CN114995140A - Control method of time-varying system of hypersonic aircraft based on straight/gas combination - Google Patents
Control method of time-varying system of hypersonic aircraft based on straight/gas combination Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A control method of a time-varying system of a hypersonic aircraft based on straight/gas combination belongs to the technical field of aircraft control. The invention solves the problems that the existing aircraft control scheme has low execution efficiency and needs to analyze the pneumatic parameters as fixed values. The technical scheme adopted by the method is as follows: the method comprises the following steps: establishing a state space equation of a longitudinal channel; step two: designing a state feedback control law of the pneumatic rudder of the time-varying system in a longitudinal channel; step three: designing a controller with a direct lateral force system of a longitudinal channel, and designing a sliding mode controller with a boundary layer of the longitudinal channel based on the controller with the direct lateral force system; step four: and designing a state feedback control law of a yaw channel and a sliding mode controller with a boundary layer, and designing a controller of a roll channel to realize the control of the time varying system of the hypersonic aircraft. The method can be applied to the technical field of aircraft control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft control, and particularly relates to a control method of a hypersonic aircraft time-varying system based on straight/gas combination.
Background
The hypersonic aircraft is an aircraft with the flight speed of more than 5Ma, strong penetration capability and important military value and economic value. The traditional air defense missile relies on the pneumatic rudder as an actuating mechanism of a control system, so that the response time delay of the system is large, and the actuating efficiency of the pneumatic rudder is low in an atmospheric environment with low dynamic pressure. Meanwhile, the hypersonic aircraft has the problem that the pneumatic parameters change along with time in the actual flight process, but in the traditional method, the pneumatic parameters of the aircraft model are taken as fixed values at characteristic points for calculation, namely, a time-varying system is converted into a constant system for analysis, so that the control precision of the traditional method is low.
In summary, the existing aircraft control schemes have the problems of low execution efficiency and the need to analyze the pneumatic parameters as fixed values.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing aircraft control scheme is low in execution efficiency and needs to analyze pneumatic parameters as fixed values, and provides a control method of a hypersonic aircraft time-varying system based on straight/gas combination.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a control method of a time-varying system of a hypersonic aerocraft based on straight/gas combination specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a longitudinal channel mathematical model of the aircraft compositely controlled by the pneumatic rudder and the switch type engine, and obtaining a state space equation of a longitudinal channel based on the established longitudinal channel mathematical model;
step two: designing a state feedback control law of the pneumatic rudder of the time-varying system in the longitudinal channel based on the state space equation of the longitudinal channel obtained in the first step;
step three: designing a controller with a direct lateral force system of a longitudinal channel by using a sliding mode control method, and designing a sliding mode controller with a boundary layer of the longitudinal channel based on the controller with the direct lateral force system;
step four: and designing a state feedback control law of a yaw channel and a sliding mode controller with a boundary layer by adopting the method from the first step to the third step, and designing a controller of a roll channel so as to realize the control of the time varying system of the hypersonic aircraft.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
the straight/gas composite control method for the hypersonic aircraft makes up the defect of single pneumatic rudder control, improves the execution efficiency of a control system, and accelerates the quick response of the aircraft to the tracking of the command signal;
in order to take practical significance into consideration, the designed hypersonic aircraft control system is a time-varying control system based on the LQR method, and pneumatic parameters are not taken as fixed values to be controlled, so that the control precision is improved; a linear time-varying system state feedback controller designed based on an LQR method applies a Jacobi polynomial to a system for solving the time-varying controller, and deduces and solves a control law based on the properties and an operation matrix of the Jacobi polynomial. Compared with the traditional method, the method provided by the invention combines the actual situation to design and analyze the aircraft control system, provides the process and method for solving the time-varying controller, and obtains a better result through simulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an aircraft tracking an overload command;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the change in angle of attack of an aircraft on command;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the change in pitch rate of an aircraft;
FIG. 4 is a plot of the change in elevator deflection angle for an aircraft;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating engine thrust variation for an aircraft;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the variation of the sliding mode function of the aircraft.
Detailed Description
In a first specific embodiment, a control method for a time-varying system of a hypersonic aircraft based on straight/gas combination in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a longitudinal channel mathematical model (namely a pitching channel mathematical model) of the aircraft compositely controlled by the pneumatic rudder and the switch type engine, and obtaining a state space equation of a longitudinal channel based on the established longitudinal channel mathematical model;
the aircraft with pneumatic rudder and switch engine combined control is controlled by the direct lateral force controller and the rudder surface to constitute the direct/air combined control system.
Straightening: the invention is embodied in that the engine provides thrust (also understood as direct lateral force, which is provided by a side-injection engine), the engine of the invention is of an on-off type, and does not provide energy continuously, and the on-off type is characterized in that the engine is turned on when the engine is required to work and is turned off when the engine is not required, so that fuel is saved compared with the continuous energy supply.
Gas: the pneumatic rudder is embodied, and air power and moment are generated by the rudder.
The constructed mathematical model not only comprises aerodynamic force and moment, but also comprises thrust of a side-jet engine and moment generated by the thrust;
step two: designing a state feedback control law of the pneumatic rudder of the time-varying system in the longitudinal channel based on the state space equation of the longitudinal channel obtained in the first step;
the method comprises the steps of designing a linear time-varying system state feedback control law, applying an LQR method, and solving the control law by applying a Jacobi polynomial. Namely: applying Jacobi polynomial to a system for solving the LQR time-varying controller, wherein the specific process is to deduce and solve a control law based on the property and the operation matrix of the Jacobi polynomial;
step three: designing a controller with a direct lateral force system of a longitudinal channel by using a sliding mode control method, and designing a sliding mode controller with a boundary layer of the longitudinal channel based on the controller with the direct lateral force system;
step four: and (3) designing a state feedback control law of a yaw (lateral) channel and a sliding mode controller with a boundary layer by adopting the method from the first step to the third step, and designing a controller of a roll channel so as to realize control of a time varying system of the hypersonic aircraft.
The invention adopts a direct force and aerodynamic force composite (direct/pneumatic composite) control method, and after actuating mechanisms such as an attitude and orbit control side jet engine and the like are added, the defect of single pneumatic rudder control is overcome, and the rapid response of the aircraft to the instruction signal tracking is accelerated, so that the accurate guidance is realized. Meanwhile, in order to consider practical significance, the aircraft control system is designed into a time-varying system, and the time-varying aircraft control system is analyzed and solved by adopting a method for solving the feedback control law of the LQR (linear quadratic regulator) based on the Jacobi polynomial.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the specific process of the first step is as follows:
establishing a projectile coordinate system O 0 ′x′ 0 y′ 0 z′ 0 ;
The projectile coordinate system O 0 ′x′ 0 y′ 0 z′ 0 Is a moving coordinate system fixed on the missile body, and the origin O 0 ' on the missile centroid, O 0 ′x′ 0 The axis is on the longitudinal axial plane of the projectile body and points to the head of the projectile body in the positive direction, O 0 ′y′ 0 Shaft and O 0 ′x′ 0 Axis is vertical, and O 0 ′y′ 0 Axis in the plane of longitudinal symmetry of the projectile, O 0 ′y′ 0 The positive direction of the axis being directed upwards, O 0 ′z′ 0 Axis perpendicular to O according to the right-hand coordinate system 0 ′x′ 0 y′ 0 Kneading;
the method for establishing the longitudinal channel mathematical model of the aircraft comprises the following steps:
wherein, a 2 And a 4 Are all aerodynamic coefficients, and a 2 And a 4 As a function of time, t being time, a 1 、a 3 、a 5 、k y And l z All are the power coefficients of the steel wire,k y =1/(mV),l z =-l/J z ,representing the pitching moment M z For omega z Partial derivatives of, M z δz Representing the pitching moment M z To delta z Partial derivative of, ω z Representing angular velocity in a missile coordinate system to a ground coordinate system O 0 z 0 Component of the axis, δ z Indicating elevator yaw angle, J z Representing moment of inertia in a projectile coordinate system O' 0 z′ 0 The component of the axis is such that,representing lift Y vs. rudder deflection angle delta z M, g and V represent the mass, gravitational acceleration and velocity of the aircraft, respectively, l represents the distance from the center of reaction force to the center of mass of the aircraft, n y Indicating output overload of longitudinal channel, tau 1 Representing the dynamic response time constant, tau, of the steering engine in the longitudinal channel 2 Representing the longitudinal passage attitude control engine dynamic response time constant, F Ty Representing the sum of the thrust of a longitudinal channel side-jet engine, F Tyc Representing longitudinal passage attitude control engine commands, delta zc Indicating an elevator rudder deflection angle command,is n y The first derivative of (a) is,is omega z The first derivative of (a) is,is delta z The first derivative of (a) is,is F Ty The first derivative of (a);
defining the tracking error e of a vertical channel overload instruction y Comprises the following steps:
e y =n yc -n y (2)
wherein n is yc Trace instructions indicating longitudinal channel overload;
the mathematical model of the overload command tracking error control system is:
in order to improve the tracking precision of the overload instruction, an integral term of the tracking error of the overload instruction is introduced, namely a state variable x is defined 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 、x 5 Comprises the following steps:x 2 =e y 、x 3 =ω z 、x 4 =δ z 、x 5 =F Ty defining a control variable u 1 =δ zc Control variable u 2 =F Tyc Then, equation (3) is expressed as a longitudinal channel state space equation of equation (4):
wherein,is x 1 The first derivative of (a) is,is x 2 The first derivative of (a) is,is x 3 The first derivative of (a) is,is x 4 The first derivative of (a) is,is x 5 The first derivative of (a).
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The ground coordinate system is an inertial coordinate system, and the ground coordinate system O 0 x 0 y 0 z 0 Is fixedly connected with the earth surface and has an origin O 0 At the center of mass of the missile at the launching point, the trajectory plane intersects with the horizontal plane at the position O 0 x 0 A shaft, and O 0 x 0 The positive direction of the axis pointing to the target, O 0 y 0 The positive direction of the axis points upwards along the vertical line, O 0 z 0 Axis perpendicular to O according to the right-hand coordinate system 0 x 0 y 0 And (5) kneading.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the first or second embodiment is that the specific process of the second step is:
and (3) performing two-step development analysis on the composite control law design of the control system (4) in the step one, firstly designing a time-varying state feedback controller related to the rudder deflection angle of the continuous control quantity, and then designing a controller related to the direct lateral force of the switching control quantity.
When designing a state feedback controller for rudder deflection angle, first, a control variable u is set 2 =F Tyc Designing a 4-order system model of equation (5) as 0:
in the system model of equation (5), the state vector X 1 Comprises the following steps: x 1 =[x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 ] T Control amount u 1 Comprises the following steps: u. u 1 =δ zc Then the state equation of the system is:
because A is 1 (t) and B 1 Rank (A) of the matrix 1 (t),B 1 (t)) -4, so the system shown in equation (6) is fully controllable.
In combination with a linear time-varying control theory, the invention adopts an LQR optimal control method, and a system model design controller aiming at the formula (5) is as follows:
u 1 =K(t)X 1 =K 1 (t)x 1 +K 2 (t)x 2 +K 3 (t)x 3 +K 4 (t)x 4 (7)
wherein, K (t) is a state feedback controller, K (t) ═ K 1 (t) K 2 (t) K 3 (t) K 4 (t)]K 1 (t)、K 2 (t)、K 3 (t)、K 4 (t) are all the elements in K (t);
and deducing and solving based on the properties of the Jacobi polynomial and the operation matrix to obtain a state feedback controller K (t).
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the first to third embodiments is that the property and the operation matrix based on Jacobi polynomial (Jacobi polynomial) are derived and solved to obtain a state feedback controller k (t); the specific process comprises the following steps:
step two, firstly: definition and Properties of Jacobi polynomial
The Jacobi polynomial F (-n, β, γ, z') is defined as:
wherein (beta) 0 =1,(β) k =β(β+1)(β+2)(β+3)...(β+k-1),(-n) k 、(γ) k Form of definition of (a) and (b) k Similarly, γ is any positive integer, n is any integer, k is 0,1, …, n, β > -1, z' is epsilon [0,1];
Wherein, alpha > -1, (beta +1) 0 =1, (α+1) n Form (b) and (β +1) n In the same way, the first and second,λ=α+β+1;
in the invention, in order to consider practical significance and facilitate the application of Jacobi polynomial in a time-varying system, an independent variable x is changed into a time variable t, and t is an element [ t ] 0 ,t f ],t 0 Is the start time, t f Is the end time;
order to
x=(2t-t 0 -t f )/(t f -t 0 ) (10)
Obtaining a transformed Jacobi polynomial J n (t) is:
in the formula: n ═ 0,1, 2.;
let equation (11) be abbreviated:
the orthogonality property of the Jacobi polynomial is:
wherein Γ (·) is a Gamma function;
for any time function f (t), the Jacobi polynomial is expanded into:in practical application, the m' term of the polynomial sequence is selected to approximate, i.e.
In the formula:
J(t)=[J 0 (t) J 1 (t) ··· J m′-1 (t)] T (15)
wherein J (t) is a Jacobi polynomial vector, J 0 (t)J 1 (t)···J m′-1 (t) is a term of J (t); f. of n A Jacobi polynomial expansion coefficient of f (t); f ═ f 0 f 1 ··· f m′-1 ] T Jacobi polynomial expansion coefficient vector of (T), T stands for transpose;
the integral expression E of the expression (16) is minimized by the orthogonal property expression (13) to obtain a Jacobi polynomial expansion coefficient f n :
definition of f in formula (17) n Has a coefficient of r (n), then
Step two: operation matrix of Jacobi polynomial
The Jacobian polynomial operation matrix involved in the invention comprises a product operation matrix and an integral operation matrix.
In the formula (15), J (t) is a Jacobian polynomial vector, and J (t) is obtained n (t) results of J (t), first, J is calculated n (t)J j (t) of (d). Order toIs J n (t)J j (t) expansion coefficient of Jacobi polynomial, i.e.
From formulae (17) and (18):
from the Euler integral (Euler integral), obtain
And then the product is obtained according to the formula (12) and the formula (21):
the analysis is combined to obtain:
wherein, G ═ G 0 G 1 ... G m′-1 ]A product operation matrix which is Jacobi polynomial;
integral operation matrix P of Jacobi polynomial tf Equation (24) holds:
calculated as follows:
step two and step three: combining analysis and derivation of Jacobi polynomial to obtain state feedback control law
The linear time-varying system dynamic equation is:
in the formula: x (t) is a state vector,is the first derivative of x (t), u (t) is the control vector, y (t) is the output vector, A (t), B (t) and C (t) all represent the time-varying matrix of the system;
solving the optimal control law u (t) to minimize the quadratic performance index J of equation (27):
wherein, s, Q (t) and R (t) are all weighting matrixes, and s, Q (t) and R (t) are all diagonal matrixes, and the optimal control law of the system is obtained:
u(t)=-R -1 (t)B T (t)P(t)x(t)=-K(t)x(t) (28)
in the formula: k (t) ═ R -1 (t)B T (t) P (t) is the optimal feedback law of the system;
matrix P (t) satisfies the Riccati matrix equation:
wherein:
P(t)=[Ω 22 (t 0 ,t f )-sΩ 12 (t 0 ,t f )] -1 ·[sΩ 11 (t 0 ,t f )-Ω 21 (t 0 ,t f )] (30)
time-varying matrixΩ 11 (t 0 ,t f ) Is omega (t) 0 ,t f ) Of (1) a first block matrix, Ω 12 (t 0 ,t f ) Is omega (t) 0 ,t f ) Of (1) a second block matrix, Ω 21 (t 0 ,t f ) Is omega (t) 0 ,t f ) Of (1) a third block matrix, Ω 22 (t 0 ,t f ) Is omega (t) 0 ,t f ) The fourth block matrix of (1);
combining the analysis to obtain a state transition matrix of the augmented state equation:
in the formula: λ (t) is a co-modal vector; f (t) is a 2n × 2 n-order time-varying matrix;
from the properties of the state transition matrix:
from the above analysis, the key to solving the optimal control law u (t) is to solve equation (32).
From t to both sides of formula (32) 0 To t f Integrating to obtain:
wherein, I 2n Is a 2n multiplied by 2n order identity matrix;
from F (t) to FJ 2n (t),Ω(t 0 ,t f )=ΩJ 2n (t) and I 2n =[I 2n 0 ... 0]J 2n (t), where F and Ω are constant coefficient matrices, equation (33) becomes:
easy certificate
In the formula, G i For the ith sub-block of the multiplication matrix,denotes the Kronecker product, F ═ F 0 F 1 … F m′-1 ],F i Is the ith matrix in F;
and meanwhile, the method is easy to prove:
substituting formula (35) and formula (36) for formula (34):
finishing to obtain:
obtaining an optimal feedback law K (t) by using the formula (38), the formula (28) and the formula (30);
step two, four: adding the obtained optimal feedback law K (t) into the system to obtain a closed-loop model as follows:
wherein,
other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is that the specific process of the third step is:
when designing the direct lateral force control law, the new system model is as follows:
and (4) considering the switch type working characteristics of the side-spraying engine, selecting a sliding mode control mode to design a control law. To X 2 Linear non-singular transformation is performed to obtain:the longitudinal channel (i.e., pitch channel) mathematical model is of the form:
wherein,is to X 2 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation,is to x 1 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation,is to x 2 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation,is to x 3 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation,is to x 4 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation,is to x 5 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation,is composed ofThe first derivative of (a) is,
wherein r is 0 Being constant, linear non-singular transformation matrix PComprises the following steps:
wherein r is i′ I' is 1,2,3,4 is a coefficient of a characteristic polynomial of formula (43);
det(dI-A 2 )=d 5 +r 4 d 4 +r 3 d 3 +r 2 d 2 +r 1 d+r 0 (43)
where det (-) represents the value of the determinant, d is a variable of the characteristic polynomial;
wherein p is i″ I ″ -1, 2,3,4,5 satisfies the Hurwize condition and in order to make the switching planeEach point of (A) is a dead point, p i″ I ″ ═ 1,2,3,4,5 satisfies the following equation:
(r T -p T G′ 0 )=ρp T (45)
ρ 5 -r 4 ρ 4 +r 3 ρ 3 …+(-1) 5 r 0 =0 (46)
then the designed sliding mode control law u 3 Comprises the following steps:
the designed slip form surface belongs to a slip form subspace, wherein F s Is the steady state thrust of a single side-injection engine;
in order to eliminate the buffeting phenomenon and save fuel, the design of adding the boundary layer to the controller is as follows:
wherein u is 3 For the controller after increasing the boundary layer, ε represents a small positive value;
Wherein, b n Is a matrix B 3 Value of the last term in f 1 Is u 3 Upper bound of f 2 Is u 3 The lower bound of (c);
i.e. the state of the system can be reached on the slip-form face. And because the slip form surface meets the Hurwize condition, the movement on the slip form surface can be converged to the origin.
According to the designed sliding mode control law, the current flight state and the instruction requirements, the amplitude of the control force suitable for the system is selected to be switched between a large gear and a small gear, if the state of the current system is far away from the sliding mode surface, the amplitude of the thrust is large, and when the state of the system is close to the sliding mode surface, the amplitude of the thrust is small, the control torque generated by the two gears is necessarily larger than the external disturbance torque, and further, the expression of variable structure control is expanded into:
wherein, F s1 =F gs ,F gs Representing the steady state thrust of the rail-controlled engine; f s2 =F zs l zz /l z ,F zs Representing the steady-state thrust of the attitude-controlled engine,/ z Arm of force representing rail-controlled engine zz Representing arm of force of attitude-controlled engine, epsilon 1 And ε 2 Are all constants greater than 0, and 1 >ε 2 。
other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fourth embodiments.
Simulation part
Simulating the straight/air composite system of the aircraft in the high altitude of 30km, wherein the simulation time is 5s, the overload instruction tracked by the longitudinal channel is in a form of a step signal plus a sinusoidal signal, and the overload instruction is taken as n yc 9+1.5 sin (2 pi t/1.5), the relevant simulation parameters of the aircraft are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
In the simulation, a 2 (t) and a 4 (t) there is a certain proportionality relationship, and the proportionality coefficient is-0.042. In fig. 1, simulation results show that the overload instruction rise time of the straight/gas composite control system of the aircraft is 0.4s, and the overshoot is small. The angle of attack response and overload response of the control system of fig. 2 are synchronized and the steady state process remains steady. In fig. 3 the pitch rate is at a maximum of 125/s and stabilizes around the zero axis with a sinusoidal variation after the angle of attack has been established. Drawing (A)And 4, in the dynamic process, the rudder deflection angle of the elevator of the straight/gas composite control system is saturated to a certain degree, the steady state is basically stable, and the system state is stabilized on the sliding mode surface and converged to the original point. In fig. 5, the attitude and orbit control engine operates in a dynamic process, and is kept in a shutdown state and a substantially steady state. In fig. 6, the sliding mode function of the straight/gas compound control system converges rapidly to the sliding mode surface at 0.4s and remains substantially stable. According to simulation analysis, the feasibility of the designed aircraft control method is verified.
The above-described calculation examples of the present invention are merely to explain the calculation model and the calculation flow of the present invention in detail, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications of the present invention can be made based on the above description, and it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and all such modifications and variations are possible and contemplated as falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A control method of a time-varying system of a hypersonic aerocraft based on straight/gas combination is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a longitudinal channel mathematical model of the aircraft compositely controlled by the pneumatic rudder and the switch type engine, and obtaining a state space equation of a longitudinal channel based on the established longitudinal channel mathematical model;
step two: designing a state feedback control law of the pneumatic rudder of the time-varying system in the longitudinal channel based on the state space equation of the longitudinal channel obtained in the step one;
step three: designing a controller with a direct lateral force system of a longitudinal channel by using a sliding mode control method, and designing a sliding mode controller with a boundary layer of the longitudinal channel based on the controller with the direct lateral force system;
step four: and designing a state feedback control law of a yaw channel and a sliding mode controller with a boundary layer by adopting the method from the first step to the third step, and designing a controller of a roll channel so as to realize the control of the time varying system of the hypersonic aircraft.
2. The control method of the time-varying system of the hypersonic flight vehicle based on the straight/gas combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of the first step is as follows:
establishing a projectile coordinate system O 0 ′x′ 0 y′ 0 z′ 0 ;
The projectile coordinate system O 0 ′x′ 0 y′ 0 z′ 0 Is a moving coordinate system fixed on the missile body, and the origin O 0 ' on the missile centroid, O 0 ′x′ 0 The axis is on the longitudinal axial plane of the projectile body and points to the head of the projectile body in the positive direction, O 0 ′y′ 0 Shaft and O 0 ′x′ 0 Axis is vertical, and O 0 ′y′ 0 Axis in the longitudinal symmetry plane of the projectile, O 0 ′y′ 0 The positive direction of the axis being directed upwards, O 0 ′z′ 0 Axis perpendicular to O according to the right-hand coordinate system 0 ′x′ 0 y′ 0 z′ 0 Kneading;
the method for establishing the longitudinal channel mathematical model of the aircraft comprises the following steps:
wherein, a 2 And a 4 Are all aerodynamic coefficients, and a 2 And a 4 As a function of time, t being time, a 1 、a 3 、a 5 、k y And l z All are the power coefficients of the steel wire,k y =1/(mV),l z =-l/J z ,representing the pitching moment M z For omega z The partial derivative of (a) of (b),representing the pitching moment M z To delta z Partial derivative of, omega z Representing angular velocity in a missile coordinate system to ground coordinate system O 0 z 0 Component of axis, δ z Indicating elevator yaw angle, J z Representing the moment of inertia in a projectile coordinate system O 0 ′z′ 0 The component of the shaft is that of the shaft,representing lift Y vs. rudder deflection angle delta z M, g and V represent the mass, gravitational acceleration and velocity of the aircraft, respectively, l represents the distance from the center of reaction force to the center of mass of the aircraft, n y Indicating output overload of longitudinal channel, tau 1 Representing the dynamic response time constant, τ, of the steering engine in the longitudinal channel 2 Representing the longitudinal passage attitude control engine dynamic response time constant, F Ty Representing the sum of the thrust of a longitudinal channel side-jet engine, F Tyc Representing longitudinal passage attitude-control engine commands, delta zc Indicating an elevator rudder deflection angle command,is n y The first derivative of (a) is,is omega z The first derivative of (a) is,is delta z The first derivative of (a) is,is F Ty The first derivative of (a);
defining the tracking error e of a vertical channel overload instruction y Comprises the following steps:
e y =n yc -n y (2)
wherein n is yc Trace instructions indicating longitudinal channel overload;
the mathematical model of the overload command tracking error control system is:
defining a state variable x 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 、x 5 Comprises the following steps:defining a control variable u 1 =δ zc Control variable u 2 =F Tyc Then, equation (3) is expressed as a longitudinal channel state space equation of equation (4):
3. The control method of the time-varying system of the hypersonic flight vehicle based on the straight/gas combination as claimed in claim 2, wherein the specific process of the second step is as follows:
when designing a state feedback controller for rudder deflection angle, let the control variable u 2 =F Tyc Designing a 4-order system model of equation (5) as 0:
in the system model of equation (5), the state vector X 1 Comprises the following steps: x 1 =[x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 ] T Control amount u 1 Comprises the following steps: u. of 1 =δ zc Then the state equation of the system is:
by adopting an LQR optimal control method, aiming at the system model design controller of the formula (5), the method comprises the following steps:
u 1 =K(t)X 1 =K 1 (t)x 1 +K 2 (t)x 2 +K 3 (t)x 3 +K 4 (t)x 4 (7)
wherein K (t) is a state feedback controlK (t) ═ K 1 (t) K 2 (t) K 3 (t) K 4 (t)]K 1 (t)、K 2 (t)、K 3 (t)、K 4 (t) are all the elements in K (t);
and deducing and solving based on the properties of the Jacobi polynomial and the operation matrix to obtain a state feedback controller K (t).
4. The method for controlling the time-varying system of the hypersonic aerocraft based on the combination of straight gas and straight gas as claimed in claim 3, wherein the property and the operation matrix based on the Jacobi polynomial are derived and solved to obtain a state feedback controller K (t); the specific process comprises the following steps:
step two, firstly: definition and Properties of Jacobi polynomial
The Jacobi polynomial F (-n, β, γ, z') is defined as:
wherein (beta) 0 =1,(β) k =β(β+1)(β+2)(β+3)...(β+k-1),(-n) k 、(γ) k Form of definition of (A) and (B) k Similarly, γ is any positive integer, n is any integer, k is 0,1, …, n, β > -1, z' is e [0,1];
Wherein, alpha > -1, (beta +1) 0 =1, (α+1) n Form (b) and (β +1) n In the same way, the first and second groups of the first and second groups,λ=α+β+1;
changing the independent variable x into a time variable t, t ∈ [ t ] 0 ,t f ],t 0 Is the start time, t f Is the end time;
order to
x=(2t-t 0 -t f )/(t f -t 0 ) (10)
Obtaining a transformed Jacobi polynomial J n (t) is:
in the formula: n ═ 0,1, 2.;
let equation (11) be abbreviated:
the orthogonality property of the Jacobi polynomial is:
wherein Γ (·) is a Gamma function;
for any time function f (t), the Jacobi polynomial is expanded into:selecting m' terms of the polynomial sequence to approximateLike an approximation, i.e.
In the formula:
J(t)=[J 0 (t) J 1 (t)…J m′-1 (t)] T (15)
wherein J (t) is a Jacobi polynomial vector, J 0 (t) J 1 (t)…J m′-1 (t) is a term of J (t); f. of n Jacobi polynomial expansion coefficients of (f), (t); f ═ f 0 f 1 …f m′-1 ] T Jacobi polynomial expansion coefficient vector of (T), T stands for transpose;
the integral expression E of expression (16) is minimized by using the orthogonal property expression (13) to obtain the expansion coefficient f of Jacobi polynomial n :
definition of f in formula (17) n Has a coefficient of r (n), then
Step two: operation matrix of Jacobi polynomial
From formulas (17) and (18):
according to Euler integral, obtain
And then the product is obtained according to the formula (12) and the formula (21):
the analysis is combined to obtain:
wherein, G ═ G is defined 0 G 1 …G m′-1 ]A product operation matrix which is Jacobi polynomial;
integral operation matrix P of Jacobi polynomial tf Equation (24) holds:
calculated as follows:
step two and step three: combining analysis and derivation of Jacobi polynomial to obtain state feedback control law
The linear time-varying system dynamic equation is:
in the formula: x (t) is a state vector,is the first derivative of x (t), u (t) is the control vector, y (t) is the output vector, A (t), B (t) and C (t) all represent the time-varying matrix of the system;
solving the optimal control law u (t) to minimize the quadratic performance index J of equation (27):
wherein s, Q (t) and R (t) are weighting matrixes, and s, Q (t) and R (t) are diagonal matrixes, and the optimal control law is obtained:
u(t)=-R -1 (t)B T (t)P(t)x(t)=-K(t)x(t) (28)
in the formula: k (t) R -1 (t)B T (t) P (t) is the optimal feedback law of the system;
matrix P (t) satisfies the Riccati matrix equation:
wherein:
P(t)=[Ω 22 (t 0 ,t f )-sΩ 12 (t 0 ,t f )] -1 ·[sΩ 11 (t 0 ,t f )-Ω 21 (t 0 ,t f )] (30)
time-varying matrixΩ 11 (t 0 ,t f ) Is omega (t) 0 ,t f ) First block matrix of (1), Ω 12 (t 0 ,t f ) Is omega (t) 0 ,t f ) Of (1) a second block matrix, Ω 21 (t 0 ,t f ) Is omega (t) 0 ,t f ) Of (1) a third block matrix, Ω 22 (t 0 ,t f ) Is omega (t) 0 ,t f ) The fourth block matrix of (1);
combining the analysis to obtain a state transition matrix of the augmented state equation:
in the formula: λ (t) is a co-modal vector; f (t) is a 2n multiplied by 2n order time-varying matrix;
from the properties of the state transition matrix:
from t to both sides of formula (32) 0 To t f Integrating to obtain:
wherein, I 2n Is a 2n multiplied by 2n order identity matrix;
from F (t) ═ FJ 2n (t),Ω(t 0 ,t f )=ΩJ 2n (t) and I 2n =[I 2n 0…0]J 2n (t), where F and Ω are constant coefficient matrices, equation (33) becomes:
easy certificate
In the formula, G i For the ith sub-block of the multiplication matrix,denotes a Kronecker product, F ═ F 0 F 1 …F m′-1 ],F i Is the ith matrix in F;
and meanwhile, the method is easy to prove:
formula (35) and formula (36) are substituted for formula (34):
finishing to obtain:
obtaining an optimal feedback law K (t) by using the formula (38), the formula (28) and the formula (30);
step two, four: adding the obtained optimal feedback law K (t) into the system to obtain a closed-loop model as follows:
wherein,
5. the control method of the time-varying system of the hypersonic flight vehicle based on the straight/gas combination as claimed in claim 4, wherein the specific process of the third step is as follows:
when designing the direct lateral force control law, the new system model is as follows:
to X 2 Linear non-singular transformation is performed to obtain:the longitudinal channel mathematical model is then of the form:
wherein,is to X 2 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation, is to x 1 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation,is to x 2 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation,is to x 3 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation,is to x 4 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation,is to x 5 As a result of the linear non-singular transformation,is composed ofThe first derivative of (a) is,
wherein r is 0 As constants, the linear non-singular transformation matrix P is:
wherein r is i′ I' is 1,2,3,4 is a coefficient of a characteristic polynomial of formula (43);
det(dI-A 2 )=d 5 +r 4 d 4 +r 3 d 3 +r 2 d 2 +r 1 d+r 0 (43)
where det (-) represents the value of the determinant, d is a variable of the characteristic polynomial;
wherein p is i″ I ″ -1, 2,3,4,5 satisfies the Hurwize condition and in order to make the switching planeEach point of (A) is a dead point, p i″ I ″ ═ 1,2,3,4,5 satisfies the following equation:
(r T -p T G′ 0 )=ρp T (45)
ρ 5 -r 4 ρ 4 +r 3 ρ 3 …+(-1) 5 r 0 =0 (46)
then the designed sliding mode control law u 3 Comprises the following steps:
wherein, F s Is the steady state thrust of a single side injection engine;
the addition of the boundary layer design to the controller is as follows:
wherein u is 3 For the controller after increasing the boundary layer, ε denotesA small positive value;
Wherein, b n Is a matrix B 3 Value of the last term in f 1 Is u 3 Upper bound of f 2 Is u 3 The lower bound of (c);
according to a designed sliding mode control law, a current flight state and an instruction requirement, selecting the amplitude of a control force to switch between a large gear and a small gear, wherein control moments generated by the two gears must be both larger than an external interference moment, and an expression of variable structure control is expanded as follows:
wherein, F s1 =F gs ,F gs Represents the steady state thrust of the rail-controlled engine; f s2 =F zs l zz /l z ,F zs Representing steady state thrust of the attitude-controlled engine,/ z Arm of force representing rail-controlled engine zz Arm of force, epsilon, representing attitude-controlled engines 1 And ε 2 Are all constants greater than 0, and ε 1 >ε 2 。
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