CN114986916A - Electromagnetic parameter regulation and control method applied to 3D printing wire - Google Patents
Electromagnetic parameter regulation and control method applied to 3D printing wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN114986916A CN114986916A CN202210752334.9A CN202210752334A CN114986916A CN 114986916 A CN114986916 A CN 114986916A CN 202210752334 A CN202210752334 A CN 202210752334A CN 114986916 A CN114986916 A CN 114986916A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic parameter regulation and control method applied to 3D printing wires, and belongs to the field of wave-absorbing material design. According to the invention, the volume fraction of an absorbent in the composite wave-absorbing wire material is combined with a Maxwell-Garnett mixing formula to reversely solve intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of the carbon nano tube; the electromagnetic parameters and the wave-absorbing performance of the composite wire can be calculated through simulation before the wire is prepared, and the complexity of extracting the electromagnetic parameters of the composite wire is simplified. On the basis, the electromagnetic parameters and the wave-absorbing performance are adjusted by changing the filling degree of the absorbent, so that the electromagnetic parameters of the PEEK-based composite wire material can be adjusted. Has the advantages of short time consumption, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wave-absorbing material design, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic parameter regulation and control method applied to 3D printing wires.
Background
As the electromagnetic radiation causes greater and greater harm to human bodies and the environment, the problem of inhibiting electromagnetic radiation needs to be solved urgently. In recent years, 3D printing technology is more mature, the 3D printing technology is applied to electromagnetic radiation inhibition, the integrated design of high design, high electromagnetic performance and high bearing of the composite wave-absorbing material can be realized, the regulation and the optimization of the electromagnetic performance are realized, and the requirement of electromagnetic radiation inhibition of structural members is met.
The PEEK (polyether-ether-ketone) plastic raw material is an aromatic crystal type thermoplastic polymer material, and has the characteristics of high mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, impact resistance, flame retardance, acid and alkali resistance, hydrolysis resistance, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, irradiation resistance and the like, and good electrical property. After the composite wire material is compounded with the carbon nano tube, the prepared composite wire material is suitable for 3D printing, and the formed part also meets the requirement of an electromagnetic radiation inhibition structural member. Due to different application scenes, the requirements on the electromagnetic parameters of the formed part are different, and therefore the electromagnetic parameters of the composite wire material need to be known before 3D printing. In order to determine the electromagnetic parameters of the PEEK-based composite wire, the traditional method is experimental measurement, namely, a corresponding wire is prepared before 3D printing, a standard test piece is printed, and then the electromagnetic parameters of the standard test piece are measured; if the electromagnetic parameters do not meet the use requirements, preparing corresponding wires by changing the mass ratio of the absorbent in the composite wires, printing the wires into a standard test piece, measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the standard test piece, and continuously repeating the process until the test piece meeting the electromagnetic parameters of the use requirements is obtained, so as to realize the analysis of the electromagnetic parameters of the composite wires. The experiment wastes time and labor, and a large amount of raw materials are wasted in the process of continuously adjusting the mass ratio of the absorbent, so that the cost is high, the environmental pollution is serious and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electromagnetic parameter regulation and control method applied to 3D printing wires, and aims to solve the problems that the traditional 3D printing PEEK-based composite wire is long in manufacturing time, raw material waste is serious, the cost is high, the environmental pollution is serious and the like in the manufacturing process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an electromagnetic parameter regulation and control method applied to 3D printing wires comprises the following steps:
step S1, calculation of intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of carbon nanotubes
S1.1, preparing PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wires in any proportion and wires only containing PEEK, and respectively printing the PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wires and the wires into standard test pieces through a 3D printer, wherein the standard test pieces are respectively named as a first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece and a standard test piece only containing PEEK;
s1.2, respectively testing the electromagnetic parameters of the first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece and the PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece, and the density of PEEK resin powder and carbon nanotube powder;
s1.3, calculating the mass ratio of the PEEK resin powder to the carbon nanotube powder in the first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece according to the densities of the PEEK resin powder and the carbon nanotube powder obtained in the step S1.2, converting the mass ratio into a volume ratio, and calculating the volume ratio f of the absorbent carbon nanotube in the first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece;
s1.4, based on the first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece obtained in the step S1.2, the electromagnetic parameters only containing the PEEK standard test piece and the volume ratio f obtained in the step S1.3, reversely solving the intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of the carbon nanotube by using a Maxwell-Gantt mixing formula;
step S2, verification of intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of carbon nano tube
S2.1, improving or reducing the mass ratio of the carbon nano tubes in the first PEEK/carbon nano tube standard test piece, improving and recording as a second ratio, reducing and recording as a third ratio, and respectively calculating the volume ratio of the carbon nano tubes in the second ratio and the third ratio; calculating a second proportion electromagnetic parameter by using a Maxwell-Gantt mixing formula based on the volume ratio of the second proportion, the intrinsic electromagnetic parameter of the carbon nano tube reversely solved in the step S1.4 and the electromagnetic parameter of the PEEK standard test piece only tested in the step S1.2; calculating a third proportion electromagnetic parameter by using a Maxwell-Gantt mixing formula based on the volume ratio of the third proportion, the intrinsic electromagnetic parameter of the carbon nano tube reversely solved in the step S1.4 and the electromagnetic parameter of the PEEK standard test piece only tested in the step S1.2;
s2.2, preparing PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wave-absorbing wire materials in a second proportion and a third proportion, respectively printing the PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wave-absorbing wire materials into standard test pieces through a 3D printer, and respectively testing electromagnetic parameters of the test pieces;
and S2.3, respectively carrying out flat plate reflectivity simulation calculation and comparison on the electromagnetic parameters solved in the step S2.1 and the electromagnetic parameters tested in the step S2.2, wherein the obtained calculation results show that the errors of the electromagnetic parameters solved in the second proportion and the third proportion and the electromagnetic parameters obtained in the test are within the engineering requirement range.
Further, the method is used for calculating the electromagnetic parameters of the PEEK/carbon nano tube in any proportion, and specifically comprises the following steps: changing the proportion of the carbon nano tubes according to the application requirement to change the electromagnetic parameters of the PEEK-based composite wire; and compiling optimization design software by combining computer-aided software, and calculating to obtain the PEEK/carbon nanotube electromagnetic parameters under the proportion, thereby realizing the adjustable design of the electromagnetic parameters of the 3D printing PEEK-based composite wire material.
Further, S1.1 adopts a single-screw extruder melt blending method, 3D printing wires with the wire diameter of 1.75 +/-0.05 mm are extruded, and then a printing test standard part is obtained through a 3D printer.
Further, the calculation process of the electromagnetic parameters in step S1.4 is as follows:
according to the formula of maxwell garnett when the absorbent is needle-shaped:
wherein e eff Refers to the electromagnetic parameter of the first PEEK/carbon nano tube standard test piece, belonging to e Refers to the electromagnetic parameter only containing PEEK standard test piece, f refers to the volume fraction occupied by the carbon nano tube, epsilon i Refers to the electromagnetic parameters of the carbon nano tube; and (3) replacing all the epsilon in the formula with u, namely calculating the magnetic conductivity of the carbon nano tube, thereby obtaining the intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of the carbon nano tube.
According to the electromagnetic parameter regulation and control method applied to the 3D printing wire, the volume fraction of the absorbent in the composite wave-absorbing wire is combined with a Maxwellian mixed formula, so that the electromagnetic parameters and the wave-absorbing performance of the composite wave-absorbing wire can be calculated through simulation before the wire is prepared, and the complexity of extracting the electromagnetic parameters of the composite wire is simplified. On the basis, the electromagnetic parameters and the wave-absorbing performance are adjusted by changing the filling degree of the absorbent, so that the electromagnetic parameters of the PEEK-based composite wire material can be adjusted and controlled. Has the advantages of short time consumption, low cost and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart diagram of an embodiment;
FIG. 2 shows the electromagnetic parameters of test scale 1 and pure PEEK;
FIG. 3 is a chart illustrating the calculation of electromagnetic parameters of carbon nanotubes;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of calculated and measured electromagnetic parameters for a second ratio and a third ratio, wherein (a) the calculated magnetic parameter for the second ratio is compared to the measured electrical parameter, and (b) the calculated magnetic parameter for the third ratio is compared to the measured electrical parameter;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of electromagnetic parameter reflectivity calculated and tested using a second ratio and a third ratio;
FIG. 6 is a calculation interface of electromagnetic parameters of PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wire.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for regulating and controlling electromagnetic parameters applied to 3D printing wires provided by this embodiment includes the following steps:
S1.1, preparing PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wires in any proportion and PEEK-only wires without carbon nanotubes, and respectively printing the PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wires and the PEEK-only wires into standard test pieces through a 3D printer, wherein the standard test pieces are respectively named as a first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece and a PEEK-only standard test piece.
S1.2, respectively testing the electromagnetic parameters of the first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece and the electromagnetic parameters only containing the PEEK standard test piece by using a vector network analyzer. The density of the PEEK resin powder is 1.3g/cm by consulting relevant data and testing 3 And the density of the carbon nanotube powder is 0.1g/cm 3 。
And S1.3, calculating the volume corresponding to each first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece through a volume calculation formula V, wherein m/rho is the volume of the carbon nanotube in the composite material, and obtaining the volume fraction f of the carbon nanotube in the composite material.
S1.4, based on the first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece obtained in the step S1.2, the electromagnetic parameters only containing the PEEK standard test piece and the volume ratio f obtained in the step S1.3, and the intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of the carbon nanotubes are reversely solved by using a Maxwell-Gantt mixing formula.
Calculating the electromagnetic parameters of the carbon nano tube according to a calculation formula when the absorbent is needle-shaped in a Maxwellian Gault formula;
in maxmaxwellian equations, the calculation formula when the absorber is needle-shaped is:
wherein e eff Refers to the electromagnetic parameter of the first PEEK/carbon nano tube standard test piece, belonging to e Refers to the electromagnetic parameter only containing PEEK standard test piece, f refers to the volume fraction occupied by the carbon nano tube, epsilon i And (3) the magnetic conductivity of the carbon nano tube can be calculated by replacing the epsilon in the formula with u, so that the intrinsic electromagnetic parameter of the carbon nano tube is obtained.
Step S2, verification of intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of carbon nano tube
S2.1, improving or reducing the mass ratio of the carbon nano tubes in the first PEEK/carbon nano tube standard test piece, improving and recording as a second ratio, reducing and recording as a third ratio, and respectively calculating the volume ratio of the carbon nano tubes in the second ratio and the third ratio; calculating a second proportion electromagnetic parameter by using a Maxwell-Gantt mixing formula based on the volume ratio of the second proportion, the intrinsic electromagnetic parameter of the carbon nano tube reversely solved in the step S1.4 and the electromagnetic parameter of the PEEK standard test piece only tested in the step S1.2; and calculating the electromagnetic parameters of the third proportion by using a Maxwell-known formula based on the volume ratio of the third proportion, the intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of the carbon nano tube inversely solved in the step S1.4 and the electromagnetic parameters of the PEEK standard test piece only tested in the step S1.2.
S2.2, preparing PEEK/carbon nano tube composite wave-absorbing wire materials in the second proportion and the third proportion, respectively printing the PEEK/carbon nano tube composite wave-absorbing wire materials into standard test pieces through a 3D printer, and respectively testing electromagnetic parameters of the test pieces.
And S2.3, respectively carrying out flat plate reflectivity simulation calculation and comparison on the electromagnetic parameters solved in the step S2.1 and the electromagnetic parameters tested in the step S2.2, wherein the obtained calculation results show that the errors of the electromagnetic parameters solved in the second proportion and the third proportion and the electromagnetic parameters tested are in the engineering requirement range.
In this example, the prepared PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wire has the following formulation ratios:
| name (R) | PEEK | Carbon nanotube |
| First example | 14 portions of | 1 part of |
| Second ratio of | 12 portions of | 1 part of |
| |
16 portions of | 1 part of |
The volume fraction f of the carbon nanotubes in the PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wire prepared according to the three proportions is as follows:
| name (R) | f |
| First example | 48.15％ |
| Second ratio of | 51.99％ |
| Third ratio | 44.83％ |
The tested PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wire printing test piece electromagnetic parameters of the first, second and third proportions refer to fig. 2, and the calculated PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wire printing test piece electromagnetic parameters of the first, second and third proportions refer to fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a comparison of electromagnetic parameters calculated and tested for ratio 2 and ratio 3, and fig. 5 is a comparison of electromagnetic parameter reflectivity calculated and tested using ratio 2 and ratio 3. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the errors of the electromagnetic parameters solved by the second proportion and the third proportion and the electromagnetic parameters obtained by the test are within the engineering requirement range, and the use requirements are met. The method provided by the embodiment has feasibility.
The method can be used for calculating the electromagnetic parameters of the PEEK/carbon nano tube in any proportion, and specifically comprises the following steps:
an optimization design software is compiled by using the electromagnetic parameter calculation method of claim 1 and combining computer-aided software, and on the software, the electromagnetic parameters of the PEEK-based composite wire material are changed by changing the proportion of the carbon nanotubes according to application requirements; the electromagnetic parameters of the carbon nano tube under the proportion can be automatically calculated. As shown in FIG. 6, when in use, the calculation of electromagnetic parameters of PEEK/carbon nanotube in any frequency band and at any filling ratio can be realized by only changing the volume fraction of the carbon nanotube, thereby realizing the regulation and control design of electromagnetic parameters of 3D printing PEEK-based composite wire.
Claims (4)
1. An electromagnetic parameter regulation and control method applied to 3D printing wires is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, calculation of intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of carbon nanotubes
S1.1, preparing PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wires in any proportion and wires only containing PEEK, and respectively printing the PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wires and the wires into standard test pieces through a 3D printer, wherein the standard test pieces are respectively named as a first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece and a standard test piece only containing PEEK;
s1.2, respectively testing the electromagnetic parameters of the first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece and the PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece, and the density of PEEK resin powder and carbon nanotube powder;
s1.3, calculating the mass ratio of the PEEK resin powder to the carbon nanotube powder in the first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece according to the density of the PEEK resin powder and the carbon nanotube powder obtained in the step S1.2, converting the mass ratio into a volume ratio, and calculating the volume ratio f of the absorbent carbon nanotube in the first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece;
s1.4, based on the first PEEK/carbon nanotube standard test piece obtained in the step S1.2, the electromagnetic parameters only containing the PEEK standard test piece and the volume ratio f obtained in the step S1.3, reversely solving the intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of the carbon nanotube by using a Maxwell-Gantt mixing formula;
step S2, verification of intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of carbon nano tube
S2.1, improving or reducing the mass proportion of the carbon nano tubes in the first PEEK/carbon nano tube standard test piece, recording the improved mass proportion as a second proportion, recording the reduced mass proportion as a third proportion, and respectively calculating the volume ratio of the carbon nano tubes in the second proportion and the third proportion; calculating a second proportion electromagnetic parameter by using a Maxwell-Gantt mixing formula based on the volume ratio of the second proportion, the intrinsic electromagnetic parameter of the carbon nano tube reversely solved in the step S1.4 and the electromagnetic parameter of the PEEK standard test piece only tested in the step S1.2; calculating a third proportion electromagnetic parameter by using a Maxwell-Gantt mixing formula based on the volume ratio of the third proportion, the intrinsic electromagnetic parameter of the carbon nano tube reversely solved in the step S1.4 and the electromagnetic parameter of the PEEK-only standard test piece tested in the step S1.2;
s2.2, preparing PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wave-absorbing wire materials in a second proportion and a third proportion, respectively printing the PEEK/carbon nanotube composite wave-absorbing wire materials into standard test pieces through a 3D printer, and respectively testing electromagnetic parameters of the test pieces;
and S2.3, respectively carrying out plate reflectivity simulation calculation and comparison on the electromagnetic parameters solved in the step S2.1 and the electromagnetic parameters tested in the step S2.2, wherein the obtained calculation results show that errors of the electromagnetic parameters solved in the second proportion and the third proportion and the electromagnetic parameters obtained by testing are within the engineering requirement range.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the electromagnetic parameters applied to 3D printing wires according to claim 1, characterized in that: changing the proportion of the carbon nano tubes according to the application requirement to change the electromagnetic parameters of the PEEK-based composite wire; the electromagnetic parameter calculation method of claim 1 is combined with computer-aided software to compile optimization design software, EEK/carbon nanotube electromagnetic parameter electromagnetic parameters under the proportion are obtained through calculation, and the adjustable design of electromagnetic parameters of the PEEK-based composite wire material for 3D printing is achieved.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the electromagnetic parameters applied to 3D printing wires according to claim 1, characterized in that: and S1.1, extruding a 3D printing wire material with the wire diameter of 1.75 +/-0.05 mm by adopting a single-screw extruder melt blending method, and then printing a test standard part through a 3D printer.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the electromagnetic parameters applied to 3D printing wires according to claim 1, characterized in that: the calculation process of the electromagnetic parameters in the step S1.4 is as follows:
according to the formula of maxwell garnett when the absorbent is needle-shaped:
wherein e is eff Refers to the electromagnetic parameter of the first PEEK/carbon nano tube standard test piece, belonging to e Refers to the electromagnetic parameter only containing PEEK standard test piece, f refers to the volume fraction occupied by the carbon nano tube, epsilon i The electromagnetic parameters of the carbon nano tube are obtained; and (3) replacing all the epsilon in the formula with u, namely calculating the magnetic conductivity of the carbon nano tube, thereby obtaining the intrinsic electromagnetic parameters of the carbon nano tube.
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| CN114316509A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 电子科技大学 | PEEK-based composite wave-absorbing 3D printing wire material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114311654A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-04-12 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Metamaterial wave-absorbing structure based on 3D printing process and preparation method and application thereof |
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| US20030042487A1 (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2003-03-06 | Sarychev Andrey K. | Plasmonic nanophotonics methods, materials, and apparatuses |
| US20150212228A1 (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-07-30 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method and Apparatus For Determining Permittivity of Rock Matrix |
| US20200333295A1 (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-10-22 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Enhanced non-destructive testing in directed energy material processing |
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