CN115007617A - Method for reforming solid waste multiphase resources - Google Patents
Method for reforming solid waste multiphase resources Download PDFInfo
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- CN115007617A CN115007617A CN202210422301.8A CN202210422301A CN115007617A CN 115007617 A CN115007617 A CN 115007617A CN 202210422301 A CN202210422301 A CN 202210422301A CN 115007617 A CN115007617 A CN 115007617A
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- synthesis gas
- solid waste
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
The invention provides a method for reforming solid waste multiphase resources, which comprises the following steps: (1) the solid waste pyrolysis carbonization and gasification process comprises the following steps: the solid waste is pyrolyzed and carbonized in advance and then gasified in a gasification furnace, so that volatile matters in the solid waste become synthesis gas in a high-temperature state, and inorganic matters in the solid waste are melted at high temperature and then discharged out of the gasification furnace; (2) a waste heat utilization procedure: carrying out heat exchange on the high-temperature synthesis gas and air to form high-temperature air waste heat and medium-temperature air waste heat, then using the high-temperature air waste heat for pyrolysis carbonization of solid wastes, and using the medium-temperature air waste heat for a dry desulfurization process; (3) a step of recycling the heat-exchanged synthesis gas: the synthesis gas after heat exchange is quenched to obtain a quenched synthesis gas and a precipitate-containing liquid, and the quenched synthesis gas and the precipitate-containing liquid are recovered and utilized, respectively. The method of the invention is economical and environment-friendly, has wide solid waste application range and stronger practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of waste disposal, and particularly relates to a method for reforming solid waste multiphase resources.
Background
In the process of solid waste treatment, it is a substance migration process. In the solid waste migration process, pollution migration is easy to generate. The original relatively stable pollution state becomes larger in pollution area and the pollutants cannot be recycled. Therefore, there is a need for a highly integrated new process that can control the migration of contaminants while converting otherwise hazardous materials into resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for reforming solid waste multiphase resources, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the solid waste pyrolysis carbonization and gasification process comprises the following steps: after the solid waste is pyrolyzed and carbonized in advance in an external heating feeding channel, gasifying the solid waste in a gasification furnace to ensure that volatile matters in the solid waste become synthesis gas in a high-temperature state, and inorganic matters in the solid waste are melted at high temperature and then discharged out of the gasification furnace;
(2) a waste heat utilization process including: carrying out heat exchange on the high-temperature synthesis gas and air in a converter to form high-temperature air waste heat and medium-temperature air waste heat, then using the high-temperature air waste heat for pyrolysis and carbonization of solid waste, and using the medium-temperature air waste heat for a dry desulfurization process;
(3) a process for recovering and utilizing a synthesis gas having undergone heat exchange, comprising: the synthesis gas after heat exchange is quenched to obtain a quenched synthesis gas and a precipitate-containing liquid, and the quenched synthesis gas and the precipitate-containing liquid are recovered and utilized, respectively.
The invention combines the functional advantages of a plurality of subsystems, so that the subsystems have good compatibility. The method can prevent secondary pollution and migration in the solid waste disposal process by means of a waste heat utilization process, a cooperative disposal process (namely, a process of recycling the liquid containing the sediment), by-product recycling (including recycling of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, calcium sulfate, salt, heavy metal and the like), energy complementation (namely, a process of recycling the synthesis gas after quenching) and the like.
Specifically, the operation cost of the whole process can be reduced through a waste heat utilization process; as shown in fig. 1, the process can be rendered venous circulatory by a co-treatment procedure. By using the by-products as new resource products, the process economics are improved. By energy complementation, the calcium carbonate generated in the carbon monoxide adsorption tower can be used in the dry desulfurization process, and the operation cost of the whole process can be reduced. Meanwhile, through the combination of multiple sub-processes, energy balance and material balance are achieved, and the process has good compatibility and reliability.
In addition, the method provided by the invention has the advantages of economy and environmental protection, can be used for treating organic solid wastes such as domestic garbage, industrial solid wastes and the like, and has wide solid waste application range and stronger practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for reforming solid waste multiphase resources.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1.
The invention provides a method for reforming solid waste multiphase resources, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the solid waste pyrolysis carbonization and gasification process comprises the following steps: after the solid waste is pyrolyzed and carbonized in advance in an external heating feeding channel, gasifying the solid waste in a gasification furnace to ensure that volatile matters in the solid waste become synthesis gas in a high-temperature state, and inorganic matters in the solid waste are melted at high temperature and then discharged out of the gasification furnace;
(2) a waste heat utilization process including: carrying out heat exchange on the high-temperature synthesis gas and air in a converter to form high-temperature air waste heat and medium-temperature air waste heat, then using the high-temperature air waste heat for pyrolysis and carbonization of solid waste, and using the medium-temperature air waste heat for a dry desulfurization process;
(3) a process for recycling a heat-exchanged synthesis gas, comprising: the synthesis gas after heat exchange is quenched to obtain a quenched synthesis gas and a precipitate-containing liquid, and the quenched synthesis gas and the precipitate-containing liquid are recovered and utilized, respectively.
In the step (1), the solid waste material is pyrolyzed and carbonized in advance in a mode of externally heating the feeding channel, so that the subsequent high-temperature gasification in the gasification furnace has a more homogeneous material state, and the overall treatment efficiency and capacity are improved. The material after pyrolysis and carbonization enters a gasification furnace to be gasified at the high temperature of 1500-1700 ℃, the residual inorganic substance is melted at the high temperature and is discharged out of the furnace to be cooled to form glassy particles. Volatile matters in the materials in the pyrolysis carbonization and high-temperature gasification processes are reduced into synthesis gas with a certain calorific value in a high-temperature oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient environment.
In the step (2), the synthesis gas still has the high temperature of 1100-1300 ℃ after being discharged from the gasification furnace, and the waste heat is recovered through the ceramic heat exchanger. Two heat exchange modules are arranged in the heat exchanger and respectively exchange heat for high-temperature air waste heat at 800 ℃ and medium-temperature air waste heat at 400 ℃ at 300 ℃. The high-temperature air waste heat is used as an energy source of an external heating feed channel at the front end of the system, and the medium-temperature waste heat at the temperature of 300-400 ℃ is still used as an energy source of a subsequent evaporation system after external heating. In addition, the intermediate-temperature air waste heat is used for the subsequent dry desulphurization process. In the invention, the temperature of the high-temperature synthesis gas, the residual heat of the high-temperature air, the residual heat of the medium-temperature air and the residual heat of the medium-temperature air are not particularly limited, and can be adjusted according to the specific situation of solid waste.
In the step (3), the quenched synthesis gas has high humidity, and can be used for a dry desulfurization process after gas-water separation. Specifically, the step of recycling the quenched synthesis gas includes: and carrying out gas-water separation on the quenched synthesis gas, then respectively injecting gas and water into a carbon monoxide adsorption tower, simultaneously reacting the gas and the water with calcium hydroxide injected into the carbon monoxide adsorption tower to generate calcium carbonate, and then using the calcium carbonate and the synthesis gas reacted in the carbon monoxide adsorption tower in the dry desulfurization process.
In the present invention, the temperature required in the dry desulfurization step is supplied by the residual heat of the medium-temperature air at the front end, and calcium carbonate as a desulfurizing agent is used to form calcium sulfate. Specifically, the dry desulfurization process comprises: and generating calcium sulfate for later use under the action of calcium carbonate serving as a desulfurizing agent and the synthesis gas after reaction in the carbon monoxide adsorption tower by utilizing the waste heat of the medium-temperature air. Calcium sulfate is used as a widely used industrial raw material, and the raw material cost of energy consumption generated by desulfurization is filled under the conditions of effectively utilizing waste heat and facilitating product sale.
In addition, after the synthesis gas is purified by a dry desulfurization process, the density difference of component gases in the synthesis gas is utilized to perform pressure swing adsorption, and carbon monoxide and hydrogen are separated. Carbon monoxide can be used to generate electricity and hydrogen for other uses. Specifically, the method for reforming the solid waste multiphase resource provided by the invention further comprises the following steps: and carrying out pressure swing adsorption on the purified synthesis gas subjected to the dry desulfurization process to separate carbon monoxide and hydrogen for later use.
In the step (3), the step of recycling the precipitate-containing liquid includes: filtering the liquid containing the precipitate, recovering the solid filtrate obtained by filtering, returning the solid filtrate to the gasification furnace for gasification, and recovering the filtrate obtained by filtering and using the filtrate for cooling water, thereby forming venous circulation.
The step of recycling the precipitate-containing liquid further includes: injecting the filtrate into a spray water tank for the quenching. Wherein the quenching is carried out by spray quenching, preferably by: and taking spray liquid from the spray water tank by using a spray gun, and spraying the synthesis gas subjected to heat exchange. Through rapid cooling, the harmful substances in the synthesis gas can be prevented from being secondarily synthesized in the process of slowly cooling the synthesis gas.
In addition, in order to ensure that acid gas, nitrate and particulate matters in the synthesis gas are removed in advance, the spraying liquid is alkaline spraying liquid, and a small amount of alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide can be added into the spraying liquid according to the requirement of the pH value of the spraying liquid. Wherein most of the acid gas in the synthesis gas is completely decomposed by high temperature in the gasification furnace; in the method, the solid wastes react in an oxygen-free environment, the generated nitrate is very little compared with the direct incineration, and the acid can be neutralized by adding the alkaline agent into the spray liquid, so that the denitration effect can be achieved; the particulate matter is recycled by filtration as described above.
Preferably, quality monitoring is carried out on the spraying liquid in the spraying water pool, and after the harmful substances in the spraying water pool exceed the standard, the liquid in the spraying water pool is transferred into a concentration pool for post-treatment; in order to prevent the harmful substances in the spraying water tank from exceeding the standard, the spraying liquid in the spraying water tank is preferably gradually transferred into a concentration tank, and then clear water is supplemented into the spraying water tank so as to keep the spraying requirement for quenching.
In addition, the method for reforming the solid waste multiphase resource provided by the invention also comprises the following steps: and injecting the leachate in the solid waste into the concentration tank for post-treatment.
In the invention, an electrochemical device is arranged in the concentration tank, and heavy metal in the concentrated solution is extracted through the inserted polar plate. Specifically, the post-processing includes: and extracting the heavy metal in the concentration tank for later use by utilizing an electrochemical device in the concentration tank.
The post-processing further comprises: evaporating the concentrated solution from which the heavy metal is extracted by an MVR evaporation system to remove the solvent, and recovering the residual solid salt for later use.
The energy consumption of the evaporation system is high, and as mentioned above, the medium-temperature waste heat at the front end is recovered to be used as the heat energy required by the evaporation system. Specifically, the method for reforming the solid waste multiphase resource provided by the invention further comprises the following steps: and the intermediate-temperature waste heat formed by supplying the high-temperature air waste heat to the external heating feeding channel is used for the MVR evaporation system. The temperature of the intermediate-temperature waste heat is 300-400 ℃.
In the invention, the whole process is reasonable in collocation and does not generate secondary emission. Due to the anaerobic pyrolysis and the high-temperature gasification of pure oxygen, the synthesis gas has higher utilization value, less smoke and simple tail gas evolution. The energy consumption of gasification and melting is high, but the rest heat is recovered to provide external energy for the advanced pyrolysis and carbonization of materials. The intermediate-temperature waste heat after external heating is supplied to the MVR evaporation system to provide heat energy, so that the evaporation process which originally needs high energy consumption does not need to consume extra energy consumption. And the waste heat is utilized for a dry desulfurization process, so that the desulfurization cost is reduced. And filtering particulate matters generated in the flue gas washing process, and melting the filtered matters into glass particles again. The spraying liquid is recycled, and enters a concentration tank after exceeding the standard. Heavy metals in the waste liquid are extracted in an electrochemical mode, and the residual waste liquid is evaporated to extract industrial salt.
The invention deeply extracts the resources contained in the materials which are solid wastes and cause harmful influence on the environment through an advanced combination process. And converting the carbon and hydrogen in the solid waste into clean synthesis gas, and further converting the clean synthesis gas into electric energy and hydrogen energy. The slag is gradually melted at a high temperature of more than 1600 ℃ and cooled to form the glass particles. The solid harmful substances are solidified in crystal lattices of the slag, and the glass state accords with the national standard and can be used as a building auxiliary material. Sulfur dioxide is absorbed by a desulfurizer, and calcium sulfide is obtained as an industrial raw material for later use. Extracting heavy metal in the spraying waste liquid through an electrochemical device to obtain high-purity heavy metal serving as an industrial raw material for later use. By an evaporation process, salt generated by deacidifying the concentrated solution of the spray solution is evaporated and extracted to be used as an industrial raw material for later use. The whole process converts pollutants generated by solid waste disposal into available high-quality resources, and the whole system is in venous circulation and is environment-friendly.
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
Examples
Example 1
This example is used to illustrate the method for reforming solid waste multiphase resources provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, and includes the following steps:
1. and (3) moving the solid waste into a bin, allowing leachate in the solid waste to enter a concentration tank, and allowing the solid part to enter an external heating feeding channel.
2. The solid waste pyrolysis carbonization and gasification process comprises the following steps: after the solid waste is pyrolyzed and carbonized in advance in an external heating feeding channel, the solid waste is gasified at a high temperature of 1600 ℃ in a gasification furnace, so that volatile matters in the solid waste become synthesis gas in a high-temperature state, inorganic matters in the solid waste are melted at a high temperature and then discharged out of the furnace for cooling, and glassy state particles are formed.
3. A waste heat utilization procedure: carrying out heat exchange between the high-temperature synthesis gas still having a temperature of 1200 ℃ after being discharged from the gasification furnace and air in a ceramic converter to form high-temperature air waste heat of 700 ℃ and medium-temperature air waste heat of 350 ℃, then using the high-temperature air waste heat as an energy source of an external heating feeding channel at the front end of the system, and using the medium-temperature waste heat of 300-400 ℃ after being externally heated as an energy source of a subsequent evaporation system; and the intermediate temperature air waste heat is used for a dry desulphurization process.
4. A step of recovering and utilizing the heat-exchanged synthesis gas: and taking the spray liquid from the spray water tank by using a spray gun, spraying the synthesis gas subjected to heat exchange, quenching the synthesis gas subjected to heat exchange to obtain quenched synthesis gas and precipitate-containing liquid, and respectively recycling the quenched synthesis gas and the precipitate-containing liquid.
5-1, a step of recycling the quenched synthesis gas: and carrying out gas-water separation on the quenched synthesis gas, then respectively injecting gas and water into a carbon monoxide adsorption tower, simultaneously reacting the gas and the water with calcium hydroxide injected into the carbon monoxide adsorption tower to generate calcium carbonate, and then using the calcium carbonate and the synthesis gas reacted in the carbon monoxide adsorption tower in the dry desulfurization process.
The dry desulfurization process comprises the following steps: and (3) generating calcium sulfate for later use under the action of the generated calcium carbonate serving as a desulfurizer and the synthesis gas after reaction in the carbon monoxide adsorption tower by utilizing the waste heat of the medium-temperature air.
And then, performing pressure swing adsorption on the purified synthesis gas subjected to the dry desulfurization process by utilizing the density difference of component gases in the synthesis gas, and separating carbon monoxide and hydrogen for later use.
5-2, performing the step of recycling the precipitate-containing liquid simultaneously with the step 5-1: filtering the liquid containing the precipitate, recovering the solid filtrate obtained by filtering, returning the solid filtrate to the gasification furnace for gasification, and recovering the filtrate obtained by filtering and using the filtrate for cooling water, thereby forming venous circulation.
The quality of the spray liquid in the spray water tank is monitored, in order to prevent the harmful substances in the spray water tank from exceeding the standard, the spray liquid in the spray water tank is gradually transferred into a concentration tank, and then clear water is supplemented into the spray water tank so as to keep the spray requirement for quenching.
Then, an electrochemical device in a concentration tank is utilized to extract heavy metals in the concentration tank for later use.
And then evaporating the concentrated solution from which the heavy metals are extracted by an MVR evaporation system to remove the solvent, and recovering the residual solid industrial salt for later use.
Experiments of the inventor prove that the resource reforming method is used for reforming solid waste multiphase resources, taking 1000kg of household garbage as an example, and 150kg of glass particles and 150m of glass particles can be finally recovered 3 350m of carbon monoxide 3 45kg of calcium sulphate, 2.3kg of industrial salt, 0.33kg of high-purity heavy metals.
Therefore, the method for reforming the solid-waste multiphase resource provided by the invention does not generate secondary pollution, can change waste into valuable, generates greater economic benefit and has practicability.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reforming solid waste multiphase resources is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the solid waste pyrolysis carbonization and gasification process comprises the following steps: pyrolyzing and carbonizing solid waste in an external heating feed channel in advance, and gasifying the solid waste in a gasification furnace to ensure that volatile matters in the solid waste become synthesis gas in a high-temperature state, and discharging inorganic matters in the solid waste after being melted at high temperature to the outside of the gasification furnace;
(2) a waste heat utilization process including: carrying out heat exchange on the high-temperature synthesis gas and air in a converter to form high-temperature air waste heat and medium-temperature air waste heat, then using the high-temperature air waste heat for pyrolysis and carbonization of solid waste, and using the medium-temperature air waste heat for a dry desulfurization process;
(3) a process for recycling a heat-exchanged synthesis gas, comprising: the synthesis gas after heat exchange is quenched to obtain a quenched synthesis gas and a precipitate-containing liquid, and the quenched synthesis gas and the precipitate-containing liquid are recovered and utilized, respectively.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (3),
the step of recycling the quenched synthesis gas comprises: and carrying out gas-water separation on the quenched synthesis gas, then respectively injecting gas and water into a carbon monoxide adsorption tower, simultaneously reacting the gas and the water with calcium hydroxide injected into the carbon monoxide adsorption tower to generate calcium carbonate, and then using the calcium carbonate and the synthesis gas reacted in the carbon monoxide adsorption tower in the dry desulfurization process.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) of recycling the precipitate-containing liquid includes: filtering the liquid containing the precipitate, recovering the solid filtrate obtained by filtering, returning the solid filtrate to the gasification furnace for gasification, and recovering the filtrate obtained by filtering and using the filtrate for cooling water, thereby forming venous circulation.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
the dry desulfurization process comprises the following steps: calcium sulfate is generated for standby under the action of calcium carbonate used as a desulfurizer and synthesis gas after reaction in a carbon monoxide adsorption tower by using the waste heat of the medium-temperature air.
The method for reforming the solid waste multiphase resource further comprises the following steps: and carrying out pressure swing adsorption on the purified synthesis gas subjected to the dry desulfurization process to separate carbon monoxide and hydrogen for later use.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of recycling the precipitate-containing liquid further comprises: injecting the filtrate into a spray tank for said quenching;
preferably, when the harmful substances in the spraying water pool exceed the standard, transferring the liquid in the spraying water pool into a concentration pool for post-treatment;
more preferably, the liquid in the spraying water tank is gradually transferred into a concentration tank, and then clear water is supplemented into the spraying water tank so as to maintain the spraying requirement for quenching.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the quenching is performed by spray quenching; preferably, the quenching is carried out by: and taking spray liquid from the spray water tank by using a spray gun, and spraying the synthesis gas subjected to heat exchange.
7. The method of claim 5, further comprising: and injecting leachate in the solid waste into the concentration tank for post-treatment.
8. The method according to claim 5 or 7, wherein the post-processing comprises: and extracting the heavy metal in the concentration tank for later use by utilizing an electrochemical device in the concentration tank.
9. The method of claim 5 or 7, wherein the post-processing further comprises: evaporating the concentrated solution from which the heavy metal is extracted by an MVR evaporation system to remove the solvent, and recovering the residual solid salt for later use.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: and the intermediate-temperature waste heat from the high-temperature air waste heat supplied to the external heating feeding channel is used for the MVR evaporation system.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1537668A (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-20 | 武汉凯迪电力股份有限公司 | Multiple reaction integrated process for desulfuizing from fume by dry method and its system |
| CN101468789A (en) * | 2008-08-03 | 2009-07-01 | 周开根 | Domestic garbage transformation technique, system and apparatus without conventional fuel for combustion supporting |
| CN112961695A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-06-15 | 童铨 | Solid waste anaerobic pyrolysis and high-temperature melting treatment process and system |
| CN114308993A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-12 | 童铨 | Zero-carbon recycling process for treating flue gas by using solid waste |
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- 2022-04-21 CN CN202210422301.8A patent/CN115007617A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1537668A (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-20 | 武汉凯迪电力股份有限公司 | Multiple reaction integrated process for desulfuizing from fume by dry method and its system |
| CN101468789A (en) * | 2008-08-03 | 2009-07-01 | 周开根 | Domestic garbage transformation technique, system and apparatus without conventional fuel for combustion supporting |
| CN112961695A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-06-15 | 童铨 | Solid waste anaerobic pyrolysis and high-temperature melting treatment process and system |
| CN114308993A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-12 | 童铨 | Zero-carbon recycling process for treating flue gas by using solid waste |
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