CN115001306A - Light-weight triboelectric nano-generator based on paper folding structure and application thereof - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
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Abstract
基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机及其应用,本发明要解决现有纳米发电机结构多为硬质,且发电效率较低的技术问题。本发明基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机包括衬底、第一摩擦层和第二摩擦层,其中衬底的材质为PLA柔性薄膜材料,在衬底上设置有折痕,每个摩擦对由间隔设置的第一摩擦层和第二摩擦层组成,每个摩擦对中的第一摩擦层和第二摩擦层相对衬底上的折痕设置,衬底通过两条对称轴分成四块小正方形区域,在小正方形区域沿衬底上的折痕形成折纸结构。本发明衬底通过3D打印制成,结构简单,该轻质摩擦电纳米发电机包内部形成多个局部摩擦对,在相同压力下,相比于单一模式的发电机能产生更大的电信号,发电效率更高。
Based on a lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator with an origami structure and its application, the present invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing nanogenerator structures are mostly rigid and have low power generation efficiency. The lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator based on the origami structure of the present invention comprises a substrate, a first friction layer and a second friction layer, wherein the material of the substrate is a PLA flexible film material, and creases are arranged on the substrate, and each friction layer is The pair consists of a first friction layer and a second friction layer arranged at intervals, the first friction layer and the second friction layer in each friction pair are arranged relative to the crease on the substrate, and the substrate is divided into four pieces by two axes of symmetry Small square areas where origami structures are formed along the folds on the substrate. The substrate of the invention is made by 3D printing and has a simple structure. The lightweight triboelectric nano-generator package forms a plurality of local friction pairs inside. Under the same pressure, compared with a single-mode generator, a larger electrical signal can be generated. Higher power generation efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于纳米发电机领域,具体涉及一种轻质摩擦电纳米发电机。The invention belongs to the field of nanogenerators, in particular to a lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator.
背景技术Background technique
随着科技的不断发展与进步,现代社会正朝着小型化、无线化与智能化不断迈进。然而目前广泛应用的小型智能器件的供能问题一直亟待解决。纳米发电机则能将生活中经常被忽略的微小机械能转换为电能,为上述问题提供了很好的解决方案。并且可以通过材料选择和结构构建等多种方法,让纳米发电机同时兼备柔性、疏水性、形状记忆等多种性能。现今的纳米发电机普遍结构材料为硬质且制备工艺繁琐。With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, modern society is moving towards miniaturization, wireless and intelligence. However, the energy supply problem of widely used small smart devices has been urgently solved. Nanogenerators can convert tiny mechanical energy, which is often neglected in life, into electrical energy, providing a good solution to the above problems. And through various methods such as material selection and structure construction, nanogenerators can simultaneously have various properties such as flexibility, hydrophobicity, and shape memory. The common structural materials of today's nanogenerators are hard and the preparation process is cumbersome.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明要解决现有纳米发电机结构多为硬质,制备工艺繁琐,发电效率较低的技术问题,而提供一种基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机及其应用。The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing nano-generator structures are mostly hard, the preparation process is cumbersome and the power generation efficiency is low, and the invention provides a light-weight triboelectric nano-generator based on an origami structure and its application.
本发明基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机包括衬底、第一摩擦层和第二摩擦层,其中衬底的材质为PLA(聚乳酸)柔性薄膜材料,衬底为正方形,在衬底上设置有折痕,每个摩擦对由间隔设置的第一摩擦层和第二摩擦层组成,每个摩擦对中的第一摩擦层和第二摩擦层相对衬底上的折痕设置,衬底通过两条对称轴分成四块小正方形区域,在小正方形区域沿衬底上的折痕形成折纸结构。The lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator based on the origami structure of the present invention comprises a substrate, a first friction layer and a second friction layer, wherein the material of the substrate is a PLA (polylactic acid) flexible film material, the substrate is a square, and the substrate is a square. There are creases on the surface, each friction pair is composed of a first friction layer and a second friction layer arranged at intervals, and the first friction layer and the second friction layer in each friction pair are set relative to the crease on the substrate, and the lining The bottom is divided into four small square areas by two symmetry axes, and the origami structure is formed along the folds on the substrate in the small square areas.
本发明基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机的应用是将该轻质摩擦电纳米发电机作为减震器收集机械能发电。The application of the lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator based on the origami structure of the present invention is to use the lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator as a shock absorber to collect mechanical energy to generate electricity.
本发明轻质摩擦电纳米发电机基于摩擦起电和静电感应原理将机械能转换为电能。折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机上分别粘贴两种得失电子能力不同的材料,当整体结构受到外力使两种材料相互接触时,得电子能力强的材料显电负性;得电子能力弱的材料显电正性。当外力减弱,两种材料相互分开,等量异号电荷将存在于两种材料表面,随后通过材料一侧粘贴的电极经由导线导出到外电路中,形成电流而显现出电信号。The light-weight triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention converts mechanical energy into electrical energy based on the principles of triboelectric electrification and electrostatic induction. Lightweight triboelectric nanogenerators with origami structure are respectively pasted with two materials with different electronic gain and loss. When the overall structure is subjected to external force to make the two materials contact each other, the material with strong electron gain shows electronegativity; the weak electron gain shows electronegativity. The material is electrically positive. When the external force is weakened, the two materials are separated from each other, and equal and opposite charges will exist on the surfaces of the two materials, and then the electrodes attached to one side of the materials will be exported to the external circuit through the wires, forming a current and showing an electrical signal.
本发明基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机赋予发电机大变形特点,且整体结构回弹性好,能够作为减震器收集机械能达到发电效果。The light-weight triboelectric nano-generator based on the origami structure of the invention endows the generator with large deformation characteristics, and the overall structure has good resilience, and can be used as a shock absorber to collect mechanical energy to achieve the effect of generating electricity.
本发明基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机包括以下有益效果:The lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator based on the origami structure of the present invention includes the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明使用的原料材料常见,价格低廉,加工简单,轻质摩擦电纳米发电机的整体结构简单,可靠性高。1. The raw materials used in the present invention are common, low in price, and simple in processing. The lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator has a simple overall structure and high reliability.
2、本发明衬底通过3D打印制成,能通过试剂清洗调节整体刚度,以适用于不同的应用场景。2. The substrate of the present invention is made by 3D printing, and the overall stiffness can be adjusted by reagent cleaning, so as to be suitable for different application scenarios.
3、本发明轻质摩擦电纳米发电机包内部形成多个局部摩擦对,在相同压力下,相比于单一模式的发电机能产生更大的电信号,发电效率更高。3. A plurality of local friction pairs are formed inside the lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator package of the present invention. Under the same pressure, compared with a single-mode generator, a larger electrical signal can be generated, and the power generation efficiency is higher.
4、本发明轻质摩擦电纳米发电机中的衬底材料柔软,结合折纸可弯折结构,回弹性好,在受压状态下可通过折痕收缩,可作为减震器有效收集机械能发电。4. The substrate material in the lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention is soft, combined with the origami bendable structure, has good resilience, can shrink through folds under pressure, and can effectively collect mechanical energy as a shock absorber to generate electricity.
5、本发明耐久度高,可多次重复使用且保持恒定电输出。5. The present invention has high durability, can be used repeatedly and maintains constant electrical output.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例中衬底上的折痕示意图,其中加粗线代表向下折(谷折)的折痕;1 is a schematic diagram of a crease on a substrate in an embodiment, wherein the bold line represents a crease folded downward (valley fold);
图2为实施例中衬底上摩擦层粘贴区域示意图,其中A区域代表聚四氟乙烯薄膜,B区域代表铜箔(铜胶带);Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the sticking area of the friction layer on the substrate in the embodiment, wherein the area A represents the polytetrafluoroethylene film, and the area B represents the copper foil (copper tape);
图3为实施例基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机的整体结构示意图;3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator based on the origami structure of the embodiment;
图4为实施例基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机的交流输出电压测试图;Fig. 4 is the AC output voltage test chart of the lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator based on the origami structure of the embodiment;
图5为实施例基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机的直流输出电压测试图。FIG. 5 is a test diagram of the DC output voltage of the lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator based on the origami structure of the embodiment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
具体实施方式一:本实施方式基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机包括衬底1、第一摩擦层2-1和第二摩擦层2-2,其中衬底1的材质为PLA(聚乳酸)柔性薄膜材料,衬底1为正方形,在衬底1上设置有折痕,每个摩擦对由间隔设置的第一摩擦层2-1和第二摩擦层2-2组成,每个摩擦对中的第一摩擦层2-1和第二摩擦层2-2相对衬底1上的折痕设置,衬底1通过两条对称轴分成四块小正方形区域,在小正方形区域沿衬底1上的折痕形成折纸结构。Embodiment 1: The lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator based on the origami structure in this embodiment includes a
本实施方式基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机中的衬底由PLA材料(聚乳酸)通过3D打印技术得到,其上刻有设计的折痕,回弹性好。第一摩擦层和第二摩擦层间隔粘贴于衬底上的折痕两侧,形成多个摩擦对。本发明纳米发电机具有大变形效果,可作为减震装置收集机械能发电且耐久性好。The substrate in the light-weight triboelectric nanogenerator based on the origami structure of this embodiment is obtained from PLA material (polylactic acid) through 3D printing technology, and the designed crease is engraved on it, and the resilience is good. The first friction layer and the second friction layer are pasted on both sides of the crease on the substrate at intervals to form a plurality of friction pairs. The nanogenerator of the invention has a large deformation effect, can be used as a shock absorption device to collect mechanical energy to generate electricity, and has good durability.
具体实施方式二:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是衬底1通过3D打印工艺制备而成。Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and
具体实施方式三:本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是衬底1的长×宽为(100~500mm)×(100~500mm)。Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the length×width of the
具体实施方式四:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是第一摩擦层2-1和第二摩擦层2-2的材质为聚甲醛、乙基纤维素、聚酰胺、三聚氰胺、羊毛、蚕丝、铝箔、纸张、棉花、钢铁、木材、硬橡胶、镍、铜、银、醋酸纤维、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯醇、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸二乙醇酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚酰亚胺、聚二甲基硅氧烷或聚四氟乙烯,且第一摩擦层2-1和第二摩擦层2-2的材质不同。Embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and one of
具体实施方式五:本实施方式与具体实施方式四不同的是当第一摩擦层2-1和第二摩擦层2-2的材质为绝缘材料时,在摩擦层表面粘贴导电胶带作为电极。Embodiment 5: The difference between this embodiment and
具体实施方式六:本实施方式与具体实施方式四不同的是第一摩擦层2-1的材质为聚四氟乙烯薄膜,第二摩擦层2-2的材质为铜胶带。Embodiment 6: The difference between this embodiment and
本实施方式聚四氟乙烯一侧粘贴导电胶带作为电极。In this embodiment, a conductive tape is attached to one side of the polytetrafluoroethylene as an electrode.
具体实施方式七:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至六之一不同的是第一摩擦层2-1和第二摩擦层2-2的厚度为0.5~1.5mm。Embodiment 7: The difference between this embodiment and one of
具体实施方式八:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至六之一不同的是第一摩擦层2-1和第二摩擦层2-2粘贴在衬底1上。Embodiment 8: The difference between this embodiment and one of
本实施方式多个摩擦对分别引出导线后通过并联方式在外部整合。In this embodiment, a plurality of friction pairs are respectively drawn out of wires and integrated externally in a parallel manner.
具体实施方式九:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至八之一不同的是在每个小正方形区域中沿(衬底)对角线对称设置有多条折痕形成V形折纸结构,小正方形区域中的折痕平行于正方形的边。Embodiment 9: The difference between this embodiment and one of
实施例:本实施例基于折纸结构的轻质摩擦电纳米发电机包括衬底1、第一摩擦层2-1和第二摩擦层2-2,其中衬底1的材质为PLA(聚乳酸)柔性薄膜材料,衬底1为正方形,在衬底1上设置有折痕,其中两条折痕位于衬底1的对角线上,每个摩擦对由间隔设置的第一摩擦层2-1和第二摩擦层2-2组成,每个摩擦对中的第一摩擦层2-1和第二摩擦层2-2相对衬底1上的折痕设置,衬底1通过两条对称轴分成四块小正方形区域,在每个小正方形区域中沿对角线对称设置有多条折痕形成在多层V形折纸结构,小正方形区域中的折痕平行于正方形的边。Example: The lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator based on the origami structure in this example includes a
本实施例柔性衬底的厚度为1mm,同时起到支撑作用。The thickness of the flexible substrate in this embodiment is 1 mm, which simultaneously plays a supporting role.
本实施例第一摩擦层2-1的材质为铜胶带,同时作为摩擦材料和导电电极;第二摩擦层2-2的材质为聚四氟乙烯薄膜,本身不导电,在其背面粘贴导电胶带作为电极。In this embodiment, the material of the first friction layer 2-1 is copper tape, which is used as a friction material and a conductive electrode at the same time; the material of the second friction layer 2-2 is a polytetrafluoroethylene film, which itself is non-conductive, and a conductive tape is pasted on its back. as an electrode.
本实施例直接将各摩擦对并联后连接示波器,向整体结构施加10N外力,测其开路电压。衬底折叠前为19.2cm(边长)的正方形打印纸(70g/m2),八等分折叠,每块摩擦层宽度为2.2cm。直接测得轻质摩擦电纳米发电机的交流输出电压为20V,连接整流桥后输出的直流电压为13.5V。In this embodiment, each friction pair is directly connected in parallel and then connected to an oscilloscope, an external force of 10 N is applied to the overall structure, and its open circuit voltage is measured. Before the substrate is folded, it is a square printing paper (70 g/m 2 ) of 19.2 cm (side length), folded in eight equal parts, and the width of each friction layer is 2.2 cm. The AC output voltage of the lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator was directly measured to be 20V, and the output DC voltage after connecting the rectifier bridge was 13.5V.
本实施例轻质摩擦电纳米发电机具有大变形效果,能作为减震装置收集机械能发电且耐久性好。The lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator of this embodiment has a large deformation effect, can be used as a shock absorption device to collect mechanical energy to generate electricity, and has good durability.
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