CN115009485B - Underwater buoyancy adjusting system of glass pressure cover - Google Patents
Underwater buoyancy adjusting system of glass pressure cover Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115009485B CN115009485B CN202210602276.1A CN202210602276A CN115009485B CN 115009485 B CN115009485 B CN 115009485B CN 202210602276 A CN202210602276 A CN 202210602276A CN 115009485 B CN115009485 B CN 115009485B
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- pressure
- oil
- hydraulic oil
- oil tank
- glass
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010727 cylinder oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010729 system oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/14—Control of attitude or depth
- B63G8/22—Adjustment of buoyancy by water ballasting; Emptying equipment for ballast tanks
Abstract
The invention provides an underwater buoyancy regulating system of a glass pressure-resistant cover, which comprises an oil tank formed by two hemispherical hollow pressure-resistant covers which are integrated into a whole by butt joint of a connecting ring, wherein the lower part of an inner cavity of the oil tank is provided with a motor, an output shaft of the motor is connected with a hydraulic oil pump, an oil outlet of the hydraulic oil pump is communicated with an oil delivery pipe, and the oil delivery pipe is communicated with an oil bag arranged outside the oil tank after passing through the connecting ring; the oil tank is internally provided with a pressurizing mechanism which increases the pressure of the inner cavity of the oil tank so as to ensure that the oil suction end of the hydraulic oil pump maintains a certain pressure. The pressure-resistant cover can be internally provided with a plurality of superchargers for regulating the pressure of the oil tank for a plurality of times, and the pressure is relieved by opening the second electric stop valve when the submersible floats, so that the problem that the glass pressure-resistant cover cannot bear the internal pressure is effectively solved; and the glass pressure-resistant cover is transparent in material, and when a detection task is required to be executed, a camera can be installed in the pressure-resistant cover without considering the pressure resistance problem of the camera.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of diving equipment, in particular to an underwater buoyancy adjusting system of a glass pressure cover.
Background
Submersible and other underwater equipment are important equipment for scientific investigation and military exploration, which equipment needs to be deployed at different depths, and thus require the use of underwater buoyancy adjustment systems.
Most of the core elements of the existing buoyancy regulating system are not pressure-resistant, and a pressure-resistant cover is required to be used for sealing treatment, but the main titanium alloy pressure-resistant cover at present has high manufacturing cost, and although a glass pressure-resistant cover is adopted to replace the titanium alloy pressure-resistant cover in some cases, only the non-pressure-resistant element is arranged in the glass pressure-resistant cover, and an oil tank or a ballast water tank and the like are also required to be carried independently, so that the system is overlarge in volume, the oil tank and the glass pressure-resistant cover are also required to be fixedly connected, and the installation is troublesome.
The conventional underwater buoyancy regulating system, namely the oil bag type underwater buoyancy regulating system, is characterized in that hydraulic oil in an oil tank in a submersible is pumped into an oil bag outside the submersible through an oil pump to change the volume of the oil bag, so that the volume of the whole submersible system is increased, the total mass of the whole submersible system is unchanged, the submergence depth of the submersible is regulated, the inner oil tank is a closed oil tank, when the hydraulic oil pump in the inner oil tank pumps the hydraulic oil into the oil bag to improve buoyancy, the oil pressure in the inner oil tank is reduced, the problems of difficult oil pumping, even vacuum pumping and the like are caused, and the existing solutions for the phenomenon include a pre-filling method, a compressible oil tank air pump method, a sleeve cylinder piston oil tank method and the like.
The pre-pressurizing method is to pre-pressurize the inner oil tank of the diving apparatus before the diving apparatus works to raise the oil pressure. However, the method is only suitable for buoyancy regulating systems with smaller regulating capacity, and for systems with larger buoyancy regulating capacity, the pre-charging pressure is higher because of more oil to be pumped, which leads to the inlet pressure of the pump being too high in the beginning stage, thereby affecting the service life of the pump and even affecting the normal operation of the pump. And because the internal pressure bearing capacity of the internal oil tank is weak, the method is not suitable for an underwater buoyancy regulating system adopting the internal oil tank.
The method adopts a compressible oil tank or an oil tank with a piston, and utilizes the air pump to discharge high-pressure gas to compress the oil tank or push the piston in the oil tank, thereby improving the pressure in the oil tank. However, the method is only suitable for large-scale diving equipment, a large space is needed or a gas source is needed to provide sufficient gas, the air pump needs to be driven by a separate motor, the air pump and the motor occupy a certain space and consume more electric power, and as is well known, the electric energy of the diving equipment mainly comes from a storage battery pack of the diving equipment, so that the application range of the diving equipment is limited to a certain extent.
The method uses sleeve type multistage hydraulic cylinder to push piston, hydraulic pump pumps oil to multistage hydraulic cylinder in oil tank at the same time when the hydraulic pump pumps oil to outside oil bag, hydraulic cylinder is extended to push piston to increase oil tank pressure. The multi-stage hydraulic cylinders of this type of buoyancy adjustment system themselves require a certain amount of hydraulic oil, making the amount of hydraulic oil used for buoyancy adjustment smaller.
The air pump method of the compressible oil tank and the piston oil tank method of the sleeve cylinder are only applicable to cylinder oil tanks, but are not applicable to oil tank oil tanks or oil tanks with other elements in the oil tank.
In summary, the above method cannot well solve the problem of the pressure drop of the oil tank of the glass pressure-resistant cover oil bag type underwater buoyancy regulating system.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the invention, through the oil tank formed by the two hemispherical glass pressure-resistant covers, a plurality of superchargers are arranged in the oil tank, sodium azide is arranged in the superchargers, and nitrogen generated by thermally folding sodium carbide through the heating wires is used for pressurizing the air bags, so that the underwater buoyancy adjusting system of the glass pressure-resistant cover for supercharging oil is realized.
The invention adopts the following technical means: the pressure-resistant oil tank comprises two hemispherical hollow pressure-resistant covers which are integrated into a whole through a connecting ring, wherein an annular sealing gasket is filled at the contact part of the connecting ring and the pressure-resistant covers; the outer side of the connecting ring is provided with a hoop for fastening the two pressure-resistant covers; the lower part of the inner cavity of the oil tank is provided with a motor, an output shaft of the motor is connected with a hydraulic oil pump, an oil outlet of the hydraulic oil pump is communicated with an oil delivery pipe, and the oil delivery pipe passes through the adapter ring and then is communicated with an oil bag arranged outside the oil tank; the oil tank is internally provided with a pressurizing mechanism which increases the pressure of the inner cavity of the oil tank so as to ensure that the oil suction end of the hydraulic oil pump maintains a certain pressure; the power line of the motor passes through the adapter ring and is electrically connected with a controller arranged outside the oil tank.
Further, the pressurizing mechanism comprises a plurality of hollow spherical pressurizing units fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the pressure-resistant cover, and a plurality of heating wires are arranged in the inner cavity of the pressurizing units and are filled with sodium carbide; the upper part of the hydraulic oil is provided with a floating air bag, a one-way valve I is arranged in an air transmission pipe communicated with the air bag and the supercharger, and the one-way valve I can prevent gas in the air bag from reversely entering the supercharger; an electric stop valve II is arranged in the air bag, an air outlet of the electric stop valve II is communicated with an exhaust pipe, and an outlet of the exhaust pipe is arranged outside the pressure-resistant cover after the exhaust pipe passes through the adapter ring; and a power line of the second electric stop valve passes through the adapter ring and is electrically connected with a controller arranged outside the oil tank.
Further, a first pressure sensor is arranged in the air bag, a second pressure sensor is arranged on the outer side of the connecting ring, and when the sea water pressure is greater than the gas pressure in the air bag, the second electric stop valve is closed to prevent the sea water from flowing backwards; and power lines of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor pass through the adapter ring and are electrically connected with a controller arranged outside the oil tank.
Further, an oil filling hole for filling hydraulic oil into the pressure cover is formed in the side wall of the adapter ring, and a sealing plug is arranged at the oil filling hole.
Further, an electric stop valve I is communicated in an oil delivery pipe between the hydraulic oil pump and the oil bag through a bypass pipeline, a throttle valve is communicated with an outlet of the electric stop valve I through the oil delivery pipe, an oil outlet of the throttle valve is arranged in oil liquid of hydraulic oil, and a power line of the electric stop valve I penetrates through a connecting ring and is electrically connected with a controller arranged outside the oil tank.
Further, a check valve II for preventing hydraulic oil from flowing from the oil bag direction to the hydraulic oil pump is arranged in an oil delivery pipe between the electric stop valve I and the hydraulic oil pump.
Further, an electromagnetic overflow valve is arranged in an oil delivery pipe between the hydraulic oil pump and the second one-way valve, and a power line of the electromagnetic overflow valve passes through the adapter ring and is electrically connected with a controller arranged outside the oil tank.
Further, a hemispherical rubber disc is arranged between the center of the outer spherical surface of the pressure-resistant cover and the anchor ear.
Further, the outside of linking ring is equipped with the boss, be equipped with recess one on the boss, the recess one is arranged in to the one section of staple bolt, the fastening end joint of staple bolt is fastened behind linking ring.
Further, a filter capable of filtering impurities in hydraulic oil is communicated in a pipeline of the oil suction end of the hydraulic oil pump.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the adoption of the glass pressure-resistant cover saves the system cost compared with a titanium alloy pressure-resistant cover;
2. the glass pressure-resistant cover is used as a system oil tank, the independent carrying of the oil tank is not needed, the space of the glass pressure-resistant cover is fully utilized, and meanwhile, the pump valve element is immersed in hydraulic oil, so that the effects of lubrication, heat dissipation, rust prevention and the like can be achieved.
3. And the pressure sensors are arranged outside the air bag and the connecting ring, and the electric stop valve II in the air bag is opened only when the pressure in the high-pressure air bag is higher than the external pressure, so that the seawater is prevented from flowing backwards, and the air bag is prevented from being corroded.
4. The supercharger disclosed by the invention is small in volume, a plurality of oil tank pressures can be regulated for many times in the pressure-resistant cover, and the problem that the glass pressure-resistant cover cannot bear the internal pressure is effectively solved by opening the second electric stop valve to release pressure when the submersible floats upwards.
5. The air pipe communicated with the supercharger and the air bag is immersed in hydraulic oil, high-temperature air generated by the supercharger can be cooled to a proper temperature more quickly, and the air bag can be effectively prevented from being burnt by the high-temperature air.
6. Compared with the titanium alloy pressure-resistant cover, the glass pressure-resistant cover is transparent in material, and when a detection task is required to be executed, a camera can be installed in the pressure-resistant cover without considering the pressure resistance problem of the camera.
7. The anchor ear applies force on the glass pressure-resistant cover through the rubber disc, so that the contact area between the anchor ear and the glass pressure-resistant cover can be increased, the rubber disc is hemispherical, the spherical glass pressure-resistant cover can be better fixed, the hard contact is replaced by the soft contact, and the damage to the glass pressure-resistant cover is reduced;
8. one section of the anchor ear is arranged in a groove I arranged on the connecting ring, the fastening end of the anchor ear is clamped and fastened behind the connecting ring, and meanwhile, the anchor ear assists the two hemispherical glass pressure-resistant covers and the rubber disc arranged between the anchor ear in a cushioning mode, so that the anchor ear can tightly press the two pressure-resistant covers together under the condition that the anchor ear is not in direct contact with the pressure-resistant covers, the anchor ear and the pressure-resistant covers are prevented from falling off in sea water due to the effect of external force, and damage of the rigid anchor ear to the pressure-resistant covers is prevented.
For the above reasons, the present invention can be widely applied in the field of a submersible.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of the pressure shield of the present invention after assembly.
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of the adapter ring of FIG. 2.
Fig. 4 is a section A-A in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is an electrical schematic of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a filter; 2. a supercharger; 2.1, heating wires; 2.2, a filler port; 3. a first check valve; 4. a motor; 5. a hydraulic oil pump; 6. a second check valve; 7. an electric stop valve I; 8. an electric stop valve II; 9. a first pressure sensor; 10. an air bag; 11. a pressure-resistant cover; 12. an electromagnetic spill valve; 13. a throttle valve; 14. a linking ring; 14.1, a boss; 14.2, groove one; 14.3, oil filling holes; 14.4, groove two; 15. a sealing gasket; 16. hydraulic oil; 17; an oil bag; 18. a hoop; 19. a rubber plate; 20. a second pressure sensor; 21. a sealing plug; 22. and a controller.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
An underwater buoyancy regulating system of a glass pressure-resistant cover is shown in figure 1, and comprises two hemispherical hollow oil tanks which are connected into a whole through a connecting ring 14 and are formed by a pressure-resistant cover 11 made of transparent glass, wherein an annular sealing gasket 15 is arranged at the contact part of the connecting ring 14 and the pressure-resistant cover 11 in a cushioning manner; the outer sides of the connecting rings 14 are fastened with two pressure shields 11 by anchor ears 18; the side wall of the adapter ring 14 is provided with an oil filling hole 14.3, and the oil filling hole 14.3 is plugged by a sealing plug 21 after hydraulic oil 16 is filled into the inner cavity of the oil tank from the oil filling hole 14.3. The lower part of the inner cavity of the oil tank is provided with a motor 4, an output shaft of the motor 4 is connected with a hydraulic oil pump 5, an oil outlet of the hydraulic oil pump 5 is communicated with an oil delivery pipe, the oil delivery pipe passes through the adapter ring 14 and then is communicated with an oil bag 17 arranged outside the oil tank, and the contact part of the oil delivery pipe and the adapter ring 14 is required to be subjected to sealing treatment so as to prevent seawater from entering and hydraulic oil 16 from leaking; the motor 4 and the hydraulic oil pump 5 are both fixed in a pressure-resistant cover 11 in the lower part of the oil tank.
Two hollow superchargers 2 are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the pressure-resistant cover 11 at the lower part of the oil tank, and the installation position of the superchargers 2 is required to fully consider the stability of the device; the booster 2 can be spherical, and five electric heating wires 2.1 are arranged in the inner cavity of the booster 2 and are filled with sodium carbide; a floating air bag 10 is arranged at the upper part of the hydraulic oil 16, a one-way valve I3 is arranged in an air transmission pipe communicated with the air bag 10 and the booster 2, and the one-way valve I3 can prevent gas in the air bag 10 from reversely entering the booster 2; the air bag 10 is provided with a second electric stop valve 8, an air outlet of the second electric stop valve 8 is communicated with an exhaust pipe, an outlet of the exhaust pipe is arranged outside the pressure-resistant cover 11 after the exhaust pipe passes through the adapter ring 14, and a contact part of the exhaust pipe and the adapter ring 14 is required to be subjected to sealing treatment.
The first pressure sensor 9 is arranged in the air bag 10, the second pressure sensor 20 is arranged on the outer side of the adapter ring 14, and when the seawater pressure is higher than the gas pressure in the air bag 10, the second electric stop valve 8 is closed to prevent the seawater from flowing backwards; the second electric shutoff valve 8 can be opened as needed only when the pressure in the air bag 10 is greater than the seawater pressure.
As a preferred embodiment, the oil delivery pipe between the hydraulic oil pump 5 and the oil bag 17 is communicated with the inlet of the electric stop valve 7 through a bypass pipeline, the outlet of the electric stop valve 7 is communicated with the throttle valve 13 through the oil delivery pipe, and the oil outlet of the throttle valve 13 is directly arranged in the oil liquid of the hydraulic oil 16.
As a preferred embodiment, a check valve two 6 for preventing oil from flowing from the oil bag 17 to the hydraulic oil pump 5 is arranged in the oil delivery pipe between the electric stop valve one 7 and the hydraulic oil pump 5.
As a preferred embodiment, an electromagnetic relief valve 12 is installed in the oil delivery pipe between the hydraulic oil pump 5 and the second check valve 6.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a hemispherical rubber disc 19 is installed between the center of the outer spherical surface of the pressure-resistant cover 11 and the anchor ear 18, and the rubber disc 19 converts the hard contact between the anchor ear 18 and the pressure-resistant cover 11 into soft contact, so as to relieve the damage of the anchor ear 18 to the pressure-resistant cover 11.
As a preferred embodiment, the adapter ring 14 is a metal ring, as shown in fig. 3, the cross section of the metal ring is in a transverse i shape, two grooves 14.4 are symmetrically arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the middle of the i-shaped metal ring, the sealing gasket 15 is placed in the grooves 14.4, and the edges of the two pressure-proof covers 11 are abutted against the sealing gasket 15.
As a preferred embodiment, the pressure-resistant cover 11 may be made of transparent high borosilicate glass.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a boss 14.1 is disposed on the outer side of the connection ring 14, a groove one 14.2 is disposed on the boss 14.1, as shown in fig. 2, a part of the anchor ear 18 is disposed in the groove one 14.2, the fastening end of the anchor ear 18 is fastened after the connection ring 14, and meanwhile, the rubber disc 19 is used for assisting the two hemispherical glass pressure shields 11 and the anchor ear 18 to be cushioned, so that the anchor ear 18 tightly presses the two pressure shields 11 together without directly contacting the pressure shields 11, thereby avoiding the anchor ear 18 and the pressure shields 11 from falling off due to the external force in the sea water, and avoiding the damage of the rigid anchor ear 18 to the pressure shields 11.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the oil filling hole 14.3 is a screw hole, and a sealing screw may be used as the sealing plug 21, and the gap may be sealed with a sealant.
As a preferred embodiment, a filter 1 capable of filtering impurities in the hydraulic oil 16 is communicated with a pipeline at the oil suction end of the hydraulic oil pump 5.
As a preferred embodiment, the shell of the supercharger 2 is provided with a filling port 2.2, the filling port 2.2 is provided with a sealing cover, and when the sodium carbide is decomposed and consumed by heating, the sealing cover can be opened, and the metal sodium is taken out from the filling port 2.2 and added with the sodium carbide.
As shown in fig. 5, the electric heating wires 2.1, the motor 4, the electric stop valve 7, the electric stop valve 8, the pressure sensor 9, the electromagnetic overflow valve 12 and the pressure sensor 20 are electrically connected with the controller 22 in the submersible after passing through the adapter ring 14, the controller 22 is powered by a power supply arranged in the submersible, a plurality of various power supply wires are made into a wire harness, and watertight joints are required to be additionally arranged when the wire harness passes through the adapter ring 14 so as to prevent the filling of seawater and the leakage of hydraulic oil 16.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
when the diving device does not work or the diving depth is smaller than 200 meters, the pressure-resistant cover 11 is pressed on the metal ring under the action of the anchor ear 18 and the rubber disc 19, when the diving depth of the diving device is larger than 200 meters, the external seawater pressure is larger than the pressure of the hydraulic oil 16 in the pressure-resistant cover 11, and the glass pressure-resistant cover 11 is pressed on the connection under the action of the seawater pressure.
When the submersible needs to float upwards, the electromagnetic overflow valve 12 is opened, the motor 4 is started, hydraulic oil 16 in the inner cavity of the oil tank is discharged outwards through the oil delivery pipe under the action of the hydraulic oil pump 5, and because the pressure outside the oil tank is far greater than the pressure in the inner cavity of the oil tank at the moment, the rotating speed of the motor 4 is zero, and meanwhile, if the hydraulic oil pump 5 directly discharges oil to the oil bag 17, the very large resistance is encountered, the load of the motor 4 is very large, accordingly, the starting time of the motor 4 can be prolonged, and because the starting current of the motor 4 is generally seven times of the rated current, the service life of the motor 4 can be reduced under the condition of being unable to rotate in time, the motor 4 can be burnt down under the serious condition, so that the electromagnetic overflow valve 12 can be opened to enable the hydraulic oil 16 to circulate in the inner cavity of the oil tank at first when the motor 4 is started, and the motor 4 can be started under no load so that the motor 4 can quickly reach the rated rotating speed; at the same time, the electromagnetic relief valve 12 can also be opened in the event of a blockage in the line, in order to avoid damage to the hydraulic components or the motor 4 when the hydraulic system is at too high a pressure. When the motor 4 reaches the rated rotation speed, the electromagnetic overflow valve 12 is closed again, at the moment, the hydraulic oil 16 enters the oil bag 17 through the second check valve 6, the expansion volume of the oil bag 17 is increased, and the buoyancy of the submersible begins to rise. As the hydraulic oil 16 is discharged into the oil pocket 17, the pressure of the hydraulic oil 16 in the pressure-resistant housing 11 gradually decreases, and when the pressure of the hydraulic oil 16 in the pressure-resistant housing 11 approaches the lowest pressure of the inlet of the hydraulic oil pump 5, the hydraulic oil pump 5 can absorb oil with difficulty, and at this time, the internal pressure of the hydraulic oil 16 in the tank cavity needs to be increased to maintain the normal operation of the hydraulic oil pump 5.
When the internal pressure of the hydraulic oil 16 in the oil tank needs to be increased, the electric heating wire 2.1 in the supercharger 2 is electrified and heated under the control of the controller 22, sodium azide is heated and decomposed into nitrogen and solid sodium, the nitrogen is discharged into the inner cavity of the air bag 10 through the second check valve 6, the air bag 10 expands to squeeze oil, and the operation of the electric heating wire 2.1 is stopped when the oil pressure is increased to be within an allowable range of the oil absorption pressure of the hydraulic oil pump 5. In theory, 554ml of gas can be generated by heating 1g of sodium azide, and the pressurizing action can be completed by only a small amount of sodium azide, so that the pressurizing purpose can be realized by the pressurizer 2 with smaller weight and volume.
When the submersible floats to the final position, the internal pressure of the submersible is close to the external pressure, and as the pressure-resistant cover 11 cannot bear larger internal pressure, when the submersible floats to a certain depth or the submersible is in operation and water is required to be salvaged, the internal pressure of the pressure-resistant cover 11 is larger than the external pressure due to the reduction of the external seawater pressure, so that a part of pressure is required to be relieved. When the pressure is released, the second electric stop valve 8 is electrically opened, and the gas in the air bag 10 is discharged into the sea water through the second electric stop valve 8. When the submersible needs to be submerged again, the second electric stop valve 8 is powered off.
When the submersible needs to be submerged to reduce buoyancy, the first electric stop valve 7 is electrically opened, hydraulic oil 16 in the oil bag 17 flows back into the pressure-resistant cover 11 under the action of seawater pressure through the paths of the oil delivery pipe, the first electric stop valve 7 and the throttle valve 13, and the oil back flow speed is regulated by the opening degree of the throttle valve 13 so as to reduce the impact of the hydraulic oil on the pressure-resistant cover 11.
The invention can bear 6000 m deep sea water pressure, and the invention can be used as a buoyancy adjusting device for a submersible which works within 6000 m depth.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An underwater buoyancy adjusting system of a glass pressure cover is characterized in that: the sealing device comprises an oil tank which is formed by two hemispherical hollow pressure-resistant covers (11) made of glass and is integrated by butt joint of a connecting ring (14), wherein an annular sealing gasket (15) is filled at the contact position of the connecting ring (14) and the pressure-resistant covers (11); the outer side of the connecting ring (14) is provided with a hoop (18) for fastening the two pressure-resistant covers (11); the lower part of the inner cavity of the oil tank is provided with a motor (4), an output shaft of the motor (4) is connected with a hydraulic oil pump (5), an oil outlet of the hydraulic oil pump (5) is communicated with an oil delivery pipe, and the oil delivery pipe is communicated with an oil bag (17) arranged outside the oil tank after passing through a connecting ring (14); the oil tank is internally provided with a pressurizing mechanism which increases the pressure of the inner cavity of the oil tank so as to ensure that the oil suction end of the hydraulic oil pump (5) maintains a certain pressure; the power line of the motor (4) passes through the adapter ring (14) and is electrically connected with a controller (22) arranged outside the oil tank;
the pressurizing mechanism comprises a plurality of hollow spherical pressurizing units (2) fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the pressure-resistant cover (11), and a plurality of heating wires (2.1) are arranged in the inner cavity of each pressurizing unit (2) and are filled with sodium carbide; the upper part of the hydraulic oil (16) is provided with a floating air bag (10), a one-way valve I (3) is arranged in an air pipe communicated with the air bag (10) and the supercharger (2), and the one-way valve I (3) can prevent gas in the air bag (10) from reversely entering the supercharger (2); an electric stop valve II (8) is arranged in the air bag (10), an air outlet of the electric stop valve II (8) is communicated with an exhaust pipe, and an outlet of the exhaust pipe is arranged outside the pressure-resistant cover (11) after the exhaust pipe passes through the adapter ring (14); the power line of the second electric stop valve (8) passes through the adapter ring (14) and is electrically connected with a controller (22) arranged outside the oil tank.
2. The underwater buoyancy adjustment system of a glass pressure cap of claim 1, wherein: the air bag (10) is internally provided with a first pressure sensor (9), the outer side of the connecting ring (14) is provided with a second pressure sensor (20), and when the seawater pressure is higher than the gas pressure in the air bag (10), the second electric stop valve (8) is closed to prevent the seawater from flowing backwards; the power lines of the first pressure sensor (9) and the second pressure sensor (20) penetrate through the adapter ring (14) and are electrically connected with a controller (22) arranged outside the oil tank.
3. The underwater buoyancy adjustment system of a glass pressure cap of claim 1, wherein: an oil filling hole (14.3) for filling hydraulic oil (16) into the pressure-resistant cover (11) is formed in the side wall of the connecting ring (14), and a sealing plug (21) is arranged at the oil filling hole (14.3).
4. The underwater buoyancy adjustment system of a glass pressure cap of claim 1, wherein: an electric stop valve I (7) is communicated in an oil delivery pipe between the hydraulic oil pump (5) and the oil bag (17) through a bypass pipeline, a throttle valve (13) is communicated with an outlet of the electric stop valve I (7) through the oil delivery pipe, an oil outlet of the throttle valve (13) is arranged in oil liquid of hydraulic oil (16), and a power line of the electric stop valve I (7) passes through an adapter ring (14) and is electrically connected with a controller (22) arranged outside the oil tank.
5. The underwater buoyancy adjustment system of a glass pressure cap of claim 4, wherein: and a check valve II (6) for preventing hydraulic oil (16) from flowing from the direction of the oil bag (17) to the hydraulic oil pump (5) is arranged in an oil delivery pipe between the electric stop valve I (7) and the hydraulic oil pump (5).
6. The underwater buoyancy adjustment system of a glass pressure cap of claim 5, wherein: an electromagnetic overflow valve (12) is arranged in an oil delivery pipe between the hydraulic oil pump (5) and the second one-way valve (6), and a power line of the electromagnetic overflow valve (12) passes through the adapter ring (14) and is electrically connected with a controller (22) arranged outside the oil tank.
7. The underwater buoyancy adjustment system of a glass pressure cap of claim 1, wherein: a hemispherical rubber disc (19) is arranged between the center of the outer spherical surface of the pressure-resistant cover (11) and the anchor ear (18).
8. The underwater buoyancy adjustment system of a glass pressure cap of claim 7, wherein: the outer side of the connecting ring (14) is provided with a boss (14.1), the boss (14.1) is provided with a groove I (14.2), one section of the anchor ear (18) is arranged in the groove I (14.2), and the fastening end of the anchor ear (18) is fastened after the connecting ring (14).
9. The underwater buoyancy adjustment system of a glass pressure cap of claim 1, wherein: a filter (1) capable of filtering impurities in the hydraulic oil (16) is communicated in a pipeline at the oil suction end of the hydraulic oil pump (5).
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| CN202210602276.1A CN115009485B (en) | 2022-05-30 | 2022-05-30 | Underwater buoyancy adjusting system of glass pressure cover |
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