CN114978317B - Method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fiber - Google Patents
Method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers, which realizes the transmission of 1553B buses through the optical fibers through two 1553B photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapters, wherein the transmission distance can reach kilometer level and has strong interference resistance. The terminal resistor and the relay switch are designed in the adapter, so that the transmission of a 1553B main cable and a stub can be realized, and the topology requirement is met. The transmission and reception signals of the 1553B bus may be simply distinguished. The adapter is internally provided with a bus signal acquisition circuit for acquiring 1553B bus voltage, and the field programmable device is used for detecting the start and the end of a message together with the acquired voltage value through 1553B bus signals, so that the influence of message tailing is eliminated, message errors caused by the transmission of a tailing waveform on a bus are avoided, the delay is shortened, the conversion delay is reduced to ns level, and the real-time performance is high. And accurately identifying and recovering 1553B bus signals from the optical signals by adding a start synchronization head and an end synchronization head, and eliminating the influence of interference pulses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of avionics, and particularly relates to a method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers.
Background
The MILs-STD-1553B bus is abbreviated as 1553B bus, and the 1553B bus is a time division command/response type multiplexed data bus inside the aircraft. The 1553B bus has the characteristics of definite transmission delay, reliable transmission capacity, strong fault tolerance capacity and the like, and is high in communication efficiency and convenient to modify, expand and maintain. The method is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, ships, missiles and the like.
The 1553B bus has two coupling modes: direct coupling and transformer coupling. Compared with direct coupling, the transformer coupling has better electrical isolation, impedance matching and higher noise suppression performance, and is widely applied in practice. The 1553B bus uses shielded twisted pair as a transmission medium, the length of a stub is less than 6 meters, the longest length of a main cable is generally less than 100 meters, and the transmission distance is limited in a transformer coupling mode. With the development of technology, a transmission distance of the 1553B bus has higher requirements. Simulation and test of the whole 1553B bus system are required to be carried out at a distance of even kilometers between buildings or in an external field, and the main cable and the stub of the existing 1553B bus cannot meet the requirements by adopting twisted pair wires as transmission media. The optical fiber has the advantages of long transmission distance, strong interference resistance and light weight, so that 1553B bus signals can be transmitted through the optical fiber, and the long-distance transmission of 1553B main cables and short stubs is realized. However, the following difficulties exist in transmitting the 1553B bus signal through the optical fiber:
firstly, the 1553B bus signal is influenced by the connection topology, transmission distance and environmental temperature factors, a tail exists at the end of bus transmission, the tail can cause the detection of a bus idle state to be difficult, and if a tail waveform is also forwarded, message errors of the whole 1553B bus system can be caused. Secondly, the two differential signals of the 1553B bus are not completely inverted, and the two signals are simultaneously low-level when the bus is idle, and the optical fiber is a single-ended signal, so that the 1553B bus signal is difficult to recover from the optical fiber signal. Finally, in the simulation test of most 1553B systems, the 1553B equipment is already shaped, the non-response timeout time of the RT cannot be modified any more, the non-response timeout time specified in the GJB 289A is 14us, the response time of the general RT equipment is 6us, the photoelectric conversion delay plus the bidirectional delay of the optical fiber transmission are required to be less than 8us, namely the unidirectional delay is less than 4us, which puts higher requirements on real-time performance and is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the technology, and provides a method for realizing 1553B bus long-distance transmission through optical fibers, which is used for converting 1553B bus signals into optical signals through a 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter and converting the optical signals into 1553B bus signals, so that the 1553B bus is transmitted through the optical fibers, the transmission distance can reach kilometer level, the anti-interference performance is high, and the problem that a 1553B main cable and a stub cannot be transmitted in a long distance is solved. Meanwhile, the influence of tailing can be eliminated, the start and the end of the message can be effectively identified, the recovery of the differential signal of the 1553B bus from the optical fiber signal can be simply and accurately realized, the conversion delay is small, and the real-time performance is high.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers is provided, which converts 1553B bus signals into optical signals through a 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter, and meanwhile converts the optical signals into 1553B bus signals, thereby realizing the transmission of 1553B buses through optical fibers. The 1553B photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is designed with two independent channels, and can realize photoelectric bidirectional conversion of one-channel double-redundancy 1553B channel or two independent 1553B channels. The circuit is as follows: the device comprises an isolation transformer of a first channel, a 1553B transceiver, a terminal resistor, a relay switch and an optical module, and comprises an isolation transformer of a second channel, the 1553B transceiver, the terminal resistor, the relay switch, the optical module, a bus signal acquisition circuit and a field programmable device. The field programmable device comprises: the bus signal acquisition module comprises a 1553B signal to optical signal module and an optical signal to 1553B signal module of a first channel, and comprises a 1553B signal to optical signal module and an optical signal to 1553B signal module of a second channel.
A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission by optical fibers is realized based on two 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapters, and the realization methods of the two adapters are identical. The first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is connected to the 1553B bus X, the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is connected to the far-end 1553B bus Y, and the two adapters are connected through optical fibers. The first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter converts the signal of the 1553B bus X into an optical signal, the optical signal is transmitted to the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter through an optical fiber, and the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter converts the optical signal into a 1553B bus signal and transmits the 1553B bus signal to the 1553 bus Y. Similarly, the signal of the 1553B bus Y can be transmitted to the 1553B bus X through the optical fiber. The 1553B bus X is an original 1553B bus, the 1553B bus Y is an extended 1553B bus, and a plurality of terminal devices can be externally connected to the 1553B bus Y through couplers, so that the extension of the transmission distance between a 1553B main cable and a stub is realized.
A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers comprises the following steps:
step 1, a stub of a main cable or coupler connected to a 1553B bus through an isolation transformer and a 1553B transceiver. The first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is connected to a main cable of the 1553B bus X or a short section of a coupler through an isolation transformer and a 1553B transceiver, receives a signal of the 1553B bus X, converts the signal into a digital signal, outputs the digital signal to a field programmable device, and processes and converts the 1553B bus signal in the field programmable device.
And 2, connecting a terminal resistor. If the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is connected to the 1553B main cable, controlling a relay switch to be closed, and connecting a terminal resistor to the tail end of the 1553B main cable; the relay switch is normally open if connected to the stub of the coupler, and the termination resistor is not used.
And 3, collecting 1553B bus signals. The 1553B bus signal acquisition circuit in the 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter can acquire bus signal voltages of two 1553B channels simultaneously and output acquired voltage values to the field programmable device.
And 4, converting the 1553B bus signals into optical signals in the field programmable device, and outputting the optical signals to the optical module.
The bus signal acquisition module in the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter controls the 1553B bus signal acquisition circuit, receives the acquired voltage value, searches the zero voltage value of the bus, and outputs the zero voltage value to the 1553B signal light conversion signal module. The 1553B signal-to-optical signal conversion module distinguishes the received digital signals of the 1553B transceiver from the received signals, shapes waveforms, recognizes the start and the end of a message, and converts the differential signals of the 1553B signals into optical signals to be output to the optical module.
Firstly, the 1553B bus receives and transmits signals, and as the 1553B transceiver can simultaneously receive the received signals on the bus and the transmitted signals, when the signals are transmitted as optical signals, the signals received from the bus can only be transmitted, and the transmitted signals can not be transmitted through optical fibers. The optical signal converting 1553B signal module outputs a transmitting enabling mark to the 1553B signal converting optical signal module, and the 1553B signal converting optical signal module takes the transmitting enabling mark as receiving enabling, and the transmitting enabling mark is opposite to the signal phase of the receiving 1553B transceiver, so that the transmitting signal and the receiving signal are simply and effectively distinguished.
Second, the waveform of the 1553B signal is shaped, the edges of the two differential signals output by the 1553B transceiver are not perfectly aligned, the edges of the two differential signals are aligned by waveform shaping, and then subsequent processing is performed.
Then, the message starts to be identified, a start synchronization head is added, and the message is converted into an optical signal to be output. The state of the 1553B differential signal is: high, low, and idle states. When the two differential signals are detected 1553B as high or low and the effective voltage values of the N points are collected, the message is started. And adding the received positive signal into a starting synchronous head to output as an optical signal. In order to shorten the switching delay, the initial synchronization head does not occupy bus time and is used as a front part signal of the first pulse of the message for transmission. And distinguishes the first pulse of the message as either high or low by two types of start sync header.
And finally, identifying the end of the message, adding an end synchronization head, and completing forwarding of one message. And detecting 1553B that the two differential signals are simultaneously in a low level, namely in an idle state, or acquiring voltage values in N zero point ranges, wherein the voltage values are the end of the message. And adding the received positive signal into the end synchronization head, and ending the forwarding of one message.
The start and the end of the message are detected through the state of the 1553B differential signal and the collected voltage value, the tailing influence can be effectively eliminated, and the phenomenon that the whole 1553B bus system generates message errors due to the fact that the tailing waveform of the message is forwarded is avoided. The initial synchronization head is added at the beginning of the message, and the end synchronization head is added at the end of the message, so that the message can be effectively identified and recovered from the optical signal, and interference pulses are eliminated.
And 5, converting the electric signal into an optical signal by the optical module of the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter, and transmitting the optical signal to the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter through the optical fiber.
And 6, converting the optical signal received from the optical fiber into an electrical signal by the optical module of the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter, and outputting the electrical signal to the field programmable device.
And 7, realizing optical signal conversion 1553B bus signals in the field programmable device, and outputting the optical signal conversion 1553B bus signals to a 1553B transceiver and an isolation transformer.
The optical signal converting 1553B signal module in the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter recognizes an effective message through detection of the start synchronous head and the end synchronous head, eliminates interference pulse, restores the effective message to a differential signal of the 1553B bus, outputs the differential signal to the 1553B transceiver, and simultaneously outputs a transmission enabling mark to the 1553B signal converting optical signal module.
First, the detection of the synchronization header is initiated, the start of the message is identified, and the interference pulses are eliminated.
And secondly, recovering the 1553B bus differential signal, taking the received optical signal out of the initial synchronous head as a positive signal of the 1553B bus differential signal, inverting the signals between the initial synchronous head and the end synchronous head, and supplementing the first pulse of the message as a negative signal of the 1553B bus differential signal to simply and accurately recover the 1553B bus differential signal.
And finally, finishing the detection of the synchronous head, identifying the end of the message, removing the synchronous head, and finishing the forwarding of the message.
And 8, connecting a second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter to a stub of a main cable or coupler of the 1553B bus Y through a 1553B transceiver and an isolation transformer according to the step 1, and outputting 1553B bus signals to the 1553B bus Y. And (3) connecting the termination resistor of the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter according to the step 2.
And 9, transmitting signals of the 1553B bus Y to the 1553B bus X through optical fibers. The implementation methods of the two adapters are identical, and each adapter can convert the 1553B bus signal into an optical signal and convert the optical signal into the 1553B bus signal. Similarly, the signal of the 1553B bus Y can be transmitted to the 1553B bus X through the optical fiber in the same manner as the steps above, and the transmission of the primary message is finished.
And 10, resetting the 1553B signal to optical signal module and the optical signal to 1553B signal module in the adapter by errors, and resetting the 1553B signal to optical signal module and the optical signal to 1553B signal module when errors are detected in the generated optical signal or the recovered 1553B signal or the pulse width of the signal is incorrect, so that the errors are recovered.
Through the steps, the 1553B bus signal can be transmitted remotely through the optical fiber.
A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers is characterized in that: a terminal resistor and a relay switch are designed in the 1553B photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter, if the adapter is connected with a 1553B main cable, the relay switch is controlled to be closed, and the terminal resistor is connected to the tail end of the 1553B main cable; if the relay switch is connected to the stub of the coupler, the relay switch is normally open, and the termination resistor is not used, so that the remote transmission of 1553B main cables or the stub is realized.
A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers is characterized in that: the 1553B photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is provided with a 1553B bus signal acquisition circuit which is used for acquiring 1553B bus voltage.
A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers is characterized in that: the 1553B bus signal to optical signal and the optical signal to 1553B bus signal conversion are realized in a field programmable device.
A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers is characterized in that: and the 1553B bus receives and transmits signals, and a transmitting enabling mark is output to the 1553B signal-to-optical signal module through the optical signal-to-1553B signal module, and the 1553B signal-to-optical signal module takes the transmitting enabling mark as receiving enabling, and the signal phase of the receiving 1553B transceiver is distinguished from the signal phase of the receiving 1553B transceiver, so that the transmitting signals and the receiving signals are simply and effectively distinguished.
A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers is characterized in that: shaping of the 1553B signal waveform aligns the edges of the two differential signals of the 1553B transceiver.
A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers is characterized in that: identification of the beginning and end of the message, the state of the 1553B differential signal is: the method comprises the steps of detecting the two differential signals of 1553B to be in a high level or a low level, and when the effective voltage values of N points are collected, detecting the two differential signals of 1553B to be in a low level or idle state at the same time, or detecting the voltage values in N zero point ranges, when the two differential signals of 1553B are detected to be in a message ending, detecting the start and the end of the message through the state of the differential signals of 1553B and the collected voltage values together, effectively eliminating trailing influence, and avoiding the trailing waveform of the end of the message from being forwarded, so that message errors occur in the whole 1553B bus system.
A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers is characterized in that: when the addition of the initial synchronization head and the end synchronization head is converted into optical signals, the initial synchronization head is added at the beginning of a message, and the end synchronization head is added at the end of the message, so that the message can be effectively identified from the optical signals, interference pulses are eliminated, meanwhile, in order to shorten conversion delay, the initial synchronization head does not occupy bus time, is used as a front part signal of a first pulse of the message for transmission, and the first pulse of the message is distinguished to be high level or low level through the two types of initial synchronization heads.
A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers is characterized in that: and recovering the 1553B bus signals, namely removing the received optical signals to obtain a start synchronization head and an end synchronization head as positive signals of the 1553B bus differential signals, inverting the signals between the start synchronization head and the end synchronization head, and supplementing the first pulse of the message to obtain negative signals of the 1553B bus differential signals, so that the 1553B bus differential signals are recovered simply and accurately.
A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers is characterized in that: the conversion delay is little, and real-time is high, and the conversion delay includes: the delay of the hardware circuit and the conversion delay of the field programmable device are shortened as much as possible, the time of the 1553B bus signal synchronization head is 3us, if the delay is more than 3us by detecting the synchronization head, the delay is too large, the start and the end of the message are detected by the state of the 1553B differential signal and the voltage value acquired by the bus acquisition module, the delay can be shortened, and the conversion delay of the field programmable device is reduced to ns level which is less than 900ns.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the 1553B buses are transmitted through the optical fibers through the two 1553B photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapters, the transmission distance can reach kilometer level, and the anti-interference performance is high. The terminal resistor and the relay switch are designed in the adapter, so that the remote transmission of a 1553B main cable and a stub can be realized, and the application requirement of 1553B bus topology is met. And a bus signal acquisition circuit is designed in the adapter to acquire 1553B bus voltage. The start and end detection of the message is carried out by the 1553B signal and the collected voltage value in the field programmable device, so that the influence of message tailing can be eliminated, message errors caused by the transmission of tailing waveforms on a bus are avoided, the delay is shortened, and the conversion delay of the field programmable device is reduced to ns level. Meanwhile, by adding the initial synchronization head and the end synchronization head, 1553B bus signals can be more accurately and effectively identified and recovered from the optical signals, and the influence of interference pulses is eliminated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a 1553B photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic connection diagram for implementing 1553B bus remote transmission according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of converting 1553B signals into optical signals according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of converting an optical signal into a 1553B signal according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers, which is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention is a schematic block diagram of a 1553B photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter, which is a method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers, and the 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is used for converting 1553B bus signals into optical signals and converting the optical signals into 1553B bus signals, so that the 1553B bus is transmitted through the optical fibers. The 1553B photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is designed with two independent channels, and can realize photoelectric bidirectional conversion of one-channel double-redundancy 1553B channel or two independent 1553B channels. The circuit is as follows: the device comprises a first channel isolation transformer 1, a 1553B transceiver 2, a terminal resistor 14, a relay switch 15 and an optical module 11, a second channel isolation transformer 3, a 1553B transceiver 4, a terminal resistor 16, a relay switch 17, an optical module 12, a bus signal acquisition circuit 5 and a field programmable device 13. The field programmable device 13 is composed of: the bus signal acquisition module 6 comprises a 1553B signal-to-light signal module 7, a light signal-to-1553B signal module 8 of a first channel, a 1553B signal-to-light signal module 9 of a second channel and a light signal-to-1553B signal module 10.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to realize a connection schematic diagram of the 1553B bus remote transmission, a method for realizing the 1553B bus remote transmission through an optical fiber is realized based on two 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapters, and the two adapters are completely identical in realization mode. Wherein the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 20 is connected to the 1553B bus X, the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 21 is connected to the far-end 1553B bus Y, and the two adapters are connected through optical fibers. The first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 20 converts the signal of the 1553B bus X into an optical signal, the optical signal is transmitted to the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 21 through an optical fiber, and the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 21 converts the optical signal into a 1553B bus signal and transmits the 1553B bus signal to the 1553 bus Y. Similarly, the signal of the 1553B bus Y can be transmitted to the 1553B bus X through the optical fiber. The 1553B bus X is an original 1553B bus, the 1553B bus Y is an extended 1553B bus, and a plurality of terminal devices can be externally connected to the 1553B bus Y through couplers, so that the extension of the transmission distance between a 1553B main cable and a stub is realized.
Taking terminal equipment on a 1553B bus X as BC, taking terminal equipment on a 1553B bus Y as RT, sending a BCRT message to the RT by the BC, and taking a first channel as an example to illustrate the detailed steps of a method for realizing the 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
step 1, a stub of a main cable or coupler connected to a 1553B bus through an isolation transformer 1 and a 1553B transceiver 2. The first 1553B bus photoelectric bi-directional conversion adapter 20 is connected to the stub of the main cable or coupler of the 1553B bus X through the isolation transformer 1 and the 1553B transceiver 2. The command word and the data word of the BCRT message sent by the BC on the 1553B bus X are converted into digital signals and output to the field programmable device 13, and the processing and conversion of the 1553B bus signals are performed in the field programmable device 13.
And 2, connecting the termination resistor 14. If the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 20 is connected to the main cable of the 1553B bus X, the relay switch 15 needs to be closed, and the terminal resistor 14 is connected to the tail end of the main cable of the 1553B bus X; if connected to the stub of the 1553B bus X coupler, the relay switch 15 is normally open and the termination resistor 14 is not used.
And 3, collecting 1553B bus signals. The 1553B bus signal acquisition circuit 5 in the 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 20 can simultaneously acquire the bus signal voltages of two 1553B channels and output the acquired voltage values to the field programmable device 13.
And 4, converting the command and the data in the BCRT message sent by the BC on the 1553B bus X into optical signals in the field programmable device 13, and outputting the optical signals to the optical module 11.
The bus signal acquisition module 6 in the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 20 controls the 1553B bus signal acquisition circuit 5, receives the acquired voltage value, searches the zero voltage value of the bus, and outputs the zero voltage value to the 1553B signal light conversion signal module 7. The 1553B signal-to-optical signal module 7 distinguishes the received 1553B transceiver 2 digital signal from the received signal according to the flow of fig. 3, shapes the waveform, recognizes the start and end of the message, and converts the differential signal of 1553B into an optical signal by adding a start synchronization head and an end synchronization head, and outputs the optical signal to the optical module 11.
Firstly, the 1553B bus receives and transmits signals, and as the 1553B transceiver can simultaneously receive the received signals on the bus and the transmitted signals, when the signals are transmitted as optical signals, the signals received from the bus can only be transmitted, and the transmitted signals can not be transmitted through optical fibers. The transmission enabling flag TXEN output by the optical signal converting 1553B signal module 8 is given to the 1553B signal converting module 7, and the 1553B signal converting module 7 takes the transmission enabling flag TXEN as receiving enabling, and the signal phase of the received 1553B transceiver 2 is distinguished from the signal phase of the received 1553B signal, so that the transmitted signal and the received signal are simply and effectively distinguished, only command and data in the received BCRT message are reserved, and the own transmitted signal is filtered.
Secondly, the waveform of the 1553B signal is shaped, edges of the two differential signals RX1 and RXN1 output by the 1553B transceiver 2 are not completely aligned, edges of the two signals RX1 and RXN1 are aligned by waveform shaping, and then subsequent processing is performed.
Then, the message starts to be identified, a start synchronization head is added, and the message is converted into an optical signal to be output. The state of the 1553B differential signal is: high, low, and idle states. When 1553B two differential signals RX1 and RXN1 are detected as high or low and the effective voltage values of N points are collected, the message is started. And adding the received positive signal into a starting synchronous head to output as an optical signal. In order to shorten the switching delay, the initial synchronization head does not occupy bus time and is used as a front part signal of the first pulse of the message for transmission. And distinguishes the first pulse of the message as either high or low by two types of start sync header. The first pulse of the command word is high and the start sync header is a first type of sync header.
And finally, identifying the end of the message, adding an end synchronization head, and completing forwarding of one message. When detecting 1553B that two differential signals RX1 and RXN1 are simultaneously in low level, namely in idle state, or the collected voltage values in N zero point ranges, the message is ended. And adding the received positive signal RX to end the synchronization header, and ending the forwarding of one message.
The start and the end of the message are detected through the state of the 1553B differential signal and the collected voltage value, the tailing influence can be effectively eliminated, and the phenomenon that the whole 1553B bus system generates message errors due to the fact that the tailing waveform of the message is forwarded is avoided. The initial synchronization head is added at the beginning of the message, and the end synchronization head is added at the end of the message, so that the message can be effectively identified and recovered from the optical signal, and interference pulses are eliminated.
In step 5, the optical module 11 of the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 20 converts the electrical signal into an optical signal, and transmits the command word and the data word of the BCRT message sent by the BC to the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 21 through the optical fiber.
In step 6, the optical module 11 of the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 21 converts the optical signal received from the optical fiber into an electrical signal and outputs the electrical signal to the field programmable device 13.
And 7, realizing optical signal conversion 1553B bus signals in the field programmable device 13, and outputting the optical signal conversion 1553B bus signals to the 1553B transceiver 2 and the isolation transformer 1.
The optical signal-to-1553B signal module 8 in the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 21 recognizes an effective message by detecting the start synchronization header and the end synchronization header according to the flow of fig. 4, eliminates interference pulses, restores the effective message to a 1553B bus differential signal, outputs the 1553B bus differential signal to the 1553B transceiver 2, and simultaneously outputs the transmission enable flag TXEN to the 1553B signal-to-optical signal module 7.
First, the detection of the synchronization header is initiated, the start of BCRT message sent by BC is identified, and the interference pulse is eliminated.
And secondly, recovering the 1553B bus differential signal, namely removing a start synchronization head from the received optical signal FC_RX1 to serve as a positive signal TX1 of the 1553B bus differential signal, inverting signals between the start synchronization head and the end synchronization head, and supplementing the first pulse of the message to serve as a negative signal TXN1 of the 1553B bus differential signal, so that the 1553B bus differential signal is recovered simply and accurately.
And finally, finishing detection of the synchronization header, identifying the end of the BCRT message sent by the BC, removing the synchronization header, and finishing forwarding of the command word and the data word of the BCRT message sent by the BC.
Step 8, according to step 1, the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter 21 is connected to the stub of the main cable or coupler of the 1553B bus Y through the 1553B transceiver 2 and the isolation transformer 1, and the 1553B bus signal is output to the RT of the 1553B bus Y. The termination resistor 14 of the second 1553B bus photoelectric bi-directional conversion adapter 21 is connected according to step 2.
And 9, transmitting the status word responded by the signal RT of the 1553B bus Y to the 1553B bus X through an optical fiber. The implementation methods of the two adapters are identical, and each adapter can convert the 1553B bus signal into an optical signal and convert the optical signal into the 1553B bus signal. Similarly, the signal of the 1553B bus Y can be transmitted to the 1553B bus X through the optical fiber in the same manner as the steps above, and fed back to the BC on the 1553B bus X, and one message transmission is finished.
And 10, resetting the 1553B signal to optical signal module 7 and the optical signal to 1553B signal module 8 in the adapter by mistake, and resetting the 1553B signal to optical signal module 7 and the optical signal to 1553B signal module 8 when errors are detected in the generated optical signal or the recovered 1553B signal or the pulse width of the signal is incorrect, so that the errors are recovered.
Through the steps, communication between BC on the 1553B bus X and RT on the far-end 1553B bus Y is realized through optical fibers, and long-distance transmission of 1553B bus signals through the optical fibers is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical scheme of the invention can be modified or replaced by the same, and the modified technical scheme cannot deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for realizing 1553B bus remote transmission through optical fibers is characterized in that:
the 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is used for converting 1553B bus signals into optical signals and converting the optical signals into 1553B bus signals, so that the 1553B bus is transmitted through optical fibers, the 1553B photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is designed with two independent channels, and the photoelectric bidirectional conversion of one-channel double-redundancy 1553B channel or two independent 1553B channels can be realized, and the circuit comprises: the isolation transformer of the first channel, 1553B transceiver, terminal resistor, relay switch, optical module, isolation transformer of the second channel, 1553B transceiver, terminal resistor, relay switch, optical module, bus signal acquisition circuit, and field programmable device, wherein the field programmable device comprises: the bus signal acquisition module comprises a 1553B signal-to-light signal module and an optical signal-to-1553B signal module of a first channel, and a 1553B signal-to-light signal module and an optical signal-to-1553B signal module of a second channel;
based on the realization of two 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapters, the realization method of the two adapters is completely the same, wherein the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is connected to a 1553B bus X, the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is connected to a 1553B bus Y at the far end, the two adapters are connected through optical fibers, the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter converts signals of the 1553B bus X into optical signals and transmits the optical signals to the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter through the optical fibers, the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter converts the optical signals into 1553B bus signals and transmits the 1553B bus signals to a 1553B bus Y, and the signals of the 1553B bus Y can be transmitted to the 1553B bus X through the optical fibers, wherein the 1553B bus X is an original 1553B bus, and the 1553B bus Y is an extended 1553B bus, and a plurality of terminal devices can be connected to the 1553B bus Y through a coupler, so that the extension of a 1553B main cable and a short cut-off line is realized;
the detailed steps are as follows:
step 1, connecting the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter to a main cable of a 1553B bus or a short section of a coupler through an isolation transformer and a 1553B transceiver, receiving a signal of the 1553B bus X, converting the signal into a digital signal, outputting the digital signal to a field programmable device, and processing and converting the 1553B bus signal in the field programmable device;
step 2, connecting a terminal resistor, wherein if a first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is connected to a 1553B main cable, a relay switch is controlled to be closed, and the terminal resistor is connected to the tail end of the 1553B main cable; if the relay switch is connected to the stub of the coupler, the relay switch is normally open, and the termination resistor is not used;
step 3, acquiring 1553B bus signals, wherein a 1553B bus signal acquisition circuit in the 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter can acquire bus signal voltages of two 1553B channels simultaneously and output acquired voltage values to a field programmable device;
step 4, converting 1553B bus signals into optical signals in the field programmable device, and outputting the optical signals to an optical module;
the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter comprises a bus signal acquisition module, a 1553B signal conversion module, a first optical module and a second optical module, wherein the bus signal acquisition module in the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter is used for controlling a 1553B bus signal acquisition circuit, receiving an acquired voltage value, searching a zero voltage value of a bus, outputting the zero voltage value to the 1553B signal conversion module, the 1553B signal conversion module is used for distinguishing a received digital signal of a 1553B transceiver from a transmitted signal, shaping waveforms, identifying the beginning and the end of a message, adding a beginning synchronization head and an ending synchronization head to a differential signal of the 1553B, converting the differential signal into an optical signal, and outputting the optical signal to the optical module;
firstly, the 1553B bus receives and transmits signals, and as the 1553B transceiver can simultaneously receive the received signals on the bus and the own transmitted signals, when the signals are transmitted as optical signals, the signals received from the bus can only be transmitted, the own transmitted signals can not be transmitted through optical fibers, a transmission enabling mark is output to the 1553B signal-to-optical signal module through the optical signal-to-1553B signal module, and the 1553B signal-to-optical signal module takes the transmission enabling mark as receiving enabling mark and the signal phase of the received 1553B transceiver, so that the transmitted signals and the received signals are simply and effectively distinguished;
secondly, waveform shaping is carried out on the 1553B signals, edges of two differential signals output by the 1553B transceiver are not completely aligned, the edges of the two differential signals are aligned through waveform shaping, and then subsequent processing is carried out;
then, the message starts to be identified, a start synchronization head is added, and the message is converted into an optical signal to be output, and the state of a 1553B differential signal is as follows: the method comprises the steps of adding a start synchronization head to a received positive signal as an optical signal for outputting when two differential signals of 1553B are detected to be high or low and the acquired effective voltage values of N points are detected, wherein the start synchronization head does not occupy bus time for shortening conversion delay, transmits a front part signal as a first pulse of the message, and distinguishes the first pulse of the message to be high or low through two types of start synchronization heads;
finally, identifying the end of the message, adding an end synchronization head, completing the forwarding of one message, and adding the received positive signal to the end synchronization head and ending the forwarding of one message when detecting that two differential signals of 1553B are simultaneously in a low level, namely in an idle state, or the acquired voltage values in N zero point ranges are the end of the message;
the start and the end of the message are detected through the state of the 1553B differential signal and the collected voltage value, so that the trailing effect can be effectively eliminated, the message error of the whole 1553B bus system is avoided, a start synchronization head is added at the start of the message, and an end synchronization head is added at the end of the message, thereby effectively identifying and recovering the message from the optical signal and eliminating interference pulses;
step 5, the optical module of the first 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter converts the electric signal into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal to the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter through an optical fiber;
step 6, the optical module of the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter converts the optical signal received from the optical fiber into an electrical signal and outputs the electrical signal to the field programmable device;
step 7, realizing optical signal conversion 1553B bus signals in the field programmable device, and outputting the signals to a 1553B transceiver and an isolation transformer;
the optical signal converting 1553B signal module in the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter recognizes an effective message through detection of a start synchronous head and an end synchronous head, eliminates interference pulses, restores the effective message to a differential signal of the 1553B bus, outputs the differential signal to a 1553B transceiver, and simultaneously outputs a transmission enabling mark to the 1553B signal converting optical signal module;
firstly, starting detection of a synchronous head, identifying the start of a message, and eliminating interference pulses;
secondly, recovering the 1553B bus differential signal, taking the received optical signal out of the initial synchronous head as a positive signal of the 1553B bus differential signal, inverting the signals between the initial synchronous head and the end synchronous head, and supplementing the first pulse of the message as a negative signal of the 1553B bus differential signal, so that the 1553B bus differential signal is recovered simply and accurately;
finally, the detection of the synchronization header is finished, the end of the message is identified, the synchronization header is removed, and the forwarding of the message is finished;
step 8, according to step 1, connecting a second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter to a stub of a main cable or coupler of the 1553B bus Y through a 1553B transceiver and an isolation transformer, outputting 1553B bus signals to the 1553B bus Y, and according to step 2, connecting a terminal resistor of the second 1553B bus photoelectric bidirectional conversion adapter;
step 9, the signal of the 1553B bus Y is transmitted to the 1553B bus X through an optical fiber, the implementation methods of the two adapters are identical, each adapter can convert the 1553B bus signal into an optical signal, and convert the optical signal into the 1553B bus signal, the signal of the 1553B bus Y can be transmitted to the 1553B bus X through the optical fiber in the same manner according to the steps, and one-time message transmission is finished;
step 10, an optical signal conversion module of 1553B in the adapter and an error reset of the optical signal conversion module 1553B are used for generating reset signals when errors are detected in the generated optical signals or recovered 1553B signals or the pulse width of the signals is incorrect, and resetting the optical signal conversion module of 1553B and the optical signal conversion module of 1553B so that the errors are recovered;
through the steps, the 1553B bus signals can be transmitted remotely through the optical fibers, the conversion delay is small, the real-time performance is high, and the conversion delay comprises: the delay of the hardware circuit and the conversion delay of the field programmable device are shortened as much as possible, the time of the 1553B bus signal synchronization head is 3us, if the delay is more than 3us by detecting the synchronization head, the delay is too large, the start and the end of the message are detected by the state of the 1553B differential signal and the voltage value acquired by the bus acquisition module, the delay can be shortened, and the conversion delay of the field programmable device is reduced to ns level which is less than 900ns.
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