CN114999093B - Method and system for recognizing smoke plume and early warning of forest fire - Google Patents

Method and system for recognizing smoke plume and early warning of forest fire Download PDF

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CN114999093B
CN114999093B CN202210845025.6A CN202210845025A CN114999093B CN 114999093 B CN114999093 B CN 114999093B CN 202210845025 A CN202210845025 A CN 202210845025A CN 114999093 B CN114999093 B CN 114999093B
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aerosol
smoke plume
judging
target area
characteristic parameters
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CN114999093A (en
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魏方志
夏海云
章振
舒志峰
余赛芬
薛捷升
李盛浩
靳致远
夏秋炜
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Jiangsu Guangzai Technology Co ltd
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/117—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means by using a detection device for specific gases, e.g. combustion products, produced by the fire
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for identifying smoke plume and early warning of forest fire in the technical field of forest fire prevention, wherein the method for identifying smoke plume comprises the steps of scanning a target area to obtain laser radar scanning data; processing the scanning data of the laser radar to obtain characteristic parameters of the aerosol in a target area; and judging whether the aerosol is the smoke plume or not according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol. The invention can accurately distinguish smoke plumes generated by combustion from cloud and mist through scanning the aerosol in the target area and the speed domain and the outline information of the aerosol, thereby providing favorable data support for forest fire early warning.

Description

Method and system for identifying smoke plume and early warning of forest fire
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forest fire prevention, and particularly relates to a method and a system for recognizing smoke plume and early warning of forest fire.
Background
Along with the gradual rise of global temperature, artificial activities are increased, combustible substances in forest areas are gradually increased, and the characteristics of violent and frequent forest fires are more obvious. Once a forest fire happens, the forest fire often has the characteristics of large area, high fire area temperature and the like, the fire behavior is difficult to control, and the forest fire seriously damages the natural environment and the life and property safety of related personnel. Before the fire flame occurs, there is a period of smoldering during which smoke plume is produced. If the smoke plume can be detected early and accurately, the loss caused by fire can be reduced. In the prior art, due to the influence of factors such as observation means, weather conditions (such as cloud and fog shielding) and the like, the smoke generated by the early onset of the fire disaster is difficult to accurately identify, so that the problem that early warning on the forest fire disaster cannot be timely carried out is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method and the system for identifying the smoke plume and early warning the forest fire, which can accurately distinguish the smoke plume generated by combustion from cloud and mist and provide favorable data support for early warning the forest fire.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a method for identifying a smoke plume is provided, comprising: scanning the target area to obtain laser radar scanning data; processing the scanning data of the laser radar to obtain characteristic parameters of the aerosol in a target area; and judging whether the aerosol is smoke plume according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol.
Further, the characteristic parameters include horizontal velocity, vertical velocity and profile information of the aerosol.
Further, the processing the laser radar scanning data includes: obtaining the radial velocity of the aerosol in the target area through velocity and azimuth display, and obtaining the vector wind speed through inversion; thereby obtaining the vertical and horizontal velocities of the aerosol within the target region.
Further, the determining whether the aerosol is a smoke plume according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol includes: when the vertical speed of the aerosol is greater than 1m/s, judging the aerosol to be smoke plume; otherwise, judging the aerosol to be fog or cloud.
Further, the processing the laser radar scanning data further includes: and obtaining the contour line of the aerosol in the target region by obtaining the backscattering intensity of the aerosol in the target region, thereby obtaining the contour information of the aerosol.
Further, the determining whether the aerosol is a smoke plume according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol includes: when the outline information of the aerosol is in a large-range diffuse state, judging that the aerosol is fog or cloud; and when the outline information of the aerosol is in a long and narrow state, judging the aerosol to be smoke plume.
In a second aspect, a system for identifying a plume is provided, comprising: the laser radar is used for scanning the target area to obtain laser radar scanning data; the data processing module is used for processing the scanning data of the laser radar to obtain characteristic parameters of the aerosol in the target area; and the judging module is used for judging whether the aerosol belongs to the smoke plume according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol.
In a third aspect, a forest fire early warning method is provided, including: judging whether the aerosol is smoke plume or not by adopting the method for identifying the smoke plume in the first aspect; when the judgment result is that: when the aerosol is smoke plume, the forest fire is considered to occur, and early warning information is sent out.
In a fourth aspect, a forest fire early warning system is provided, comprising: a smoke plume identification device, configured to determine whether the aerosol is a smoke plume by using the method for identifying smoke plume according to the first aspect; the early warning device is used for judging that the result is: when the aerosol is smoke plume, the forest fire is considered to occur, and early warning information is sent out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method comprises the steps of processing laser radar scanning data to obtain characteristic parameters of aerosol in a target area; whether the aerosol is smoke plume is judged according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol, the smoke plume generated by combustion can be accurately distinguished from cloud and mist, and favorable data support is provided for forest fire early warning;
(2) The invention judges whether the forest fire occurs or not according to the speed information and/or the outline information of the aerosol, and simultaneously sends out early warning information when judging that the forest fire occurs, thereby timely and accurately early warning the forest fire.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main flow of a forest fire early warning method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating VAD scanning according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cloud and fog shapes obtained by lidar scanning;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the shape of a smoke plume obtained by lidar scanning.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a method of identifying a plume, comprising: scanning the target area to obtain laser radar scanning data; processing the scanning data of the laser radar to obtain characteristic parameters of the aerosol in the target area; and judging whether the aerosol is smoke plume according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol.
The characteristic parameters include horizontal velocity, vertical velocity and profile information of the aerosol.
Smoke plume associated with forest fires may rise. After the smoke plume leaves the smoke source, the smoke plume is continuously discharged upwards into the atmosphere under the action of the dynamic factor and the thermal factor. The elevation is an important parameter for diffusion estimation and mainly depends on the emission parameters of the smoke source and the meteorological conditions. The greater the upward initial momentum of the flue gas, the higher the power lift; the greater the difference between the temperature of the flue gas and the ambient temperature, the greater the thermal lift and the faster the vertical rise of the plume.
The warm and humid air moves horizontally, passes through the cold ground and water surface, and is gradually cooled to form fog, so that the speed of the cloud and the fog are mainly in the horizontal direction.
Processing the laser radar scanning data to obtain the speed information of the aerosol (the nature of the aerosol is undetermined at this time, and the aerosol may be cloud, fog or smoke plume) in the target area, including: obtaining a vertical contour line of the aerosol in the target area through speed and azimuth display, thereby obtaining a maximum value of the vector wind speed; and according to the vertical contour line of the aerosol and the maximum value of the vector wind speed, obtaining the vertical speed and the horizontal speed of the aerosol in the target area through vector speed inversion.
In this embodiment, horizontal and vertical velocities can be obtained by using lidar horizontal and vertical measurements. The laser radar can accurately obtain the radial velocity of the aerosol in the target area through a Plan Position Indicator (PPI)
Figure 331036DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
. Accurate inversion of tangential velocity
Figure 44914DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
An accurate two-dimensional wind field can be obtained. When the laser radar works at a low elevation angle, the radial speed and the tangential speed are expressed as follows:
Figure 245824DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
wherein the content of the first and second substances,uis the speed in the horizontal x-direction,θis an included angle between the horizontal direction and the radial direction,
Figure 172192DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is the velocity perpendicular to the x direction.
Vertical profile data may be obtained using Velocity Azimuth Display (VAD) scanning. And inverting the three-dimensional wind profile by adopting a filtering sine fitting method (FSWF). The VAD scan is schematically shown in fig. 2.
Laser radar has an elevation angle of
Figure 720985DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Of 1 at
Figure 949972DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
An azimuth angle of
Figure 748164DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Vector of wind
Figure 619168DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Wherein
Figure 819205DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Respectively represent the component velocity of north-south direction, the component velocity of east-west direction and the component velocity of vertical direction, and the direction vector is:
Figure 219093DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
laser radar in azimuth
Figure 707844DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Measured radial velocity of
Figure 976014DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Comprises the following steps:
Figure 905924DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
radial wind speed distribution probability density function:
Figure 866927DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 515077DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
proportionality factor being the ratio of radial wind speed with large error
Figure 321359DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
，
Figure 636934DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
In order to make the wind speed spectrum wide,
Figure 503258DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
is the variance of the radial velocity, approximately equal to the doppler spectral width under low signal-to-noise conditions;
order to
Figure 638705DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
When it comes to
Figure 451940DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
When the maximum value is taken, the vector wind speed
Figure 481076DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
A maximum likelihood estimate is derived. So that a horizontal velocity and a vertical velocity can be obtained.
Judging whether the aerosol is smoke plume according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol, comprising the following steps: when the vertical speed of the aerosol is larger than 1m/s, judging the aerosol as smoke plume and considering that a forest fire occurs; otherwise, judging the aerosol as fog or cloud, and considering that no forest fire occurs.
Example two:
the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the present embodiment further obtains the profile information of the aerosol after obtaining the velocity information of the aerosol in the target region, and determines whether the aerosol is a smoke plume according to the profile information of the aerosol.
Processing the scanning data of the laser radar to obtain the profile information of the aerosol in the target area, wherein the processing comprises the following steps: and obtaining the contour line of the aerosol in the target area by obtaining the backscattering intensity (the intensity of a signal which is reflected by the aerosol through laser generated by a laser radar is the backscattering intensity), thereby obtaining the contour information of the aerosol.
Judging whether the aerosol is smoke plume according to the profile information of the aerosol, comprising the following steps: when the outline information of the aerosol is in a large-range diffuse state (as shown in fig. 3), judging that the aerosol is fog or cloud, and considering that no forest fire occurs; when the profile information of the aerosol is in a narrow and long state (as shown in fig. 4), the aerosol is judged to be smoke plume, and a forest fire is considered to occur.
Example three:
in the embodiment, comprehensive research and judgment are performed by integrating the speed information (horizontal speed and vertical speed of the aerosol) of the aerosol in the target area obtained in the first embodiment and the profile information of the aerosol in the target area obtained in the second embodiment, and the aerosol property is judged to be cloud, fog or smoke plume, so that whether a forest fire occurs is judged.
Example four:
based on the first to third embodiments, the present embodiment provides a system for identifying smoke plumes, including: the laser radar is used for scanning the target area to obtain laser radar scanning data; the data processing module is used for processing the scanning data of the laser radar to obtain characteristic parameters of the aerosol in the target area; and the judging module is used for judging whether the aerosol belongs to the smoke plume according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol.
Example five:
based on the first to third embodiments, the present embodiment provides a forest fire early warning method, including: judging whether the aerosol is the smoke plume or not by adopting the method for identifying the smoke plume in any one of the first embodiment to the third embodiment; when the judgment result is that: when the aerosol is smoke plume, the forest fire is considered to occur, and early warning information is sent out.
Example six:
based on the fifth embodiment, the present embodiment provides a forest fire early warning system, including: a smoke plume identification device, configured to determine whether the aerosol is a smoke plume by using the method for identifying smoke plume described in any one of the first to third embodiments; and the early warning device is used for judging that the result is: when the aerosol is smoke plume, the forest fire is considered to occur, and early warning information is sent out.
The invention utilizes laser radar to detect forest fires and provides a method for identifying smoke plume and a forest fire early warning method. Under the action of dynamic factor and thermal factor, the smoke has vertical upward speed and the fog moves horizontally and has horizontal speed. The laser radar can obtain horizontal velocity and vertical velocity through three-dimensional scanning, so that smoke particles are distinguished through a velocity domain. The laser radar can identify and distinguish the smoke plume and the fog profile while measuring the speed of plane scanning, the smoke plume is in a long and narrow shape, and the fog and the cloud are in a large and diffuse shape. Therefore, smoke plumes, clouds and fog can be accurately and effectively identified through the speed domain and the profile information, and the monitoring and preventing capability of forest fires is improved.
Embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein. The solution in the embodiment of the present application may be implemented by using various computer languages, for example, object-oriented programming language Java and transliteration scripting language JavaScript, etc.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

Claims (6)

1. A method of identifying a plume, comprising:
scanning the target area to obtain laser radar scanning data;
processing the scanning data of the laser radar to obtain characteristic parameters of the aerosol in a target area;
judging whether the aerosol is smoke plume according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol;
the characteristic parameters comprise horizontal speed, vertical speed and profile information of the aerosol;
the processing of the laser radar scanning data comprises:
obtaining the radial velocity of the aerosol in the target area through velocity and azimuth display, and obtaining the vector wind speed through inversion; thereby obtaining the vertical velocity and the horizontal velocity of the aerosol in the target area;
the judging whether the aerosol is smoke plume according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol comprises the following steps: when the vertical speed of the aerosol is more than 1m/s, judging the aerosol as smoke plume; otherwise, judging the aerosol to be fog or cloud.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein processing lidar scanning data further comprises: and obtaining the contour line of the aerosol in the target region by obtaining the backscattering intensity of the aerosol in the target region, thereby obtaining the contour information of the aerosol.
3. The method for identifying smoke plume according to claim 2, wherein said determining whether the aerosol is smoke plume according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol comprises: when the outline information of the aerosol is in a large-range diffusion state, judging the aerosol to be fog or cloud; and when the outline information of the aerosol is in a long and narrow state, judging the aerosol as smoke plume.
4. A system for identifying a plume, comprising:
the laser radar is used for scanning the target area to obtain laser radar scanning data;
the data processing module is used for processing the scanning data of the laser radar to obtain characteristic parameters of the aerosol in the target area;
the judging module is used for judging whether the aerosol belongs to the smoke plume or not according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol;
wherein the characteristic parameters comprise horizontal velocity, vertical velocity and profile information of the aerosol;
the processing of the laser radar scanning data comprises:
obtaining the radial velocity of the aerosol in the target area through velocity and azimuth display, and obtaining the vector wind speed through inversion; thereby obtaining the vertical velocity and the horizontal velocity of the aerosol in the target area;
the judging whether the aerosol is smoke plume according to the characteristic parameters of the aerosol comprises the following steps: when the vertical speed of the aerosol is more than 1m/s, judging the aerosol as smoke plume; otherwise, judging the aerosol to be fog or cloud.
5. A forest fire early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining whether the aerosol is a smoke plume using the method for identifying a smoke plume of claim 1 or claim 3;
when the judgment result is that: when the aerosol is smoke plume, the forest fire is considered to occur, and early warning information is sent out.
6. A forest fire early warning system, characterized by comprising:
a smoke plume identification device, for determining whether the aerosol is a smoke plume by using the method for identifying smoke plume in claim 1 or claim 3;
the early warning device is used for judging that the result is: when the aerosol is smoke plume, the forest fire is considered to occur, and early warning information is sent out.
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