 hours at room temperature, separated and dried, then transferred to a jet mill, and milled for 3 hours at room temperature by taking argon as a gas source to obtain a micron silicon wafer with the size of 3-5 microns. 100g of micron silicon wafer is dispersed in 900g of ethanol (solid content is 10 wt%), then 0.1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone is added, and sanding is carried out at room temperature for 7h to obtain the oxygen-free two-dimensional silicon nanosheet with the size of 300nm and the thickness of 10 nm.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in figure 1, ferrosilicon with a grain size of 20 meshes is taken and placed in a 6M hydrochloric acid solution, etching is carried out for 10 hours at room temperature, the ferrosilicon is transferred to a jet mill after separation and drying, and the ferrosilicon is pulverized for 3 hours at room temperature by using compressed air as an air source to obtain a micron silicon wafer with the size of 5-10 microns. 100g of micron silicon wafer is dispersed in 900g of ethanol (solid content is 10 wt%), then 0.1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone is added, and sanding is carried out at room temperature for 7h to obtain the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet with the size of 600nm, the thickness of 10nm and the oxygen content of 16.3 wt%.
Example four
As shown in figure 1, ferrosilicon with a grain size of 50 meshes is taken and placed in a 6M hydrochloric acid solution, etched for 10 hours at room temperature, separated and dried, and then transferred to a jet mill, and pulverized for 10 hours at room temperature by using compressed air as an air source to obtain a micron silicon wafer with the size of 1-3 microns. 100g of micron silicon wafer is dispersed in 900g of ethanol (solid content is 10 wt%), then 0.1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone is added, and sanding is carried out at room temperature for 7h to obtain the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet with the size of 200nm, the thickness of 10nm and the oxygen content of 20.5 wt%.
EXAMPLE five
As shown in figure 1, ferrosilicon with a grain size of 50 meshes is taken and placed in a 6M hydrochloric acid solution, etching is carried out for 10 hours at room temperature, the ferrosilicon is transferred to a jet mill after separation and drying, and the ferrosilicon is pulverized for 3 hours at room temperature by using compressed air as an air source to obtain a micron silicon wafer with the size of 3-5 microns. 100g of micron silicon wafer is dispersed in 900g of ethanol (solid content is 10 wt%), then 0.1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone is added, and sanding is carried out at room temperature for 2h to obtain the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet with the size of 800nm, the thickness of 30nm and the oxygen content of 16.3 wt%.
EXAMPLE six
As shown in figure 1, ferrosilicon with a grain size of 50 meshes is taken and placed in a 6M hydrochloric acid solution, etching is carried out for 10 hours at room temperature, the ferrosilicon is transferred to a jet mill after separation and drying, and the ferrosilicon is pulverized for 3 hours at room temperature by using compressed air as an air source to obtain a micron silicon wafer with the size of 3-5 microns. 100g of micron silicon wafer is dispersed in 900g of acetonitrile (solid content is 10 wt%), then 0.1g of polyvinylpyrrolidone is added, and sanding is carried out at room temperature for 7h to obtain the oxygen-free two-dimensional silicon nanosheet with the size of 300nm and the thickness of 10 nm.
From the first to sixth embodiments, it can be known that the size, thickness and oxygen content of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet provided by the scheme are controllable, and the method is suitable for mass production with different requirements.
The performance of the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet prepared by the invention used as the lithium ion battery cathode is detected, and the following conclusion is obtained: the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet has excellent performance when used as a lithium ion battery cathode, and the capacity is still maintained by 75% after 20 times of circulation under the condition that the current density is 1000mA/g, which is far larger than the capacity maintenance of three-dimensional silicon nanoparticles with the same size. Therefore, the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet prepared by the scheme has outstanding characteristics and is suitable for popularization and application.
The above embodiments are merely some preferred embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various alternative modifications and combinations of the above embodiments based on the technical solution of the present invention and the related teaching of the above embodiments.
Claims (8)
1. A two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for a negative electrode of a lithium ion battery is characterized by being prepared according to the following method, and specifically comprising the following preparation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a proper silicon alloy, and etching the silicon alloy in an acid solution to obtain porous silicon;
step two: transferring the porous silicon obtained in the step one to a jet mill for crushing to obtain a micron silicon wafer;
step three: and D, dispersing the micron silicon wafer obtained in the step two in a solvent under the action of a dispersing agent, and then performing sanding treatment to obtain the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet of the lithium ion battery cathode.
2. The two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery as recited in claim 1, wherein the silicon alloy selected in the first step is any one or a combination of several of SiCu, SiFe, SiMn, SiTi, SiAl, SiMg, SiSn and SiSb, the content of silicon in the silicon alloy is 1-99%, and the average particle size of the silicon alloy is 50-1000 mesh.
3. The two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the acid solution used for etching in the first step is any one or a combination of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, the etching time is 2-120h, and the etching temperature is 20-80 ℃.
4. The two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein a gas source adopted by the jet mill in the second step is any one or a combination of several of nitrogen, argon, helium or compressed air, and the jet mill is used for milling for 1-24 hours.
5. The two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery as recited in claim 4, wherein the micrometer silicon wafer crushed by the jet mill has an average particle size of 1-500 μm and a thickness of 100-5000 nm.
6. The two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the solvent selected for sanding in the third step is any one or more of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, benzene, toluene, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, acetonitrile or dichloromethane;
the dispersing agent is one or a combination of more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxymethyl cellulose, tannic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or sodium pyrophosphate;
the solid content of the micron silicon wafer in the sanding treatment process is 1-50 wt%, and the content of the dispersing agent is 0.01-1 wt%.
7. The two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the sanding treatment in the third step is carried out at a temperature of 10-50 ℃ for 1-24 h.
8. The two-dimensional silicon nanosheet for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional silicon nanosheet obtained in step three has a size of 20-2000nm, a thickness of 1-500nm, and an oxygen content of 0-40 wt%.
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