CN114997080A - Method for explaining unstable productivity test data of fracture-cavity gas reservoir - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for explaining unstable productivity test data of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir, which relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration, and is characterized in that a series fracture-cavity system is designed and constructed according to parameters of a gas well of the fracture-cavity gas reservoir; then, constructing a capacity model of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir series structure based on a series fracture-cavity system, and dividing the flow around the well into near-well unit flow and peripheral unit supply flow to form a 3-parameter capacity equation; and finally, estimating the change of the formation pressure of the near-well unit according to the pressure drop of the series fracture-cave system, respectively evaluating the productivity coefficients of the near-well unit and the peripheral unit in a linear regression mode, and predicting the peak regulation capacity of the gas storage well. According to the method, the productivity coefficients of the near well unit and the peripheral unit are respectively evaluated in a linear regression mode by estimating the stratum pressure change of the near well unit, and a simple method is provided for reasonably predicting the peak regulation capability of the gas storage well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration, in particular to a method for explaining unstable productivity test data of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir.
Background
The productivity of the fracture-cavity type gas reservoir is high and is one of the preferable sites of the underground gas storage, but the heterogeneity of the fracture-cavity type gas reservoir is extremely strong, and the connectivity of a fracture-cavity system influences the productivity of a gas well and the peak regulation capability of the gas storage. In the productivity test process of the fracture-cavity gas reservoir, a considerable part of gas wells are not stable under a large-yield test, the flow pressure is linearly reduced, the recovery speed of the shut-in pressure is low, and the final pressure is obviously lower than the initial pressure; the flow pressure of the conventional gas reservoir productivity test shows a rule of descending along with logarithmic time, and after the pressure enters the rule, the industry considers that the test is stable, otherwise, the test is not stable. It is conventionally understood that a small production amount results in a pressure drop in the formation, which is characteristic of a closed reservoir. Compared with the later injection and production dynamic discovery, the test data is evaluated by a conventional method, the predicted gas well yield is higher, and the actual running dynamic storage capacity is far larger than the storage capacity performance during the test. How to reasonably evaluate the productivity of the fracture-cavity gas reservoir gas well becomes a key technology for designing the peak regulation capacity of the gas well of the gas reservoir.
The space distribution of the fracture-cave system is complex, the diversion capacity of the karst cave is extremely high, the flow pressure drop in the karst cave can be ignored, the flow pressure drop of the fracture-cave system is mainly consumed in the cracks connected with the karst cave, and the flow diversion capacity of the cracks on the main runner determines the capacity of the gas well. The prior art cannot correctly explain and analyze abnormal dynamics in the process of testing the productivity of the fracture-cavity gas reservoir, cannot evaluate the productivity coefficients of a near well unit and a peripheral unit, and needs to further improve an explanation method and reasonably evaluate the peak regulation capacity of a gas storage well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a productivity model with a series structure aiming at the abnormal test dynamic state of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir, divides the flow around a well into near-well unit flow and peripheral unit supply flow to form a 3-parameter productivity equation, and respectively evaluates the productivity coefficients of a near-well unit and a peripheral unit in a linear regression mode by estimating the stratum pressure change of the near-well unit so as to provide a simple and convenient method for reasonably predicting the peak regulation capacity of a gas storage well.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for explaining unstable productivity test data of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a fracture-cavity system flow model of a series structure according to fracture-cavity gas reservoir gas well parameters to form a 3-parameter productivity equation of the fracture-cavity gas reservoir;
and S2, estimating the change of the formation pressure of the near-well unit according to the pressure drop of the series fracture-cave system, respectively evaluating the productivity coefficients of the near-well unit and the peripheral unit in a linear regression mode, and predicting the peak regulation capacity of the gas storage well.
Specifically, the step S1 specifically includes: dividing a fracture-cave system communicated with a gas well into a near well unit and a peripheral unit based on gas well parameters in a fracture-cave gas reservoir, and constructing a macroscopic flow model of a series fracture-cave system; describing the flow pressure drop relation of the slotted hole system, and specifically comprising the following sub-steps:
s101, describing flow pressure drop from the near-well unit to the well bore by using a binomial relation
p 2 -p wf 2 ＝Aq+Bq 2
Wherein p is the formation pressure of the near-well unit, p wf The bottom hole flowing pressure is used, A, B is a productivity coefficient, and q is the testing flow of the gas well;
s102, describing flow pressure drop between the near-well unit and the peripheral unit by using a linear relation
p r 2 -p 2 ＝Cq′
Wherein p is r The stratum pressure of the peripheral unit, C is a supply coefficient of the peripheral unit, and q' is a supply flow of the peripheral unit;
s103, when the steady-state flow is formed, q 'is approximately equal to q, and q' is taken to be q, so that a 3-parameter productivity equation of the fracture-cavity gas reservoir is formed
p r 2 -p wf 2 ＝(A+C)q+Bq 2 。
Specifically, the step S2 specifically includes the following sub-steps:
s201, estimating the formation pressure of the near-well unit: the formation pressure of the near-well unit in the short-term productivity test process has the characteristic of keeping parallel decline with the bottom hole flowing pressure of the linear section, the change of the formation pressure of the near-well unit is estimated according to the characteristic, and the initial pressure p of the system is measured in a pressure dynamic graph of the fracture-cave type gas reservoir productivity test r Initially, a parallel line of bottom hole flow pressure is made for the linear section, and the near-well unit formation pressure p at the end of the 1 st operating regime is estimated 1 From p to p 1 The parallel line of the 2 nd working system is started, and so on.
S202, evaluating the storage capacity and replenishment coefficient of the near-well unit: the formation pressure p, which is approximately expressed as a near-well cell, is, according to the material balance equation:
wherein G is p For the cumulative production of a gas well test period,
G′ p for the cumulative amount of replenishment of the peripheral units,
Δp＝p r 2 -p 2 ；
the formation pressure p expression of the near-well unit is transformed into:
defining variables x, y as
The linear relationship is formed:
and (3) taking the formation pressure and the accumulated yield of the near-well unit of each testing working system, calculating x and y according to the formula, forming an (x, y) sequence, and performing linear regression analysis, wherein the obtained intercept is the reservoir capacity G of the near-well unit, and the slope is 1/C.
S203, evaluating the capacity coefficient of the near-well unit: take each testNear-well unit formation pressure p and flowing pressure p at tail end of working system wf With respect to the yield q, coefficients A, B were calculated by linear regression according to conventional binomial analysis:
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a capacity model of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir series structure aiming at abnormal test dynamic in a capacity test process of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir, flow around a well is divided into near-well unit flow and peripheral unit supply flow to form a 3-parameter capacity equation, and capacity coefficients of a near-well unit and a peripheral unit are respectively evaluated in a linear regression mode by estimating the stratum pressure change of the near-well unit, so that a simple and convenient method is provided for reasonably predicting the peak regulation capacity of a gas storage well.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tandem slot system;
FIG. 3 is a pressure dynamic diagram of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir productivity test;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an X6 well test pressure versus near-well cell pressure for an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a peripheral unit replenishment analysis;
FIG. 6 is a near-well unit capacity analysis graph.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description will be selected to more clearly understand the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood that the embodiments described are illustrative of some, but not all embodiments of the invention, and should not be taken to limit the scope of the invention. All other embodiments that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step are within the scope of the present invention.
The space distribution of the fracture-cave system is complex, the diversion capacity of the karst cave is extremely high, the flow pressure drop in the karst cave can be ignored, the flow pressure drop of the fracture-cave system is mainly consumed in the cracks connected with the karst cave, and the flow diversion capacity of the cracks on the main runner determines the capacity of the gas well. The invention provides a productivity model with a series structure aiming at abnormal testing dynamics of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir, which divides the flow around a well into near-well unit flow and peripheral unit replenishment flow to form a 3-parameter productivity equation, and evaluates the productivity coefficients of a near-well unit and a peripheral unit respectively in a linear regression mode by estimating the stratum pressure change of the near-well unit, thereby providing a simple and convenient method for reasonably predicting the peak regulation capability of the gas reservoir well. The implementation of the invention is specified in the following examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a method for interpreting unstable productivity test data of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir specifically includes the following steps:
s1, designing and constructing a series fracture-cave system according to parameters of the fracture-cave gas reservoir gas well;
s2, constructing a capacity model of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir series structure based on a series fracture-cavity system, dividing the flow around the well into near-well unit flow and peripheral unit supply flow, and forming a capacity equation with 3 parameters;
and S3, estimating the change of the formation pressure of the near-well unit according to the pressure drop of the series fracture-cave system, respectively evaluating the productivity coefficients of the near-well unit and the peripheral unit in a linear regression mode, and predicting the peak regulation capacity of the gas storage well.
In this embodiment, the detailed implementation process of the method is as follows:
1. a physical model. As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment divides the gas well connected fracture-cave system into 2 units: the flow conductivity between the units is smaller than that in the units, so that a macroscopic series system is formed. Under the conditions that the reservoir capacity of the near-well unit is small and the reservoir capacity of the peripheral unit is large, the formation pressure of the near-well unit is remarkably reduced under a high-yield test, and the characteristics that the bottom hole flowing pressure is linearly reduced and the shut-in pressure is low are presented.
2. And (4) a capacity model. In this embodiment, let: the test flow of the gas well is q, and the bottom hole flow pressure is p wf The reservoir capacity of the near well unit is G, the formation pressure is p, and the formation pressure of the peripheral unit is p r The replenishment flow rate is q', p r As the initial pressure of the entire system.
In the productivity test process, the near-well zone has large pressure drop and high flow speed, and the flow pressure drop of the near-well unit is described by adopting a binomial relation:
p 2 -p wf 2 ＝Aq+Bq 2 (1)
wherein A, B is the near well unit capacity factor.
The total produced quantity of the productivity test is small, the stratum pressure of the peripheral units is basically unchanged, the pressure difference between the units is not large, and the flow pressure drop between the units is described by adopting a linear relation:
p r 2 -p 2 ＝Cq′ (2)
wherein C is a supply coefficient of the peripheral unit.
And (3) when the steady-state flow is formed, q' is approximately equal to q, and a binomial capacity equation of the slotted hole system is obtained by integrating the formulas (1) and (2), namely the system capacity equation is shortened as follows:
p r 2 -p wf 2 ＝(A+C)q+Bq 2 (3)
3. the method is explained. The pressure drop of a tandem slot system consists of 2 parts: the pressure drop from the peripheral unit to the near-well unit is controlled by the near-well unit storage capacity G, the replenishment coefficient C and the replenishment flow q'; the second is the flow pressure drop from the near unit to the bottom of the well, controlled by the formation pressure p, the productivity factor A, B and the well production q of the near unit. After the change rule of the formation pressure p of the near-well unit is estimated, relevant parameters can be respectively estimated from the pressure drop of the two parts.
The method for explaining the unstable productivity test data of the fracture-cavity gas reservoir comprises the following 3 steps:
(1) estimating near-wellbore unit formation pressure
The pressure dynamics of the fracture-cavity gas reservoir productivity test is shown in fig. 3, and the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results of the constant-volume gas reservoir constant-production pressure drop show that: the bottom hole flowing pressure entering the pseudo-steady state flowing period under the constant production is kept flat with the formation pressureThe lines vary linearly. And estimating the formation pressure change of the near-well unit according to the characteristics: from the system initial pressure p r Initially, a parallel line of bottom hole flow pressure is made for the linear section, and the near-well unit formation pressure p at the end of the 1 st operating regime is estimated 1 From p to p 1 The parallel line of the 2 nd working system is started, and so on.
(2) Evaluating the near well unit storage capacity G and the replenishment coefficient C
Cumulative yield during the test is G p The cumulative supply amount is G' p The integral of which is expressed in the form of
Wherein, Δ p ═ p r 2 -p 2 。
Neglecting the bias factor effect of natural gas, the formation pressure p of the near-well unit can be simplified as:
wherein G is p Is cumulative production, G ', of a gas well test period' p Is the cumulative amount of replenishment for the peripheral units.
Expanding (6) to (7) form
Substituting formula (5) into formula (7) to obtain
Get
The linear relationship is formed:
and (3) calculating the formation pressure and the yield of the near-well unit of each testing working system according to the formulas (9) and (10) to form an (x, y) sequence for carrying out linear regression analysis, wherein the intercept is the reservoir capacity G of the near-well unit, and the slope is 1/C.
(3) Evaluating near-well unit energy production coefficient A, B
Taking near-well unit formation pressure p and flowing pressure p at the tail end of each test working system wf And yield q, coefficients A, B were estimated by regression according to the conventional binomial analysis (12):
4. analysis case
The bottom hole flow pressure and near well unit pressure estimation of the X6 well productivity test are shown in figure 4, the yield and the end flow pressure of each test system are shown in table 1, the bottom hole flow pressure in the test period basically keeps linearly decreasing, the X and y sequences are calculated according to the method, the replenishment analysis of the peripheral unit is carried out, the reservoir capacity of the near well unit is 4003 ten thousand squares, the replenishment coefficient C is 0.1145, the productivity analysis curve of the near well unit is shown in figure 6, the productivity coefficient A is 0.02493, and the productivity coefficient B is 0.0004. Further use of the C value and the production pressure difference (p) r 2 -p 2 ) The replenishment flow rate q' at each stage is calculated.
TABLE 1X 6 well Productivity test data and analysis results
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A method for interpreting unstable productivity test data of a fracture-cavity gas reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a fracture-cavity system flow model of a series structure according to fracture-cavity gas reservoir gas well parameters to form a 3-parameter productivity equation of the fracture-cavity gas reservoir;
and S2, estimating the change of the formation pressure of the near-well unit according to the pressure drop of the series fracture-cave system, respectively evaluating the productivity coefficients of the near-well unit and the peripheral unit in a linear regression mode, and predicting the peak regulation capacity of the gas storage well.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises: dividing a fracture-cavity system communicated with a gas well into a near-well unit and a peripheral unit based on gas well parameters in a fracture-cavity type gas reservoir, and constructing a macroscopic flow model of the serial fracture-cavity system; describing the flow pressure drop relation of the slotted hole system, and specifically comprising the following sub-steps:
s101, describing flow pressure drop from the near-well unit to the well bore by using a binomial relation
p 2 -p wf 2 ＝Aq+Bq 2
Wherein p is the formation pressure of the near-well unit, p wf For bottom hole flow pressure, A, B for productivity factor, q for gas well testFlow rate;
s102, describing flow pressure drop between the near-well unit and the peripheral unit by using linear relation
p r 2 -p 2 ＝Cq'
Wherein p is r The stratum pressure of the peripheral unit, C is a supply coefficient of the peripheral unit, and q' is a supply flow of the peripheral unit;
s103, when the steady-state flow is formed, q 'is approximately equal to q, and q' is taken to be q, so that a 3-parameter productivity equation of the fracture-cavity gas reservoir is formed
p r 2 -p wf 2 ＝(A+C)q+Bq 2 。
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises the following steps:
s201, estimating the formation pressure of the near-well unit: the formation pressure of the near-well unit in the short-term productivity test process has the characteristic of keeping parallel decline with the bottom hole flowing pressure of the linear section, the change of the formation pressure of the near-well unit is estimated according to the characteristic, and the initial pressure p of the system is measured in a pressure dynamic graph of the fracture-cave type gas reservoir productivity test r Initially, a parallel line of bottom hole flow pressure is made for the linear section, and the near-well unit formation pressure p at the end of the 1 st operating regime is estimated 1 Then from p 1 Starting to make a parallel line of the 2 nd working system, and so on;
s202, evaluating the storage capacity and replenishment coefficient of the near-well unit: according to the material balance equation, the formation pressure p of the approximate representation near-well unit is:
wherein, G p For the cumulative production of a gas well test period,
G' p is the cumulative amount of replenishment for the peripheral units,
Δp＝p r 2 -p 2 ；
the formation pressure p expression for the near-well unit is transformed into:
defining variables x, y as
The linear relationship is formed:
taking the stratum pressure and the accumulated yield of the near-well unit of each testing working system, calculating x and y according to the formula, forming an (x, y) sequence, and performing linear regression analysis, wherein the obtained intercept is the reservoir capacity G of the near-well unit, and the slope is 1/C;
s203, evaluating the capacity coefficient of the near well unit: taking near-well unit formation pressure p and flowing pressure p at the tail end of each test working system wf With respect to the yield q, coefficients A, B were calculated by linear regression according to conventional binomial analysis:
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