CN114979094A - Data transmission method, device, equipment and medium based on RTP - Google Patents
Data transmission method, device, equipment and medium based on RTP Download PDFInfo
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- CN114979094A CN114979094A CN202210520562.3A CN202210520562A CN114979094A CN 114979094 A CN114979094 A CN 114979094A CN 202210520562 A CN202210520562 A CN 202210520562A CN 114979094 A CN114979094 A CN 114979094A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/643—Communication protocols
- H04N21/6437—Real-time Transport Protocol [RTP]
Abstract
The application provides a data transmission method, a device, equipment and a medium based on RTP, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a sending end acquires a streaming media file to be sent and at least one data file corresponding to the streaming media file; acquiring a data value corresponding to each data file in at least one data file, and determining a target mathematical relation between the data value corresponding to each data file and a digital equivalent item, wherein the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header; determining identifiers of the target mathematical relation in the data dictionary; and sending the identifier of the target mathematical relation by adopting an RTP code stream. The receiving end receives the identifier sent by the RTP code stream, determines a target mathematical relational expression according to the identifier and the data dictionary, and then determines the stream media file according to the digital equivalent item and the target mathematical relational expression. By adopting the method of the embodiment of the application, data transmission resources can be effectively saved, and data transmission efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of data processing technologies, and in particular, to a data transmission method, apparatus, device, and medium based on RTP.
Background
With the rapid development of network technology and media technology, media forms that people can contact are more and more abundant, and with the increasing number of media forms and the high popularization of the internet, the information amount shows unprecedented high-speed growth, so that the data transmission amount also enters an unprecedented growth age.
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a network Transport Protocol that specifies a standard packet format for transmitting audio and video over a network. The protocol provides an end-to-end delivery service for data with real-time characteristics. The video file or the audio file can be split into RTP streams for transmission. In the process of transmitting data by adopting RTP stream, if the data is transmitted without compression, a large amount of transmission resources are consumed, and a large amount of transmission time is occupied. If the data is sent after compression, the raw video is processed frame by video compression software such as FFMPEG, which is specifically designed to compress the video by visually analyzing all the frames. The video file compressed by the method also has a small volume, and a large amount of resources are consumed for transmitting the video file.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a data transmission method, a device, equipment and a medium based on RTP, and aims to simplify the data compression process, save data transmission resources and improve data transmission efficiency are achieved.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data sending method based on RTP, where the method includes: acquiring a streaming media file to be sent and at least one data file corresponding to the streaming media file; acquiring a data value corresponding to each data file in at least one data file, and determining a target mathematical relation between the data value corresponding to each data file and a digital equivalent item, wherein the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header; acquiring identifiers of the target mathematical relation in a data dictionary, wherein the data dictionary comprises a plurality of mathematical relations and identifiers corresponding to each mathematical relation in the mathematical relations; and transmitting the identifier of the target mathematical relation of each data file by adopting an RTP code stream.
It can be seen that in the embodiment of the present application, in the process of establishing transmission through RTP, a digital equivalent is determined by using the sequence number SEQ and/or the contributor identifier CSRC in the header of RTP, and then a target mathematical relation in the data dictionary is used to indicate the relationship between the digital equivalent and the data value of the data file to be transmitted, so that when an RTP stream is transmitted, the actual data content is not transmitted, but the identifier of the target mathematical relation is transmitted instead of transmitting the data content. Therefore, the time consumption for compressing the data content can be greatly reduced, the resource occupation for sending the data content can be reduced, and the data sending efficiency is improved.
In an alternative example, the digital equivalent term is determined from the sequence number SEQ and/or the contributor identification CSRC in the RTP header, including: the numerical equivalent is determined according to a default indicator indicating at least one character in SEQ and/or CSRC.
In an alternative example, the digital equivalent term is determined from the sequence number SEQ and/or the contributor identification CSRC in the RTP header, including: the number equivalent item is determined according to the default indicator indicating at least one character in SEQ and/or CSRC and the offset indicated by other indicators; when the RTP code stream is adopted to send the identifier of the target mathematical relational expression of each data file, the method further comprises the following steps: the offset indicated by the other indicator is sent.
In one optional example, determining a target mathematical relationship between the data value corresponding to each data file and the digital equivalent comprises: acquiring a data value corresponding to a data file, and a digital equivalent item determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header; substituting the digital equivalent terms into a mathematical relation in a data dictionary, and calculating to obtain a test data value; and determining a difference value between the time delay data value and the data value corresponding to the data file, and if the difference value is smaller than a first preset threshold value, determining the mathematical relation as a target mathematical relation.
In one optional example, the method further comprises: acquiring a plurality of historical streaming media files and preset digital equivalent items corresponding to the historical streaming media files; determining a mathematical relation formula which is satisfied between a data value of at least one data file of each historical streaming media file in a plurality of historical streaming media files and a preset array equivalent item, wherein the mathematical relation formula is satisfied between the data value of the data file and the preset array equivalent item: the difference value between the standard data value obtained by calculating the preset digital equivalent item by adopting a mathematical relational expression and the data value of the data file is smaller than a second preset threshold value; and generating a data dictionary according to the mathematical relation and the occurrence probability of the mathematical relation.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data receiving method based on RTP, where the method includes: receiving an identifier sent by an RTP code stream, wherein the identifier is used for indicating a target mathematical relational expression; determining a target mathematical relation according to the identifier and a data dictionary, wherein the data dictionary comprises a plurality of mathematical relations and identifiers corresponding to each mathematical relation in the mathematical relations; calculating a data value of a data file corresponding to the RTP code stream according to the target mathematical relation and the digital equivalent item, wherein the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header; and restoring the streaming media file to be sent according to the data value of at least one data file.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission apparatus, including:
the device comprises an acquisition unit, a processing unit and a processing unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a streaming media file to be sent and at least one data file corresponding to the streaming media file;
a determining unit, configured to obtain a data value corresponding to each data file in at least one data file, and determine a target mathematical relationship between the data value corresponding to each data file and a digital equivalent item, where the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header;
the identification unit is used for acquiring identifiers of the target mathematical relation in the data dictionary, wherein the data dictionary comprises a plurality of mathematical relations and identifiers corresponding to each mathematical relation in the plurality of mathematical relations;
and the sending unit is used for sending the identifier of the target mathematical relational expression of each data file by adopting an RTP code stream.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data receiving apparatus, including:
the receiving unit is used for receiving an identifier sent by an RTP code stream, and the identifier is used for indicating a target mathematical relational expression;
the determining unit is used for determining a target mathematical relation according to the identifier and the data dictionary, wherein the data dictionary comprises a plurality of mathematical relations and identifiers corresponding to each mathematical relation in the plurality of mathematical relations;
the calculating unit is used for calculating a data value of a data file corresponding to the RTP code stream according to the target mathematical relation and the digital equivalent item, and the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header;
and the restoring unit is used for restoring the streaming media file to be sent according to the data value of at least one data file.
In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and computer executable instructions stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and when the computer executable instructions are executed, the electronic device is caused to perform some or all of the steps described in any of the methods of the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, or the electronic device is caused to perform some or all of the steps described in any of the methods of the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
In a sixth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions, which, when executed on a communication apparatus, cause the communication apparatus to perform some or all of the steps described in any one of the methods of the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, or cause the communication apparatus to perform some or all of the steps described in any one of the methods of the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
In a seventh aspect, this application provides a computer program product, where the computer program product comprises a computer program operable to cause a computer to perform some or all of the steps described in any one of the methods of the first aspect of this application or to perform some or all of the steps described in any one of the methods of the second aspect of this application. The computer program product may be a software installation package.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an RTP stream header according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a data transmission method based on RTP according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an indicator indicating a numerical equivalent provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another indicator provided in an embodiment of the present application indicating a numerical equivalent;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process for determining a target mathematical relationship according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a data receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a hardware structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
The following describes an application scenario related to an embodiment of the present application with reference to the drawings.
When a video file is split into RTP streams for transmission, each RTP stream includes a header (header). Specifically, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an RTP stream header according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the first 12 bytes in the header are fixed contents. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
v: the version number of the RTP protocol is expressed, and occupies 2 bits (bits);
p: indicating a padding flag, occupying 1 bit, and if P ═ 1, indicating that one or more additional octets are padded at the tail of the packet, which are not part of the payload;
x: indicating an extension flag, occupying 1 bit, if X is 1, then an extension header follows the RTP header;
CC: a credit identifier (CSRC) counter, which takes 4 bits and indicates the number of CSRC identifiers. M is a mark, occupies 1 bit, different payloads have different meanings, and the end of one frame is marked for the video; for audio, mark the beginning of a conversation;
pt (payload type): the payload type, which occupies 7 bits, is used for explaining the type of the payload in the RTP message, such as GSM audio, JPEM images and the like, and most of streaming media are used for distinguishing audio streams from video streams, so that a client can conveniently analyze the audio streams and the video streams;
sequence number (SEQ): and the sequence number occupies 16 bits and is used for identifying the sequence number of the RTP message sent by the sender, and the sequence number is increased by 1 when one message is sent. This field can be used to check packet loss when the lower layer bearer protocol uses UDP and the network condition is not good. The situation when network jitter occurs can be used to reorder the data. The initial value of the sequence number is random, and the sequence of the audio packet and the sequence of the video packet are counted respectively;
timestamp (timestamp): accounting for 32 bits. The timestamp reflects the sampling time of the first octet of the RTP packet. The acceptor calculates delay and delay jitter using the time stamp and performs synchronization control. The timing of the data packets can be obtained from the timestamps of the RTP packets.
Synchronization source identifier (SSRC): takes 32 bits to identify the synchronization source. A synchronization source refers to a source that generates a media stream, such as a microphone, a camera, an RTP mixer, etc. He is identified by a 32-bit digital SSRC identifier in the RTP header, and not by the network address, and the receiver will group RTP messages by distinguishing different sources according to the SSRC identifier.
CSRC: each CSRC identifier takes 32 bits, and 0-15 CSRCs can be provided. Each CSRC identifies all the provisioning sources contained in the RTP packet payload.
As can be seen from the above description, the SEQ can be determined according to the size of the streaming media file (including a video file or an audio file) to be sent and the number of RTP streams (the number of RTP packets) into which the streaming media file is split. While CSRC is determined by SSRC, which is determined by the source of the media stream. Therefore, after the sender and the receiver establish a connection, the receiver can obtain the values of SEQ and CSRC in the RTP header of the same subsequent streaming media file. And because SEQ occupies 16 bits, the corresponding value is N1-0-2 16 -1; the value of CSRC is at least N2 ═ 0-2 32 -1, capable of expressing a relatively rich numerical content.
Based on this, please refer to fig. 2, which is a flowchart of a data transmission method based on RTP provided in the embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 2, the method includes the following steps:
201. the sending end obtains a streaming media file to be sent and at least one data file corresponding to the streaming media file.
When a sending end is ready to send a streaming media file, if the streaming media file is generated by segmenting and immediately sending a video file, a complete streaming media file may be composed of one or more data files. One data file corresponds to one RTP packet (or RTP packet), and each RTP packet is composed of an RTP header and a payload (data).
202. The sending end obtains a data value corresponding to each data file in at least one data file, and determines a target mathematical relation between the data value corresponding to each data file and a digital equivalent item, wherein the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header.
After the sending end and the receiving end establish the RTP connection, an RTP header is sent once for an RTP packet corresponding to each data file of the streaming media file. SEQ and CSRC in the header are capable of expressing rich data values. Then, the sender may use SEQ and/or CSRC to indicate a digital equivalent item for representing a preset relationship existing between a data value of a data file to be sent and the digital equivalent item.
Optionally, the digital equivalent term is determined from the sequence number SEQ and/or the contributor identification CSRC in the RTP header, including: the numerical equivalent is determined according to a default indicator indicating at least one character in SEQ and/or CSRC.
In the embodiment of the application, the digital equivalent item is determined by the default indicator indication agreed by the sending end and the receiving end. For example, a default indicator is used to indicate the first three characters in SEQ as the digital equivalent corresponding to the data file in the RTP packet. Then the possible value of this digital equivalent is 000 to 999. Referring to fig. 3 in detail, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an indicator indicating a digital equivalent item according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in (a) of fig. 3, indicating that the first three bits of SEQ obtain a digital equivalent item 645.
Alternatively, a default indicator may be used to indicate the first and third bits of SEQ, resulting in a numerical equivalent term, then the possible values for the numerical equivalent term are 00 ~ 99. As shown in fig. 3 (b) in particular, the default indicator indicates that the resulting numerical equivalent is 65. That is, the default indicator may indicate a consecutive number of bits in SEQ as a numerical equivalent, or may indicate an intermittent number of bits in SEQ as a numerical equivalent.
In some cases, the default indicator may also indicate a certain bit or a certain number of bit values in CSRC as a digital equivalent. The specific indication process is the same as the indication method shown in SEQ in fig. 3, and is not described herein again.
In some cases, the possible values for SEQ are 0-2 16 1, and the larger the number of split data files, the larger the total number of SEQ. There may therefore be a possibility that the characters of SEQ are insufficient to express a numerical equivalent. For example, SEQ can only express values from 00 to 99, but the default indicator is intended to indicate numerical equivalents from 000 to 999. Then a default indicator may be used to indicate both the characters in SEQ and CSRC for a numerical equivalent. Referring specifically to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another indicator indicating a digital equivalent according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 4, the default indicator indicates that the first bit and the second bit of SEQ and the first bit in CSRC constitute the digital equivalent 641.
Optionally, the digital equivalent term is determined from the sequence number SEQ and/or the contributor identification CSRC in the RTP header, including: the number equivalent item is determined according to the default indicator indicating at least one character in SEQ and/or CSRC and the offset indicated by other indicators; when the RTP code stream is adopted to send the identifier of the target mathematical relation of each data file, the method further comprises the following steps: the offset indicated by the other indicator is sent.
In the embodiment of the present application, since the indicator for indicating the digital equivalent item is a default indicator agreed in advance by the transmitting end and the receiving end, the content that the default indicator can indicate is relatively fixed. For example, the default indicator indicates the first two bits of a SEQ, which is ordered according to the transmission order of RTP packets. The default indicator indicates that the character in the previous SEQ is 81, and it can be deduced that the character in the next SEQ is 82. If the data value of the data file in the previous RTP packet is very close to the data value of the data file in the next RTP packet, it is not necessary to re-determine a new target mathematical relation according to the data value of the data file in the next RTP packet and the digital equivalent, and a small amount of offset value may be indicated by using the target mathematical relation corresponding to the previous RTP packet.
Specifically, assume that the target mathematical relationship of the last RTP packet is y1 ═ 8 x1 Where y1 represents the data value of the data file in the RTP packet and x1 represents the corresponding digital equivalent of the RTP packet. If the data value y2 of the data file of the next RTP packet is y1 and the character of the RTP packet indicated by the default indicator is x 2-x 1+1, the other indicators may be used to indicate an offset a-1, such that y 2-8 (x2 -1)＝8 x1 In this way, the offset of the digital equivalent item of the subsequent RTP packet and the digital equivalent item of the preamble is determined by reverse extrapolation by using the target mathematical relation of the RTP packet which is determined in the foregoing and the similarity of the data values of the data files in the preamble RTP packet and the subsequent RTP packet. Therefore, the determination efficiency of the target mathematical relation of the subsequent RTP packet is improved.
Optionally, determining a target mathematical relationship between the data value corresponding to each data file and the digital equivalent includes: acquiring a data value corresponding to a data file, and a digital equivalent item determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header; substituting the digital equivalent terms into a mathematical relation in a data dictionary, and calculating to obtain a test data value; and determining a difference value between the time delay data value and the data value corresponding to the data file, and if the difference value is smaller than a first preset threshold value, determining the mathematical relation as a target mathematical relation.
In this embodiment of the present application, it may be assumed that a data dictionary preset by a sending end and a receiving end already exists, where the data dictionary includes a plurality of mathematical relationships and identifiers corresponding to the mathematical relationships. For example, the mathematical relationship may be a fibonacci sequence, bernoulli number, euler number, or the like. The data value corresponding to the data file refers to a value corresponding to the data file converted from binary (or hexadecimal) to 10-ary. For example, the data file is 0001000, and after conversion into data values: 8. referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process for determining a target mathematical relationship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 5, a data dictionary includes a preset data dictionary, which includes a mathematical relationship identified by index numbers of 1 to 4. It is assumed that there is a data value y of 68719476736 corresponding to the data file in the RTP packet, and the default indicator indicates a numeric equivalent x of 12. And sequentially substituting x as 12 into mathematical relational expressions of 1-4 to obtain corresponding experimental data values. When the introduced mathematical relation y is 8 x If the difference between the obtained experimental data value and the data value corresponding to the data file is 0 and is smaller than the first preset threshold (assuming that the first preset threshold is 100), it may be determined that the mathematical relationship is the target mathematical relationship corresponding to the RTP packet.
In some cases, since the number of the mathematical relations in the data dictionary is limited, the number equivalent terms corresponding to each RTP can be brought into all the mathematical relations in the data dictionary one by one for calculation, and the corresponding experimental data values are obtained through calculation. And then matching the data values of the RTP data file with the experimental data values one by one. And selecting one of the data values with the minimum difference value with the experimental data value as the target mathematical relation.
203. The sending end determines identifiers of the target mathematical relation in a data dictionary, wherein the data dictionary comprises a plurality of mathematical relations and identifiers corresponding to each mathematical relation in the mathematical relations.
204. And the sending end sends the identifier of the target mathematical relational expression corresponding to each data file by adopting an RTP code stream.
Typically, each mathematical relationship in the data dictionary includes an identifier for uniquely identifying the mathematical relationship. For example, the reference numbers 1 to 4 in fig. 5 are respectively used for uniquely identifying 4 mathematical relations. After determining a target mathematical relation between the data value corresponding to the data file in the RTP packet and the digital equivalent item (i.e. a target mathematical relation corresponding to the data file of the RTP packet), an identifier corresponding to the target mathematical relation may be determined and sent to the receiving end by using an RTP code stream. That is, the transmission of the identifier using the mathematical relationship replaces the transmission of the data file in this process. The memory occupied by the identifier of the mathematical relation is far smaller than the memory of the data file, so that the efficiency of transmitting the streaming media by adopting the RTP code stream can be effectively improved.
205. And the receiving end receives the identifier sent by the RTP code stream, and determines a target mathematical relation according to the identifier and the data dictionary.
206. And the receiving end calculates the data value of the data file corresponding to the RTP code stream according to the target mathematical relation and the digital equivalent item.
207. And the receiving end restores the streaming media file to be sent according to the data value of at least one data file.
And the receiving end receives the RTP code stream, analyzes the header information of the RTP packet and obtains the SEQ and/or CSRC. The payload in the RTP packet is then parsed to obtain the identifier. And obtaining the target digital relational expression according to the SEQ and/or the CSRC and the identifier. In addition, since the indication mode of the digital equivalent item is predetermined by the transmitting end and the receiving end, the receiving end can determine the digital equivalent item according to the default indicator. And then the receiving end can calculate and obtain the data value of the data file according to the digital equivalent item and the target relational expression. For example, the target mathematical relation y is determined to be 8 according to the identifier x Number, etcThe effective term x is 12, then the payload of the corresponding RTP packet can be calculated to be y 8 12 ＝68719476736。
And after the load of each RTP packet is obtained, converting the data value of the data file into a binary value (or a hexadecimal numerical value), and further combining according to the sequence marked by the SEQ to obtain the streaming media file.
It can be seen that, in the embodiment of the present application, the data value of the data file is obtained through the target mathematical relation and the digital equivalent calculation. Where the digital equivalent is determined from the sequence number SEQ and/or the contributor identification CSRC in the RTP header, the digital equivalent is known to the receiving end. The target mathematical relation is indicated by the identifier, the sending end only needs to send the content of the identifier to the receiving end, the receiving end can determine the target mathematical relation according to the identifier, and the sending of the data file can be determined by combining the known digital equivalent items. That is, the transmission of the identifier is used instead of the transmission of the data file. The identifier occupies much less memory than the data content. Therefore, the occupation of the sending resources can be greatly reduced, and the sending efficiency of the streaming media is improved. Meanwhile, the efficiency of obtaining the replacement value (identifier) of the data file in the process is far higher than the efficiency of compressing the streaming media file frame by frame, and the compression efficiency of the streaming media file is further improved.
Optionally, the method further comprises: acquiring a plurality of historical streaming media files and preset digital equivalent items corresponding to the historical streaming media files; determining a mathematical relation formula which is satisfied between a data value of at least one data file of each historical streaming media file in a plurality of historical streaming media files and a preset array equivalent item, wherein the mathematical relation formula is satisfied between the data value of the data file and the preset array equivalent item: the difference value between the standard data value obtained by calculating the preset digital equivalent item by adopting a mathematical relational expression and the data value of the data file is smaller than a second preset threshold value; and generating a data dictionary according to the mathematical relation and the satisfying probability of the mathematical relation.
In the embodiment of the present application, the plurality of mathematical relations in the data dictionary may be obtained by training from a historical streaming media file. The historical streaming media files may be of different types, divided according to file source, e.g. the source being a microphone or a camera, will be divided into different file types. Or further, may be classified according to data file occupancy and data value proximity. For example, the occupied space of the data files 1 to 3 is 100M, the difference value between the data values of the data file 1 and the data file 2 is smaller than a first preset threshold, and the difference value between the data file 1 and the data file 2 is larger than the first preset threshold, so that the data file 1 and the data file 2 can be classified into the same data type.
And after the data file types are divided, carrying out mathematical relation training on the data values of the data files and the preset digital equivalent items of the data files. The specific process may be that the data value of a certain data file 1 is matched with the mathematical relation 1 determined by the characters in SEQ and/or CSRC indicated by the default indicator, and if the digital equivalence 1 is calculated with the mathematical relation 1 to obtain the standard data value 1, and the difference between the standard data value 1 and the data value of the data file 1 is smaller than a second preset threshold (the second preset threshold may be larger than 0, that is, the data value of the data file 1 does not necessarily completely conform to the mathematical relation 1), it may be determined that the data value of the data file and the corresponding preset digital equivalence 1 can satisfy the mathematical relation 1. And sequentially calculating to obtain the data values of other mathematical files and the satisfaction conditions of the corresponding preset digital equivalent items and other mathematical relational expressions (the other mathematical relational expressions can be a plurality of preset complete mathematical relational expressions or mathematical relational expressions with unknown parameters, and the unknown parameters can be determined according to the training process). And then, sequencing from most to least according to the number of the data files meeting each mathematical relation, and determining a plurality of mathematical relations in the top sequence as the mathematical relations in the data dictionary.
Each mathematical relationship is identified by a unique identifier, and it can be understood that the indexes of the mathematical relationships in the data dictionary may be sorted according to the satisfying probability of the mathematical relationship (i.e., the probability that the data files satisfying the mathematical relationship occupy the total data files). Since the index values are sequentially increased from small to large (or increased in a stepwise manner), for example, the index value is 0, the occupied bit is 1, and the index value is 7(111), the occupied bit is 3. Assuming that the satisfying probability of the mathematical relation is high, it means that the probability of being used to replace the data file for transmission is higher, and the smaller the space occupied by the identifier is, the more transmission resources can be saved.
It can be seen that, in the embodiment of the present application, the historical streaming media file is used for training to obtain the mathematical relationship in the data dictionary, and since the historical streaming media file and the streaming media file to be sent are of the same type, the mathematical relationship in the generated data dictionary is more adaptive to the streaming media file to be sent, which is beneficial for the sending end to determine the target mathematical relationship with higher efficiency and higher accuracy. And further, the processing amount of a processor at the sending end is reduced, and the time delay of sending the data file by the sending end is further reduced.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 6, the data transmitting apparatus 600 includes:
an obtaining unit 601, configured to obtain a streaming media file to be sent and at least one data file corresponding to the streaming media file;
a determining unit 602, configured to obtain a data value corresponding to each data file in at least one data file, and determine a target mathematical relationship between the data value corresponding to each data file and a digital equivalent item, where the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header;
the identifying unit 603 is configured to determine identifiers of the target mathematical relation in a data dictionary, where the data dictionary includes a plurality of mathematical relations and identifiers corresponding to each of the plurality of mathematical relations;
a sending unit 604, configured to send an identifier of the target mathematical relationship corresponding to each data file by using an RTP code stream.
In an alternative example, the digital equivalent term is determined from the sequence number SEQ and/or the contributor identification CSRC in the RTP header, including: the numerical equivalent is determined according to a default indicator indicating at least one character in SEQ and/or CSRC.
In an alternative example, the digital equivalent term is determined from the sequence number SEQ and/or the contributor identification CSRC in the RTP header, including: the number equivalent item is determined according to the default indicator indicating at least one character in SEQ and/or CSRC and the offset indicated by other indicators; when the RTP code stream is adopted to send the identifier of the target mathematical relation of each data file, the method further comprises the following steps: the offset indicated by the other indicator is sent.
In an alternative example, determining a target mathematical relationship between the data value and the digital equivalent for each data file includes: acquiring a data value corresponding to a data file, and a digital equivalent item determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header; substituting the digital equivalent terms into a mathematical relation in a data dictionary, and calculating to obtain a test data value; and determining a difference value between the test data value and the data value corresponding to the data file, and if the difference value is smaller than a first preset threshold value, determining the mathematical relation as a target mathematical relation.
In an optional example, the apparatus further comprises a training unit 605 for: acquiring a plurality of historical streaming media files and preset digital equivalent items corresponding to the historical streaming media files; determining a mathematical relation satisfied between a data value of at least one data file of each historical streaming media file in the plurality of historical streaming media files and a preset digital equivalent, wherein the mathematical relation satisfied between the data value of the data file and the preset digital equivalent is represented as: the difference value between the standard data value obtained by calculating the preset digital equivalent item by adopting a mathematical relational expression and the data value of the data file is smaller than a second preset threshold value; and generating a data dictionary according to the mathematical relation and the occurrence probability of the mathematical relation.
It should be noted that the above units (the acquiring unit 601, the determining unit 602, the identifying unit 603, and the sending unit 604) are configured to execute relevant steps of the above method. For example, the acquiring unit 601 is configured to execute the related content of step 201, the determining unit is configured to execute the related content of step 202, the identifying unit 603 is configured to execute the related content of step 203, and the sending unit 604 is configured to execute the related content of step 204.
In the present embodiment, the data transmission apparatus 600 is presented in the form of a unit. An "element" may refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a processor and memory that execute one or more software or firmware programs, an integrated logic circuit, and/or other devices that may provide the described functionality. Further, the above acquisition unit 601, determination unit 602, and identification unit 603 can be realized by the processor 801 of the electronic apparatus shown in fig. 8.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a data receiving device according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 7, the data receiving device 700 includes:
a receiving unit 701, configured to receive an identifier sent by using an RTP code stream, where the identifier is used to indicate a target mathematical relation;
a determining unit 702, configured to determine a target mathematical relationship according to the identifier and a data dictionary, where the data dictionary includes a plurality of mathematical relationships and an identifier corresponding to each of the plurality of mathematical relationships;
a calculating unit 703, configured to calculate a data value of a data file corresponding to the RTP code stream according to the target mathematical relationship and a digital equivalent item, where the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header;
a restoring unit 704, configured to restore the streaming media file to be sent according to the data value of the at least one data file.
In a possible embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a training unit 705 for: acquiring a plurality of historical streaming media files and preset digital equivalent items corresponding to the historical streaming media files; determining a mathematical relation formula which is satisfied between a data value of at least one data file of each historical streaming media file in a plurality of historical streaming media files and a preset array equivalent item, wherein the mathematical relation formula is satisfied between the data value of the data file and the preset array equivalent item: the difference value between the standard data value obtained by calculating the preset digital equivalent item by adopting a mathematical relational expression and the data value of the data file is smaller than a second preset threshold value; and generating a data dictionary according to the mathematical relation and the occurrence probability of the mathematical relation.
The units (receiving unit 701, determining unit 702, calculating unit 703 and restoring unit 704) are used for executing the steps related to the method. For example, the receiving unit 701 and the determining unit 702 are used to execute the related content of step 205, the calculating unit 703 is used to execute the related content of step 206, and the restoring unit 704 is used to execute the related content of step 207.
In the present embodiment, the data receiving apparatus 700 is presented in the form of a unit. An "element" may refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a processor and memory that execute one or more software or firmware programs, an integrated logic circuit, and/or other devices that may provide the described functionality. Further, the above determining unit 702, the calculating unit 703, and the restoring unit 704 may be realized by the processor 801 of the electronic apparatus shown in fig. 8.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one type of logical function division, and other division may be implemented in practice, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of some interfaces, devices or units, and may be an electric or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of a software program module.
The integrated units described above, if implemented in the form of software program modules and sold or used as separate products, may be stored in a computer readable memory. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be substantially implemented or a part of or all or part of the technical solution contributing to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a memory, and including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned memory comprises: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The data transmitting apparatus shown in fig. 6 or the data receiving apparatus shown in fig. 7 may be implemented in the structure shown in fig. 8, and as shown in fig. 8, the electronic device 800 includes at least one processor 801, at least one memory 802, and at least one communication interface 803. The processor 801, the memory 802 and the communication interface 803 are connected through the communication bus and perform communication with each other.
The processor 801 may be a general purpose Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of programs according to the above schemes.
The Memory 802 may be, but is not limited to, a Read-Only Memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a Random Access Memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) or other optical Disc storage, optical Disc storage (including Compact Disc, laser Disc, optical Disc, digital versatile Disc, blu-ray Disc, etc.), magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. The memory may be self-contained and coupled to the processor via a bus. The memory may also be integral to the processor.
The memory 802 is used for storing application program codes for executing the above schemes, and is controlled by the processor 801 to execute. The processor 801 is used to execute application program code stored in the memory 802.
The memory 802 stores code that may perform any of the RTP-based data transmission methods provided above.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium, where the computer storage medium may store a program, and when the program is executed, the program includes some or all of the steps of any one of the RTP-based data transmission methods described in the above method embodiments.
It should be noted that, for simplicity of description, the above-mentioned method embodiments are described as a series of acts or combination of acts, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited by the order of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently in accordance with the invention. Further, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required by the invention.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one type of division of logical functions, and there may be other divisions when actually implementing, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of some interfaces, devices or units, and may be an electric or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable memory. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may substantially or partially contribute to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a memory and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a receiving end device, or a network device) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned memory comprises: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by associated hardware instructed by a program, which may be stored in a computer-readable memory, which may include: flash Memory disks, Read-Only memories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), magnetic or optical disks, and the like.
The above embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and the principle and the implementation of the present invention are explained by applying specific embodiments, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An RTP-based data transmission method, the method comprising:
acquiring a streaming media file to be sent and at least one data file corresponding to the streaming media file;
acquiring a data value corresponding to each data file in the at least one data file, and determining a target mathematical relation between the data value corresponding to each data file and a digital equivalent item, wherein the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header;
determining identifiers of the target mathematical relation in a data dictionary, wherein the data dictionary comprises a plurality of mathematical relations and identifiers corresponding to each mathematical relation in the plurality of mathematical relations;
and sending the identifier of the target mathematical relational expression corresponding to each data file by adopting an RTP code stream.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital equivalent term is determined according to sequence number SEQ and/or contributor identification CSRC in RTP header, comprising:
the digital equivalent is determined according to a default indicator indicating at least one character in the SEQ and/or the CSRC.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital equivalent term is determined according to sequence number SEQ and/or contributor identification CSRC in RTP header, comprising:
the digital equivalent is determined according to an offset indicated by a default indicator indicating at least one character in the SEQ and/or the CSRC and other indicators;
when the RTP code stream is used to send the identifier of the target mathematical relation of each data file, the method further includes:
transmitting an offset indicated by the other indicator.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein said determining a target mathematical relationship between the data value corresponding to each of said data files and the digital equivalent comprises:
acquiring a data value corresponding to a data file, and a digital equivalent item determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header;
substituting the digital equivalent term into a mathematical relation in the data dictionary, and calculating to obtain a test data value;
and determining a difference value between the time delay data value and the data value corresponding to the data file, and if the difference value is smaller than a first preset threshold value, determining that the mathematical relation is a target mathematical relation.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
acquiring a plurality of historical streaming media files and preset digital equivalent items corresponding to the historical streaming media files;
determining a mathematical relation satisfied between a data value of at least one data file of each historical streaming media file in the plurality of historical streaming media files and the preset array equivalent items, wherein the mathematical relation is satisfied between the data value of the data file and the preset array equivalent items: the difference value between the standard data value obtained by calculating the preset digital equivalent item by adopting the mathematical relational expression and the data value of the data file is smaller than a second preset threshold value;
and generating the data dictionary according to the mathematical relation and the occurrence probability of the mathematical relation.
6. An RTP-based data receiving method, comprising:
receiving an identifier sent by an RTP code stream, wherein the identifier is used for indicating a target mathematical relational expression;
determining a target mathematical relation according to the identifier and a data dictionary, wherein the data dictionary comprises a plurality of mathematical relations and identifiers corresponding to each mathematical relation in the mathematical relations;
calculating a data value of a data file corresponding to the RTP code stream according to the target mathematical relation and a digital equivalent item, wherein the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header;
and restoring the streaming media file to be sent according to the data value of at least one data file.
7. A data transmission apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises:
the device comprises an acquisition unit, a processing unit and a processing unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a streaming media file to be sent and at least one data file corresponding to the streaming media file;
a determining unit, configured to obtain a data value corresponding to each data file in the at least one data file, and determine a target mathematical relationship between the data value corresponding to each data file and a digital equivalent item, where the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header;
the identification unit is used for determining the identifier of the target mathematical relation in a data dictionary, wherein the data dictionary comprises a plurality of mathematical relations and the identifier corresponding to each mathematical relation in the plurality of mathematical relations;
and the sending unit is used for sending the identifier of the target mathematical relational expression corresponding to each data file by adopting an RTP code stream.
8. A data receiving apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the receiving unit is used for receiving an identifier sent by an RTP code stream, wherein the identifier is used for indicating a target mathematical relational expression;
the determining unit is used for determining a target mathematical relation according to the identifier and a data dictionary, wherein the data dictionary comprises a plurality of mathematical relations and identifiers corresponding to each mathematical relation in the plurality of mathematical relations;
a calculating unit, configured to calculate a data value of a data file corresponding to the RTP code stream according to the target mathematical relationship and a digital equivalent item, where the digital equivalent item is determined according to a sequence number SEQ and/or a contributor identifier CSRC in an RTP header;
and the restoring unit is used for restoring the streaming media file to be sent according to the data value of at least one data file.
9. An electronic device comprising a processor, a memory, and computer executable instructions stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which when executed cause the electronic device to perform the method of any of claims 1-5 or cause the electronic device to perform the method of claim 6.
10. A computer readable storage medium having stored therein computer instructions which, when run on a communication apparatus, cause the communication apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1-5, or cause an electronic device to perform the method of claim 6.
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