CN115007594A - Fermentation treatment process for kitchen waste - Google Patents
Fermentation treatment process for kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN115007594A CN115007594A CN202210488392.5A CN202210488392A CN115007594A CN 115007594 A CN115007594 A CN 115007594A CN 202210488392 A CN202210488392 A CN 202210488392A CN 115007594 A CN115007594 A CN 115007594A
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001046 Nanocellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007952 growth promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate Chemical group CC(O)COC(=O)C(C)=C VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019476 oil-water mixture Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DJLHXXNSHHGFLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CNC.CCOC(=O)C(C)=C DJLHXXNSHHGFLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0006—Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/021—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/28—Polymers of vinyl aromatic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/40—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/44—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/26-B01D71/42
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/02—Hydrophilization
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/04—Hydrophobization
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/26—Spraying processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/70—Kitchen refuse; Food waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The invention provides a fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste, belonging to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, and comprising the following steps of: (1) preprocessing, namely sequentially carrying out impurity removal processing and crushing and refining on the collected kitchen waste; (2) pretreatment; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed and refined kitchen waste, washing solid residues with water for desalination, combining waste liquid and washing liquid, and carrying out oil-water separation through an oil-water separation membrane; (3) anaerobic fermentation is carried out on kitchen wastewater through an anaerobic generator, the upper layer wastewater is merged into an urban sewage pipe network for treatment, the lower layer biogas residue and the solid residue are combined into a fermentation raw material, the fermentation raw material is put into a fermentation reactor, and a composite zymophyte preparation and a growth promoting agent are added according to a certain proportion for aerobic fermentation; the invention realizes the reduction, harmless and recycling treatment of the kitchen waste and improves the efficiency of the kitchen waste treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste.
Background
The kitchen waste refers to food waste and food residues in families, schools, public dining halls of institutions and catering industries, is a main component of municipal domestic waste, has the characteristics of large water content, high organic matter content, high oil content and salt content, rich nutrient elements and the like compared with other waste, and has great recycling value.
In daily life, residents usually mix kitchen waste into household waste and send the household waste to a waste collection point through plastic bags, so that the components and characteristics of the urban household waste are changed. In the processes of storing, collecting, transporting and landfill of the kitchen waste, because the water content and the organic matter content are high, the kitchen waste is easy to rot and smell in a short time and breed mosquitoes, flies and the like, and the surrounding environment is greatly polluted. In addition, the disposal method of the municipal refuse usually comprises incineration and landfill, if the municipal domestic refuse is incinerated, because the water content of the kitchen refuse is usually as high as about 90%, the calorific value is 2100-3100 kJ/kg, and the kitchen refuse and other refuse are incinerated together, the requirement of the calorific value of the refuse incineration power generation (namely more than 5000 kJ/kg) cannot be met, but the incinerator can be caused to burn insufficiently to generate dioxin; in addition, a large amount of organic matters are wasted due to incineration and landfill, so that the kitchen waste needs to be separately treated.
The kitchen waste contains a large amount of organic matters, and can be degraded into organic fertilizers by utilizing the metabolism of microorganisms, but the high-salt and high-oil environment not only causes low fermentation efficiency, but also causes high salt content and high grease content of products, which easily causes soil hardening and even damages plants; although the kitchen waste is subjected to solid-liquid separation, part of grease and salt can be removed, a large amount of waste water pollution can be caused, a large amount of available organic matters can be lost, the emulsification stability of the kitchen waste is promoted by abundant organic components in the waste water, and the treatment of an oil-water mixture is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a fermentation treatment process for kitchen waste.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of
Removing impurities from the collected kitchen waste, picking out non-degradable impurities including plastics and metals from the kitchen waste, and crushing and refining the kitchen waste after impurity removal;
(2) pretreatment
Carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed and refined kitchen waste to obtain solid slag and waste liquid, carrying out washing desalination treatment on the solid slag to dilute salt, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted solid slag and washing liquid, and combining the washing liquid and the waste liquid to obtain a water-oil mixture; carrying out oil-water separation on the water-oil mixture through an oil-water separation membrane to respectively obtain recovered grease and kitchen wastewater;
(3) fermentation treatment
Carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the kitchen wastewater through an anaerobic generator to obtain upper-layer wastewater and lower-layer biogas residues, wherein the upper-layer wastewater is merged into an urban sewage pipe network for treatment; and combining the lower layer biogas residues and the solid residues into a fermentation raw material, putting the fermentation raw material into a fermentation reactor, adding a composite zymocyte preparation and a growth promoter according to a certain ratio, performing aerobic fermentation under the conditions of ventilation and timely stirring, and preparing a fermentation product after the fermentation is finished.
Preferably, the preparation method of the oil-water separation membrane comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively weighing styrene and polyvinylpyrrolidone, dissolving the styrene and the polyvinylpyrrolidone in an alcohol solvent, adding an initiator in a nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the temperature and stirring at 60-70 ℃ for reaction for 6-8h, separating insoluble substances after the reaction is finished, washing, drying to obtain polystyrene microspheres, dispersing the polystyrene microspheres in the alcohol solution with the concentration of more than 90% according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1-2g/L, adding aminosilane, stirring at normal temperature for reaction for 1-2h, separating precipitates, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in sequence, and dispersing in the deionized water according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1-2g/L to obtain a solution A;
wherein the mass ratio of the styrene to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the initiator is (8.5-8.8) to 1 (0.05-0.06);
s2, respectively weighing carbon nanotubes and nano cellulose fibers, dispersing the carbon nanotubes and the nano cellulose fibers in an ethanol/water mixed solution, adding the solution A while stirring, fully mixing to obtain a solution B, and then performing suction filtration on the solution B on a substrate by using a hydrophilic cellulose ester film as the substrate to obtain a first film;
the mass ratio of the carbon nano tubes to the polystyrene microspheres to the nano cellulose fibers in the solution B is (3-4): (2-4): (0.5-1); the flour quality of the suction filtration layer obtained by suction filtration is 2-5g/m 2 ；
S3, weighing hydrophilic methacrylate monomers, dissolving the hydrophilic methacrylate monomers in dimethylformamide, adding an initiator, fully mixing and stirring, spraying the mixture on a hot filtration surface of the first film, keeping the temperature for reaction for 1-2h, sequentially rinsing the film with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and drying the film to obtain the oil-water separation film;
the hydrophilic methacrylic acid monomer is 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and the spraying amount of the hydrophilic methacrylic acid monomer on the first film is 5-12g/m 2 。
Preferably, the composite zymocyte preparation comprises bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger.
Preferably, the number ratio of viable bacteria of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger in the composite fermentation bacteria preparation is 1: (1.2-2.6): (1.4-3.0): (0.8-1.4): (0.4-1).
Preferably, the growth promoter is a porous inert carrier material.
Preferably, the growth promoter is a porous carbon material.
Preferably, the mixing mass ratio of the fermentation raw material to the composite zymocyte preparation to the growth promoter is 1000: (2-5): (5-10).
Preferably, the water content of the fermentation raw material is 20-40%, and the initial temperature is above 25 ℃.
Preferably, the fermentation time of the aerobic fermentation is 15 to 30 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through carrying out desalination treatment and solid-liquid separation on the kitchen waste, separating an oil-water mixture by using an oil-water separation membrane, and then respectively carrying out fermentation treatment on the kitchen waste water and solid residues, the kitchen waste is subjected to reduction, harmless and recycling treatment, and the efficiency of kitchen waste treatment is improved; the fermentation treatment product can be used for preparing organic fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer applied to agricultural production or landscaping, the recovered grease can be used for preparing biodiesel, soap and mineral flotation agent, and the treated wastewater can be merged into an urban sewage pipe network for treatment, so that the purposes of energy conservation, environmental protection and reasonable resource utilization are achieved.
The kitchen waste contains rich organic matters, so that waste liquid obtained by solid-liquid separation forms a stable emulsification system and is difficult to separate through liquid separation, the existing oil-water separation membrane has low separation efficiency, the solid-liquid contact surface is easy to be polluted and adhered by an oil phase, and the separation efficiency is further reduced. The oil repellency of the surface hydrophilic layer enables the oil phase not to be wetted or adhered on the surface, so that efficient oil-water separation is achieved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of
Removing impurities from the collected kitchen waste, picking out non-degradable impurities including plastics and metals from the kitchen waste, and crushing and refining the kitchen waste after impurity removal;
(2) pretreatment
Carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed and refined kitchen waste to obtain solid slag and waste liquid, carrying out washing desalination treatment on the solid slag to dilute salt, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted solid slag and washing liquid, and combining the washing liquid and the waste liquid to obtain a water-oil mixture; carrying out oil-water separation on the water-oil mixture through an oil-water separation membrane to respectively obtain recovered grease and kitchen wastewater;
(3) fermentation treatment
Carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the kitchen wastewater through an anaerobic generator to obtain upper-layer wastewater and lower-layer biogas residues, wherein the upper-layer wastewater is merged into an urban sewage pipe network for treatment; combining the lower layer biogas residues and the solid residues into a fermentation raw material, putting the fermentation raw material into a fermentation reactor, adjusting the water content to be 20-40%, adding a composite zymocyte preparation and a growth promoter according to the proportion, setting the initial temperature to be more than 25 ℃, performing aerobic fermentation under the condition of ventilation and stirring once every 10h, and preparing a fermentation product after the fermentation is finished;
the growth promoter is powdered activated carbon; the mixing mass ratio of the fermentation raw materials to the composite zymocyte preparation and the growth promoter is 1000: 4.5: 7; the composite zymocyte preparation comprises viable bacteria in a quantity ratio of 1: 1.4: 2.2: 1: 0.6 of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger;
the preparation method of the oil-water separation membrane comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively weighing styrene and polyvinylpyrrolidone, dissolving in an alcohol solvent, adding azobisisobutyronitrile under the nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the temperature and stirring at 70 ℃ for 6 hours, separating insoluble substances after the reaction is finished, washing, drying to obtain polystyrene microspheres, dispersing the polystyrene microspheres in the alcohol solution with the concentration of more than 90% according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1g/L, adding aminopropyltriethoxysilane, stirring at normal temperature for 2 hours, separating precipitates, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in sequence, and dispersing in the deionized water according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1g/L to obtain a solution A;
wherein the mass ratio of the styrene to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the azobisisobutyronitrile is 8.6: 1: 0.05;
s2, respectively weighing carbon nanotubes and nano cellulose fibers, dispersing the carbon nanotubes and the nano cellulose fibers in an ethanol/water mixed solution, adding the solution A while stirring, fully mixing to obtain a solution B, and then performing suction filtration on the solution B on a substrate by using a hydrophilic cellulose ester membrane (Millipore hydrophilic mixed cellulose ester membrane microporous filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.8 mu m, the product number of AAWP04700, Shanghai Aijian Biotech Co., Ltd.) to obtain a first thin film;
the mass ratio of the carbon nano tubes to the polystyrene microspheres to the nano cellulose fibers in the solution B is 3.3: 2.5: 0.6; the flour quality of the suction filtration layer obtained by suction filtration is 3.9g/m 2 ；
S3, weighing dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dissolving the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate in dimethylformamide, adding dibenzoyl peroxide, fully mixing and stirring, spraying the mixture on a hot filtration surface of the first film (60-70 ℃), keeping the temperature for reaction for 1-2 hours, sequentially rinsing with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and drying to obtain the oil-water separation membrane;
the spraying amount of the dimethylamine ethyl methacrylate on the first film is 10.4g/m 2 ；
The thickness of the suction filtration layer and the spray coating layer should be controlled within a certain range, and the separation efficiency is greatly influenced by too thin or too thick layers.
The temperature of the material is gradually increased after the fermentation inoculum is inoculated, the temperature of the material is maintained at about 60-70 ℃, and then the temperature of the material is reduced, the material is loose, the color is darkened, and white hypha is generated to indicate that the fermentation process is finished
In this embodiment, the fermentation time required for the first temperature rise of the fermentation system to 60 ℃ is 14 hours, and the fermentation time required for the temperature of the fermentation system to fall back to 60 ℃ is 15 days;
in this embodiment, the contact angle of the suction filtration surface of the first thin film is above 150 °, the contact angle of the contact surface of the oil-water separation membrane is below 10 °, the turbidity of the permeated water of the oil-water separation membrane is less than 1NTU, the oil content is less than 4mg/L, and the average flux of wastewater within the first hour (25 ℃, 0.1MPa) is 68L/m 2 H, the permeation flux ratio to pure water permeation flux under the same conditions is substantially unchanged.
Example 2
A fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste, which is the same as that in example 1, and is characterized in that a fermentation system does not contain a growth promoter.
In this embodiment, the fermentation time required for the first temperature rise of the fermentation system to 60 ℃ is 19 hours, and the fermentation time required for the temperature of the fermentation system to fall back to 60 ℃ is 23 days.
Example 3
The kitchen waste fermentation treatment process is the same as that in example 1, and is different from the embodiment in that the preparation method of the oil-water separation membrane comprises the following steps:
s1 is the same as in example 1;
s2, weighing carbon nanotubes and nano cellulose fibers respectively, dispersing the carbon nanotubes and the nano cellulose fibers in an ethanol/water mixed solution, adding the solution A while stirring, fully mixing to obtain a solution B, then taking a hydrophilic cellulose ester film as a substrate, carrying out suction filtration on the solution B on the substrate, and stripping a black film on the hydrophilic cellulose ester film to obtain a first film;
the mass ratio of the carbon nano tubes to the polystyrene microspheres to the nano cellulose fibers in the solution B is 3.3: 2.5: 0.6; the flour quality of the suction filtration layer obtained by suction filtration is 3.9g/m 2 ；
S3 is the same as in example 1.
In this embodiment, the contact angle of the suction filtration surface of the first thin film is 150 ° or more, the contact angle of the contact surface of the oil-water separation membrane is 10 ° or less, the turbidity of the permeated water of the oil-water separation membrane is about 1NTU, the oil content is less than 5mg/L,average flux of wastewater 63L/m in the first hour (25 ℃, 0.1MPa) 2 H, the permeation flux ratio to pure water permeation flux under the same conditions is substantially unchanged.
Example 4
A fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste, which is the same as that in example 1, and is different from the process in that the oil-water separation membrane does not contain the nano cellulose fibers.
In this embodiment, the contact angle of the suction filtration surface of the first membrane is above 150 °, the contact angle of the contact surface of the oil-water separation membrane is below 10 °, the turbidity of the permeated water of the oil-water separation membrane is below 1NTU, the oil content is less than 4mg/L, and the average flux of wastewater within the first hour (25 ℃, 0.1MPa) is 53L/m 2 H, the permeation flux ratio to pure water permeation flux under the same conditions is substantially unchanged.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of
Removing impurities from the collected kitchen waste, picking out non-degradable impurities including plastics and metals from the kitchen waste, and crushing and refining the kitchen waste after impurity removal;
(2) pretreatment
Carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed and refined kitchen waste to obtain solid slag and waste liquid, carrying out washing desalination treatment on the solid slag to dilute salt, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted solid slag and washing liquid, and combining the washing liquid and the waste liquid to obtain a water-oil mixture; carrying out oil-water separation on the water-oil mixture through an oil-water separation membrane to respectively obtain recovered grease and kitchen wastewater;
(3) fermentation treatment
Carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the kitchen wastewater through an anaerobic generator to obtain upper-layer wastewater and lower-layer biogas residues, wherein the upper-layer wastewater is merged into an urban sewage pipe network for treatment; and combining the lower layer biogas residues and the solid residues into a fermentation raw material, putting the fermentation raw material into a fermentation reactor, adding a composite zymocyte preparation and a growth promoter according to a certain ratio, performing aerobic fermentation under the conditions of ventilation and timely stirring, and preparing a fermentation product after the fermentation is finished.
2. The fermentation treatment process of the kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the oil-water separation membrane comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively weighing styrene and polyvinylpyrrolidone, dissolving the styrene and the polyvinylpyrrolidone in an alcohol solvent, adding an initiator in a nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the temperature and stirring at 60-70 ℃ for reaction for 6-8h, separating insoluble substances after the reaction is finished, washing, drying to obtain polystyrene microspheres, dispersing the polystyrene microspheres in the alcohol solution with the concentration of more than 90% according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1-2g/L, adding aminosilane, stirring at normal temperature for reaction for 1-2h, separating precipitates, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in sequence, and dispersing in the deionized water according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1-2g/L to obtain a solution A;
wherein the mass ratio of the styrene to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the initiator is (8.5-8.8) to 1 (0.05-0.06);
s2, respectively weighing carbon nanotubes and nano cellulose fibers, dispersing the carbon nanotubes and the nano cellulose fibers in an ethanol/water mixed solution, adding the solution A while stirring, fully mixing to obtain a solution B, and then performing suction filtration on the solution B on a substrate by using a hydrophilic cellulose ester film as the substrate to obtain a first film;
the mass ratio of the carbon nano tubes to the polystyrene microspheres to the nano cellulose fibers in the solution B is (3-4): (2-4): (0.5-1); the flour quality of the suction filtration layer obtained by suction filtration is 2-5g/m 2 ；
S3, weighing hydrophilic methacrylate monomers, dissolving the hydrophilic methacrylate monomers in dimethylformamide, adding an initiator, fully mixing and stirring, spraying the mixture on a hot filtration surface of the first film, keeping the temperature for reaction for 1-2h, sequentially rinsing the film with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and drying the film to obtain the oil-water separation film;
the hydrophilic methacrylic acid monomer is 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and the spraying amount of the hydrophilic methacrylic acid monomer on the first film is 5-12g/m 2 。
3. The fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that said complex fermentation bacterial preparation comprises bacillus subtilis, yeast, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger.
4. The fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste according to claim 3, wherein the number ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger in the composite fermentation bacterial preparation is 1: (1.2-2.6): (1.4-3.0): (0.8-1.4): (0.4-1).
5. The kitchen waste fermentation treatment process according to claim 1, wherein the growth promoter is a porous inert carrier material.
6. The fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste according to claim 5, characterized in that said growth promoter is porous carbon material.
7. The fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the fermentation raw material to the composite zymocyte preparation to the growth promoter is 1000: (2-5): (5-10).
8. The fermentation treatment process of the kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the water content of the fermentation raw material is 20-40%, and the initial temperature is above 25 ℃.
9. The fermentation treatment process of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation time of said aerobic fermentation is 15-30 days.
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