CN115001021A - Control method for hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in primary frequency modulation - Google Patents

Control method for hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in primary frequency modulation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115001021A
CN115001021A CN202210755588.6A CN202210755588A CN115001021A CN 115001021 A CN115001021 A CN 115001021A CN 202210755588 A CN202210755588 A CN 202210755588A CN 115001021 A CN115001021 A CN 115001021A
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energy storage
frequency modulation
primary frequency
lithium battery
frequency
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胡阳
陈崇德
郭强
房方
潘捷
薛志伟
付文华
白志刚
杨琦
芦晓辉
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State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Of Sepc
North China Electric Power University
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State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Of Sepc
North China Electric Power University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a control method for a hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in primary frequency modulation. When the power system generates continuous random load fluctuation for a long time, the frequency deviation of the power grid is decomposed into a high part and a low part through a frequency divider, the high frequency part of the frequency deviation is adjusted by flywheel energy storage in the hybrid energy storage system, and the low frequency part of the frequency deviation is adjusted by lithium battery energy storage in the hybrid energy storage system, so that the charging and discharging times of the lithium battery energy storage are reduced, and the service life of the lithium battery energy storage system is prolonged.

Description

Control method for hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in primary frequency modulation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a control method for a hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in primary frequency modulation.
Background
With the introduction of the "dual carbon" goal, the permeability of photovoltaic power generation in power systems has increased substantially. However, the access of a large number of photovoltaic wind power into the power system brings great influence on the safe and stable operation of the power grid. On one hand, the intermittency and randomness of photovoltaic power generation bring serious hidden danger to the frequency stability of a power grid; on the other hand, in order to improve the utilization rate of photovoltaic, photovoltaic power generation generally works in a maximum power tracking running state, inertia support is not provided, reserve capacity is not reserved, and the frequency support effect on a power grid is quite limited due to the fact that the photovoltaic power generation is connected to the power grid through a power electronic interface. The energy storage has advantages such as two-way regulation, charge-discharge fast and regulation precision height, installs energy storage system in photovoltaic power plant, can assist photovoltaic power plant to participate in primary frequency modulation, improves the initiative supporting role of photovoltaic power plant to the electric wire netting frequency. The power type energy storage such as flywheel energy storage has the advantages of high cycle times, large short-time charge and discharge power and high response speed, but the unit capacity cost is high; energy-type energy storage, such as lithium batteries, are relatively inexpensive to manufacture, but have low cycle times, slow response rates and severe life losses due to frequent charging and discharging. When the power system generates continuous random load fluctuation for a long time, the single power type energy storage is difficult to participate in primary frequency modulation for a long time due to the limited capacity; although the single energy type energy storage has large capacity and can participate in primary frequency modulation for a long time, the service life of the single energy type energy storage is seriously lost by frequent charging and discharging, and the replacement frequency of the single energy type energy storage is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and provides a control method for the hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in primary frequency modulation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a control method for a hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in primary frequency modulation comprises the following steps:
1) when continuous random load fluctuation of a regional power grid of a photovoltaic power station occurs for a long time, collecting the power grid frequency f of a grid-connected point of a light storage system, and calculating the power grid frequency f and the power grid reference frequency f of the grid-connected point 0 Frequency deviation Δ f, f of 0 Is 50 Hz;
2) designing a first-order low-pass filtering link, and filtering the frequency deviation delta f through the first-order low-pass filtering link to obtain a low-frequency part delta f of the delta f L Then subtract Δ f from Δ f L Obtaining a high frequency part of Δ f H ；
3) The low frequency part deltaf L Conveying the lithium battery to a lithium battery energy storage system; the high frequency part Δ f H Conveying to a flywheel energy storage system;
4) in order to avoid energy storage service life loss caused by unnecessary frequent charging and discharging actions due to small frequency fluctuation, the lithium battery energy storage system and the flywheel energy storage system are both provided with a primary frequency modulation dead zone when the frequency is-0.033 Hz<Δf L <0.033Hz lithium batteryThe energy stored in the pool does not participate in primary frequency modulation when delta f L <-0.033Hz or Δ f L >When the frequency of the lithium battery energy storage system is 0.033Hz, starting a primary frequency modulation function; when-0.033 Hz<Δf H <When 0.033Hz, the flywheel energy storage does not participate in primary frequency modulation, delta f H <-0.033Hz or Δ f L >When 0.033Hz, the flywheel energy storage system starts a primary frequency modulation function;
5) considering that the virtual inertia control can generate inhibition effect on frequency recovery, the energy storage adopts virtual droop control to participate in primary frequency modulation, delta f L Calculating power reference value delta P of lithium battery energy storage participating in primary frequency modulation through droop control link B ；Δf H Calculating a power reference value delta P of the flywheel energy storage participating in primary frequency modulation through a droop control link F ；
6) In order to reduce the times of overcharge and overdischarge of the stored energy, a self-adaptive output control module is introduced to control the actual output of the stored energy, and the lithium battery stored energy self-adaptive output control module controls the actual output according to the SOC and the primary frequency modulation power reference value delta P of the lithium battery B Comprehensively judging and determining the actual output of the energy storage primary frequency modulation of the lithium battery; the flywheel energy storage self-adaptive output control module synthesizes delta P according to the SOC of the flywheel and the primary frequency modulation power reference value F And judging and determining the actual output of the energy storage primary frequency modulation of the flywheel.
According to the method, the frequency deviation delta f is decomposed into high and low frequency components through a first-order low-pass filter and then is respectively input into different energy storage systems, the respective frequency modulation advantages of the lithium battery and the flywheel energy storage are fully utilized, and the actual output of the lithium battery energy storage and the flywheel energy storage primary frequency modulation is shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification;
when the frequency deviation delta f does not pass through the method (no high and low frequency decomposition), the actual output of the lithium battery energy storage and the flywheel energy storage primary frequency modulation is shown in the attached figure 2 of the specification;
compared with the graph 1 and the graph 2, the method provided by the patent can be used for greatly reducing the energy storage and charging times of the lithium battery when the lithium battery and the flywheel are used for mixed energy storage to participate in primary frequency modulation of a photovoltaic power station, so that the service life of the lithium battery for energy storage can be prolonged; the charge and discharge times of the flywheel battery are slightly increased, but the influence on the service life of the flywheel battery is not great in consideration of the advantage of high energy storage cycle times of the flywheel;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: a hybrid energy storage system composed of a flywheel and a lithium battery is utilized, the respective advantages of two kinds of energy storage are integrated, and the economy of the energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid is improved while the primary frequency modulation effect is guaranteed. When the power system generates continuous random load fluctuation for a long time, the frequency deviation of the power grid is decomposed into a high part and a low part through a frequency divider, the high frequency part of the frequency deviation is adjusted by flywheel energy storage in the hybrid energy storage system, and the low frequency part of the frequency deviation is adjusted by lithium battery energy storage in the hybrid energy storage system, so that the charging and discharging times of the lithium battery energy storage are reduced, and the service life of the lithium battery energy storage system is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an actual output structure of a hybrid energy storage primary frequency modulation under the adoption of the method for controlling a hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in the primary frequency modulation.
Fig. 2 shows the actual output of the hybrid energy storage primary frequency modulation under the condition that the method is not adopted in the control method for the hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in the primary frequency modulation.
Fig. 3 shows an assumed random load fluctuation of 1 hour in a regional power grid in the control method for participating in primary frequency modulation by a hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station.
FIG. 4 shows a frequency deviation low-frequency part delta f of a control method for participating in primary frequency modulation of a hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station L 。
FIG. 5 shows a frequency deviation high-frequency part delta f of a control method for participating in primary frequency modulation of a hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station H 。
Fig. 6 is a frequency deviation frequency division schematic diagram of a control method for participating in primary frequency modulation of a hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station.
Fig. 7 shows the lithium battery energy storage primary frequency modulation reference power of the control method for participating in primary frequency modulation of the hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station.
FIG. 8 shows flywheel energy storage primary frequency modulation reference power of a control method for participating in primary frequency modulation of a hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station.
Fig. 9 shows a relation between the maximum chargeable and dischargeable power of stored energy and the SOC of the control method for the hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in the primary frequency modulation.
Fig. 10 shows the actual output of the lithium battery energy storage primary frequency modulation in the control method for the hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in the primary frequency modulation.
FIG. 11 shows the actual output of the flywheel energy storage primary frequency modulation of the control method for the hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in the primary frequency modulation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A control method for a hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in primary frequency modulation comprises the following steps:
1) when continuous random load fluctuation of a regional power grid where the photovoltaic power station is located occurs for a long time, the random load fluctuation of the regional power grid for 1 hour is assumed to be shown in the attached figure 3 of the specification. Collecting the grid frequency f of a grid-connected point of the light storage system, and calculating the grid frequency f of the grid-connected point and the grid reference frequency f 0 A frequency deviation Δ f of (50 Hz);
2) designing a first-order low-pass filtering link, and filtering the frequency deviation delta f through the first-order low-pass filtering link to obtain a low-frequency part delta f of the delta f L Then subtract Δ f from Δ f L Obtaining a high frequency part of Δ f H . Wherein the low-frequency part Delta f of the frequency deviation of the power grid L And a high frequency part Δ f L As shown in figures 4 and 5 respectively of the specification;
3) low frequency part Δ f L Conveying to a lithium battery energy storage system; the high frequency part Δ f H And the energy is transmitted to a flywheel energy storage system. The frequency deviation frequency division principle is shown in figure 6 in the specification;
4) in order to avoid energy storage service life loss caused by unnecessary frequent charging and discharging actions due to small frequency fluctuation, the lithium battery energy storage system and the flywheel energy storage system are both provided with a primary frequency modulation dead zone. When-0.033 Hz<Δf L <When the frequency is 0.033Hz, the energy storage of the lithium battery does not participate in primary frequency modulation, and when the frequency is higher than the set frequency, the lithium battery stores energyΔf L <-0.033Hz or Δ f L >When the frequency of the lithium battery energy storage system is 0.033Hz, starting a primary frequency modulation function; when-0.033 Hz<Δf H <When 0.033Hz, flywheel energy storage does not participate in primary frequency modulation, delta f H <-0.033Hz or Δ f L >When 0.033Hz, the flywheel energy storage system starts a primary frequency modulation function;
5) and considering that the virtual inertia control can generate a restraining effect on the recovery of the frequency, the energy storage adopts the virtual droop control to participate in primary frequency modulation. The virtual droop control principle is as follows:
ΔP＝KΔf (1)
wherein, the delta P is the power of the stored energy participating in the primary frequency modulation; k is the droop coefficient.
Δf L Calculating a power reference value delta P of the lithium battery for energy storage and participation in primary frequency modulation through a droop control link B As shown in figure 7 of the specification; Δ f H Calculating a power reference value delta P of the flywheel energy storage participating in primary frequency modulation through a droop control link F As shown in figure 8 of the specification;
6) in order to reduce the times of overcharge and overdischarge of the stored energy, a self-adaptive output control module is introduced to control the actual output of the stored energy. The lithium battery energy storage self-adaptive output control module is based on the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery and a primary frequency modulation power reference value delta P B Comprehensively judging the actual output of the energy storage primary frequency modulation of the lithium battery; the flywheel energy storage self-adaptive output control module synthesizes delta P according to the SOC of the flywheel, the primary frequency modulation power reference value and the like F And judging the actual output of the energy storage primary frequency modulation of the flywheel. The working principle of the energy storage self-adaptive output control module is as follows:
firstly, determining the actual maximum chargeable and dischargeable power of energy storage according to the SOC of the energy storage by adopting a Logistic regression function, wherein the relation between the maximum chargeable and dischargeable power and the SOC of the energy storage is as follows:
Figure BDA0003719483980000061
Figure BDA0003719483980000062
in the formula: p c 、P d Respectively storing the maximum chargeable power and the maximum dischargeable power; p 0 R and b take the values of 0.01, 13 and 0.2 respectively; SOC max 、SOC min Respectively an energy storage SOC upper limit value and an energy storage SOC lower limit value; SOC H 、SOC L Respectively an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the SOC for normal charging and discharging of stored energy. The relation between the maximum chargeable and dischargeable energy storage power and the SOC is shown in the attached figure 9 of the specification;
and secondly, comprehensively judging the actual output of the energy storage primary frequency modulation according to the frequency deviation, the maximum energy storage charge-discharge power, the primary frequency modulation power reference value and the rated power.
1) For lithium battery energy storage:
(1) when Δ f L >When 0, the lithium battery is charged with stored energy, and the actual output of the primary frequency modulation of the stored energy of the lithium battery is as follows:
Figure BDA0003719483980000063
wherein, P Bmax And the rated power for storing energy for the lithium battery.
(2) When Δ f L <When 0, the lithium battery stores energy and discharges, and the lithium battery energy storage primary frequency modulation actually outputs the following force:
Figure BDA0003719483980000064
2) for flywheel energy storage:
(1) when Δ f H >When 0, the flywheel stores energy and charges, and the actual output of the primary frequency modulation of the flywheel is as follows:
Figure BDA0003719483980000071
wherein, P Fmax Rated power for storing energy for the flywheel.
(2) When Δ f H <When 0, the flywheel stores energy and discharges electricity,the actual output of the flywheel energy storage primary frequency modulation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003719483980000072
the actual output of the finally obtained lithium battery energy storage and flywheel energy storage participating in primary frequency modulation of the photovoltaic power station is respectively shown in the attached drawings 10 and 11 in the specification.
It can be seen that the number of energy storage and charge times of the lithium battery is much less than that of the flywheel, which is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the lithium battery and giving full play to the advantage of high cycle number of the flywheel.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and the drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A control method for a hybrid energy storage auxiliary photovoltaic power station to participate in primary frequency modulation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) when continuous random load fluctuation of a regional power grid of a photovoltaic power station occurs for a long time, collecting the power grid frequency f of a grid-connected point of a light storage system, and calculating the power grid frequency f and the power grid reference frequency f of the grid-connected point 0 Frequency deviation Δ f, f of 0 Is 50 Hz;
2) designing a first-order low-pass filtering link, and filtering the frequency deviation delta f through the first-order low-pass filtering link to obtain a low-frequency part delta f of the delta f L Then subtract Δ f from Δ f L Obtaining a high frequency part of Δ f H ；
3) The low frequency part deltaf L Conveying to a lithium battery energy storage system; the high frequency part Δ f H Conveying to a flywheel energy storage system;
4) energy storage is avoided from being lost due to unnecessary frequent charge and discharge actions caused by small frequency fluctuationThe service life of the lithium battery energy storage system and the flywheel energy storage system is respectively provided with a primary frequency modulation dead zone when the frequency is minus 0.033Hz<Δf L <When the frequency is 0.033Hz, the energy storage of the lithium battery does not participate in primary frequency modulation, and when the frequency is delta f L <-0.033Hz or Δ f L >When the frequency of the lithium battery energy storage system is 0.033Hz, starting a primary frequency modulation function; when-0.033 Hz<Δf H <When 0.033Hz, the flywheel energy storage does not participate in primary frequency modulation, delta f H <-0.033Hz or Δ f L >When 0.033Hz, the flywheel energy storage system starts a primary frequency modulation function;
5) considering that the virtual inertia control can generate inhibition effect on frequency recovery, the energy storage adopts virtual droop control to participate in primary frequency modulation, delta f L Calculating a power reference value delta P of the lithium battery for energy storage and participation in primary frequency modulation through a droop control link B ；Δf H Calculating a power reference value delta P of the flywheel energy storage participating in primary frequency modulation through a droop control link F ；
6) In order to reduce the times of overcharge and overdischarge of the stored energy, a self-adaptive output control module is introduced to control the actual output of the stored energy, and the lithium battery stored energy self-adaptive output control module controls the actual output according to the SOC and the primary frequency modulation power reference value delta P of the lithium battery B Comprehensively judging and determining the actual output of the energy storage primary frequency modulation of the lithium battery; the flywheel energy storage self-adaptive output control module synthesizes delta P according to the SOC of the flywheel and the primary frequency modulation power reference value F And judging and determining the actual output of the energy storage primary frequency modulation of the flywheel.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115473247A (en) * 2022-10-12 2022-12-13 华北电力大学 Flywheel energy storage participation power grid frequency modulation control method and system
CN116826806A (en) * 2023-04-27 2023-09-29 华电国际电力股份有限公司朔州热电分公司 Hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method and system and electronic equipment
CN117117913A (en) * 2023-07-18 2023-11-24 北京盛藏技术有限公司 Hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method, system, medium and equipment

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115473247A (en) * 2022-10-12 2022-12-13 华北电力大学 Flywheel energy storage participation power grid frequency modulation control method and system
CN116826806A (en) * 2023-04-27 2023-09-29 华电国际电力股份有限公司朔州热电分公司 Hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method and system and electronic equipment
CN116826806B (en) * 2023-04-27 2024-03-12 华电国际电力股份有限公司朔州热电分公司 Hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method and system and electronic equipment
CN117117913A (en) * 2023-07-18 2023-11-24 北京盛藏技术有限公司 Hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method, system, medium and equipment
CN117117913B (en) * 2023-07-18 2024-05-03 北京盛藏技术有限公司 Hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method, system, medium and equipment

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