CN115000460B - Operation method and system based on SOFC-GT combined heat and power combined supply system - Google Patents

Operation method and system based on SOFC-GT combined heat and power combined supply system Download PDF

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CN115000460B
CN115000460B CN202210582543.3A CN202210582543A CN115000460B CN 115000460 B CN115000460 B CN 115000460B CN 202210582543 A CN202210582543 A CN 202210582543A CN 115000460 B CN115000460 B CN 115000460B
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temperature
valve
sofc
fuel
outlet
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CN115000460A (en
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安青松
孙博阳
王世学
朱禹
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
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    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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Abstract

The invention discloses an operation method and an operation system based on an SOFC-GT combined heat and power combined supply system, and aims to provide an operation method and an operation system which can realize stable starting of the system and dynamically balance the generated energy and the heat supply of the system. The method comprises a start-up phase control, a preheating phase control, a low-power operation phase control and a normal operation phase control. The system comprises an SOFC power generation system, a combustion chamber, a steam power generation system, a temperature monitoring system, an operation control system and a domestic water module. The SOFC power generation system is used for performing electrochemical reaction to output electric energy; the steam power generation system utilizes high-temperature steam generated by the combustion chamber to drive the generator to generate power through the steam turbine; and the operation control system adjusts the air flow, the fuel flow, the water flow and the high-temperature steam flow entering the SOFC power generation system and the steam power generation system according to the temperature of each temperature monitoring module and the change of the thermoelectric demand on the load side, so as to realize thermoelectric balance. The system is stable in operation, high in energy utilization rate and low in heat emission.

Description

Operation method and system based on SOFC-GT combined heat and power combined supply system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cogeneration, in particular to an operation method of a cogeneration system combining a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a steam turbine (GT) and the cogeneration system for realizing the method.
Background
The solid oxide fuel cell can convert chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electric energy at high temperature, and can be used as a new generation fuel cell to form an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) stack by combining tens or even hundreds of single cells, and the SOFC stack can realize electric power output from hundreds of watts, kilowatts to megawatts. As the working temperature of the SOFC can reach 600-1000 ℃ generally, the SOFC has the characteristics of wide fuel application range, high exhaust emission temperature and the like, and the tail gas of the SOFC contains a large amount of waste heat which can be further recycled. Therefore, SOFCs are particularly suitable for cogeneration systems.
The cogeneration system formed by combining the SOFC, the gas turbine, the steam turbine, the internal combustion engine and the like has high power generation efficiency and low emission, can comprehensively and stepwisely utilize fuel energy, and is an efficient and environment-friendly cogeneration mode.
The prior invention mainly provides different optimization schemes for further improving indexes such as thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, power generation and the like in the operation process of the cogeneration system, but the prior invention rarely relates to a starting and operation control method of the cogeneration system combining an SOFC and a steam turbine. The SOFC electric pile has the problems that the working temperature and the ambient temperature have huge deviation, and the heat capacity of electric pile materials (metal and ceramic) is large, so that the starting time is long, an auxiliary heating element is needed in the starting process, the electric pile is heated unevenly in the starting process, the electric pile power generation in the process can not meet the electric load requirement, and the like, and the starting process based on the SOFC-GT cogeneration system is urgently needed to be optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the technical defects in the prior art, and provides an operation control method of a combined heat and power system, which can adjust the flow directions and the flow rates of fuel, air, water and high-temperature steam according to different operation stages, realize stable system starting and dynamically balance the power generation amount and the heat supply amount of the system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a cogeneration system capable of achieving dynamic balance of power generation and power supply.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
an operation method based on an SOFC-GT combined heat and power combined supply system, wherein the SOFC combined heat and power combined supply system is formed by connecting SOFC electric stacks and steam turbines in series, and comprises a start-up stage control, a preheating stage control, a low-power operation stage control and a normal operation stage control;
(1) The start-up phase control comprises the following steps:
fuel circulation: the pretreated fuel enters a combustion chamber;
air circulation: one path of pretreated air enters the anode of the SOFC stack, the other path enters the cathode of the SOFC stack, and the temperatures of the anode and the cathode of the SOFC stack are increased; mixing the gas exhausted from the anode and the cathode of the SOFC stack and then entering the combustion chamber;
High temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the outlet of the combustion chamber to drive the generator to generate power, and the high-temperature steam discharged from the steam turbine provides heat energy for fuel preheating and air preheating and provides heat energy for a raw water module;
the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile are monitored, the air flow entering the two poles of the SOFC electric pile is regulated according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, so that the two poles of the SOFC electric pile are heated uniformly, and when the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile reaches 240-260 ℃, the starting stage is ended, and the preheating stage is entered;
(2) The preheating stage control comprises the following steps:
fuel circulation: the pretreated fuel enters the combustion chamber;
air circulation: the pretreated air enters a cathode of the SOFC stack to raise the temperature of the cathode, and the gas exhausted from the cathode of the SOFC stack enters the combustion chamber;
high temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the combustion chamber outlet to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-temperature steam exhausted from the steam turbine provides heat energy for fuel preheating and air preheating, and then part of the high-temperature steam enters the anode of the SOFC stack to raise the anode temperature of the SOFC stack; mixing the high-temperature steam after fuel preheating and air preheating with the high-temperature steam discharged from the anode of the SOFC stack, and providing heat energy for the domestic water module;
The temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile are monitored, the air flow entering the cathode of the SOFC electric pile and the high-temperature steam flow entering the anode of the SOFC electric pile are regulated according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, so that the two poles of the SOFC electric pile are heated uniformly, and when the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile reaches 440-460 ℃, the preheating stage is ended, and the low-power operation stage is entered;
(3) The low power operational phase control includes the steps of:
fuel circulation: one path of pretreated fuel enters a fuel pre-reformer to carry out reforming reaction with water for fuel reforming reaction, and a reforming reaction product enters an anode of the SOFC stack; the other path of the mixed gas is mixed with the exhaust gas of the anode of the SOFC stack and then enters the combustion chamber;
air circulation: one path of pretreated air enters the cathode of the SOFC stack, and the other path of pretreated air enters the combustion chamber after being mixed with the exhaust of the cathode of the SOFC stack;
the gas entering the anode and the gas entering the cathode are subjected to electrochemical reaction inside to output electric energy;
high temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the combustion chamber outlet to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-temperature steam discharged from the steam turbine provides heat for fuel preheating, air preheating and water preheating for fuel reforming reaction, and provides heat for the domestic water module;
The temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile are monitored, the fuel flow entering the anode of the SOFC electric pile and the air flow entering the cathode of the SOFC electric pile are regulated according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the SOFC electric pile and the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, so that the system gradually reaches a rated working state, the uniform temperature of the SOFC electric pile is ensured, the temperature is gradually increased, the low-power operation stage is ended when the temperature of the SOFC electric pile is increased to the set working temperature, and the SOFC electric pile enters the normal-power operation stage;
(4) The normal power operation phase control includes the steps of:
fuel circulation: the pretreated fuel enters a fuel pre-reformer to carry out reforming reaction with water for fuel reforming reaction, and a reforming reaction product enters an anode of the SOFC stack;
air circulation: the pretreated air enters the cathode of the SOFC stack, and the gas exhausted from the two poles of the SOFC stack enters the combustion chamber respectively;
the gas entering the anode and the gas entering the cathode are subjected to electrochemical reaction inside to output electric energy;
high temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the combustion chamber outlet to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-temperature steam discharged from the steam turbine provides heat for fuel preheating, air preheating and water preheating for fuel reforming reaction, and provides heat for the domestic water module;
And monitoring the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, respectively adjusting the fuel flow entering the anode and the air flow entering the cathode of the SOFC electric pile according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, ensuring that the SOFC electric pile is maintained at a set working temperature, and maintaining thermoelectric balance.
Monitoring the temperature of the combustion chamber, and introducing air which is not preheated into the combustion chamber when the temperature of the combustion chamber exceeds a preset value.
When the thermoelectric load fluctuates, the high-temperature steam at the outlet of the combustion chamber is split to balance the thermoelectric load.
The pretreatment of the fuel comprises compression treatment, desulfurization treatment and preheating treatment of the fuel.
The pretreatment of the air comprises a compression treatment and a preheating treatment.
The SOFC-GT combined heat and power combined supply system for realizing the operation method comprises an SOFC power generation system, a combustion chamber, a steam power generation system, a temperature monitoring system, an operation control system and a domestic water module; the SOFC power generation system comprises an SOFC electric pile formed by connecting a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells in series, an air supply module, a fuel supply module and a fuel reforming reaction water module, and is used for performing electrochemical reaction to output electric energy; the combustion chamber is used for generating high-temperature steam; the steam power generation system comprises a steam turbine and a generator, and is used for utilizing high-temperature steam generated by the combustion chamber to drive the generator to generate power through the steam turbine so as to output electric energy; the temperature monitoring system comprises an anode temperature monitoring module, a cathode temperature monitoring module, a combustion chamber temperature monitoring module, a pile anode inlet gas temperature monitoring module, a pile cathode inlet gas temperature monitoring module and a fuel pre-reformer temperature monitoring module; for monitoring anode temperature, cathode temperature, the combustor temperature, the SOFC stack anode and cathode inlet gas temperatures, and the fuel pre-reformer temperature in the SOFC stack; the operation control system is used for adjusting the air flow, fuel flow, water flow and high-temperature steam flow entering the SOFC power generation system and the steam power generation system according to the temperature of each temperature monitoring module and the change of the thermoelectric demand on the load side so as to realize the balance of thermoelectric load; the high-temperature steam generated by the SOFC power generation system is used for heating air, fuel and water for fuel reforming reaction and providing heat for the domestic water module besides power generation; the domestic water module provides hot water for users.
The air supply module comprises an air compressor and an air preheater; the fuel supply module comprises a fuel compressor, a desulfurizer, a fuel preheater and a fuel pre-converter; the fuel reforming reaction water module comprises a water supply pump and a fuel reforming reaction water preheater; the operation control system comprises a controller, a first valve, a second valve, a third valve, a fourth valve, a fifth valve, a sixth valve, a seventh valve, an eighth valve and a connecting pipeline;
the outlet of the fuel compressor is connected with the fuel inlet of the fuel preheater through the desulfurizer, the fuel outlet of the fuel preheater is connected with the inlet of the second valve, the first outlet of the second valve is connected with the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber, the second outlet of the second valve is connected with the fuel inlet of the fuel pre-reformer, and the outlet of the fuel pre-reformer is connected with the anode of the SOFC stack through the second inlet of the seventh valve and the outlet of the seventh valve;
the outlet of the air compressor is connected with the inlet of the third valve, the second outlet of the third valve is connected with the air inlet of the air preheater, and the first outlet of the third valve is connected with the air inlet of the combustion chamber; the air outlet of the air preheater is connected with the inlet of the fourth valve, the first outlet of the fourth valve is connected with the anode of the SOFC stack through the third inlet of the seventh valve and the outlet of the seventh valve, and the second outlet of the fourth valve is connected with the cathode of the SOFC stack;
The outlet of the water supply pump is connected with the inlet of the water preheater for the fuel reforming reaction, and the outlet of the water preheater for the fuel reforming reaction is connected with the water inlet for the fuel reforming reaction of the fuel pre-reformer;
the outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with the inlet of the first valve, the second outlet of the first valve is connected with the steam inlet of the steam turbine, and the first outlet of the first valve is mixed with high-temperature steam flowing out of the steam outlet of the steam turbine to provide heat energy for the fuel preheater and the air preheater; the high-temperature steam outlet of the air preheater is connected with the inlet of the fifth valve, the first outlet of the fifth valve is connected with the inlet of the sixth valve, and the second outlet of the fifth valve is connected with the anode of the SOFC stack through the first inlet of the seventh valve and the outlet of the seventh valve; the high-temperature steam flowing out of the second outlet of the sixth valve provides heat energy for the domestic water module, and the high-temperature steam flowing out of the first outlet of the sixth valve provides heat energy for the water preheater for the fuel reforming reaction;
the anode outlet of the SOFC stack is connected with the inlet of the eighth valve, and the first outlet of the eighth valve is connected with the first outlet of the second valve in parallel and then is connected with the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber; the second outlet of the eighth valve is connected with the outlet of the SOFC stack cathode in parallel and then connected with the air inlet of the combustion chamber; the high-temperature steam flowing out of the third outlet of the eighth valve provides heat energy for the domestic water module;
The controller controls the opening and closing or opening of the corresponding interfaces of the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, the seventh valve and the eighth valve according to the temperature information obtained by the anode temperature monitoring module, the cathode temperature monitoring module, the combustion chamber temperature monitoring module, the electric pile anode inlet gas temperature monitoring module, the electric pile cathode inlet gas temperature monitoring module and the fuel pre-converter temperature monitoring module, and adjusts thermoelectric balance.
The first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve and the sixth valve are all split-flow three-way valves.
The seventh valve is a three-in and one-out valve, and the eighth valve is a one-in and three-out valve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the running method of the invention can dynamically adjust the flow direction and flow of fuel, air, water and high-temperature steam according to different running stages of the system, realize stable starting of the system, and dynamically adjust the balance of the generated energy and the heat supply of the system, thereby meeting the electric heating load demands of users at different stages.
2. The operation control method can comprehensively utilize and step-use the heat contained in the high-temperature tail gas generated by the SOFC stack, thereby realizing efficient and stable cogeneration.
3. The operation control method of the invention ensures that the starting process of the SOFC electric pile does not depend on an auxiliary heating element, the SOFC electric pile temperature is uniform and gradually increased in the starting process, and the operation is more stable.
4. The combined heat and power system of the invention utilizes the temperature monitoring module to monitor the temperatures of the anode and the cathode of the electric pile in real time, monitors the temperature of the combustion chamber in real time, monitors the temperatures of the anode and the cathode of the SOFC electric pile in real time, monitors the temperature of the fuel pre-converter in real time, dynamically adjusts the flow direction and the flow rate of fuel, air, water and high-temperature steam through the switching of interfaces and the adjustment of opening degree among different valves in the operation control system, utilizes the high-temperature gas to preheat the SOFC electric pile, adjusts the flow rate of the high-temperature gas, ensures the electric pile to be heated uniformly, utilizes the SOFC electric pile and the generator to generate electricity together, utilizes the high-temperature steam to heat domestic hot water, and ensures that the electric heating load requirements of a load side can be met at the same time in the starting and the operation stages of the system.
5. The cogeneration system has high energy utilization rate and low heat emission, and is particularly suitable for cogeneration of houses and buildings.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a cogeneration system based on SOFC-GT combination according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
The operation method based on the SOFC-GT combined heat and power combined supply system is based on the SOFC electric pile and steam turbine combined heat and power combined supply system formed by connecting solid oxide fuel cells in series, and comprises start-up stage control, preheating stage control, low-power operation stage control and normal operation stage control. The method comprises the following steps:
1. the start-up phase control comprises the following steps:
fuel circulation: the pretreated fuel enters a combustion chamber;
air circulation: one path of pretreated air enters the anode of the SOFC stack, the other path enters the cathode of the SOFC stack, and the temperatures of the anode and the cathode of the SOFC stack are increased; mixing the gas exhausted from the anode and the cathode of the SOFC stack and then entering the combustion chamber;
high temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the outlet of the combustion chamber to drive the generator to generate power, and the high-temperature steam discharged from the steam turbine provides heat energy for fuel preheating and air preheating and provides heat energy for a raw water module;
the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile are monitored, the air flow entering the two poles of the SOFC electric pile is regulated according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, so that the two poles of the SOFC electric pile are heated uniformly, and when the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile reaches 240-260 ℃, the starting stage is ended, and the preheating stage is entered;
2. The preheating stage control comprises the following steps:
fuel circulation: the pretreated fuel enters the combustion chamber;
air circulation: the pretreated air enters a cathode of the SOFC stack to raise the temperature of the cathode, and the gas exhausted from the cathode of the SOFC stack enters the combustion chamber;
high temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the combustion chamber outlet to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-temperature steam exhausted from the steam turbine provides heat energy for fuel preheating and air preheating, and then part of the high-temperature steam enters the anode of the SOFC stack to raise the anode temperature of the SOFC stack; mixing the high-temperature steam after fuel preheating and air preheating with the high-temperature steam discharged from the anode of the SOFC stack, and providing heat energy for the domestic water module;
the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile are monitored, the air flow entering the cathode of the SOFC electric pile and the high-temperature steam flow entering the anode of the SOFC electric pile are regulated according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, so that the two poles of the SOFC electric pile are heated uniformly, and when the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile reaches 440-460 ℃, the preheating stage is ended, and the low-power operation stage is entered;
3. The low power operational phase control includes the steps of:
fuel circulation: one path of pretreated fuel enters a fuel pre-reformer to carry out reforming reaction with water for fuel reforming reaction, and a reforming reaction product enters an anode of the SOFC stack; the other path of the mixed gas is mixed with the exhaust gas of the anode of the SOFC stack and then enters the combustion chamber;
air circulation: one path of pretreated air enters the cathode of the SOFC stack, and the other path of pretreated air enters the combustion chamber after being mixed with the exhaust of the cathode of the SOFC stack;
the gas entering the anode and the gas entering the cathode are subjected to electrochemical reaction inside to output electric energy;
high temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the combustion chamber outlet to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-temperature steam discharged from the steam turbine provides heat for fuel preheating, air preheating and water preheating for fuel reforming reaction, and provides heat for the domestic water module;
the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile are monitored, the fuel flow entering the anode of the SOFC electric pile and the air flow entering the cathode of the SOFC electric pile are regulated according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the SOFC electric pile and the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, so that the system gradually reaches a rated working state, the uniform temperature of the SOFC electric pile is ensured, the temperature is gradually increased, the low-power operation stage is ended when the temperature of the SOFC electric pile is increased to the set working temperature, and the SOFC electric pile enters the normal-power operation stage;
4. The normal power operation phase control includes the steps of:
fuel circulation: the pretreated fuel enters a fuel pre-reformer to carry out reforming reaction with water for fuel reforming reaction, and a reforming reaction product enters an anode of the SOFC stack;
air circulation: the pretreated air enters the cathode of the SOFC stack, and the gas exhausted from the two poles of the SOFC stack enters the combustion chamber respectively;
the gas entering the anode and the gas entering the cathode are subjected to electrochemical reaction inside to output electric energy;
high temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the combustion chamber outlet to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-temperature steam discharged from the steam turbine provides heat for fuel preheating, air preheating and water preheating for fuel reforming reaction, and provides heat for the domestic water module;
and monitoring the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, respectively adjusting the fuel flow entering the anode and the air flow entering the cathode of the SOFC electric pile according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, ensuring that the SOFC electric pile is maintained at a set working temperature, and maintaining thermoelectric balance.
In the above steps, the difference between the temperature of the gas entering the two electrodes of the SOFC stack and the temperature of the two electrodes of the SOFC stack is preferably not more than 100 ℃.
The pretreatment of the fuel includes a compression treatment, a desulfurization treatment, and a preheating treatment of the fuel. The pretreatment of the air includes a compression treatment and a preheating treatment.
During operation, the temperature of the combustion chamber is monitored, and when the temperature of the combustion chamber exceeds a predetermined value, air which is not preheated is introduced into the combustion chamber.
When the thermoelectric load fluctuates, the high-temperature steam at the outlet of the combustion chamber is split to balance the thermoelectric load.
The schematic diagram of the cogeneration system based on SOFC-GT combination for realizing the operation method of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises an SOFC power generation system, a combustion chamber 2, a steam power generation system, a temperature monitoring system, an operation control system and a domestic water module 26.
The SOFC power generation system comprises an SOFC stack 20 formed by combining a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells in series, an air supply module, a fuel supply module and a fuel reforming reaction water module, and is used for performing electrochemical reaction to output electric energy. The combustion chamber 2 is used for generating high temperature steam. The steam power generation system comprises a steam turbine 5 and a generator 4, and is used for utilizing high-temperature steam generated by the combustion chamber 2 to drive the generator 4 to generate power through the steam turbine 5 so as to output electric energy. The temperature monitoring system comprises an anode temperature monitoring module 16, a cathode temperature monitoring module 19, a combustion chamber temperature monitoring module 3, a stack anode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 28, a stack cathode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 29 and a fuel pre-reformer temperature monitoring module 27, and is used for monitoring the anode temperature, the cathode temperature, the combustion chamber temperature, the gas temperature entering the anode, the gas temperature entering the cathode and the fuel pre-reformer temperature in the SOFC power generation system. The operation control system is used for adjusting the air flow, the fuel flow, the water flow and the high-temperature steam flow entering the SOFC power generation system and the steam power generation system according to the temperature of each temperature monitoring module and the change of the thermoelectric demand on the load side, so that the thermoelectric load is balanced. The high temperature steam generated by the SOFC power generation system is used to heat air, fuel reforming reaction water and provide heat energy for the domestic water module 26 in addition to power generation. The domestic water module 26 provides hot water to the user.
In this embodiment, the air supply module includes an air compressor 11 and an air preheater 13. The fuel supply module includes a fuel compressor 6, a desulfurizer 7, a fuel preheater 8, and a fuel pre-reformer 10. The fuel reforming reaction water module includes a water supply pump 24 and a fuel reforming reaction water preheater 25. The operation control system comprises a controller, a first valve 1, a second valve 9, a third valve 12, a fourth valve 15, a fifth valve 22, a sixth valve 23, a seventh valve 14, an eighth valve 21 and a connecting pipeline. The first valve 1, the second valve 9, the third valve 12, the fourth valve 15, the fifth valve 22 and the sixth valve 23 adopt split-flow three-way valves, the seventh valve 14 is a three-in one-out valve, and the eighth valve 21 is a one-in three-out valve.
The fuel input pipeline is connected with the inlet of the fuel compressor 6, the outlet of the fuel compressor 6 is connected with the fuel inlet of the fuel preheater 8 through the desulfurizer 7, the fuel is divided into two paths at the outlet of the fuel preheater 8, one path enters the combustion chamber 2, the other path enters the anode 17 of the solid oxide fuel cell, and the specific connection is as follows: the fuel outlet of the fuel preheater 8 is connected with the inlet of the second valve 9, the first outlet A2 of the second valve 9 is connected with the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber 2, the second outlet B2 of the second valve 9 is connected with the fuel inlet of the fuel pre-reformer 10, and the outlet of the fuel pre-reformer 10 is connected with the anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20 through the second inlet B7 of the seventh valve 14 and the outlet of the seventh valve 14. The air input pipeline is connected with the inlet of the air compressor 11, the outlet of the air compressor 11 is divided into two paths, one path enters the combustion chamber 2, the other path enters the air preheater 13, the preheated air flowing out of the outlet of the air preheater 13 is also divided into two paths, one path enters the anode 17, and the other path enters the cathode 18. The concrete connection is as follows: the outlet of the air compressor 11 is connected with the inlet of the third valve 12, the second outlet B3 of the third valve 12 is connected with the air inlet of the air preheater 13, and the first outlet A3 of the third valve 12 is connected with the air inlet of the combustion chamber 2; the air outlet of the air preheater 13 is connected to the inlet of the fourth valve 15, the first outlet A4 of the fourth valve 15 is connected to the anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20 through the third inlet C7 of the seventh valve 14 and the outlet of the seventh valve 14, and the second outlet B4 of the fourth valve 15 is connected to the cathode 18 of the SOFC stack 20.
The tap water outlet of the tap water supply system is connected with the inlet of the water supply pump 24, the outlet of the water supply pump 24 is connected with the inlet of the water preheater 25 for the fuel reforming reaction, and the outlet of the water preheater 25 for the fuel reforming reaction is connected with the water inlet for the fuel reforming reaction of the fuel pre-reformer 10.
The high-temperature steam flowing out of the combustion chamber is divided into two paths, one path provides power for the steam turbine, and the other path provides heat for fuel, air, water for fuel reforming reaction, domestic water and the like. The concrete connection is as follows: the outlet of the combustion chamber 2 is connected with the inlet of the first valve 1, the second outlet B1 of the first valve 1 is connected with the steam inlet of the steam turbine 5, and the first outlet A1 of the first valve 1 is mixed with the high-temperature steam flowing out of the steam outlet of the steam turbine 5 to sequentially provide heat energy for the fuel preheater 8 and the air preheater 13. The high-temperature steam outlet of the air preheater 13 is connected with the inlet of the fifth valve 22, the first outlet A5 of the fifth valve 22 is connected with the inlet of the sixth valve 23, and the second outlet B5 of the fifth valve 22 is connected with the anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20 through the first inlet A7 of the seventh valve 14 and the outlet of the seventh valve 14; the high temperature gas flowing out of the first outlet A6 of the sixth valve 23 provides heat energy for the water preheater 25 for the fuel reforming reaction. The second outlet B6 of the sixth valve 23 provides thermal energy to the domestic water module 26. When the SOFC stack 20 is operated at normal power to meet the electrical load demand, the second outlet B1 of the first valve 1 is closed, the first outlet A1 of the first valve 1 is opened, and the high-temperature steam at the outlet of the combustion chamber 2 is used for preheating fuel gas, air and water for fuel reforming reaction and providing heat energy for the raw water utilization module. When the electric power output by the SOFC stack 20 is insufficient to meet the electric load demand, the opening degrees of the first outlet A1 and the second outlet B1 of the first valve 1 are adjusted, and the generator 4 and the SOFC stack 20 jointly generate electricity.
Since the types of the anode 17 gas introduced into the SOFC stack 20 are different in different operation stages of the system, according to the change of the types of the anode 17 gas introduced into the system, the outlet gas of the anode 17 is divided into three branches through the eighth valve 21, when the anode 17 gas is preheated air, the anode 17 gas is mixed with the exhaust gas of the cathode 18 through the second outlet B8 of the eighth valve 21 and introduced into the combustion chamber 2, when the anode 17 gas is high-temperature steam, the domestic hot water module 26 is heated through the third outlet C8 of the eighth valve 21, and when the anode 17 gas is preheated fuel, the anode 17 gas is introduced into the combustion chamber 2 through the first outlet A8 of the eighth valve 21. The concrete connection is as follows: the outlet of the anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20 is connected with the inlet of the eighth valve 21, and the first outlet A8 of the eighth valve 21 is connected with the first outlet A2 of the second valve 9 in parallel and then connected with the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber 2; the second outlet B8 of the eighth valve 21 is connected in parallel with the outlet of the cathode 18 and then connected with the air inlet of the combustion chamber 2; the high temperature steam flowing out through the third outlet C8 of the eighth valve 21 provides heat energy for the domestic hot water module 26.
When the system is in the preheating stage, the high-temperature steam is divided into two branches after passing through the high-temperature steam outlet of the air preheater 13, one branch enters the anode 17 preheating electric pile of the SOFC electric pile 20 through the second outlet B5 of the fifth valve 22, the first inlet A7 of the seventh valve 14 and the outlet of the seventh valve 14, and the other branch enters the inlet of the sixth valve 23 through the first outlet A5 of the fifth valve 22.
The controller controls the opening and closing or opening of the corresponding interfaces of the first valve 1, the second valve 9, the third valve 12, the fourth valve 15, the fifth valve 22, the sixth valve 23, the seventh valve 14 and the eighth valve 21 according to the temperatures monitored by the anode temperature monitoring module 16, the cathode temperature monitoring module 19, the combustion chamber temperature monitoring module 3, the stack anode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 28, the stack cathode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 29 and the fuel pre-converter temperature monitoring module 27.
Example 1
The working temperature of the SOFC stack 20 is set to 750 ℃, a stack anode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 28 is arranged at the outlet of the seventh valve 14, a stack cathode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 29 is arranged at the outlet of the fourth valve 15 to monitor the gas temperature entering the anode and cathode of the SOFC stack, so that the temperature difference between the gas temperature entering the SOFC stack 20 and the lowest temperature of the SOFC stack 20 is not more than 100 ℃. That is, the difference between the temperature of the gas entering the stack anode and the temperature of the stack anode is not more than 100 ℃, and the difference between the temperature of the gas entering the stack cathode and the temperature of the stack cathode is not more than 100 ℃.
The SOFC stack 20 adopts a mode of combining internal reforming and external reforming, a fuel pre-reformer temperature monitoring module 27 is arranged at the fuel pre-reformer 10, and when the reaction temperature in the fuel pre-reformer 10 reaches 550 ℃, the fuel is considered to be introduced into the anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20 for chemical reaction.
Step 1: in the combined heat and power system, during the starting stage, a first outlet A1 of a first valve 1, a second outlet B2 of a second valve 9, a first outlet A3 of a third valve 12, a second outlet B5 of a fifth valve 22, a first outlet A6 of a sixth valve 23, a first inlet A7 and a second inlet B7 of a seventh valve 14, a first outlet A8 and a third outlet C8 of an eighth valve 21 are closed, and other valve inlets and outlets are opened to introduce fuel and air. Wherein fuel enters the combustion chamber 2 through the first outlet A2 of the second valve 9 after passing through the fuel compressor 6, the desulfurizer 7 and the fuel preheater 8. Air enters an air inlet of the air preheater 13 after passing through the air compressor 11 and a second outlet B3 of the third valve 12, enters an inlet of the fourth valve 15 after passing through an air outlet of the air preheater 13, is divided into two branches at an outlet of the fourth valve 15, one branch enters an anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20 through a first outlet A4 of the fourth valve 15 and a third inlet C7 of the seventh valve 14, the other branch enters a cathode 18 of the SOFC stack 20 through a second outlet B4 of the fourth valve 15, exhaust gas of the anode 17 and the cathode 18 of the SOFC stack 20 are mixed together and enter a combustion chamber 2, high-temperature steam at an outlet of the combustion chamber 2 enters a steam turbine 5 through a second outlet B1 of the first valve 1 to drive a generator 4 to generate electricity, and the high-temperature steam at an outlet of the steam turbine 5 passes through the fuel preheater 8 and the air preheater 13 respectively, heats a hot water life module 26 through a first outlet A5 of the fifth valve 22 and a second outlet B6 of the sixth valve 23 and then is discharged out of the system. In the starting operation process, the temperature of two poles of the SOFC electric pile 20 is respectively monitored through the anode temperature monitoring module 16 and the cathode temperature monitoring module 19, the temperature of the gas entering the two poles is respectively monitored through the electric pile anode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 28 and the electric pile cathode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 29, the air flow of two branches of two outlets of the fourth valve 15 is regulated according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, the SOFC electric pile 20 is ensured to be heated uniformly and the temperature is gradually increased, the starting stage is ended when the temperature of the SOFC electric pile 20 is increased to 240-260 ℃, and the preheating stage is entered.
Step 2: in the preheating stage of the cogeneration system, the first outlet A1 of the first valve 1, the second outlet B2 of the second valve 9, the first outlet A3 of the third valve 12, the first outlet A4 of the fourth valve 15, the first outlet A6 of the sixth valve 23, the second inlet B7 and the third inlet C7 of the seventh valve 14, the first outlet A8 and the second outlet B8 of the eighth valve 21 are closed, and other valve inlets and outlets are opened to introduce fuel and air. Wherein fuel enters the combustion chamber 2 through the first outlet A2 of the second valve 9 after passing through the fuel compressor 6, the desulfurizer 7 and the fuel preheater 8. Air enters an air inlet of the air preheater 13 through the air compressor 11 and the second outlet B3 of the third valve 12, enters the cathode 18 of the SOFC stack 20 through the air outlet of the air preheater 13 through the second outlet B4 of the fourth valve 15 to preheat the stack, and exhaust gas from the cathode 18 of the SOFC stack 20 enters the combustion chamber 2. The high-temperature steam at the outlet of the combustion chamber 2 enters the steam turbine 5 through the second outlet B1 of the first valve 1 to drive the generator 4 to generate power, the high-temperature steam at the outlet of the steam turbine 5 is divided into two branches at the fifth valve 22 after passing through the fuel preheater 8 and the air preheater 13, one branch enters the anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20 to preheat the stack through the second outlet B5 of the fifth valve 22 and the first inlet A7 of the seventh valve 14, and the other branch is discharged out of the system after being mixed with the exhaust gas of the anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20 to heat the domestic hot water module 26 through the first outlet A5 of the fifth valve 22 and the second outlet B6 of the sixth valve 23.
The temperature of two poles of the SOFC electric pile 20 is respectively monitored through an anode temperature monitoring module 16 and a cathode temperature monitoring module 19, the temperature of the gas entering the two poles is respectively monitored through an electric pile anode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 28 and an electric pile cathode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 29, according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the SOFC electric pile and the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, the inlet flow of the third valve 12 and the opening of the first outlet A5 and the second outlet B5 of the fifth valve 22 are regulated, so that the air flow entering the cathode of the SOFC electric pile and the heat supply entering the anode and the domestic hot water module of the SOFC electric pile are regulated, the uniform heating and the gradual temperature rise of the SOFC electric pile 20 are ensured, the preheating stage is ended when the temperature of the SOFC electric pile 20 rises to 440-460 ℃, and the low-power operation stage is entered.
Step 3: in the cogeneration system of the invention, during the low-power operation stage of the SOFC stack 20, the first outlet A1 of the first valve 1, the first outlet A4 of the fourth valve 15, the second outlet B5 of the fifth valve 22, the second outlet B6 of the sixth valve 23, the first inlet A7 and the third inlet C7 of the seventh valve 14, the second outlet B8 and the third outlet C8 of the eighth valve 21 and other valve inlets and outlets are all opened, and fuel, air and water are introduced. Wherein, the fuel is divided into two branches after passing through the fuel compressor 6, the desulfurizer 7 and the fuel preheater 8, one branch enters the fuel pre-reformer 10 through the second outlet B2 of the second valve 9, the fuel at the outlet of the fuel pre-reformer 10 enters the anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20 through the second inlet B7 of the seventh valve 14, and the other branch enters the combustion chamber 2 through the first outlet A2 of the second valve 9 and the exhaust gas at the anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20. The air is divided into two branches after passing through the air compressor 11, one branch enters the air inlet of the air preheater 13 through the second outlet B3 of the third valve 12, enters the cathode 18 of the SOFC stack 20 through the air outlet of the air preheater 13 through the second outlet B4 of the fourth valve 15, and the other branch enters the combustion chamber 2 through the first outlet A3 of the third valve 12 and the exhaust gas of the cathode 18 of the SOFC stack 20. Tap water enters the fuel pre-reformer 10 after passing through a tap water pump 24 and a water preheater 25 for fuel reforming reaction. The high-temperature steam at the outlet of the combustion chamber 2 enters the steam turbine 5 through the second outlet B1 of the first valve 1 to drive the generator 4 to generate electricity, the high-temperature steam at the outlet of the steam turbine 5 respectively passes through the fuel preheater 8 and the air preheater 13, then passes through the water preheater 24 for the fuel reforming reaction through the first outlet A5 of the fifth valve 22 and the first outlet A6 of the sixth valve 23, and then is discharged out of the system after heating the domestic hot water module 26.
The temperature of two poles of the SOFC stack 20 is respectively monitored through the anode temperature monitoring module 16 and the cathode temperature monitoring module 19, the temperature of the gas entering the two poles is respectively monitored through the anode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 28 and the cathode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 29 of the stack, according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC stack and the temperature difference between the SOFC stack and the gas entering the two poles of the stack, the opening of the second outlet B2 of the second valve 9 and the opening of the second outlet B3 of the third valve 12 are adjusted to gradually increase the fuel flow entering the anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20 and the air flow entering the cathode 18, so that the system gradually reaches the rated working state, the temperature of the SOFC stack 20 is ensured to be uniform and gradually increased, and the low-power operation stage is ended when the temperature of the SOFC stack 20 is increased to 750 ℃ and the normal-power operation stage is entered.
Step 4: in the combined heat and power system, during the normal power operation stage of the SOFC stack 20, the first outlet A2 of the second valve 9, the first outlet A4 of the fourth valve 15, the second outlet B5 of the fifth valve 22, the second outlet B6 of the sixth valve 23, the first inlet A7 and the third inlet C7 of the seventh valve 14, the second outlet B8 and the third outlet C8 of the eighth valve 21 are closed, and the inlets and outlets of other valves are opened to introduce fuel, air and water. Wherein, the fuel enters the inlet of the fuel pre-converter 10 through the second outlet B2 of the second valve 9 after passing through the fuel compressor 6, the desulfurizer 7 and the fuel preheater 8, and enters the anode 17 of the SOFC stack 20 through the outlet of the fuel pre-converter 10 and the second inlet B7 of the seventh valve 14. Air enters the air preheater 13 through the air compressor 11 and the second outlet B3 of the third valve 12, enters the cathode 18 of the SOFC stack 20 through the second outlet B4 of the fourth valve 15, and exhaust gas of the anode 17 and the cathode 18 of the SOFC stack 20 enters the combustion chamber 2 respectively. Tap water enters the fuel pre-reformer 10 after passing through a tap water pump 24 and a water preheater 25 for fuel reforming reaction. The high-temperature steam at the outlet of the combustion chamber 2 enters the steam turbine 5 through the second outlet B1 of the first valve 1 to drive the generator 4 to generate power, the high-temperature steam at the outlet of the steam turbine 5 respectively passes through the fuel preheater 8 and the air preheater 13, then passes through the water preheater 25 for the fuel reforming reaction through the first outlet A5 of the fifth valve 22 and the first outlet A6 of the sixth valve 23, and then is discharged out of the system after being heated by the domestic hot water module 26.
The temperature of two poles of the SOFC stack 20 is monitored through an anode temperature monitoring module 16 and a cathode temperature monitoring module 19, the temperature of the gas entering the two poles is respectively monitored through a stack anode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 28 and a stack cathode inlet gas temperature monitoring module 29, and the fuel flow entering the anode 17 and the air flow entering the cathode 18 of the SOFC stack 20 are respectively regulated according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC stack and the temperature difference between the SOFC stack and the gas entering the two poles of the stack, so that the SOFC stack 20 is ensured to be maintained at 750 ℃.
The temperature of the combustion chamber 2 is monitored by the combustion chamber temperature monitoring module 3, and when the temperature of the combustion chamber 2 exceeds a predetermined value, the first outlet A3 of the third valve 12 is opened to introduce air which is not preheated into the combustion chamber 2.
When the thermoelectric load fluctuates, the thermoelectric load is balanced by adjusting the flow rates of the high-temperature steam at the first outlet A1 and the second outlet B1 of the first valve 1.
The invention discloses a cogeneration system and an operation method thereof, wherein a temperature monitoring module is utilized to monitor the temperatures of an anode and a cathode of a galvanic pile in real time, the temperature of a combustion chamber is monitored, the flow direction and the flow rate of fuel, air, water and high-temperature steam are dynamically regulated through the switching of interfaces among different valves in an operation control system, the high-temperature gas is utilized to preheat an SOFC galvanic pile, the flow rate of the high-temperature gas is regulated, the galvanic pile is ensured to be heated uniformly, the SOFC galvanic pile and a generator are utilized to jointly generate electricity, the high-temperature steam is utilized to heat domestic hot water, and the requirements of electric heating loads on a load side can be met at the same time in the starting and operation stages of the system. The cogeneration system has high energy utilization rate and low heat emission, and is particularly suitable for cogeneration of houses and buildings.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An operation method based on an SOFC-GT combined heat and power combined supply system is characterized in that the SOFC combined heat and power combined supply system is an SOFC electric pile and steam turbine combined heat and power system formed by serially connecting solid oxide fuel cells, and comprises a start-up stage control, a preheating stage control, a low-power operation stage control and a normal operation stage control;
(1) The start-up phase control comprises the following steps:
fuel circulation: the pretreated fuel enters a combustion chamber;
air circulation: one path of pretreated air enters the anode of the SOFC stack, the other path enters the cathode of the SOFC stack, and the temperatures of the anode and the cathode of the SOFC stack are increased; mixing the gas exhausted from the anode and the cathode of the SOFC stack and then entering the combustion chamber;
high temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the outlet of the combustion chamber to drive the generator to generate power, and the high-temperature steam discharged from the steam turbine provides heat energy for fuel preheating and air preheating and provides heat energy for a raw water module;
The temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile are monitored, the air flow entering the two poles of the SOFC electric pile is regulated according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, so that the two poles of the SOFC electric pile are heated uniformly, and when the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile reaches 240-260 ℃, the starting stage is ended, and the preheating stage is entered;
(2) The preheating stage control comprises the following steps:
fuel circulation: the pretreated fuel enters the combustion chamber;
air circulation: the pretreated air enters a cathode of the SOFC stack to raise the temperature of the cathode, and the gas exhausted from the cathode of the SOFC stack enters the combustion chamber;
high temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the combustion chamber outlet to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-temperature steam exhausted from the steam turbine provides heat energy for fuel preheating and air preheating, and then part of the high-temperature steam enters the anode of the SOFC stack to raise the anode temperature of the SOFC stack; mixing the high-temperature steam after fuel preheating and air preheating with the high-temperature steam discharged from the anode of the SOFC stack, and providing heat energy for the domestic water module;
The temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile are monitored, the air flow entering the cathode of the SOFC electric pile and the high-temperature steam flow entering the anode of the SOFC electric pile are regulated according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, so that the two poles of the SOFC electric pile are heated uniformly, and when the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile reaches 440-460 ℃, the preheating stage is ended, and the low-power operation stage is entered;
(3) The low power operational phase control includes the steps of:
fuel circulation: one path of pretreated fuel enters a fuel pre-reformer to carry out reforming reaction with water for fuel reforming reaction, and a reforming reaction product enters an anode of the SOFC stack; the other path of the mixed gas is mixed with the exhaust gas of the anode of the SOFC stack and then enters the combustion chamber;
air circulation: one path of pretreated air enters the cathode of the SOFC stack, and the other path of pretreated air enters the combustion chamber after being mixed with the exhaust of the cathode of the SOFC stack;
the gas entering the anode and the gas entering the cathode are subjected to electrochemical reaction inside to output electric energy;
high temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the combustion chamber outlet to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-temperature steam discharged from the steam turbine provides heat for fuel preheating, air preheating and water preheating for fuel reforming reaction, and provides heat for the domestic water module;
The temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile are monitored, the fuel flow entering the anode of the SOFC electric pile and the air flow entering the cathode of the SOFC electric pile are regulated according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the SOFC electric pile and the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, so that the system gradually reaches a rated working state, the uniform temperature of the SOFC electric pile is ensured, the temperature is gradually increased, the low-power operation stage is ended when the temperature of the SOFC electric pile is increased to the set working temperature, and the SOFC electric pile enters the normal-power operation stage;
(4) The normal power operation phase control includes the steps of:
fuel circulation: the pretreated fuel enters a fuel pre-reformer to carry out reforming reaction with water for fuel reforming reaction, and a reforming reaction product enters an anode of the SOFC stack;
air circulation: the pretreated air enters the cathode of the SOFC stack, and the gas exhausted from the two poles of the SOFC stack enters the combustion chamber respectively;
the gas entering the anode and the gas entering the cathode are subjected to electrochemical reaction inside to output electric energy;
high temperature steam cycle: high-temperature steam generated by combustion enters the steam turbine from the combustion chamber outlet to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-temperature steam discharged from the steam turbine provides heat for fuel preheating, air preheating and water preheating for fuel reforming reaction, and provides heat for the domestic water module;
And monitoring the temperature of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature of the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, respectively adjusting the fuel flow entering the anode and the air flow entering the cathode of the SOFC electric pile according to the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the temperature difference between the temperature information of the two poles of the SOFC electric pile and the gas entering the two poles of the electric pile, ensuring that the SOFC electric pile is maintained at a set working temperature, and maintaining thermoelectric balance.
2. A method of operating a SOFC-GT cogeneration system based on claim 1, wherein the temperature of the combustion chamber is monitored and when the temperature of the combustion chamber exceeds a predetermined value, air is introduced into the combustion chamber that is not preheated.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the high temperature steam at the combustor outlet is split to balance the thermoelectric load as the thermoelectric load fluctuates.
4. The method of operation of a SOFC-GT cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the pretreatment of the fuel comprises a compression treatment, a desulfurization treatment, and a pre-heat treatment of the fuel.
5. The method of operation of a SOFC-GT cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the pretreatment of the air comprises a compression treatment and a pre-heat treatment.
6. A cogeneration system based on SOFC-GT combination for implementing the operating method of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising an SOFC power generation system, a combustion chamber, a steam power generation system, a temperature monitoring system, an operation control system and a domestic water module; the SOFC power generation system comprises an SOFC electric pile formed by connecting a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells in series, an air supply module, a fuel supply module and a fuel reforming reaction water module, and is used for performing electrochemical reaction to output electric energy; the combustion chamber is used for generating high-temperature steam; the steam power generation system comprises a steam turbine and a generator, and is used for utilizing high-temperature steam generated by the combustion chamber to drive the generator to generate power through the steam turbine so as to output electric energy; the temperature monitoring system comprises an anode temperature monitoring module, a cathode temperature monitoring module, a combustion chamber temperature monitoring module, a pile anode inlet gas temperature monitoring module, a pile cathode inlet gas temperature monitoring module and a fuel pre-reformer temperature monitoring module; for monitoring anode temperature, cathode temperature, the combustor temperature, the SOFC stack anode and cathode inlet gas temperatures, and the fuel pre-reformer temperature in the SOFC stack; the operation control system is used for adjusting the air flow, fuel flow, water flow and high-temperature steam flow entering the SOFC power generation system and the steam power generation system according to the temperature of each temperature monitoring module and the change of the thermoelectric demand on the load side so as to realize the balance of thermoelectric load; the high-temperature steam generated by the SOFC power generation system is used for heating air, fuel and water for fuel reforming reaction and providing heat for the domestic water module besides power generation; the domestic water module provides hot water for users.
7. The cogeneration system based on SOFC-GT combination of claim 6, wherein the air supply module comprises an air compressor and an air preheater; the fuel supply module comprises a fuel compressor, a desulfurizer, a fuel preheater and a fuel pre-converter; the fuel reforming reaction water module comprises a water supply pump and a fuel reforming reaction water preheater; the operation control system comprises a controller, a first valve, a second valve, a third valve, a fourth valve, a fifth valve, a sixth valve, a seventh valve, an eighth valve and a connecting pipeline;
the outlet of the fuel compressor is connected with the fuel inlet of the fuel preheater through the desulfurizer, the fuel outlet of the fuel preheater is connected with the inlet of the second valve, the first outlet of the second valve is connected with the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber, the second outlet of the second valve is connected with the fuel inlet of the fuel pre-reformer, and the outlet of the fuel pre-reformer is connected with the anode of the SOFC stack through the second inlet of the seventh valve and the outlet of the seventh valve;
the outlet of the air compressor is connected with the inlet of the third valve, the second outlet of the third valve is connected with the air inlet of the air preheater, and the first outlet of the third valve is connected with the air inlet of the combustion chamber; the air outlet of the air preheater is connected with the inlet of the fourth valve, the first outlet of the fourth valve is connected with the anode of the SOFC stack through the third inlet of the seventh valve and the outlet of the seventh valve, and the second outlet of the fourth valve is connected with the cathode of the SOFC stack;
The outlet of the water supply pump is connected with the inlet of the water preheater for the fuel reforming reaction, and the outlet of the water preheater for the fuel reforming reaction is connected with the water inlet for the fuel reforming reaction of the fuel pre-reformer;
the outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with the inlet of the first valve, the second outlet of the first valve is connected with the steam inlet of the steam turbine, and the first outlet of the first valve is mixed with high-temperature steam flowing out of the steam outlet of the steam turbine to provide heat energy for the fuel preheater and the air preheater; the high-temperature steam outlet of the air preheater is connected with the inlet of the fifth valve, the first outlet of the fifth valve is connected with the inlet of the sixth valve, and the second outlet of the fifth valve is connected with the anode of the SOFC stack through the first inlet of the seventh valve and the outlet of the seventh valve; the high-temperature steam flowing out of the second outlet of the sixth valve provides heat energy for the domestic water module, and the high-temperature steam flowing out of the first outlet of the sixth valve provides heat energy for the water preheater for the fuel reforming reaction;
the anode outlet of the SOFC stack is connected with the inlet of the eighth valve, and the first outlet of the eighth valve is connected with the first outlet of the second valve in parallel and then is connected with the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber; the second outlet of the eighth valve is connected with the outlet of the SOFC stack cathode in parallel and then connected with the air inlet of the combustion chamber; the high-temperature steam flowing out of the third outlet of the eighth valve provides heat energy for the domestic water module;
The controller controls the opening and closing or opening of the corresponding interfaces of the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, the seventh valve and the eighth valve according to the temperature information obtained by the anode temperature monitoring module, the cathode temperature monitoring module, the combustion chamber temperature monitoring module, the electric pile anode inlet gas temperature monitoring module, the electric pile cathode inlet gas temperature monitoring module and the fuel pre-converter temperature monitoring module, and adjusts thermoelectric balance.
8. The cogeneration system based on SOFC-GT combination of claim 7, wherein the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve, and the sixth valve each employ a split three-way valve.
9. The cogeneration system based on SOFC-GT combination of claim 7, wherein the seventh valve is a three-in one-out valve and the eighth valve is a one-in three-out valve.
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