CN114993674A - Intelligent locking nut and application thereof in detection of truck axle bearing - Google Patents
Intelligent locking nut and application thereof in detection of truck axle bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114993674A CN114993674A CN202210575827.XA CN202210575827A CN114993674A CN 114993674 A CN114993674 A CN 114993674A CN 202210575827 A CN202210575827 A CN 202210575827A CN 114993674 A CN114993674 A CN 114993674A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D11/00—Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
Abstract
An intelligent locking nut and application thereof in detection of a truck axle bearing are disclosed, wherein the intelligent locking nut is used for replacing the locking nut used by the original bearing to be monitored or a fixed bearing, so that the state information of all bearings of an axle is acquired and processed; the intelligent locking nut is embedded with an embedded sensing operation unit on the basis of the original locking nut; after an embedded sensing operation unit of the intelligent locking nut is started, acquiring vibration and temperature data of an axle bearing through the embedded sensing operation unit, and storing the data until the data acquisition is completed; the embedded sensing operation unit completes the processing of relevant information according to a certain flow, so as to obtain whether the running state of the bearing is normal or not.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing monitoring, and particularly relates to an intelligent locking nut and application thereof in truck axle bearing detection.
Background
The truck as a cargo carrying tool has the characteristics of large carrying capacity, strong road condition impact and the like. And the bearing in the axle is used as a supporting component of a wheel half shaft and a power input/output shaft, and is in a heavy-load and high-speed working environment for a long time. This is very disadvantageous for the precision mechanical parts of the bearing, which can easily lead to their failure. When the bearing fails, the failure of the axle transmission system can be caused, the power output of the vehicle is influenced, and great hidden danger is brought to the safety of personnel and traffic safety. Therefore, the method has important application significance for monitoring the axle bearing. However, due to the closed structure of the axle, the severe working environment of the axle and the narrow working space of the axle bearing, the monitoring of the bearing state information is difficult in the running state of the automobile, and the timely judgment of the axle bearing state can not be realized.
In general, in order to monitor the state of the bearing running, it is necessary to monitor various physical information of the bearing and determine the state of the bearing using the information. Currently, there are two methods for monitoring the state of an axle bearing:
(1) commercial finished product sensors which acquire different physical information are fixed on the axle shell in a sticking or other fixing mode. The finished product sensor fixed on the axle outputs signals in an analog quantity mode through a cable. And (3) matching with a signal acquisition card and an upper computer, recording data on the upper computer, and judging the state of the axle bearing on the upper computer after data acquisition is finished. As patent application CN201910494395.8, a method and an apparatus for monitoring a vehicle machine bearing are disclosed. The application of the patent adopts a microphone arranged in the automobile to collect sound signals, and the state of a bearing in the automobile is judged through the sound signals. Based on the method, the propagation path of the signal is far, and the information is attenuated. On the other hand, the commercial sensor, the acquisition device and the signal processing device have high cost and are not beneficial to commercial application.
(2) Monitoring of the condition of the bearing is performed on the wheels of the truck using embedded equipment. MEMS sensors are integrated on embedded devices to enable them to monitor specific physical signals. The embedded equipment is arranged on the wheel, and further the rotation speed information and the vibration information of the wheel are acquired. As in patent application CN201910323203.7, an apparatus for determining the rotational speed and vibrations of the wheel end of a vehicle, in particular a truck, is disclosed. The device is fixed at the wheel end by designing a small embedded system, and the rotating speed and the vibration are analyzed by acquiring the information of the wheel end. The patent application has the characteristics of simple system composition, low cost and proximity to a monitored object, thereby being sensitive to the change of the bearing state. However, the scheme can only acquire the signals of the wheel end, and cannot monitor the bearing in the axle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the monitoring of the state of the truck axle bearing, the invention aims to provide an intelligent locking nut and application thereof in the detection of the truck axle bearing, wherein an embedded sensing operation unit is introduced into the locking nut by utilizing the characteristic that the locking nut is tightly contacted with the bearing in order to accurately obtain the state information of the bearing in a limited space; the embedded sensing operation unit is used for acquiring the bearing state information, and the processing of related information is completed according to a certain flow by matching with the internal operation unit, so that whether the bearing running state is normal or not is obtained, more accurate and reliable axle bearing state identification is realized, and the conclusion whether some faults exist is further obtained.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the intelligent locking nut comprises a locking nut body 1 and is characterized in that an embedded sensing operation unit 2 is embedded in the locking nut body 1.
The embedded sensing operation unit 2 integrates a sensing unit, a data auxiliary unit and a communication unit; the sensing unit comprises an MEMS acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor or other required sensing devices; the data auxiliary unit comprises data storage and operation analysis, and realizes information processing and operation of related monitoring and diagnosis algorithms; the communication unit comprises wireless and wired communication, so that the intelligent locking nut can send the state information of the bearing to the outside.
The installation mode of the embedded sensing arithmetic unit 2 comprises the following steps: slotting in the lock nut body 1, and embedding the embedded sensing operation unit into the lock nut body, or fixedly connecting the encapsulated embedded sensing operation unit 2 with the lock nut body 1; or the encapsulated embedded sensing unit 2 is installed on the bearing base 3, and the embedded sensing unit 2 is matched with the lock nut body 1 in a surface contact mode.
Based on the application of the intelligent locking nut in the detection of the truck axle bearing, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the intelligent locking nut body 1 is used for obtaining and processing state information of all bearings of an axle;
the intelligent locking nut is characterized in that an embedded sensing operation unit 2 is embedded in a locking nut body 1;
the embedded sensing operation unit integrates a sensing unit, a data auxiliary unit and a communication unit; the sensing unit comprises an MEMS acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor or other required sensing devices; the data auxiliary unit comprises data storage and operation analysis, and realizes information processing and operation of related monitoring and diagnosis algorithms; the communication unit comprises wireless and wired communication, so that the intelligent locking nut can send the state information of the bearing to the outside;
the installation mode of the embedded sensing arithmetic unit 2 comprises the following steps: slotting in the lock nut body 1, and embedding the embedded sensing operation unit into the lock nut body, or fixedly connecting the encapsulated embedded sensing operation unit 2 with the lock nut body 1; or the encapsulated embedded sensing unit 2 is arranged on the bearing base 3, and the embedded sensing unit 2 is matched with the lock nut body 1 in a surface contact mode;
step two: after an embedded sensing operation unit 2 of the intelligent locking nut is started, positioning initialization is carried out on the chip according to the gravity acceleration;
step three: acquiring vibration and temperature data of the axle bearing through an embedded sensing operation unit, and storing the data until the data acquisition is completed;
step four: judging the temperature data of the bearing, if the temperature data exceeds the normal range, considering that the bearing state is abnormal, and immediately alarming;
step five: converting a time domain signal into a frequency domain signal by using an FFT (fast Fourier transform) or DFT (discrete Fourier transform) algorithm on the vibration signal to obtain a frequency domain, and then judging the rotating speed information of the current bearing according to a specific signal in the frequency domain; because the bearing does periodic motion with frequency and rotating speed in a certain proportional relation in the rotating process no matter whether the bearing fails or not, other frequencies except the rotating speed frequency are used as evidences and comprise frequency doubling, frequency tripling and ball rotating frequency;
step six: judging time domain indexes of the bearing vibration signal, including a peak-to-peak value signal, a kurtosis signal and a mean square error signal, and judging whether the time domain indexes are within corresponding threshold values under corresponding rotating speeds; if the bearing state is within the threshold value, the bearing state is normal, and if the bearing state is abnormal, the next step is carried out;
step seven: searching a specific frequency doubling fault frequency according to the rotating speed information and the information of the bearing, judging the fault condition of the bearing according to the information of different frequencies, and judging whether the bearing can continuously work; when the intelligent locking nut judges the state of the bearing to be abnormal, the information is subjected to repeated noise reduction treatment; when the abnormal probability is judged to be larger than a certain value for a plurality of times, judging that the bearing state is abnormal;
step eight: the intelligent locking nut judges the state of the bearing, the information is sent to the whole vehicle by the intelligent locking nut, and the whole vehicle gives an alarm for related information.
Further, in the second step, when the MEMS acceleration sensor is disposed on a plane perpendicular to the ground, the positioning formula of the chip angle θ is as follows:
where ACC _ x and ACC _ y are the obtained acceleration information in x and y directions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by designing the intelligent locking nut, the information of the axle bearing is directly acquired, and the problem that the axle bearing is difficult to monitor is solved; the operating state detection and diagnosis algorithm in the embedded sensing operation unit is utilized to obtain the working state and the fault type of the bearing, the problems of high cost and large data transmission amount caused by the traditional upper computer information processing are solved, and the method is favorable for commercial application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the intelligent lock nut, wherein fig. 1(a) is a slotted mounting form on a lock nut body, and fig. 1(b) is a mounting form of the whole intelligent lock nut mounted on a bearing base.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an embedded sensing and operating system in the intelligent locking nut.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method of axle bearing condition monitoring and fault identification.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1(a) and 1(b), an intelligent locking nut comprises a locking nut body 1, and an embedded sensing operation unit 2 is embedded in the locking nut body 1.
The installation mode of the embedded sensing arithmetic unit 2 comprises the following steps: slotting in the lock nut body 1, embedding the embedded sensing operation unit into the lock nut body, and referring to fig. 1(a), or fixedly connecting the encapsulated embedded sensing operation unit 2 with the lock nut body 1; or the embedded sensing unit 2 after being packaged is mounted on the bearing base 3, and the embedded sensing unit 2 is matched with the lock nut body 1 in a surface contact mode, as shown in fig. 1 (b).
Referring to fig. 3, the application of the intelligent lock nut to the detection of the truck axle bearing comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, an intelligent locking nut is used for replacing a locking nut used by an original bearing to be monitored or a fixed bearing, and state information of all bearings of an axle is obtained and processed;
referring to fig. 1(a), the intelligent locking nut is embedded with an embedded sensing operation unit 2 on the basis of a locking nut body 1; referring to fig. 2, the embedded sensing operation unit integrates a sensing unit, a data auxiliary unit and a communication unit; the sensing unit comprises an MEMS acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor or other required sensing devices; the data auxiliary unit comprises data storage and operation analysis, and realizes information processing and operation of related monitoring and diagnosis algorithms; the communication unit comprises wireless and wired communication, so that the intelligent locking nut can send the state information of the bearing to the outside.
The mounting mode of the embedded sensing operation unit in the intelligent locking nut comprises the following steps: the embedded sensing operation unit 2 is embedded into the original locking nut body by slotting in the locking nut body 1. Or the embedded sensing arithmetic unit 2 can be packaged separately, and then the whole packaged system is fixedly connected with the locking nut body 1 into a whole. If the locknut body 1 is small in size, the encapsulated embedded sensing unit 2 can be mounted on the bearing base 3 and matched with the locknut body 1 in a surface contact mode, as shown in fig. 1 (b).
In an embodiment of the invention, a corresponding temperature measuring structure is designed on the housing of the embedded sensing arithmetic unit, and a preferable embodiment is to closely fit the structure with a fixed surface to ensure temperature measurement.
For an axle system with multiple groups of locking nuts, one or more intelligent locking nuts can be used for replacing the original locking nuts, and the state information of all bearings of the axle can be acquired and processed.
Step two: due to the slight difference of different structures, the initial angle of the acceleration sensing circuit is not fixed. Therefore, after the embedded sensing operation unit of the intelligent locking nut is started, the chip angle of the MEMS acceleration sensor needs to be positioned. Due to the gravity, the sensing circuit senses the initial gravity acceleration, so that the chip can be positioned and initialized according to the gravity acceleration, taking the MEMS acceleration sensor as an example, which is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the ground, and the positioning formula of the chip angle θ is as follows:
where ACC _ x and ACC _ y are the obtained acceleration information in x and y directions.
Step three: and acquiring vibration and temperature data of the axle bearing through the embedded sensing operation unit, and storing the data until the data acquisition is completed.
Step four: and judging the temperature data of the bearing, and if the temperature data exceeds the normal range, considering that the state of the bearing is abnormal and immediately giving an alarm to the outside.
Step five: converting a time domain signal into a frequency domain signal by using an FFT (fast Fourier transform) or DFT (discrete Fourier transform) algorithm on the vibration signal to obtain a frequency domain, and then judging the rotating speed information of the current bearing according to a specific signal in the frequency domain; in the rotating process of the bearing, no matter whether the bearing is in failure or not, the bearing does periodic motion with frequency in a certain proportional relation with the rotating speed, so that the other frequencies except the rotating speed frequency are used as evidences, including frequency doubling, frequency tripling and ball rotating frequency.
Step six: judging time domain indexes of the bearing vibration signal, including a peak-to-peak value signal, a kurtosis signal and a mean square error signal, and judging whether the time domain indexes are within corresponding threshold values under corresponding rotating speeds; if the bearing state is within the threshold value, the bearing state is normal, and if the bearing state is abnormal, the next step is carried out.
Step seven: searching a specific frequency doubling fault frequency according to the rotating speed information and the information of the bearing, judging the fault condition of the bearing according to the information of different frequencies, and judging whether the bearing can continue to work or not; when the intelligent locking nut judges the state of the bearing to be abnormal, the information is subjected to repeated noise reduction treatment; namely, when the abnormal probability is judged to be larger than a certain value for a plurality of times, the bearing state is judged to be abnormal.
Step eight: the intelligent locking nut judges the state of the bearing, the information is sent to the whole vehicle by the intelligent locking nut, and the whole vehicle gives an alarm for related information.
Claims (7)
1. The intelligent locking nut comprises a locking nut body (1) and is characterized in that an embedded sensing operation unit (2) is embedded in the locking nut body (1).
2. The intelligent locking nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the embedded sensing and computing unit (2) integrates a sensing unit, a data auxiliary unit and a communication unit; the sensing unit comprises an MEMS acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor or other required sensing devices; the data auxiliary unit comprises data storage and operation analysis, and realizes information processing and operation of related monitoring and diagnosis algorithms; the communication unit comprises wireless and wired communication, so that the intelligent locking nut can send the state information of the bearing to the outside.
3. The intelligent lock nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the embedded sensing and computing unit (2) is installed in a manner comprising: slotting in the lock nut body (1), and embedding the embedded sensing operation unit into the lock nut body, or fixedly connecting the encapsulated embedded sensing operation unit (2) with the lock nut body (1); or the encapsulated embedded sensing unit (2) is arranged on the bearing base (3), and the embedded sensing unit (2) is matched with the lock nut body (1) in a surface contact mode.
4. The application of the intelligent locking nut to the detection of the axle bearing of the truck as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the intelligent locking nut body (1) is used for obtaining and processing state information of all bearings of an axle;
the intelligent locking nut is characterized in that an embedded sensing operation unit (2) is embedded in a locking nut body (1);
step two: after an embedded sensing operation unit of the intelligent locking nut is started, positioning initialization is carried out on the chip according to the gravity acceleration;
step three: acquiring vibration and temperature data of the axle bearing through an embedded sensing operation unit, and storing the data until the data acquisition is completed;
step four: judging the temperature data of the bearing, if the temperature data exceeds the normal range, considering that the bearing state is abnormal, and immediately alarming;
step five: converting a time domain signal into a frequency domain signal by using an FFT (fast Fourier transform) or DFT (discrete Fourier transform) algorithm on the vibration signal to obtain a frequency domain, and then judging the rotating speed information of the current bearing according to a specific signal in the frequency domain; in the rotating process of the bearing, no matter whether the bearing fails or not, the bearing does periodic motion with frequency in a certain proportional relation with the rotating speed, so that other frequencies except the rotating speed frequency are used as evidences, including frequency doubling, frequency tripling and ball rotating frequency;
step six: judging time domain indexes of the bearing vibration signal, including a peak-to-peak value signal, a kurtosis signal and a mean square error signal, and judging whether the time domain indexes are within corresponding threshold values under corresponding rotating speeds; if the bearing state is within the threshold value, the bearing state is normal, and if the bearing state is abnormal, the next step is carried out;
step seven: searching a specific frequency doubling fault frequency according to the rotating speed information and the information of the bearing, judging the fault condition of the bearing according to the information of different frequencies, and judging whether the bearing can continuously work; when the intelligent locking nut judges the state of the bearing to be abnormal, the information is subjected to repeated noise reduction treatment; when the abnormal probability is judged to be larger than a certain value for a plurality of times, judging that the bearing state is abnormal;
step eight: the intelligent locking nut judges the state of the bearing, the information is sent to the whole vehicle by the intelligent locking nut, and the whole vehicle gives an alarm for related information.
5. The application of the intelligent locking nut on the detection of the axle bearing of the truck as claimed in claim 4, wherein the embedded sensing and operation unit integrates a sensing unit, a data auxiliary unit and a communication unit; the sensing unit comprises an MEMS acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor or other required sensing devices; the data auxiliary unit comprises data storage and operation analysis, and realizes information processing and operation of related monitoring and diagnosis algorithms; the communication unit comprises wireless and wired communication, so that the intelligent locking nut can send the state information of the bearing to the outside.
6. The application of the intelligent locking nut on the detection of the axle bearing of the truck as claimed in claim 4, wherein the embedded sensing and computing unit (2) is installed in a manner that: slotting in the lock nut body (1), and embedding the embedded sensing operation unit into the lock nut body, or fixedly connecting the encapsulated embedded sensing operation unit (2) with the lock nut body (1); or the encapsulated embedded sensing unit (2) is arranged on the bearing base (3), and the embedded sensing unit (2) is matched with the lock nut body (1) in a surface contact mode.
7. The application of the intelligent lock nut to the detection of the axle bearing of the truck as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the second step, when the MEMS acceleration sensor is arranged on a plane perpendicular to the ground, the positioning formula of the chip angle θ is as follows:
where ACC _ x and ACC _ y are the obtained acceleration information in x and y directions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210575827.XA CN114993674A (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2022-05-25 | Intelligent locking nut and application thereof in detection of truck axle bearing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210575827.XA CN114993674A (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2022-05-25 | Intelligent locking nut and application thereof in detection of truck axle bearing |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114993674A true CN114993674A (en) | 2022-09-02 |
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| CN202210575827.XA Pending CN114993674A (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2022-05-25 | Intelligent locking nut and application thereof in detection of truck axle bearing |
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| CN (1) | CN114993674A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110411747A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-11-05 | 斯凯孚公司 | For determining the rotation speed of the road wheel end of vehicle and the device of vibration |
| CN110410283A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 浙江未来技术研究院(嘉兴) | A kind of bolt or nut tightening state monitoring method and system |
| CN112525531A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-03-19 | 南通大学 | Embedded intelligent bearing monitoring system and monitoring method thereof |
| CN114152443A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-08 | 重庆大学 | Embedded acoustic intelligent bearing and monitoring and diagnosing method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-05-25 CN CN202210575827.XA patent/CN114993674A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110411747A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-11-05 | 斯凯孚公司 | For determining the rotation speed of the road wheel end of vehicle and the device of vibration |
| CN110410283A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 浙江未来技术研究院(嘉兴) | A kind of bolt or nut tightening state monitoring method and system |
| CN112525531A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-03-19 | 南通大学 | Embedded intelligent bearing monitoring system and monitoring method thereof |
| CN114152443A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-08 | 重庆大学 | Embedded acoustic intelligent bearing and monitoring and diagnosing method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 王方哲等: "滚动轴承内圈温度无线监测技术", 《机械工程学报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20220902 |