CN114981857A - Rat biological model for medical craniotomy training - Google Patents

Rat biological model for medical craniotomy training Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114981857A
CN114981857A CN202080094117.4A CN202080094117A CN114981857A CN 114981857 A CN114981857 A CN 114981857A CN 202080094117 A CN202080094117 A CN 202080094117A CN 114981857 A CN114981857 A CN 114981857A
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rat
biological model
head
skull
training
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CN202080094117.4A
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K·S·M·达席尔瓦
V·C·L·马奎斯
C·A·穆勒
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Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz
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Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30—Anatomical models
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30—Anatomical models
    • G09B23/34—Anatomical models with removable parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/36—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for zoology

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Abstract

The invention relates to a laboratory rat surrogate model for craniotomy training. In this case, the invention provides a rat biological model for training of medical craniotomy techniques comprising a body (2) and a head (1) similar to a rat having four legs (21), a tail (22), wherein the body (2) and the head (1) can be fitted together (3), and wherein the head (1) comprises a stiff skull.

Description

Rat biological model for medical craniotomy training
Technical Field
The invention relates to an animal simulation model. More particularly, the present invention relates to an animal-simulated biological model for the craniotomy capability of rats.
Background
The use of different animal species in research has been a practice adopted by the scientific community for centuries. However, experimental animal science has not become a professional field until the 50 s of the 20 th century. In this sense, scientific research has used rodents as models because their physiological and genetic characteristics are similar to those of humans.
Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are widely used in animal research, inter alia, for their adaptability and viability in various climates. Such animals are also easy to manage and have a strong reproductive capacity, which is of great interest to the scientific community.
Thus, the rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an experimental animal widely used in research and practice classes for biomedical curriculum, especially in experimental research for neuroscience, and training for external science and technology such as craniotomy.
Craniotomies are performed in restorative neurosurgery and experimental studies of neurological diseases, injuries, tumors, aneurysms, fractures. In the operation of rats as guinea pigs, if the operator is inexperienced, there is a great risk of injury to the animal's brain, irreversible damage to the animal and even death.
For this reason, training this technique with artificial models that simulate the appearance of animals is an encouraged means to at least reduce the pain these animals experience during the course of the experiment.
This training has become a reality of animal oral dosing and intravenous blood collection practices. In these cases, artificial replicas (biological models) of the animals are created, enabling the technician to practice the techniques on the models, and then on the real animals. However, alternative models for craniotomy training in rats are not well known.
For example, Bioseblab markets a product called "RAT training simulator- -BIO-RAT" on its website (https:// www.bioseblab.com/en/experimental-models/583-RAT-training-simulator. html), which is basically a model for learning the necessary operating skills and procedural capabilities without using live animals.
The model sold includes skin with the texture of a real animal, a rotating head, a flexible body for manipulation, a visible blood vessel from the tail of the animal, a removable tail, and a blood reservoir. Thus, the model can be satisfactorily used to practice rat vein mass collection techniques.
The company Erler-Zimmer sells the Mimolett Lab Rat product on its website (https:// www.erler-Zimmer. de/shop/en/veteriary/miscella neous/10440/mimol ete-Lab-Rat), which is a mannequin with features aimed at terminating the practice of tracheal intubation, cardiac puncture and saphenous vein blood sampling training using live mice.
Braintree, on the other hand, provides on its website (https:// www.braintreesci.com/propinfo. asp.
The title is three-dimensional printing: review of applications in medicine and liver surgery paper (yao et al, 2016) describes the use of 3D printing (three-dimensional printing-3 DP) methods in the medical field, for example as an educational tool, training tool or preoperative planning tool. This paper shows an example of applying 3DP to make models of anatomical structures, organs or tissues for pedagogical purposes, which are used to realistically present them.
The paper also highlights the study performed by Costello et al in the teaching of 29 medical students, using 3DP to print high fidelity heart models. Costello et al found that by applying these models, students made significant progress in knowledge acquisition and structural conceptualization. According to the paper, this innovative simulation-based education method can create new opportunities to arouse students' interest in different areas.
Thus, the study, while not specifically directed to a rat model for training surgical intervention practices, clearly demonstrates the scientific importance of such practices.
On the other hand, a paper titled "profile analysis of 3D printed tensile samples of novel ABS based materials" (Perez, a.r.t.; Roberson, d.a.; Wicker, r.b., 2014) explored the effect of adding reinforcing materials on the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) in an attempt to produce a material with improved physical properties for 3 DP. According to this paper, the two most commonly used materials for 3DP material extrusion are Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) because of their dimensional stability and very low glass transition temperature.
From the above, it is clear that it has been widely accepted in the current state of the art that it should be agreed to use a biological model for training procedures typically performed on live guinea pigs.
In particular with respect to the use of rats as guinea pigs (which is the focus of the invention described herein), it is generally accepted that some of the pain and injury inflicted on them by mishandling by inexperienced technicians should be avoided, leaving these animals at least some of the pain they suffer from in various experiments.
However, at present, rat biological models (artificial rats) are made of silicone with realistic skin, trachea, stomach and throat. Thus, current models are only efficient for practical procedures such as oral administration to animals with a pipette, intravenous injection into the tail, and insertion of a feeding tube into the throat.
Thus, while the prior art includes rat biological models aimed at training medical and surgical techniques, no rat biological model has been found that achieves the specific objects of the present invention, i.e., a rat biological model that supports training of medical craniotomy techniques.
As will be described in further detail below, the present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned prior art problems in a practical and efficient manner.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rat biological model for training medical craniotomy technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a rat model for training of craniotomy techniques. The rat model comprises a body with four legs and a tail, and a head similar to a rat body and head, wherein the body and the head are interconnectable, and the head comprises a rigid skull.
Drawings
The detailed description given hereinafter makes reference to the accompanying drawings and their respective reference numerals.
FIG. 1 shows a rat biological model of the invention with the head and body highlighted;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a rat biological model of the present invention with the head embedded in the body;
FIG. 3 shows a rear view of the head of a rat biological model of the invention;
figure 4 shows a top view of the head of a rat biological model of the invention.
Detailed Description
It is emphasized at first that the following description will start with a preferred embodiment of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, however, that the present invention is not limited to this particular implementation.
As described above, the rat model of the present invention was developed to replace rats in craniotomy training to improve the researchers' skills and thereby reduce the number of rats used for studies requiring brain access.
Fig. 1 shows a rat biological model of the invention, in which the head 1 and the body 2 are highlighted. The assembly 3 of the head 1 with the body 2 can be better seen in fig. 2.
More broadly, the present invention provides a rat model for training a medical craniotomy technique, the rat model comprising a body 2 having four legs 21 and a tail 22, and a head 1, the body 2 and the head 1 being similar to the body and the head of a rat. The essential element of the invention that makes the biological model unique and suitable for training craniotomy techniques is that the body 2 and the head 1 are assemblable 3, wherein the head 1 comprises a rigid skull.
Preferably, the body 2 of the biological model is made of a relatively flexible material, for example silicone, wherein the outside of the body 2 has a texture similar to the texture of a real rat body 2.
Alternatively, the body 2 of the biological model may be provided with elements (e.g. pharynx, larynx, trachea, stomach and tail veins 22) that are anatomically similar to real rats and which allow to simulate various procedures, such as oral administration of the drug to the animal with a pipette, intravenous injection into the tail 22, and insertion of a feeding tube into the throat. Thus, the biological model can be used for both craniotomy and training of other techniques of interest.
Fig. 3 and 4 show a back view and a top view of the head 1 of the rat biological model of the invention. In these figures it can be seen that the hard skull is filled with a gel-like substance 10 (preferably red), the substance 10 having a texture similar to that of an animal's brain. Thus, with this alternative configuration, the training experience becomes more realistic.
Preferably, the biological model is manufactured by means of 3D printing techniques, which have proven to be very accurate and realistic for reproducing various objects. For modeling the 3D printing, the software Blender (free software) may be used, wherein the model may be based on the skull structure of the adult male rat that was made.
In this alternative configuration, the average measured dimensions of the cranium are 4.5 cm overall length, 3.0 cm mandibular length, 1.2 cm width and 2 mm thickness. However, these measurements may vary and therefore do not represent a limitation on the scope of the invention.
Alternatively, the rigid skull is made using opalescent ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) monofilament. The selection of such filaments in a particular prototype is based on proximity to the electrical resistance of the bone material. Also, this feature is merely optional and other materials may be used.
To allow the user to visually observe the proximity to the brain during the cut, the 3D skull frame may be constructed with a thickness similar to that of an adult rat skull. Such a thickness may be, for example, 0.5 mm.
In addition, the skull may be filled with a gel-like material 10(PVA matrix, sodium borate and food color) that mimics the brain. In this configuration, if the user uses techniques in their training that exceed the expected limits, the skull filler material will leak to indicate to the user that he may have pierced the animal's skull.
To provide better results and make the model more realistic, the eye can optionally be modeled using the same gel-like material that fills the skull (brain) of the model, and can be painted red.
Furthermore, the biological model may comprise tentacles, for example made of white sewing thread, glued to the nose of the model with white glue. Obviously, the tentacles may be made in different ways and this does not represent a limitation of the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that the head 1 is made separately, allowing it to be fitted 3 and removed, which facilitates the exchange of the head 1 used during the operation, thus making the body 2 reusable. In this way, after training and using the model skull, the body 2 can be reused numerous times, with only the head 1 replaced. Thus, the present invention is highly advantageous because it reduces the waste of material and money that represents the replacement of the entire model.
It should be noted that the form of the fitting 3 between the body 2 and the head 1 may vary, and that any form of fitting 3 may be used. Some locking elements, such as screws, magnets, etc., may also be employed between these elements. Therefore, the choice of assembly form 3 does not represent a limitation on the scope of the invention.
Optionally, a configuration is also provided wherein the interior of the skull comprises a formable hydrophobic translucent silicone membrane. This membrane helps to mimic the dura mater, which is the outermost of the three meninges that surround the real brain.
Optionally, a configuration is also provided in which strain gauge type sensors are connected to software for the user to monitor the skull profile depth and the stress applied to the simulator during training. In such a configuration, the user would be informed in real time whether he is performing the practiced technique in the correct manner, or whether any type of adaptation (force/pressure or depth) should be made.
Thus, based on the description in this report, the rat model of the present invention achieves its proposed goal in an efficient way, i.e. to provide a surrogate model for animals trained in the experimental phase of a neuroscience program requiring craniotomy procedures.
The biological model may be used to train researchers and researchers learning craniotomies, and as an alternative to using animals in the training of the procedure.
Alternatively, the biological model may be sold in a kit comprising five heads 1 (or a required number of heads) and a body 2 made of ABS material by 3D printing. Furthermore, the head 1 may be sold separately, thereby reducing the cost of purchasing these training tools.
Many variations that affect the scope of the present application are permissible. It is therefore emphasized that the present invention is not limited to the specific configurations/embodiments described above.

Claims (7)

1. A rat model for training a medical craniotomy technique, comprising a body (2) with four legs (21) and a tail (22) and a head (1), the body (2) and the head (1) being similar to the body and the head of a rat,it is characterized in thatWhat is, what isThe body (2) and the head (1) are attachable (3), wherein the head (1) comprises a stiff skull.
2. The rat biological model according to claim 1,it is characterized in thatThe rigid skull is filled with a red gel-like material (10).
3. The rat biological model according to claim 1 or 2,it is characterized in thatThe biological model is manufactured by 3D printing technology.
4. The rat biological model according to any one of claims 1 to 3,it is characterized in thatThe rigid skull is made using opalescent ABS monofilaments.
5. The rat biological model according to any one of claims 1 to 4,it is characterized in thatThe body (2) of the biological model is made of silicone and is provided with elements anatomically similar to real rats, such as the pharynx, larynx, trachea, stomach and tail veins (22).
6. The rat biological model according to any one of claims 1 to 5,it is characterized in thatThe skull comprises a translucent hydrophobic formable silicone film on the inside.
7. The rat biological model according to any one of claims 1 to 6,it is characterized in thatThe rat biological model comprises strain gauge type sensors adapted to measure the depth of the skull portion and the stress applied to the skull.
CN202080094117.4A 2020-01-22 2020-11-03 Rat biological model for medical craniotomy training Pending CN114981857A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRBR1020200013785 2020-01-22
BR102020001378-5A BR102020001378A2 (en) 2020-01-22 2020-01-22 RAT BIOMODEL FOR TRAINING MEDICAL CRANIOTOMY TECHNIQUES
PCT/BR2020/050448 WO2021146786A1 (en) 2020-01-22 2020-11-03 Rat biomodels for training in medical craniotomy techniques

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CN114981857A true CN114981857A (en) 2022-08-30

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US (1) US20230073806A1 (en)
EP (1) EP4095825A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2023511157A (en)
CN (1) CN114981857A (en)
BR (1) BR102020001378A2 (en)
WO (1) WO2021146786A1 (en)

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US4439162A (en) * 1982-01-21 1984-03-27 George Blaine Training manikin for medical instruction
JP2997970B2 (en) * 1992-08-31 2000-01-11 タキロン株式会社 Gelled elastic body of polyurethane
DE20319367U1 (en) * 2003-12-13 2004-03-18 Piepereit, Fred Rotatable combined neck and head part for model animals, comprises head, neck and torso pieces
EP2418636A4 (en) * 2009-04-10 2015-04-08 Nat Cerebral & Cardiovascular Ct Head model for brain-imaging device and technique for producing same
CN101861836B (en) * 2010-04-30 2012-05-23 重庆大学 Method for controlling movement of woundless rat robot
WO2012168287A1 (en) * 2011-06-06 2012-12-13 Lapskill Medical As Artificial organs for surgical simulation training and method of producing artificial organs
US9792836B2 (en) * 2012-10-30 2017-10-17 Truinject Corp. Injection training apparatus using 3D position sensor
EP2915157B1 (en) * 2012-10-30 2019-05-08 Truinject Corp. System for injection training
US20160155364A1 (en) * 2013-07-11 2016-06-02 Cameron Piron Surgical training and imaging brain phantom
WO2017074176A1 (en) * 2015-10-28 2017-05-04 Universiti Malaya Bio-model comprising a fluid system and method of manufacturing a bio-model comprising a fluid system
CN107798979A (en) * 2016-08-29 2018-03-13 黄庆 A kind of method that 3D replicates printing skull, cranial nerve, brain tissue and brain vessel model

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EP4095825A4 (en) 2024-01-03
WO2021146786A1 (en) 2021-07-29
JP2023511157A (en) 2023-03-16
US20230073806A1 (en) 2023-03-09
EP4095825A1 (en) 2022-11-30

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