CN114990640A - Laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device and method - Google Patents
Laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/003—3D structures, e.g. superposed patterned layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device and method, which comprises the following steps: the X/Y direction moving platform is connected with the laser emitting device and is used for driving the laser emitting device to move in the X/Y direction; the Z-direction movement device is connected with the cathode substrate and is used for controlling the cathode substrate to lift; an electrolytic bath disposed between the laser emitting device and the cathode substrate; and the anode substrate is arranged inside the electrolytic cell. The laser irradiation cathode substrate is used for carrying out electrochemical deposition, so that the electrochemical reaction rate can be greatly improved, the cathode substrate is designed to be inverted, and a printed metal layer can be lifted out of the liquid level of the electrolyte by using a Z-direction movement device, so that the adverse effect of stray current on a non-processing area is effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device and method.
Background
The 3D printing technology is an additive manufacturing technology that is currently receiving wide attention at home and abroad, wherein the metal 3D printing technology is particularly emphasized by researchers due to having greater industrialization potential. Existing metal 3D printing techniques can be broadly divided into two broad categories, namely powder bed fusion techniques (PBF) and directed energy deposition techniques (DED). In powder bed fusion techniques, the thermal energy of an energy beam is typically selected to selectively heat regions of a sintered/fused powder layer, which are then stacked layer-by-layer to form a 3D solid part. Currently, the typical powder bed fusion techniques mainly include Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and electron beam melting molding (EBM). For the directed energy deposition technique, a 3D solid object is obtained by melting a powder or a filament material with a focused energy beam and then depositing the material layer by layer according to a designed trajectory. Typical directed energy deposition techniques include laser engineered net shape fabrication (LENS), Direct Metal Deposition (DMD), and Electron Beam Free Form Fabrication (EBFFF), among others.
Among the above metal 3D printing technologies, the SLS technology is the most mature, and is also the process with the highest degree of industrialization and the fastest development speed. The metallurgical mechanism adopted by SLS is a liquid phase sintering mechanism, laser melts part of the powder material in the forming process, the powder particles retain the solid phase form, and powder densification is realized through subsequent liquid phase solidification and solid phase particle rearrangement bonding. The laser sintering technology can directly manufacture metal products with complex structures, but the forming precision is not high, the parts are loose and porous, the mechanical properties are insufficient, and the manufacture with smaller scale cannot be met. To improve these problems, engineers have further developed selective laser melt Shaping (SLM) technology based on SLS. The SLM technology improves the input power of laser, completely melts the powder material in the scanning area, and adopts a melting welding mechanism to replace a sintering mechanism of SLS. Therefore, the metal parts of the SLM have better compactness and mechanical properties than SLS. However, SLM parts are rather slightly lower in forming accuracy than SLS due to uncontrolled flow of molten metal and surface tension, among other reasons. In addition, SLM is performed in a working chamber protected by inert gas to prevent oxidation of metal at high temperature, so that the equipment is more expensive and the process is more complicated. Furthermore, most of the mainstream metal 3D printing technologies today use a thermal forming mechanism, that is, high-temperature sintering or melting metal is used to connect and form the metal, so that the printed parts inevitably have large thermal stress and internal stress, and cracks and deformation are easily generated.
Electrochemical deposition, also referred to as electrodeposition, is a technique in which a current is transferred by positive and negative ions in an electrolyte solution under the action of an external electric field, and an oxidation-reduction reaction of electrons is generated at an electrode to form a plating layer. Electrochemical deposition techniques are widely used in industry and are also well established. Electroplating, electroforming, anodizing, etc. coatings and part fabrication methods are typical applications for electrochemical deposition techniques. The electrochemical deposition process has very low heat input, which is equivalent to a non-thermal process, so that the residual stress of the obtained product or coating is very low, and the problem of oxidation can be avoided under normal pressure. In addition, the electrochemical deposition has excellent microstructure regulation and control performance, and crystal grain structures with different sizes and orientations can be obtained by regulating and controlling process parameters, so that the mechanical properties of the crystal grain structures are controlled. Therefore, attempts have been made to develop additive manufacturing techniques for metal three-dimensional structures and parts using electrochemical deposition. For example, patent [ ZL201710351130.3] proposes an electrochemical metal needle tip 3D printer, which implements localized scanning with a metal needle tip to implement electrochemical metal needle tip deposition 3D printing; CN201711387048.2 discloses a method for manufacturing a micro-mold by electroforming with a metalized jet on the surface of a substrate, which utilizes a machine tool to drive an electroforming nozzle connected with an anode to perform selective scanning electroforming on the surface of a metal substrate connected with a cathode, thereby obtaining the electroforming micro-mold. The electrochemical 3D printing technology effectively avoids the problems of thermal stress and high-temperature oxidation of the workpiece of the existing metal 3D printing technology, and has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, simple equipment process and good compactness of the workpiece. In addition, due to these characteristics, the electrochemical 3D printing technology is very suitable for the fabrication of miniature articles.
The main limitations of current electrochemical 3D printing technologies are in two aspects. First, there is a processing efficiency problem. Conventional electrochemical deposition 3D printing technology provides thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for electrochemical reaction only by applying voltage and current between two poles, so that the reduction reaction process is slow and the deposition speed is slow. And secondly, the machining precision. In the processing process of the existing electrochemical deposition 3D printing technology, due to the fact that non-processing areas on a cathode substrate and a workpiece are completely immersed in electrolyte or in the swept range of the electrolyte, deposition effects of other non-processing areas are easily caused under the influence of stray current, and the structural accuracy of an electro-deposition workpiece is further seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device and method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device, comprising:
the X/Y direction moving platform is connected with the laser emitting device and is used for driving the laser emitting device to move in the X/Y direction;
the Z-direction movement device is connected with the cathode substrate and is used for controlling the cathode substrate to lift;
an electrolytic bath disposed between the laser emitting device and the cathode substrate;
and the anode substrate is arranged inside the electrolytic cell.
Preferably, the electrolytic cell comprises:
the bottom of the electrolytic cell box body is made of optical high-transmittance glass;
the electrolytic cell end cover, be equipped with the window on the electrolytic cell end cover, the size of window with the size of negative pole base plate is unanimous, the electrolytic cell end cover with the electrolytic cell box body is connected.
Preferably, the electrolytic bath is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are connected with an electrolyte circulating water tank through an electrolyte circulating pipeline.
Preferably, the electrolyte circulation tank includes:
the electrolyte circulating filter water tank is communicated with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the electrolytic bath;
the baume degree and PH value measuring instrument is arranged inside the electrolyte circulating filter water tank and is used for detecting the baume degree and the PH value of the electrolyte;
and the electrolyte concentration compensation water tank is communicated with the electrolyte circulating filter water tank and is used for compensating the concentration of the electrolyte according to the Baume degree and the PH value of the electrolyte.
Preferably, the laser emitting apparatus includes:
the laser head is connected with the X/Y direction motion platform;
and the laser is connected with the laser head through a laser optical fiber.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the cathode substrate horizontal adjustment silica gel column is connected with the Z-direction movement device;
and the cathode substrate clamp is respectively connected with the cathode substrate horizontal adjustment silica gel column and the cathode substrate.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the electrolytic bath is horizontally adjusted to a silica gel column, and the pad is attached under the electrolytic bath box body.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
an electrochemical machining power supply, a negative electrode of the electrochemical machining power supply being connected to the cathode substrate, and a positive electrode of the electrochemical machining power supply being connected to the anode substrate;
the invention also provides a laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: modeling a part to be processed to obtain a three-dimensional model of the part to be processed;
step 2: importing the three-dimensional model into slicing software, and slicing according to a preset thickness to obtain slicing data;
and step 3: planning a processing track scanned by the laser by using the slice data to obtain a track control parameter;
and 4, step 4: simulating the 3D printing process according to the track control parameters, and judging whether the simulation process meets the processing requirements or not;
and 5: if the simulation process does not meet the processing requirement, returning to the step 2;
step 6: and if the simulation process meets the processing requirement, controlling the laser to guide the electrochemical deposition 3D printing device to complete part processing by using the track control parameter.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device and method provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the laser-based electrochemical deposition method has the advantages that the laser is utilized to irradiate the cathode substrate for electrochemical deposition, so that the electrochemical reaction rate can be greatly improved, the cathode substrate is designed to be inverted, and the printed metal layer can be lifted out of the liquid level of the electrolyte by utilizing a Z-direction movement device, so that the adverse effect of stray current on a non-processing area is effectively avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing apparatus in an embodiment provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an electrolytic cell in an embodiment provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing method in an embodiment provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a part to be processed according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printing process in embodiment 1 provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a part to be processed according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a part to be machined according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a 3D printing process in embodiment 3 provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a part to be processed according to example 4 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printing process in embodiment 4 provided by the present invention.
Description of the symbols:
1-Z direction movement device, 2-cathode substrate horizontal adjustment silica gel column, 3-cathode substrate, 4-electrolytic tank, 5-electrolytic tank horizontal adjustment silica gel column, 6-electrolyte circulation pipeline, 7-laser head, 8-X/Y direction movement platform, 9-laser optical fiber, 10-laser, 11-electrochemical processing power supply, 12-electrolytic tank discharge water pump, 13-electromagnetic valve, 14-electrolyte concentration compensation water tank, 15-electrolyte circulation filtering water tank, 16-baume degree and PH value measuring instrument, 17-electrolytic tank afflux water pump, 18-electrolytic tank end cover, 19-electrodeposition processing power supply cathode line, 20-cathode substrate clamp, 21-insoluble anode (anode substrate) 22-optical high-transmission glass, 23-electrolyte outlet, 24-electrolyte outlet flow sensor, 25-electrolyte inlet flow sensor, 26-electrolyte inlet, 27-electrolyte, 28-liquid level limiting drain port, 29-temperature measuring meter, 30-part to be processed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, a laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing apparatus includes: an X/Y direction moving platform 8, a Z direction moving device 1, a laser emitting device, a cathode substrate 3, an anode substrate 21, an electrolytic bath 4 and an electrochemical machining power supply 11.
The X/Y direction moving platform 8 is connected with the laser emitting device and used for driving the laser emitting device to move in the X/Y direction; the Z-direction movement device 1 is connected with the cathode substrate 3 and is used for controlling the cathode substrate 3 to lift;
an electrolytic bath 4 disposed between the laser emitting device and the cathode substrate 3; an anode substrate 21 disposed inside the electrolytic cell 4; the cathode of the electrochemical machining power source 11 is connected to the cathode substrate 3, and the anode of the electrochemical machining power source 11 is connected to the anode substrate 21. Further, the laser emitting apparatus includes: a laser head 7, a laser 10 and a laser fiber 9. The laser head 7 is connected with the X/Y direction motion platform 8; the laser 10 is connected with the laser head 7 through a laser fiber 9.
The electrolytic tank 4 is fixed above the laser head 7 and below the cathode substrate 3, a region of high-transparent glass is left in the middle of the tank bottom, and laser can irradiate onto the cathode substrate 3 through the high-transparent glass 22 and the electrolyte 27. Except that a window with the same size as the cathode substrate 3 is reserved above the electrolytic cell 4, other parts are covered by an electrolytic cell end cover 18, and two liquid inlets and two liquid outlets are arranged in the electrolytic cell, so that the circulation of the electrolyte is convenient, as shown in figure 2, the electrolytic cell 4 comprises: cell box and cell end caps 18. The bottom of the electrolytic tank body is made of optical high-transmittance glass 22; the electrolytic cell end cover 18 is provided with a window, the size of the window is consistent with that of the cathode substrate 3, and the electrolytic cell end cover 18 is connected with the electrolytic cell box body.
Further, electrolysis trough 4 is equipped with inlet and liquid outlet, just the inlet with the liquid outlet passes through electrolyte circulating line 6 and is connected with electrolyte circulation tank, and one side of electrolysis trough 4 still is equipped with the spacing outlet 28 of liquid level, temperature measurement meter 29, electrolyte goes out liquid flow sensor 24 and electrolyte inlet flow sensor 25 for monitor the circulation state of electrolyte. The electrolyte circulating water tank consists of three parts, namely an electrolyte concentration compensation water tank 14 in which high-concentration electrolyte is arranged; the electrolyte circulating filter water tank 15 is internally provided with a filter element for filtering the electrolyte and can purify the electrolyte; and thirdly, a baume degree and PH value measuring instrument 16 can monitor the concentration and the PH value of the electrolyte in real time, and when the concentration and the PH value of the electrolyte deviate from set values, the electromagnetic valve 13 can be opened to automatically compensate the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte circulating filter water tank 15 below through the electrolyte concentration compensation water tank 14 above.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an electrolyte circulation tank includes: an electrolyte circulating filter water tank 15, a baume degree and PH value measuring instrument 16 and an electrolyte concentration compensation water tank 14;
the electrolyte circulating filter water tank 15 is communicated with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the electrolytic bath 4; the baume degree and PH value measuring instrument 16 is arranged inside the electrolyte circulating filter water tank 15 and is used for detecting the baume degree and the PH value of the electrolyte; and the electrolyte concentration compensation water tank 14 is communicated with the electrolyte circulating filter water tank 15 and is used for compensating the concentration of the electrolyte according to the baume degree and the pH value of the electrolyte.
The invention also includes: a cathode substrate horizontal adjustment silica gel column 2, a cathode substrate clamp 20 and an electrolytic bath horizontal adjustment silica gel column 5;
the cathode substrate horizontal adjustment silica gel column 2 is connected with the Z-direction movement device 1; and the cathode substrate clamp 20 is respectively connected with the cathode substrate horizontal adjustment silica gel column 2 and the cathode substrate 3. The electrolytic cell horizontally adjusts the silica gel column 5, and the pad is attached under the electrolytic cell box body to play a role in shock absorption.
The invention provides a laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device which mainly comprises a laser, a 3D printing motion platform, an electrochemical machining power supply, an electrolytic bath, an electrolyte circulating bath and the like. The laser is a high-energy light source which can perform non-isothermal heating on a local area, and the electrochemical reaction rate can be greatly improved by irradiating the cathode substrate with the laser to perform electrochemical deposition. Moreover, because the laser irradiation area has localization, on the premise of reasonably controlling the electrochemical deposition parameters, high-speed, high-quality and high-localization metal deposition can be realized on the substrate, and powerful support is provided for high-efficiency electrochemical deposition 3D printing processing. In addition, the cathode substrate is designed to be inverted, and the metal layer printed each time is lifted out of the liquid level of the electrolyte, so that the adverse effect of stray current on a non-processing area is effectively avoided.
The 3D printing device has the process advantages of wide processing materials (the most common deposition materials are developed into gold, silver, cobalt, metal alloys, conductive polymers and the like from only copper and nickel metal), low operating environment requirement (the deposition is carried out in aqueous solution, the temperature is generally below 70 ℃), coordinated and controllable organization-morphology-performance (the macro and micro performance of a workpiece can be changed by controlling voltage and electrolyte components), and the like, and can realize 3D printing with conventional scale, higher precision and more patterns. Moreover, the device is provided with the flowing of electrolyte and the automatic PH value compensation function, and can realize continuous and efficient printing processing.
The invention also provides a laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: modeling a part to be processed to obtain a three-dimensional model of the part to be processed;
step 2: importing the three-dimensional model into slicing software, and slicing according to a preset thickness to obtain slicing data;
and step 3: planning a processing track scanned by laser by using the slice data to obtain track control parameters;
and 4, step 4: simulating the 3D printing process according to the track control parameters, and judging whether the simulation process meets the processing requirements or not;
and 5: if the simulation process does not meet the processing requirement, returning to the step 2;
step 6: and if the simulation process meets the processing requirement, controlling the laser to guide the electrochemical deposition 3D printing device to complete part processing by using the track control parameter.
In practical application, the above processing procedure of the present invention specifically comprises:
(1) CAD modeling of parts: modeling a part to be processed on three-dimensional modeling software;
(2) model slicing treatment: importing the built three-dimensional model into slicing software, and slicing according to the thickness as required to obtain slicing data;
(3) generating a processing track: planning a processing track scanned by the laser by using the obtained slice data, and producing a numerical control code or a processing file which can be identified by a 3D printer;
(4)3D printing process simulation: simulating the processing process of the generated numerical control code or processing file by using simulation software, verifying whether the generated numerical control code or processing file meets the design and processing requirements, returning to a model slicing processing link if the generated numerical control code or processing file does not meet the design and processing requirements, and resetting and generating slicing and processing track data again; if the requirements are met, entering the next link, importing the processing file into a 3D printer, and preparing for actual processing;
(5) electrolyte preparation: preparing electrolyte with reasonable components and concentration according to the material requirements of a workpiece, filling the electrolyte into an electrolyte circulating filter water tank, and preparing the electrolyte with the same components and high concentration and placing the electrolyte into an electrolyte concentration compensation water tank;
(6) setting electrodeposition parameters: setting parameters of electrochemical deposition according to processing requirements, wherein the parameters mainly comprise electrolyte flow, electrodeposition current, electrodeposition voltage, electrodeposition frequency, electrodeposition pulse width, electrolyte concentration compensation, upper and lower limits for stopping compensation and the like;
(7) laser head tool setting: adjusting the focal length of the laser to enable the focal point of the laser to fall on the surface of the cathode substrate;
(8) laser parameter setting: setting laser scanning parameters including power, scanning speed and the like according to processing requirements;
(9)3D printing and processing: starting a laser, a 3D printer, an electrodeposition power supply and the like, and performing layer-by-layer printing and processing on the workpiece; after the printing of the workpiece is completed, the surface of the workpiece needs to be passivated and finished, so that the surface quality and precision of the workpiece are ensured.
The laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing apparatus method of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples:
example 1:
the invention takes a cuboid three-dimensional nickel structure with the length of 12mm, the width of 8mm and the height of 1mm as an example shown in figure 4, and the process method of the invention is explained in detail. Referring to fig. 5, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is prepared as follows:
1. CAD modeling of parts: and (4) building a cuboid model by using three-dimensional modeling software, and storing the model in a stl format.
2. And (3) model slicing treatment: and (3) opening the slicing software, importing the model in the stl format, and setting the height of a slicing layer to be 0.02mm and the filling density to be 100% after selecting a placing surface.
3. Generating a processing track: after the slicing parameters are set, a processing track is generated in the 3D printing software, and a processing file is exported.
4.3D printing process simulation: and simulating the machining process of the generated machining file by using simulation software, and importing the machining file into a printer when the simulation process meets the machining requirement.
5. Electrolyte preparation: as the required material is nickel, according to the electrochemical deposition principle, NiSiO4 solution can be prepared as electrolyte, two parts are prepared, NiSiO4 solution with the concentration of 180g/L is prepared as electrolyte, and the electrolyte is placed in an electrolyte filtering circulating water tank; the NiSiO4 solution with the concentration of 300g/L is placed in a concentration compensation box.
6. Setting electrodeposition parameters: setting parameters of electrochemical deposition according to processing requirements, setting the circulation flow of electrolyte at 500L/min, setting the electrodeposition voltage at 0.22V, setting the starting compensation concentration of the electrolyte at 160g/L, and setting the stopping compensation concentration at 190 g/L.
7. Laser head tool setting: and after the cathode base surface is fixed, adjusting the laser focal length to enable the laser focal point to fall on the surface of the cathode substrate.
8. Laser parameter setting: the power of the laser was set to 8W.
And 9.3D printer processing: carrying out laser scanning electrodeposition printing on the track of the running layer of the printer, wherein the running speed of the laser head is set to be 20 mm/s; the controller controls the laser head to repeatedly scan on the plane and guide high-speed electrochemical deposition; after one layer of printing is finished, the laser head can be closed temporarily, and the base platform rises by one layer, so that the layer-by-layer electrochemical deposition printing is realized.
10. And (3) post-treatment of the workpiece: after the printing of the workpiece is finished, the surface of the workpiece is passivated and finely processed, so that the surface quality and precision of the workpiece are ensured.
Example 2:
the invention takes the three-dimensional nickel structure printing of a circular ring pattern with the height of 1mm, the inner diameter of 10mm and the outer diameter of 11mm as an example shown in figure 5 to explain the process method of the invention in detail, and the preparation process of the three-dimensional structure is as follows:
1. CAD modeling of parts: and (4) building a circular ring model by using three-dimensional modeling software, and storing the model in a stl format.
2. Model slicing treatment: and (3) opening the slicing software, importing the model in the stl format, and setting the height of a slicing layer to be 0.02mm and the filling density to be 100% after selecting a placing surface.
3. Generating a processing track: after the slicing parameters are set, a processing track is generated in the 3D printing software, and a processing file is exported.
4.3D printing process simulation: and simulating the machining process of the generated machining file by using simulation software, and importing the machining file into a printer when the simulation process meets the machining requirement.
5. Electrolyte preparation: as the required material is nickel, according to the electrochemical deposition principle, NiSiO4 solution can be prepared as electrolyte, two parts are prepared, NiSiO4 solution with the concentration of 180g/L is prepared as electrolyte, and the electrolyte is placed in an electrolyte filtering circulating water tank; NiSiO4 solution with the concentration of 300g/L is placed in a concentration compensation box.
6. Setting electrodeposition parameters: setting parameters of electrochemical deposition according to processing requirements, setting the circulation flow of electrolyte at 500L/min, setting the electrodeposition voltage at 0.22V, setting the starting compensation concentration of the electrolyte at 160g/L, and setting the stopping compensation concentration at 190 g/L.
7. Laser head tool setting: and after the cathode base surface is fixed, adjusting the laser focal length to enable the laser focal point to fall on the surface of the cathode substrate.
8. Laser parameter setting: the power of the laser was set to 8W.
And 9.3D printer processing: carrying out laser scanning electrodeposition printing on the track of the running layer of the printer, wherein the running speed of the laser head is set to be 20 mm/s; the controller controls the laser head to repeatedly scan on the plane and guide high-speed electrochemical deposition; after one layer of printing is finished, the laser head can be closed temporarily, and the base platform rises by one layer, so that the layer-by-layer electrochemical deposition printing is realized.
10. And (3) post-treatment of the workpiece: after the printing of the workpiece is finished, the surface of the workpiece is passivated and finely processed, so that the surface quality and precision of the workpiece are ensured.
Example 3:
the present invention will be described in detail by taking the three-dimensional copper structure printing of a hemisphere with a radius of 10mm as an example, as shown in fig. 7. Referring to fig. 8, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is prepared as follows:
1. CAD modeling of parts: and (4) building a hemispherical model by using three-dimensional modeling software, and storing the model in a stl format.
2. And (3) model slicing treatment: and (3) opening the slicing software, importing the model in the stl format, and setting the height of a slicing layer to be 0.02mm and the filling density to be 100% after selecting a placing surface.
3. Generating a processing track: after the slicing parameters are set, a processing track is generated in the 3D printing software, and a processing file is exported.
4.3D printing process simulation: and simulating the machining process of the generated machining file by using simulation software, and importing the machining file into a printer when the simulation process meets the machining requirement.
5. Electrolyte preparation: as the required material is nickel, the CuSiO4 solution can be prepared according to the electrochemical deposition principle
Preparing two parts of electrolyte, wherein CuSiO4 solution with the concentration of 160g/L is used as the electrolyte and is placed in an electrolyte filtering circulating water tank; the CuSiO4 solution with the concentration of 240g/L is placed in a concentration compensation box.
6. Setting electrodeposition parameters: setting parameters of electrochemical deposition according to processing requirements, setting the circulation flow of electrolyte to be 500L/min, setting the electrodeposition voltage to be 0.32V, setting the concentration of the electrolyte to be 140g/L for starting compensation, and setting the concentration of the electrolyte to be 170g/L for stopping compensation.
7. Laser head tool setting: and after the cathode base surface is fixed, adjusting the laser focal length to enable the laser focal point to fall on the surface of the cathode substrate.
8. Laser parameter setting: the power of the laser was set to 10W.
And 9.3D printer processing: carrying out laser scanning electrodeposition printing on the track of the running layer of the printer, wherein the running speed of the laser head is set to be 25 mm/s; the controller controls the laser head to repeatedly scan on the plane and guide high-speed electrochemical deposition; after one layer of printing is finished, the laser head can be closed temporarily, and the base platform rises by one layer, so that the layer-by-layer electrochemical deposition printing is realized.
10. And (3) post-treatment of the workpiece: after the printing of the workpiece is finished, the surface of the workpiece is passivated and finely processed, so that the surface quality and precision of the workpiece are ensured.
Example 4:
the invention takes the three-dimensional copper structure printing with the thickness of 1mm and the thickness of the bottom of a copper hollow sealed cavity consisting of a cylinder and a sphere with the outer diameter of 10mm and the height of 8mm as shown in figure 9 as an example, and elaborates the process method of the invention in detail. Referring to fig. 10, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is prepared as follows:
1. CAD modeling of parts: and (4) building a hemispherical model by using three-dimensional modeling software, and storing the model in a stl format.
2. And (3) model slicing treatment: and (3) opening the slicing software, importing the model in the stl format, and setting the height of a slicing layer to be 0.02mm and the filling density to be 100% after selecting a placing surface.
3. Generating a processing track: after the slicing parameters are set, a processing track is generated in the 3D printing software, and a processing file is exported.
4.3D printing process simulation: and simulating the machining process of the generated machining file by using simulation software, and importing the machining file into a printer when the simulation process meets the machining requirement.
5. Electrolyte preparation: because the required material is nickel, according to the electrochemical deposition principle, CuSiO4 solution can be prepared as electrolyte, two parts are prepared, CuSiO4 solution with the concentration of 160g/L is prepared as electrolyte, and the electrolyte is placed in an electrolyte filtering circulating water tank; the CuSiO4 solution with the concentration of 240g/L is placed in a concentration compensation box.
6. Setting electrodeposition parameters: setting parameters of electrochemical deposition according to processing requirements, setting the circulation flow of electrolyte to be 500L/min, setting the electrodeposition voltage to be 0.32V, setting the concentration of the electrolyte to be 140g/L at the beginning of compensation, and setting the concentration of the electrolyte to be 170g/L at the end of compensation.
7. Laser head tool setting: and after the cathode base surface is fixed, adjusting the laser focal length to enable the laser focal point to fall on the surface of the cathode substrate.
8. Laser parameter setting: the power of the laser was set to 10W.
9.3D printer processing: carrying out laser scanning electrodeposition printing on the track of the running layer of the printer, wherein the running speed of the laser head is set to be 25 mm/s; the controller controls the laser head to repeatedly scan on the plane and guide high-speed electrochemical deposition; after one layer of printing is finished, the laser head can be closed temporarily, and the base platform rises by one layer, so that the layer-by-layer electrochemical deposition printing is realized.
10. And (3) post-treatment of the workpiece: after the printing of the workpiece is finished, the surface of the workpiece is passivated and finely processed, so that the surface quality and precision of the workpiece are ensured.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
firstly, the workpiece printing mode is adopted, the processing area is positioned in the electrolyte, inert gas is not needed to be introduced for protection, and the equipment and the process are simpler;
the printing is realized mainly in an electrodeposition mode, the heat input is low, the heat influence is small, so that the internal stress of a workpiece is low, and the workpiece is not easy to deform and crack;
the 3D printing scheme adopted by the invention is based on the reduction reaction of the electrolyte, and a powder paving link is not needed in the printing process, so that the processing efficiency is greatly improved;
the printing single layer of the scheme adopted by the invention has smaller thickness and higher processing precision, and is more suitable for processing small-scale complex parts;
the internal structure of the workpiece printed in the electrodeposition mode is denser, and the workpiece has better mechanical property;
the electrochemical deposition mode adopted by the invention has more excellent microstructure regulation and control performance, and the grain structures with different sizes and orientations can be obtained by regulating and controlling process parameters, so that the mechanical performance of the grain structures is controlled;
the printing is carried out by inverting the workpiece adopted by the invention, and the manufacturing of the closed hollow part can be realized.
In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device, comprising:
the X/Y direction moving platform is connected with the laser emitting device and is used for driving the laser emitting device to move in the X/Y direction;
the Z-direction movement device is connected with the cathode substrate and is used for controlling the cathode substrate to lift;
an electrolytic bath disposed between the laser emitting device and the cathode substrate;
and the anode substrate is arranged inside the electrolytic cell.
2. The laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic bath comprises:
the bottom of the electrolytic cell box body is made of optical high-transmittance glass;
the electrolytic cell end cover, be equipped with the window on the electrolytic cell end cover, the size of window with the size of negative pole base plate is unanimous, the electrolytic cell end cover with the electrolytic cell box body is connected.
3. The laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrolytic tank is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are connected with an electrolyte circulation water tank through an electrolyte circulation pipeline.
4. A laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device according to claim 3, wherein the electrolyte circulation tank comprises:
the electrolyte circulating filter water tank is communicated with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the electrolytic bath;
the baume degree and PH value measuring instrument is arranged inside the electrolyte circulating filter water tank and is used for detecting the baume degree and the PH value of the electrolyte;
and the electrolyte concentration compensation water tank is communicated with the electrolyte circulating filter water tank and is used for compensating the concentration of the electrolyte according to the baume degree and the pH value of the electrolyte.
5. The laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein the laser emitting device comprises:
the laser head is connected with the X/Y direction motion platform;
and the laser is connected with the laser head through a laser optical fiber.
6. The laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device of claim 1, further comprising:
the cathode substrate horizontal adjustment silica gel column is connected with the Z-direction movement device;
and the cathode substrate clamp is respectively connected with the cathode substrate horizontal adjustment silica gel column and the cathode substrate.
7. The laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device of claim 2, further comprising:
the electrolytic bath is horizontally adjusted to a silica gel column, and the pad is attached under the electrolytic bath box body.
8. The laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing device of claim 1, further comprising:
and the cathode of the electrochemical machining power supply is connected with the cathode substrate, and the anode of the electrochemical machining power supply is connected with the anode substrate.
9. A laser-guided electrochemical deposition 3D printing method, comprising:
step 1: modeling a part to be processed to obtain a three-dimensional model of the part to be processed;
and 2, step: importing the three-dimensional model into slicing software, and slicing according to a preset thickness to obtain slicing data;
and step 3: planning a processing track scanned by the laser by using the slice data to obtain a track control parameter;
and 4, step 4: simulating the 3D printing process according to the track control parameters, and judging whether the simulation process meets the processing requirements or not;
and 5: if the simulation process does not meet the processing requirement, returning to the step 2;
step 6: and if the simulation process meets the processing requirement, controlling the laser to guide the electrochemical deposition 3D printing device to complete part processing by using the track control parameter.
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Inventor after: Zhao Hang Inventor after: Hu Chengfu Inventor after: Xu Bin Inventor after: Wu Xiaoyu Inventor after: Guo Cheng Inventor before: Zhao Hang Inventor before: Hu Chengfu Inventor before: Xu Bin Inventor before: Wu Xiaoyu Inventor before: Guo Cheng |