CN114990672A - Electroplating method for improving wear resistance of pump parts - Google Patents
Electroplating method for improving wear resistance of pump parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN114990672A CN114990672A CN202210715887.7A CN202210715887A CN114990672A CN 114990672 A CN114990672 A CN 114990672A CN 202210715887 A CN202210715887 A CN 202210715887A CN 114990672 A CN114990672 A CN 114990672A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electroplating method for improving the wear resistance of pump parts, wherein a carbon nano tube is used as a bridge between an aluminum oxide metal coating and a substrate, so that the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the aluminum oxide metal coating and the substrate is relieved, and the hardness of the surface of a material is improved; in addition, the ultrasonic effect in the electrodeposition process is utilized to improve the uniformity of the coating surface, which has important significance on the corrosion resistance of the material. Under the proper electrodeposition condition, the two components play a synergistic role, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the material are further improved, and the method plays an important role in the surface treatment of pump parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of surface treatment of metal materials, in particular relates to an electroplating method for improving wear resistance, and particularly relates to an electroplating method for improving wear resistance of pump parts.
Background
With the progress of modern science and technology, especially emerging industries such as the high-speed development of aerospace technology, the utilization of large-scale atomic energy, ocean development and the like, the industrial production puts forward higher and higher requirements on structural materials. Especially in the aspect of the water pump, the service performance of water pump parts directly relates to the operation effect, the energy-saving efficiency and the normal service life of the water pump. Under the condition of complex working conditions, especially under the condition of larger sand content in a water body, most of water pump failures are caused by poor sand resistance and wear resistance of parts of the water pump, so that the maintenance cost of the water pump is increased, and the service life of the water pump is shortened. Therefore, higher requirements are put on the sand and wear resistance of the water pump part material.
At present, a simple metal material is difficult to meet the use requirement. The metal alloy material has high strength, good toughness and thermal conductivity at high temperature, but has poor oxidation resistance at high temperature, thereby limiting the use thereof at high temperature. The ceramic material has good high-temperature oxidation resistance and wear resistance, so that various functional ceramics are uniformly coated on the surface of a base metal or alloy material by a certain process, and the obtained composite material has good physical and mechanical properties of the metal or alloy and has the advantages of various functional materials, such as heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like.
Compared with other metal-based ceramic coating technologies, the electrophoretic deposition technology is a mild surface coating method, can avoid phase change and brittle fracture caused by a high-temperature process, and is beneficial to enhancing the binding force between the substrate metal and the ceramic base layer; secondly, the electrophoretic deposition process is a non-linear process, and a uniform functional ceramic deposition layer can be prepared on the surface of a metal material with a complex shape and a porous surface; in addition, the electrophoretic deposition method also has the advantages of simple required equipment, convenient operation, easy control of deposition process and the like. However, an alloy obtained by combining a coating layer and a substrate by an electrophoretic deposition technique has a characteristic of a large difference in thermal expansion coefficient, and has a problem that cracking is likely to occur during calcination. Therefore, it is important to develop an electrophoresis technique that can relieve the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating and the substrate, and improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an electroplating method for improving the wear resistance of pump parts, so as to solve the problems in the technical background.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical method:
s1, weighing a certain amount of Al (NO) 3 ) 3 Dissolving the solid in 20ml distilled water, stirring to dissolve to obtain 0.5-1.5mol/L Al (NO3) 3 Adding a certain mass fraction of ammonia water solution into Al (NO) dropwise according to a certain volume ratio 3 ) 3 In the solution, the pH value of the final solution is 9.5;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with purity of 97%, outer diameter of 50-150nm and length of 5-15 mu m in isopropanol with concentration of 1.0-1.8g/L to form a CNT suspension;
s3, filtering the solution prepared by S1 by suction, adding the obtained precipitate into 100-200ml distilled water for washing for 3 times until the pH value of the precipitate is 7.0, adding the precipitate into 150-250ml ethanol solution for stirring, and dropwise adding 2.5ml HNO with the concentration of 2mol/L 3 Adding the CNT suspension prepared by S2 into the solution according to a certain volume ratio, continuously stirring for 30min to uniformly mix the solution, and stirring the solution in a water bath at about 80 ℃ for a period of time to obtain AlOOH-CNT sol;
s4, taking an aluminum sheet as an anode, a stainless steel sheet as a cathode and AlOOH-CNT sol as an electrophoretic solution, and carrying out electrophoretic deposition in an ultrasonic machine by adopting a structure of a double anode and a single cathode, wherein the deposition time is 50-250S;
s5, the electric furnace is heated to 500-.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the ammonia aqueous solution in step S1 is 2.5%.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the CNT suspension to the ethanol solution in step S3 is 1: 120.
preferably, the stirring time in step S3 is 50 min.
Preferably, the electrophoretic deposition voltage in step S4 is 30 mV.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the carbon nano tube is used as a bridge between the aluminum oxide metal coating and the substrate, so that the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the aluminum oxide metal coating and the substrate is relieved, and the hardness of the surface of the material can be improved; in addition, the ultrasonic effect in the electrodeposition process is utilized to improve the uniformity of the coating surface, which has important significance on the corrosion resistance of the material. Under the proper electrodeposition condition, the two components play a synergistic role, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the material are further improved, and the method plays an important role in the surface treatment of pump parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffractometer binding spectrum of the coating in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the corrosion resistance of the coatings prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the corrosion resistance of coatings prepared according to example 3 of the present invention and comparative examples 3-6.
FIG. 4 is a scan of the coating prepared in example 2 of the present invention after abrasion resistance testing.
FIG. 5 is a scan of the coating prepared in example 3 of the present invention after abrasion resistance testing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an electroplating method for improving the wear resistance of pump parts, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing a certain amount of Al (NO) 3 ) 3 Dissolving the solid in 20ml distilled water, stirring to dissolve to obtain 0.5-1.5mol/L Al (NO3) 3 Adding ammonia water solution with a certain mass fraction into Al (NO) dropwise according to a certain volume ratio 3 ) 3 In the solution, the pH value of the final solution is 9.5;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with purity of 97%, outer diameter of 50-150nm and length of 5-15 mu m in isopropanol with concentration of 1.0-1.8g/L to form CNT suspension;
s3, filtering the solution prepared in S1, adding the obtained precipitate into 100-200ml distilled water, washing for 3 times until the pH value of the precipitate is 7.0, adding the precipitate into 150-250ml ethanol solution, stirring, and dropwise adding 2.5ml HNO with the concentration of 2mol/L 3 Adding the CNT suspension prepared by S2 into the solution according to a certain volume ratio, continuously stirring for 30min to uniformly mix the solution, and stirring the solution in a water bath at about 80 ℃ for a period of time to obtain AlOOH-CNT sol;
s4, taking an aluminum sheet as an anode, a stainless steel sheet as a cathode and AlOOH-CNT sol as an electrophoretic solution, and carrying out electrophoretic deposition in an ultrasonic machine by adopting a structure of double anodes and single cathode, wherein the deposition time is 50-250S;
s5, the electric furnace is heated to 500-.
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
S1, weighing a certain amount of Al (NO) 3 ) 3 The solid was dissolved in 20ml of distilled water and stirred until dissolved, to obtain 0.82mol/L of Al (NO3) 3 Adding an ammonia water solution with a certain mass fraction of 2.5% into Al (NO) dropwise according to a certain volume ratio 3 ) 3 In the solution, the pH value of the final solution is 9.5;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with purity of 97%, outer diameter within 100nm and length of 8 mu m in isopropanol with concentration of 1.6g/L to form a CNT suspension;
s3, carrying out suction filtration on the solution prepared in the S1, adding the obtained precipitate into 160ml of distilled water, washing for 3 times until the pH value of the precipitate is 7.0, adding the precipitate into 190ml of ethanol solution, stirring, and dropwise adding 2.5ml of HNO with the concentration of 2mol/L 3 Solution, while following a 1: adding the CNT suspension prepared by S2 into the solution according to the volume ratio of 120, continuously stirring for 30min to uniformly mix the solution, and stirring the solution in a water bath at about 80 ℃ for 50min to obtain AlOOH-CNT sol;
s4, taking an aluminum sheet as an anode, a stainless steel sheet as a cathode, taking AlOOH-CNT sol as an electrophoretic solution, and carrying out electrophoretic deposition in an ultrasonic machine by adopting a structure of double anodes and single cathode, wherein the voltage is set to be 30mV, and the deposition time is 150S;
and S5, heating the electric furnace to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, placing the sample on a refractory material and in the electric furnace, calcining for 8min, and taking out.
Comparative example 1: the CNT suspension was not added in step S3, and the rest was the same as in example 2.
Example 2
S1, weighing a certain amount of Al (NO) 3 ) 3 The solid was dissolved in 20ml of distilled water and stirred until dissolved, to obtain 0.82mol/L of Al (NO3) 3 Adding an ammonia water solution with a certain mass fraction of 2.5% into Al (NO) dropwise according to a certain volume ratio 3 ) 3 In the solution, the pH value of the final solution is 9.5;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with purity of 97%, outer diameter within 100nm and length of 8 mu m in isopropanol with concentration of 1.6g/L to form a CNT suspension;
s3, filtering the solution prepared by S1 by suction, and adding 160ml of distilled water to wash the obtained precipitate for 3 times until the pH value of the precipitate is 7.0. Adding the precipitate into 190ml ethanol solution, stirring, and dropwise adding 2.5ml HNO with concentration of 2mol/L 3 Solution, simultaneously according to 1: adding CNT suspension prepared by S2 in a volume ratio of 120, continuously stirring for 30min to uniformly mix, and stirring the solution in a water bath at about 80 ℃ for 50min to obtain AlOOH-CNT sol;
s4, taking an aluminum sheet as an anode, a stainless steel sheet as a cathode, taking AlOOH-CNT sol as an electrophoretic solution, and carrying out electrophoretic deposition in an ultrasonic machine by adopting a structure of double anodes and single cathode, wherein the voltage is set to be 30mV, and the deposition time is 150S;
and S5, heating the electric furnace to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, placing the sample on a refractory material and in the electric furnace, calcining for 8min, and taking out.
Comparative example 2: the electrodeposition process in step S4 was not carried out in the ultrasonic wave, and the rest was the same as in example 3.
Example 3
S1, weighing a certain amount of Al (NO) 3 ) 3 The solid was dissolved in 20ml of distilled water and stirred until dissolved, to obtain 0.82mol/L of Al (NO3) 3 Adding an ammonia water solution with a certain mass fraction of 2.5% into Al (NO) dropwise according to a certain volume ratio 3 ) 3 In the solution, the pH value of the final solution is 9.5;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with purity of 97%, outer diameter within 100nm and length of 8 mu m in isopropanol with concentration of 1.6g/L to form a CNT suspension;
s3, filtering the solution prepared in S1 by suction, and adding 160ml of distilled water to wash the obtained precipitate for 3 times until the pH value of the precipitate is 7.0. Adding the precipitate into 190ml ethanol solution, stirring, and dropwise adding 2.5ml HNO with concentration of 2mol/L 3 Solution, while following a 1: adding CNT suspension prepared by S2 at a volume ratio of 120, stirring for 30min, mixing, and stirring in water bath at 80 deg.C for 50min to obtain the final productTo AlOOH-CNT sol;
s4, taking an aluminum sheet as an anode, a stainless steel sheet as a cathode, taking AlOOH-CNT sol as an electrophoretic solution, and carrying out electrophoretic deposition in an ultrasonic machine by adopting a structure of double anodes and single cathode, wherein the voltage is set to be 30mV, and the deposition time is 150S;
s5, placing the sample on a refractory material and in an electric furnace according to the heating rate of 10 ℃/min to 1000 ℃ and the temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min, calcining for 8min and taking out.
Comparative example 3: step S4 deposition time was 50S, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4: step S4 deposition time was 100S, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5: step S4 deposition time was 200S, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 6: step S4 deposition time was 250S, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
In order to evaluate the wear and corrosion resistance of the coatings prepared in the examples and comparative examples, we carried out the evaluation as follows:
1. abrasion resistance test
The sample was subjected to a normal temperature reciprocating abrasion test on a wheel type abrasive abrasion tester. Processing the sample into
The size of 40mm is multiplied by 30mm and multiplied by 4mm, 30N positive pressure is selected for the test, sand paper with the grain diameter of 180 meshes is used for a grinding part, the rotating speed of a friction wheel is 160mm/r, the sample is sensitively rubbed once, the friction wheel rotates for 0.9 degrees to ensure that the sample is contacted with fresh SiC sand paper in the next cycle, after the sample is rubbed for 400 cycles, the friction wheel just rotates for one circle, and at the moment, the new SiC sand paper (the abrasive grain is 80 mu m) is replaced for the next cycle. Each 400 cycles of the test specimen corresponds to 24m of rubbing travel, and each test specimen is ground in pairs 2000 times in a reciprocating manner, i.e. the total rubbing travel is 120 m. The wear resistance of the coating is evaluated by a weight loss method, the sample is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and drying in two ketones before and after each round of test, the weight loss of the sample is measured by an analytical balance with the precision of 0.1mg, and the average value of the weight loss after 5 times is taken.
2. Acid corrosion resistance test
(1) Taking a beaker with the volume of 25ml, washing the beaker with distilled water and drying the beaker for later use;
(2) sequentially weighing the mass of the calcined sample by using an electronic balance and recording the mass;
(3) adding 2mol/L HCl solution into a beaker, putting samples into the beaker in sequence, and timing;
(4) observing the corrosion condition of the sample and recording;
(5) taking out the corroded sample, recording the corrosion time and calculating the corrosion area, cleaning the surface of the sample and weighing again.
(6) The corrosion resistance of the coating was analyzed by weight loss method and the corrosion rate was calculated using the following formula:
wherein v is the corrosion rate (g/(cm) 2 ·h)),m 0 Mass (g) of the sample before etching, m 1 The mass (g) of the sample after etching, and S is the area (cm) of the sample 2 ) And t is the etching time (h).
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffractometer-associated spectrum of the coating of example 3 of the present invention, from which it can be observed that: the prepared sample is calcined for 8min at 850 ℃ to generate Fe 3 O 4 And FeO; at the same time, Al is also present on the surface layer of the substrate 2 O 3 Is present. Both oxides of iron appear in the sample because of the high temperature oxidation of the matrix during calcination. The high-temperature oxidation of metal means that the metal is converted into metal oxide by chemical reaction with oxygen or oxygen-containing substances in a high-temperature gas phase environment.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the corrosion resistance of coatings prepared according to examples 1-3 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-2, the specific data of which are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from the figure, the wear resistance of example 1 is more prominent than that of comparative example 1 without adding the carbon nanotube suspension; at the same time, the abrasion resistance of example 2 was also improved a little compared to comparative example 2, which had no ultrasonic treatment during electrodeposition. However, the wear resistance of example 3 is more prominent than that of examples 1-2, which shows that although the addition of carbon nanotubes or ultrasonic treatment during electroplating improves the wear resistance of the coating, the improvement effect is not good. However, the wear resistance of the coating can be further improved by the synergistic effect of the two. The added carbon nano tube is supposed to be used as a bridge between an aluminum oxide metal coating and a substrate, so that the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the aluminum oxide metal coating and the substrate is relieved, and the wear resistance of the surface of the material can be improved. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic treatment of electrodeposition can improve the uniformity of the surface of the coating, which has important significance on wear resistance.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the corrosion resistance of the coatings prepared in inventive example 3 and comparative examples 3-6, with specific data as shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the figure that the electrophoretic deposition time has an effect on the corrosion resistance of the resulting sample. The corrosion rate of the sample is reduced along with the prolonging of the deposition time, and the samples obtained when 150s and 250s are deposited have better corrosion resistance, and the corrosion rate of the coating in unit time is low. And the corrosion rate of the sample tends to increase with further extension of the deposition time. This is because, in the case of short-time deposition, only a small amount of sol particles were deposited on the surface of the stainless substrate, and therefore the coating amount on the surface of the sample obtained after calcination was small, and the corrosion resistance was poor. As the deposition time is prolonged, the particles deposited on the surface of the substrate are increased, and more coatings are left on the surface of the substrate after calcination, so that the effect of reducing the corrosion rate is achieved. As the deposition time is further extended, the coating layer is continuously thickened and is more prone to chapping during the calcination process, so that the substrate is corroded, and the corrosion rate is increased and the corrosion resistance is reduced.
Fig. 4 and 5 are comparative plots of the coatings prepared in examples 2 and 3, respectively, after wear resistance testing, from which we can see that the coatings prepared in example 3 wear less than example 2, and although some flaking of the hard particles occurred, they were overall more intact, again as evidenced by the scanned plots showing good wear resistance of the material.
In summary, the carbon nanotube used as a bridge between the aluminum oxide metal coating and the substrate in the invention can improve the hardness of the material surface while relieving the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the aluminum oxide metal coating and the substrate; in addition, the ultrasonic effect in the electrodeposition process is utilized to improve the uniformity of the coating surface, which has important significance on the corrosion resistance of the material. Under the proper electrodeposition condition, the two components play a synergistic role, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the material are further improved, and the method plays an important role in the surface treatment of pump parts.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof which would be obvious to those skilled in the art, and which are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electroplating method for improving the wear resistance of pump parts is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing a certain amount of Al (NO) 3 ) 3 Dissolving the solid in 20ml distilled water, stirring to dissolve to obtain 0.5-1.5mol/L Al (NO3) 3 Adding a certain mass fraction of ammonia water solution into Al (NO) dropwise according to a certain volume ratio 3 ) 3 In the solution, the pH value of the final solution is 9.5;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with purity of 97%, outer diameter of 50-150nm and length of 5-15 mu m in isopropanol with concentration of 1.0-1.8g/L to form CNT suspension;
s3, filtering the solution prepared in S1, adding the obtained precipitate into 100-200ml distilled water, washing for 3 times until the pH value of the precipitate is 7.0, adding the precipitate into 150-250ml ethanol solution, stirring, and dropwise adding 2.5mlHNO with concentration of 2mol/L 3 Adding the CNT suspension prepared by S2 into the solution according to a certain volume ratio, continuously stirring for 30min to uniformly mix the solution, and stirring the solution in a water bath at about 80 ℃ for a period of time to obtain AlOOH-CNT sol;
s4, taking an aluminum sheet as an anode, a stainless steel sheet as a cathode and AlOOH-CNT sol as an electrophoretic solution, and carrying out electrophoretic deposition in an ultrasonic machine by adopting a structure of double anodes and single cathode, wherein the deposition time is 50-250S;
s5, the temperature of the electric furnace is raised to 500-1000 ℃ according to the temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min, the sample is placed on the refractory material and is placed in the electric furnace, and the sample is taken out after being calcined for 5-15 min.
2. The electroplating process for improving the wear resistance of the pump parts as claimed in claim 1, wherein: al in the S1 (NO3) 3 The concentration of the solution is 0.82mol/L, ammonia water solution and Al (NO) 3 ) 3 The volume ratio of the solution was 1: 3.
3. The electroplating process for improving the wear resistance of the pump parts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electroplating process comprises the following steps: al in the S1 (NO3) 3 The concentration of the solution is 0.75mol/L, ammonia water solution and Al (NO) 3 ) 3 The volume ratio of the solution was 1.2: 3.
4. The electroplating process for improving the wear resistance of pump parts according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the electroplating process comprises the following steps: the CNT in S2 has an outer diameter of 100nm and a length of 8 μm.
5. The electroplating process for improving the wear resistance of pump parts according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the electroplating process comprises the following steps: the CNTs in S2 had an outer diameter of 120nm and a length of 10 μm.
6. An electroplating process for improving the wear resistance of pump parts according to claim 4 or 5, wherein: the concentration of the CNT suspension in S2 was 1.6 g/L.
7. The electroplating process for improving the wear resistance of the pump parts as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the volume of the distilled water in the S3 is 150ml, and the volume of the ethanol is 175 ml.
8. The electroplating process for improving the wear resistance of the pump parts as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the volume of the distilled water in the S3 is 160ml, and the volume of the ethanol is 190 ml.
9. An electroplating process for improving the wear resistance of pump parts according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: the electrodeposition time in S4 was 50S.
10. An electroplating process for improving the wear resistance of pump parts according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: the electrodeposition time in S4 was 100S.
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