CN114984744A - Method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by using bulk solid wastes and application thereof - Google Patents

Method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by using bulk solid wastes and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114984744A
CN114984744A CN202111616036.9A CN202111616036A CN114984744A CN 114984744 A CN114984744 A CN 114984744A CN 202111616036 A CN202111616036 A CN 202111616036A CN 114984744 A CN114984744 A CN 114984744A
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carbon dioxide
solid waste
bulk solid
reaction
rapidly fixing
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成铭钊
郦怡
任天斌
朱伟豪
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Jiangsu Jicui Functional Material Research Institute Co ltd
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Jiangsu Jicui Functional Material Research Institute Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
    • B01D53/82—Solid phase processes with stationary reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
    • C04B40/0231—Carbon dioxide hardening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/306—Alkali metal compounds of potassium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/402—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/406—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of strontium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide utilization and waste treatment utilization, in particular to B01D53/62, and more particularly relates to a method for quickly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste and application thereof. The method for rapidly fixing the carbon dioxide by utilizing the bulk solid waste comprises the following steps: the water mixture of the bulk solid waste is placed in a mould for forming, and the formed body reacts with the mixed gas at 0.05-2.3MPa and 10-130 ℃. The method for efficiently fixing the carbon dioxide in the flue gas by utilizing the bulk solid waste fully utilizes the water vapor in the flue gas by regulating and controlling the mineralization temperature and pressure to obtain the optimal environment humidity, thereby accelerating the mineralization reaction, improving the utilization rate of the carbon dioxide in the industrial flue gas and generating the high-strength building material product.

Description

Method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide utilization and waste treatment utilization, in particular to B01D53/62, and more particularly relates to a method for quickly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste and application thereof.
Background
The method has important significance for promoting green sustainable development in China by strengthening high-valued comprehensive utilization of wastes mainly comprising bulk solid wastes. The bulk solid waste (such as steel slag, carbide slag and the like) contains high-content active calcium and magnesium components, the components are fully utilized, carbon dioxide is used for converting the components into mineralized products with stable performance, such as calcium carbonate and the like, the carbon dioxide in the nature and industrial waste gas can be fixed, the purpose of emission reduction is achieved, and meanwhile, the mineralized products can be used for preparing building products. However, the factors affecting the mineralization reaction are more, and the influence of the carbonization environment is larger, the current mineralization reaction is not only complicated in operation process, but also cannot simultaneously guarantee the mineralization reaction rate, the utilization rate of carbon dioxide and the quality of mineralized products, for example, CN201810948855 performs drying treatment on solid waste after humidification, then mineralizes flue gas treated by wastewater, requires a temperature of 450-; CN201810948835 fixes carbon dioxide by industrial waste liquid and solid waste, however, this method focuses on capturing carbon dioxide and does not fully utilize solid waste.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a process and a system for fully and comprehensively utilizing industrial solid wastes and industrial tail gas containing carbon dioxide, effectively controlling the reaction rate and finally obtaining a building product with higher strength.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by using bulk solid waste, comprising: the bulk solid waste water mixture is placed in a mould for forming, and the formed body reacts with the mixed gas under the conditions of 0.05-2.3MPa and 10-130 ℃.
The size and shape of the mold in the present application are not particularly limited and may be routinely selected by those skilled in the art.
In one embodiment, the mold is in the shape of a cuboid or a cube, preferably in the shape of a cube, more preferably 10-30mm, even more preferably 20mm on a side.
In one embodiment, the water mixture of the bulk solid waste has a solids content of 77 to 95 wt%, and 77 wt%, 80 wt%, 85 wt%, 87 wt%, 90 wt%, 91 wt%, 92 wt%, 94 wt%, 95 wt% may be exemplified; preferably 91 wt%.
The source of bulk solid waste in this application is not particularly limited and can be routinely selected by those skilled in the art.
In one embodiment, the mixture includes carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Preferably, the molar ratio of carbon dioxide to water vapor is (0.7-19): 1, preferably (1-2): 1, more preferably 1.6: 1.
Preferably, the total amount of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the mixed gas is 10 to 99 mol%, preferably 13 to 30 mol%, more preferably 22.76 mol%.
The kind of gas other than carbon dioxide and water vapor in the mixed gas of the present application is not particularly limited.
The source of the mixture gas in the present application is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art may make routine selections, such as soot exhaust gas, etc.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the reaction is 10 to 40 ℃, preferably 10 to 30 ℃, more preferably 20 to 30 ℃, and even more preferably 30 ℃ when the pressure of the reaction is 0.05 MPa.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the reaction is 40-70 deg.C, preferably 40-60 deg.C, more preferably 60 deg.C, when the pressure of the reaction is 0.2 MPa.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the reaction is 60 to 90 ℃, preferably 60 to 80 ℃, more preferably 70 to 80 ℃, and even more preferably 80 ℃ when the pressure of the reaction is 0.5 MPa.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the reaction is between 80 and 110 ℃, preferably between 80 and 100 ℃, more preferably 100 ℃ when the pressure of the reaction is 1.2 MPa.
In one embodiment, when the reaction pressure is 2.3MPa, the reaction temperature is 100-130 ℃, preferably 100-120 ℃, more preferably 110-120 ℃, and still more preferably 120 ℃.
When the reaction pressure is 0.05MPa, 0.2MPa, 0.5MPa, 1.2MPa and 2.3MPa respectively, the reaction temperature needs to be controlled within a certain range, and within a proper temperature range, the temperature has favorable influence on the stirring of carbon dioxide in the reaction, so that the carbon dioxide in the mixed gas can enter the blank, the mineralization reaction degree is increased, meanwhile, the reaction environment maintained by the water vapor in the mixed gas is realized, and the migration of water in the blank is avoided.
Different from other reactions, in the application, the carbon dioxide absorption rate and the compressive strength are firstly in direct proportion to the reaction temperature, and after a critical value is reached, the carbon dioxide absorption rate and the compressive strength are inversely proportional to the reaction temperature; in addition, the reaction temperature can influence the ambient humidity, and further influence the mineralization degree, and under the same pressure, the higher the temperature, the greater the difference between the humidity in the environment and the optimal ambient humidity, and further reduce the absorption rate of the sample to carbon dioxide. Therefore, when the reaction temperature is lower than the optimal reaction temperature, the reaction temperature has a large influence on the mineralization reaction, the carbon dioxide absorption rate increases with the increase of the temperature, and when the reaction temperature is higher than the optimal reaction temperature, the mineralization environment humidity is dominant on the mineralization reaction. It can be seen that the optimum reaction temperature is an important turning point affecting the reaction, and the applicant has obtained through a series of analyses the optimum reaction temperature T ═ 1668.21/(7.96681-lg (w × P/133.28947) -228, where the reaction temperature is T, the mole fraction of water vapor in the mixed gas is w, and the reaction pressure is P.
In one embodiment, the reaction time is 1 to 4 hours, preferably 2 hours.
The invention provides an application of the reactant obtained by the method for rapidly fixing the carbon dioxide by utilizing the bulk solid waste in the preparation of building materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the raw material of the method is a mixture of bulk solid waste and water, the solid content is ensured to be 77-95 wt%, the method is favorable for later-stage forming, the appearance quality of a formed body is excellent, no edge defect exists, and no quality defect exists after later-stage reaction.
(2) This application is through reaction temperature's regulation and control for vapor plays positive influence to the reaction in the gas mixture, the mineralization efficiency has been improved, and can go the best environment of control mineralization reaction according to the best reaction temperature who obtains, need not to provide extra vapor, corresponding reaction pressure and reaction temperature in this application under, can ensure that the moisture in the suppression gained body remains in the structure hole, carbon dioxide can exist with the form of carbonate or bicarbonate radical in the body structure, it reacts with the calcium magnesium thing in the body to change, further strengthen the mineralization degree of the solid useless carbon dioxide of large amount.
(3) Carbon dioxide and water vapor account for less in this application gas mixture, need not through carbon capture, can directly utilize, have avoided the influence of other non-reacting gas to reaction mineralization degree or homogeneity at 13-30 mol% carbon dioxide and water vapor volume simultaneously.
(4) The forming die is cubic, the side length is within 10-30mm, and the quality of the obtained finished product in batches is stable.
(5) The application provides that pure large amount of solid waste is used as a raw material, the mixed gas containing carbon dioxide is directly used for mineralization maintenance, and a high-quality building material product is prepared under a certain process, so that the high-efficiency resource utilization of industrial solid waste and urban solid waste is effectively realized, the total carbon emission of the prepared building material product is reduced by more than 50% compared with that of the traditional silicate cement product, and the method also has an important promotion effect on the low-carbon development of the building material industry in China.
(6) The method and the device have the advantages that the direct utilization of low-concentration carbon dioxide mineralization is realized, a carbon capture process is not required to be added, the carbon dioxide fixing cost is greatly saved, the difficulty of industrial popularization is effectively reduced, and an actual and effective carbon emission reduction path is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the absorption rate of carbon dioxide and the compressive strength of examples.
Detailed Description
The present invention is illustrated by the following specific embodiments, but is not limited to the specific examples given below.
Examples
In the examples, calcium silicate in bulk solid waste is amorphous and has the same chemical composition, specifically 55.3 wt% CaO and 29.4 wt% SiO 2 ，4.8wt％Al 2 O 3 ，2.5wt％MgO，2.6wt％P 2 O 5 ，2.0wt％K 2 O，1.5wt％SO 3 ，0.8wt％Fe 2 O 3 ，0.4wt％TiO 2 ，0.3wt％Na 2 O，0.2wt％SrO，0.2wt％MnO。
The water mixture of the bulk solid waste is obtained by adding water into the bulk solid waste and standing for 24 hours.
Example 1
A method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste specifically comprises the following steps: and (2) placing the bulk solid waste water mixture into a cubic die with the side length of 20mm for molding, and reacting the molded body with mixed gas at 10 ℃ for 2h under 0.05MPa, wherein the solid content in the bulk solid waste water mixture is 91 wt%, and the molding pressure is 40 MPa.
The mixed gas is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and oxygen with the molar ratio of 1.6:8.3:1: 0.4.
Example 2
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃ under the pressure of 0.05 MPa.
Example 3
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing the bulk solid waste is the same as that in example 1, except that the reaction is carried out at 30 ℃ for 2h under 0.05 MPa.
Example 4
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 40 ℃ under 0.05 MPa.
Example 5
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 40 ℃ under 0.2 MPa.
Example 6
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 50 ℃ under 0.2 MPa.
Example 7
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 60 ℃ under 0.2 MPa.
Example 8
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as the embodiment 8, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ under the pressure of 0.2 MPa.
Example 9
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 60 ℃ under 0.5 MPa.
Example 10
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 70 ℃ under the pressure of 0.5 MPa.
Example 11
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ under the pressure of 0.5 MPa.
Example 12
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 90 ℃ under 0.5 MPa.
Example 13
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing the bulk solid waste is the same as that in example 1, except that the reaction is carried out at 1.2MPa and the temperature of 80 ℃ for 2 hours.
Example 14
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out at 1.2MPa and 90 ℃ for 2 hours.
Example 15
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out at 1.2MPa and 100 ℃ for 2 hours.
Example 16
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out at 1.2MPa and 110 ℃ for 2 hours.
Example 17
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out at 2.3MPa and 100 ℃ for 2 hours.
Example 18
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at the temperature of 110 ℃ under the pressure of 2.3 MPa.
Example 19
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 120 ℃ under 2.3 MPa.
Example 20
The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is the same as example 1, except that the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 130 ℃ under the pressure of 2.3 MPa.
Performance evaluation
1. Absorption rate of carbon dioxide: in the processes of examples 1-20, the percentage of the mass of carbon dioxide absorbed by the bulk solid waste to the mass of the mineralized product was calculated. Wherein the content of the carbon dioxide absorbed by the bulk solid waste is obtained by testing a TG/DTG curve of the mineralized product, and the content of the carbon dioxide absorbed by the bulk solid waste is 550-850 ℃ weight reduction; the mass of the mineralized product is the mass of the mineralized product at 105 ℃.
2. Compressive strength: examples 1-20 mineralized products were tested for compressive strength according to GBT4111-2013 "test methods for concrete blocks and bricks".
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003436420740000061
Figure BDA0003436420740000071
A graph comparing carbon dioxide absorption rate and compressive strength is shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from the table above and fig. 1, at the same reaction pressure, the carbon dioxide absorption rate (or the compressive strength of the finished product) increases first and then decreases as the reaction temperature increases. By analysis, the optimum reaction temperature was calculated as follows: and T ═ 1668.21/(7.96681-lg (w × P/133.28947) ] -228, wherein the reaction temperature is T, the mole fraction of water vapor in the gas mixture is w, and the reaction pressure is P.

Claims (10)

1. A method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by utilizing bulk solid waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the bulk solid waste water mixture is placed in a mould for forming, and the formed body reacts with the mixed gas under the conditions of 0.05-2.3MPa and 10-130 ℃.
2. The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide using bulk solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the water mixture of the bulk solid waste has a solid content of 77-95 wt%.
3. The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide using bulk solid waste according to claim 2, wherein the mixed gas comprises carbon dioxide and water vapor.
4. The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide using bulk solid waste according to claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of carbon dioxide to water vapor is (0.7-19): 1.
5. the method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide using bulk solid waste according to claim 4, wherein the total amount of carbon dioxide and steam in the mixed gas is 10 to 99 mol%.
6. The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by using the bulk solid waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the temperature T of the reaction during the reaction satisfies the condition of T ═ 1668.21/(7.96681-lg (w × P/133.28947) ] -228, wherein the mole fraction of water vapor in the mixed gas is w, and the reaction pressure is P.
7. The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide using bulk solid waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the temperature of the reaction is 10 to 40 ℃, preferably 10 to 30 ℃ when the pressure of the reaction is 0.05 MPa.
8. The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide using bulk solid waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the reaction temperature is 40 to 70 ℃, preferably 40 to 60 ℃ when the reaction pressure is 0.2 MPa.
9. The method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide using bulk solid waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the temperature of the reaction is 60 to 90 ℃, preferably 60 to 80 ℃ when the pressure of the reaction is 0.5 MPa.
10. Use of a reactant obtained by the method for the rapid fixation of carbon dioxide from a bulk solid waste according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the preparation of building materials.
CN202111616036.9A 2021-12-27 2021-12-27 Method for rapidly fixing carbon dioxide by using bulk solid wastes and application thereof Pending CN114984744A (en)

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