CN114977221A - Frequency modulation control method, device and equipment for wind turbine generator and storage medium - Google Patents

Frequency modulation control method, device and equipment for wind turbine generator and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114977221A
CN114977221A CN202210823427.6A CN202210823427A CN114977221A CN 114977221 A CN114977221 A CN 114977221A CN 202210823427 A CN202210823427 A CN 202210823427A CN 114977221 A CN114977221 A CN 114977221A
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wind turbine
turbine generator
frequency modulation
wind
coefficient
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Inventor
刘洋
杨银国
于珍
陆秋瑜
伍双喜
朱誉
林英明
孟永庆
马春喆
胡雅涵
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Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
Electric Power Dispatch Control Center of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
Electric Power Dispatch Control Center of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Abstract

The invention discloses a frequency modulation control method, a frequency modulation control device, frequency modulation control equipment and a storage medium of a wind turbine generator, wherein the frequency modulation control method comprises the following steps: when a frequency accident occurs to a wind turbine generator which operates at an overspeed load reduction point in a steady state, carrying out self-adaptive primary frequency modulation according to real-time wind speed and power grid frequency deviation so as to change the rotating speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator; and in the rotating speed recovery process of a rotor in the wind turbine generator, acquiring and taking the maximum rotating speed from the rotating speed at an ideal operating point and the actual rotating speed as the operating rotating speed of the wind turbine generator according to the load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator, thereby completing primary frequency modulation of the wind turbine generator. The invention can enable the fan to release more active power, delay the process of reducing the active power of the fan from the maximum value to the steady-state value, effectively relieve the secondary drop problem of the system, and solve the technical problems that the load shedding power of the wind turbine generator set cannot be adjusted in time and the secondary drop of the power system cannot be relieved when the frequency modulation of the fan is carried out in the prior art.

Description

Frequency modulation control method, device and equipment for wind turbine generator and storage medium
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a frequency modulation control method, a frequency modulation control device, frequency modulation control equipment and a storage medium of a wind turbine generator.
Background
The wind driven generator is connected with a main power grid through power electronic equipment, and because the rotor of the wind driven generator is decoupled from the frequency change of the power grid side, the mechanical kinetic energy of the wind driven generator is not directly linked with the power grid frequency, and the wind driven generator cannot provide inertia like a synchronous generator. With the continuous improvement of wind power permeability, the fluctuation and uncertainty of wind power threaten the safe, stable and reliable operation of a power system.
At present, the most typical overspeed, load shedding and frequency modulation strategies are applied to the fan, the fan is realized through load shedding control and droop control, but the load shedding power of the fan cannot be adjusted in time, in the rotor speed reduction process, the active power corresponding to a fan load shedding tracking curve is continuously reduced, the active power reference is probably smaller, the standby capacity is difficult to be fully utilized, the frequency supporting effect of the fan is weakened, and the frequency modulation capability of the wind turbine generator can not be fully exerted. Meanwhile, the problem of secondary frequency drop is caused by excessive reduction of instantaneous power in the rotating speed recovery process.
Therefore, a frequency modulation control method capable of timely adjusting the load shedding power of the fan and relieving the secondary drop of the power system during the frequency modulation of the wind turbine generator is needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a frequency modulation control method, a frequency modulation control device, frequency modulation control equipment and a storage medium of a wind turbine generator, and aims to solve the technical problems that the load shedding power of the wind turbine generator cannot be adjusted in time and the secondary drop of a power system cannot be relieved when the frequency modulation of a fan is carried out in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a frequency modulation control method for a wind turbine, including:
when a frequency accident occurs to a wind turbine generator which operates at an overspeed load reduction point in a steady state, carrying out self-adaptive primary frequency modulation according to real-time wind speed and power grid frequency deviation so as to change the rotating speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator;
and in the rotating speed recovery process of a rotor in the wind turbine generator, acquiring and taking the maximum rotating speed from the rotating speed at an ideal operating point and the actual rotating speed as the operating rotating speed of the wind turbine generator according to the load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator, thereby completing primary frequency modulation of the wind turbine generator.
As a preferred scheme, the self-adaptive primary frequency modulation is performed according to the real-time wind speed and the frequency deviation so as to change the rotating speed of the rotor in the wind turbine generator, and specifically the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring an initial load shedding coefficient of a wind turbine generator which stably operates at an overspeed load shedding point, and calculating an actual load shedding coefficient of the wind turbine generator according to the frequency deviation of a power grid;
acquiring an initial wind energy utilization coefficient of the wind turbine generator, and calculating an actual wind energy utilization coefficient according to the actual load shedding coefficient;
calculating to obtain a rotation speed cubic coefficient of a load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator according to the actual wind energy utilization coefficient and the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine generator which stably operates at an overspeed load shedding point; wherein the tip speed ratio is determined by real-time wind speed;
and calculating the reference value of the active power output by the wind turbine generator according to the rotation speed cubic coefficient, and further carrying out self-adaptive primary frequency modulation on the wind turbine generator so as to change the rotation speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator.
As a preferred scheme, the calculation expression of the actual load shedding coefficient of the wind turbine generator is as follows:
d′％＝d％+Δd％
Figure BDA0003744646130000021
Figure BDA0003744646130000022
wherein d' percent is an actual load shedding coefficient, d percent is an initial load shedding coefficient, delta P is standby power used by primary frequency modulation control of the wind turbine generator, and P opt Power selected for primary frequency modulation control of wind turbine generator, K 1 Is Δ d% and Δ f * Coefficient of proportionality between, Δ f * For grid frequency deviation, Δ f max * The maximum value of the grid frequency deviation.
Preferably, the calculation expression of the actual wind energy utilization coefficient is as follows:
C p ′＝(1-d′％)C pmax
wherein, C pmax Is the maximum value of the initial wind energy utilization coefficient, C p ' is the actual wind energy utilization factor.
Preferably, the calculation expression of the rotation speed cubic coefficient is as follows:
Figure BDA0003744646130000031
Figure BDA0003744646130000032
wherein, k' (C) p ', lambda ') is a rotation speed cubic coefficient, rho is air density, omega ' is the rotor rotation speed corresponding to lambda ' when the wind turbine runs, v is real-time wind speed, lambda ' is the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine, and R is the radius of the blade surface of the wind turbine.
As a preferred scheme, the calculation expression of the reference value of the active power output by the wind turbine generator is as follows:
P ref ＝k′(C p ′,λ′)ω′
wherein, P ref And outputting an active power reference value for the wind turbine generator, wherein omega 'is the rotor rotating speed corresponding to lambda' when the wind turbine generator operates.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a frequency modulation control device of the wind turbine generator, which comprises: the device comprises a frequency modulation module and a rotating speed recovery module;
the frequency modulation module is used for carrying out self-adaptive primary frequency modulation according to real-time wind speed and power grid frequency deviation when a frequency accident occurs to the wind turbine generator which operates at an overspeed load shedding point in a steady state, so that the rotating speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator is changed;
and the rotating speed recovery module is used for acquiring and taking the maximum rotating speed from the rotating speed at an ideal operating point and the actual rotating speed as the operating rotating speed of the wind turbine generator according to the load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator in the rotating speed recovery process of the rotor in the wind turbine generator, so as to finish primary frequency modulation of the wind turbine generator.
As a preferred scheme, the self-adaptive primary frequency modulation is performed according to the real-time wind speed and the frequency deviation so as to change the rotating speed of the rotor in the wind turbine generator, and specifically the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring an initial load shedding coefficient of a wind turbine generator which operates at an overspeed load shedding point in a steady state, and calculating an actual load shedding coefficient of the wind turbine generator according to the frequency deviation of a power grid;
acquiring an initial wind energy utilization coefficient of the wind turbine generator, and calculating an actual wind energy utilization coefficient according to the actual load shedding coefficient;
calculating to obtain a rotation speed cubic coefficient of a load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator according to the actual wind energy utilization coefficient and the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine generator which stably operates at an overspeed load shedding point; wherein the tip speed ratio is determined by a real-time wind speed;
and calculating the reference value of the active power output by the wind turbine generator according to the rotation speed cubic coefficient, and further carrying out self-adaptive primary frequency modulation on the wind turbine generator so as to change the rotation speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator.
As a preferred scheme, the calculation expression of the actual load shedding coefficient of the wind turbine generator is as follows:
d′％＝d％+Δd％
Figure BDA0003744646130000041
Figure BDA0003744646130000042
wherein d% is an initial load shedding coefficient, delta P is standby power used for primary frequency modulation control of the wind turbine generator, and P is opt Power selected for primary frequency modulation control of wind turbine generator, K 1 Is Δ d% and Δ f * Coefficient of proportionality between, Δ f * For grid frequency deviation, Δ f max * The maximum value of the grid frequency deviation.
Preferably, the calculation expression of the actual wind energy utilization coefficient is as follows:
C p ′＝(1-d′％)C pmax
wherein, C pmax Is the maximum value of the initial wind energy utilization coefficient, C p ' is the actual wind energy utilization factor.
Preferably, the calculation expression of the rotation speed cubic coefficient is as follows:
Figure BDA0003744646130000043
Figure BDA0003744646130000044
wherein, k' (C) p ', lambda ') is a rotation speed cubic coefficient, rho is air density, omega ' is the rotor rotation speed corresponding to lambda ' when the wind turbine runs, v is real-time wind speed, lambda ' is the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine, and R is the radius of the blade surface of the wind turbine.
As a preferred scheme, the calculation expression of the reference value of the active power output by the wind turbine generator is as follows:
P ref ＝k′(C p ′,λ′)ω′
wherein, P ref And outputting an active power reference value for the wind turbine generator, wherein omega 'is the rotor rotating speed corresponding to lambda' when the wind turbine generator operates.
Correspondingly, the invention further provides a terminal device, which includes a processor, a memory and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein the processor implements the frequency modulation control method of the wind turbine generator set according to any one of the above items when executing the computer program.
As a preferable scheme, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, and when the computer program runs, a device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the frequency modulation control method for a wind turbine generator set according to any one of the above descriptions.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the technical scheme, the active power added and generated by the wind turbine generator in the process of simulating primary frequency modulation dynamic is not only proportional to the frequency deviation, but also related to the wind speed, so that the aim of self-adapting primary frequency modulation of the fan according to the wind energy capturing capacity of the fan under different wind speeds is fulfilled, meanwhile, the load shedding power of the fan is effectively reduced, the power generated by the wind turbine generator is fully utilized, and the wind turbine generator has better economy. In the process of accelerating the rotor of the wind turbine generator, the invention can enable the fan to release more active power, delay the process of reducing the active power of the fan from the maximum value to the steady-state value, provide auxiliary frequency support for the system, effectively relieve the problem of secondary falling of the system and fully exert the frequency support capability of the wind turbine generator.
Drawings
FIG. 1: is a typical overspeed load shedding control strategy in the prior art;
FIG. 2: is a schematic diagram of a typical overspeed load shedding control principle in the prior art;
FIG. 3: the step flow chart of the frequency modulation control method of the wind turbine generator is provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4: the overspeed load shedding control strategy of the mobile load shedding power tracking curve provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5: the method comprises the steps of calculating a self-adaptive primary frequency modulation in the frequency modulation control method of the wind turbine generator set provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6: the overspeed load shedding control principle schematic diagram of the mobile load shedding power tracking curve provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of: the invention relates to a fan grid-connected simulation circuit diagram in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8: the frequency relation graph of the system when the wind speed is unchanged in the simulation of the embodiment of the invention is shown;
FIG. 9: the relationship graph of the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan when the wind speed is not changed in the simulation of the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10: the active power relation graph of the fan output by the fan at the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan when the wind speed is not changed in the simulation of the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11: the frequency relation graph of the system when the wind speed is gradually changed in the simulation of the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12: the relationship graph of the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan when the wind speed is gradually changed in the simulation of the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13: the active power relation graph is an active power relation graph output by a fan at the rotating speed of a fan rotor when the wind speed is gradually changed in the simulation of the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 14: the embodiment of the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a frequency modulation control device of a wind turbine generator.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The existing typical fan overspeed load shedding control strategy is shown in figure 1, and the load shedding power P is del On the basis of the analog primary frequency modulation characteristic, additional power delta P (K) is introduced to simulate the primary frequency modulation characteristic w Delta f is used for adjusting the given value of the active power of the converter on the rotor side of the fan, and the principle of the delta f is shown in figure 2; wherein, K w For the droop coefficient, Δ f is the frequency offset. Before the system frequency droop event begins, the wind turbine operates according to the load shedding power tracking curve at point B in fig. 2. When the system is under-frequency, additional power is added to the power tracking reference value, the electromagnetic power of the fan is larger than the mechanical power, and the fan starts to decelerate to the C operating point in the figure 2. In the process of rotor deceleration, active power P corresponding to the fan load shedding tracking curve del The continuous reduction is likely to cause the wind turbine to output the active power reference value P ref And the fan is small, so that the spare capacity is difficult to be fully utilized, and the frequency supporting effect of the fan is weakened.
Example one
Referring to fig. 3, a frequency modulation control method for a wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps S101 to S102:
s101: when the frequency accident occurs to the wind turbine generator which operates at the overspeed load shedding point in a steady state, self-adaptive primary frequency modulation is carried out according to the real-time wind speed and the power grid frequency deviation, so that the rotating speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator is changed.
It should be noted that, before a frequency accident occurs in the power system, the fan is in a load shedding operation state, and the load shedding coefficient d% is as follows:
Figure BDA0003744646130000071
in the formula, P m_del The mechanical power/W of the fan during the load shedding operation; p MPPT And the active power/W corresponding to the maximum power tracking point of the fan is obtained.
When the fan stably operates in the load shedding state, the mechanical power and the active power reference value can be respectively expressed as:
Figure BDA0003744646130000072
Figure BDA0003744646130000073
C p_del ＝(1-d％)C pmax
Figure BDA0003744646130000074
wherein S ═ π R 2 Area/m swept by the wind wheel 2 R is the radius of the wind wheel of the wind turbine generator; rho is air density/kg m －3 (ii) a v is the wind speed/m.s before the air enters the swept surface of the wind turbine －1 ；λ del The tip speed ratio during load shedding operation.
When a frequency fault occurs in the wind turbine generator, for example, a system frequency drop fault is taken as an example, the system frequency of the wind turbine generator is reduced, the wind turbine generator performs adaptive primary frequency modulation according to the wind speed and the system frequency offset, the kinetic energy stored in the rotor is fully released by controlling the output active power reference value, the rotating speed of the rotor of the fan is reduced, the grid frequency is supported for a short time, and the control strategy is shown in fig. 4.
As a preferred scheme, referring to fig. 5, the performing adaptive primary frequency modulation according to the real-time wind speed and the frequency deviation to change the rotation speed of the rotor in the wind turbine generator specifically includes the following steps S201 to S204:
s201: the method comprises the steps of obtaining an initial load shedding coefficient of the wind turbine generator which stably runs at an overspeed load shedding point, and calculating an actual load shedding coefficient of the wind turbine generator according to the frequency deviation of a power grid.
It should be noted that, referring to fig. 4, the control strategy defines the load shedding factor adjustment caused by the additional primary frequency modulation control to be Δ d%, and Δ f * Proportional relation, where Δ P is the reserve power used for primary frequency modulation control of the fan, K 1 Is Δ d% and Δ f * The proportionality coefficient therebetween.
As a preferred scheme, the calculation expression of the actual load shedding coefficient of the wind turbine generator is as follows:
d′％＝d％+Δd％
Figure BDA0003744646130000081
Figure BDA0003744646130000082
wherein d' percent is an actual load shedding coefficient, d percent is an initial load shedding coefficient, delta P is standby power used by primary frequency modulation control of the wind turbine generator, and P opt Power selected for primary frequency modulation control of wind turbine generator, K 1 Is Δ d% and Δ f * Coefficient of proportionality between, Δ f * For grid frequency deviation, Δ f max * The maximum value of the frequency deviation of the power grid; wherein, Δ f max * The value of (b) is determined by the operating frequency range requirement of the wind turbine system.
The per unit value K of the unit adjusting power of the fan at the moment w * Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003744646130000083
s202: and acquiring an initial wind energy utilization coefficient of the wind turbine generator, and calculating an actual wind energy utilization coefficient according to the actual load shedding coefficient.
Preferably, the calculation expression of the actual wind energy utilization coefficient is as follows:
C p ′＝(1-d′％)C pmax
wherein, C pmax Is the maximum value of the initial wind energy utilization coefficient, C p ' is the actual wind energy utilization factor.
It should be noted that the wind energy utilization factor is related to the tip speed ratio λ, and therefore C can be obtained p And λ. When C is known p When, can be according to C p The lambda curve finds out two corresponding lambdas, and only the larger lambdas need to be reserved under the overspeed load shedding control, so that C can be obtained p -a one-to-one correspondence of λ.
S203: calculating to obtain a rotation speed cubic coefficient of a load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator according to the actual wind energy utilization coefficient and the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine generator which stably operates at an overspeed load shedding point; wherein the tip speed ratio is determined from real-time wind speed.
Preferably, the calculation expression of the rotation speed cubic coefficient is as follows:
Figure BDA0003744646130000091
Figure BDA0003744646130000092
wherein, k' (C) p ', lambda ') is a rotation speed cubic coefficient, rho is air density, omega ' is the rotor rotation speed corresponding to lambda ' when the wind turbine runs, v is real-time wind speed, lambda ' is the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine, and R is the radius of the blade surface of the wind turbine.
In addition, according to C in step S202 p -lambda curve, and C p -a one-to-one correspondence of λ, C thus calculated p 'look-up table to obtain corresponding lambda' and further obtain the rotation speed cubic coefficient of the corresponding load shedding power tracking curve.
S204: and calculating the reference value of the active power output by the wind turbine generator according to the rotation speed cubic coefficient, and further carrying out self-adaptive primary frequency modulation on the wind turbine generator so as to change the rotation speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator.
As a preferred scheme, the calculation expression of the reference value of the active power output by the wind turbine generator is as follows:
P ref ＝k′(C p ′,λ′)ω′
wherein, P ref And outputting an active power reference value for the wind turbine generator, wherein omega 'is the rotor rotating speed corresponding to lambda' when the fan operates.
S102: and in the rotating speed recovery process of a rotor in the wind turbine generator, acquiring and taking the maximum rotating speed from the rotating speed at an ideal operating point and the actual rotating speed as the operating rotating speed of the wind turbine generator according to the load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator, thereby completing primary frequency modulation of the wind turbine generator.
It should be noted that when the inertia of the fan is not considered, ω is r When the wind turbine generator operates, the reference value of the active power output by the fan is equal to the mechanical power, and the expression of the active power increased by the fan at a certain moment in the frequency response period is as follows:
Figure BDA0003744646130000093
Figure BDA0003744646130000094
according to the formula, the active power increased by the fan in the process of simulating the primary frequency modulation dynamic is not only proportional to the frequency deviation, but also related to the wind speed. Therefore, the control strategy in the embodiment of the invention realizes the aim of self-adaptive primary frequency modulation according to the capability of the wind turbine generator for capturing wind energy at different wind speeds. Meanwhile, in the stage of system frequency reduction, the droop control scheme is improved, in the process of gradually recovering the system frequency, the fan releases more active power, the recovery speed of the rotor speed is slowed down, and therefore the process of reducing the active power of the fan from the maximum value to the steady-state value is also delayed, the fan fully releases the active power when the system frequency is recovered, and more frequency supports are provided for the system.
It should be noted that, when the inertia of the fan is considered, the actual speed ω of the rotor is considered ra Will be less than the rotational speed omega corresponding to the ideal operating point r ', if ω is ra Corresponding to the active reference value of the fan r The active power output by the fan in the frequency response process can be increased and the acceleration process of the rotor can be delayed by corresponding to the active reference value of the fan. From the above analysis, it can be seen that, in the acceleration or deceleration process, each load shedding power tracking curve corresponds to two rotation speeds, i.e. the rotation speed ω at the ideal operation point r ' and actual rotational speed omega r And the maximum rotating speed in the two is substituted into an expression of the active power reference value output by the fan, the fan releases more active power, the process that the active power of the fan is reduced from the maximum value to the steady-state value is delayed, auxiliary frequency support is provided for the system, the secondary falling problem of the system is effectively relieved, and the fan can achieve a better frequency support effect.
It can be understood that the principle of the control strategy provided by the embodiment of the invention is as shown in fig. 6, when the fan simulates the primary frequency modulation dynamic characteristic, the rotor speed is firstly reduced and then added, and finally, the original operation point is restored to be close. During rotor deceleration, the fan operating point will move according to the solid line passing through point 1. Referring to the modified control strategy shown in dashed outline in FIG. 4, the fan power setpoint P is increased during rotor acceleration ref To improve the fan frequency support performance. During the acceleration of the rotor, the actual speed ω of the rotor, taking into account the inertia of the fan ra Will be less than the rotational speed omega corresponding to the ideal operating point r ', the active reference value of the fan is the active power P corresponding to the point 5 refa The mechanical power reference value is the power corresponding to the point 6, and the point 7 is the primary frequency modulation steady-state working point of the fan. At this time, if ω is to be measured ra By omega r ' then not only can increase the active power output by the fan in the frequency response process (the operating point is changed from point 5 to point 4, the active power output by the fan is changed from P refa Is changed into P ref ') can also delay the rotorThe acceleration process of (1). From the above analysis, it can be seen that, no matter during acceleration or deceleration, each load shedding power tracking curve corresponds to two rotation speeds, i.e., the ideal operation point rotation speed ω r ' and actual rotational speed omega r And the maximum rotating speed of the fan and the fan is taken, so that the fan can achieve a better frequency supporting effect.
The above embodiment is implemented, and has the following effects:
according to the technical scheme, the active power added and generated by the wind turbine generator in the process of simulating primary frequency modulation dynamic is not only proportional to the frequency deviation, but also related to the wind speed, so that the aim of self-adapting primary frequency modulation of the fan according to the wind energy capturing capacity of the fan under different wind speeds is fulfilled, meanwhile, the load shedding power of the fan is effectively reduced, the power generated by the wind turbine generator is fully utilized, and the wind turbine generator has better economy. In the process of accelerating the rotor of the wind turbine generator, the invention can enable the fan to release more active power, delay the process of reducing the active power of the fan from the maximum value to the steady-state value, provide auxiliary frequency support for the system, effectively relieve the problem of secondary falling of the system and fully exert the frequency support capability of the wind turbine generator.
Example two
According to the embodiment of the invention, simulation research is carried out on the frequency modulation control method of the wind turbine generator set in the first embodiment, and by taking the example that a wind power plant of 100 2MW double-fed wind turbines is connected to the grid through a 100km transmission line, the load connected at the middle section of the line is 240MW +20 Mvar. Specific parameters of the simulation model can be seen in table 1, and a fan grid-connected simulation circuit diagram is shown in fig. 7.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003744646130000111
Figure BDA0003744646130000121
Next, simulation experiments for various load shedding control strategies at a steady-state wind speed of 8m/s were performed. And setting a scheme I as a constant load shedding power tracking curve control strategy, a scheme II as a variable load shedding power tracking curve control strategy, and a scheme III as an improved control strategy of the scheme II. The three schemes use the same sag factor,
wherein K 1 -5, equivalent unit regulated power of
Figure BDA0003744646130000122
When the t is 5s, the load of 10MW +1Mvar is suddenly increased, and the simulation results of the dynamic response and the system frequency response of the fan under different overspeed load shedding control frequency modulation schemes are shown in FIGS. 8-10.
As seen from the graph 8, the fan overspeed load reduction control has a very strong auxiliary supporting effect on the system frequency, the effect of the scheme II and the improvement scheme is the best, and the lowest point of the frequency is lifted to 49.61Hz from 49.14Hz under the non-control scheme. As can be seen from fig. 9 and 10, the steady-state frequency of the system is 49.92 Hz. Regulating power according to unit
Figure BDA0003744646130000123
The steady-state frequency deviation of 0.08Hz is corresponding to the increase of the steady-state active power of the fan by 0.00336pu, the steady-state output of the fan in the scheme II and the improved scheme is in accordance with the expected steady-state frequency response of the system, and the steady-state power of the fan corresponding to the scheme I is obviously lower. When the frequency is reduced, the active power output by the fan is increased, the first scheme is increased by 0.016pu, the second scheme and the improved droop control are increased by 0.033pu, and therefore the control scheme of the variable load-shedding power tracking curve can better explore the frequency supporting potential of the fan and enable the fan to emit more active power in the system frequency dropping process. During the period of system frequency reduction, the difference between the second scheme and the improved droop control scheme is not large, and during the process of gradually recovering the system frequency, the fan releases more active power under the improved scheme than the second scheme, as shown by the shaded part in fig. 9. According to fig. 10, the improvement slows down the recovery speed of the rotor speed, thereby also slowing down the process of reducing the active power of the fan from the maximum value to the steady-state value, so that the fan fully releases the active power when the system frequency recovers, and provides auxiliary frequency support for the system.
To further verify the effectiveness of the improved control strategy, a set of 120-second fluctuating wind speed data is selected below, and simulation results under various load shedding control schemes when the wind speed fluctuates are obtained, as shown in fig. 11-13. According to the graph 11, the lowest point of the frequency of the fan is lower than 49Hz when the no-control scheme and the scheme I are adopted, and the lowest point of the frequency of the scheme II and the scheme III is 49.21Hz, so that the fan can have stronger frequency supporting capacity by the variable load-shedding control curve control scheme. As can be seen from fig. 12 and 13, the speed of the rotor of the fan changes more slowly under the improved control scheme during the whole frequency response process, and the fan can output more active power. In the two frequency recovery processes, the time for the improved control scheme to reach the lower limit of frequency fluctuation 49.8Hz in the normal operation of the system is respectively 4.9s and 7.7s earlier than the time for the scheme II to reach the lower limit of frequency fluctuation 49.8Hz in the normal operation of the system, and therefore under the condition of gradual change of wind speed, the improved control strategy can enable the fan to have better dynamic frequency regulation capacity, and the system frequency is quickly recovered to the normal operation range.
EXAMPLE III
Correspondingly, referring to fig. 14, the present invention further provides a frequency modulation control apparatus for a wind turbine, including: a frequency modulation module 301 and a rotation speed recovery module 302.
The frequency modulation module 301 is configured to, when a frequency accident occurs in a wind turbine generator that operates in a steady state at an overspeed load reduction point, perform adaptive primary frequency modulation according to a real-time wind speed and a power grid frequency deviation, so as to change a rotation speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator.
The rotating speed recovery module 302 is configured to, in a rotating speed recovery process of a rotor in the wind turbine, obtain and obtain a maximum rotating speed from an ideal operating point rotating speed and an actual rotating speed according to a load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine, and use the maximum rotating speed as an operating rotating speed of the wind turbine, thereby completing primary frequency modulation of the wind turbine.
As a preferred scheme, the self-adaptive primary frequency modulation is performed according to the real-time wind speed and the frequency deviation so as to change the rotating speed of the rotor in the wind turbine generator, and specifically the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring an initial load shedding coefficient of a wind turbine generator which operates at an overspeed load shedding point in a steady state, and calculating an actual load shedding coefficient of the wind turbine generator according to the frequency deviation of a power grid; acquiring an initial wind energy utilization coefficient of the wind turbine generator, and calculating an actual wind energy utilization coefficient according to the actual load shedding coefficient; calculating to obtain a rotation speed cubic coefficient of a load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator according to the actual wind energy utilization coefficient and the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine generator which stably operates at an overspeed load shedding point; wherein the tip speed ratio is determined by real-time wind speed; and calculating the reference value of the active power output by the wind turbine generator according to the rotation speed cubic coefficient, and further carrying out self-adaptive primary frequency modulation on the wind turbine generator so as to change the rotation speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator.
As a preferred scheme, the calculation expression of the actual load shedding coefficient of the wind turbine generator is as follows:
d′％＝d％+Δd％
Figure BDA0003744646130000141
Figure BDA0003744646130000142
wherein d% is an initial load shedding coefficient, delta P is standby power used for primary frequency modulation control of the wind turbine generator, and P is opt Power selected for primary frequency modulation control of wind turbine generator, K 1 Is Δ d% and Δ f * Coefficient of proportionality between, Δ f * For grid frequency deviation, Δ f max * The maximum value of the grid frequency deviation.
Preferably, the calculation expression of the actual wind energy utilization coefficient is as follows:
C p ′＝(1-d′％)C pmax
wherein, C pmax Is the maximum value of the initial wind energy utilization coefficient, C p ' is the actual wind energy utilization factor.
Preferably, the calculation expression of the rotation speed cubic coefficient is as follows:
Figure BDA0003744646130000143
Figure BDA0003744646130000144
wherein, k' (C) p ', lambda') is a rotation speed cubic coefficient, rho is air density, omega 'is the real-time rotation speed of a rotor in the wind turbine, v is the real-time wind speed, lambda' is the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine, and R is the radius of the blade surface of the wind turbine.
As a preferred scheme, the calculation expression of the reference value of the active power output by the wind turbine generator is as follows:
P ref ＝k′(C p ′,λ′)ω′
wherein, P ref And outputting an active power reference value for the wind turbine generator.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working process of the apparatus described above may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
The above embodiment is implemented, and has the following effects:
according to the technical scheme, the active power added and generated by the wind turbine generator in the process of simulating primary frequency modulation dynamic is not only proportional to the frequency deviation, but also related to the wind speed, so that the aim of self-adapting primary frequency modulation of the fan according to the wind energy capturing capacity of the fan under different wind speeds is fulfilled, meanwhile, the load shedding power of the fan is effectively reduced, the power generated by the wind turbine generator is fully utilized, and the wind turbine generator has better economy. In the process of accelerating the rotor of the wind turbine generator, the invention can enable the fan to release more active power, delay the process of reducing the active power of the fan from the maximum value to the steady-state value, provide auxiliary frequency support for the system, effectively relieve the problem of secondary falling of the system and fully exert the frequency support capability of the wind turbine generator.
EXAMPLE III
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a terminal device, comprising: the frequency modulation control method of the wind turbine generator set comprises a processor, a memory and a computer program which is stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the frequency modulation control method of the wind turbine generator set according to any one of the above embodiments.
The terminal device of this embodiment includes: a processor, a memory, and a computer program, computer instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor. The processor implements the steps in the first embodiment, such as steps S101 to S102 shown in fig. 1, when executing the computer program. Alternatively, the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the functions of the modules/units in the above-described apparatus embodiments, such as the frequency modulation module 301.
Illustratively, the computer program may be partitioned into one or more modules/units that are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to implement the invention. The one or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, which are used for describing the execution process of the computer program in the terminal device. For example, the frequency modulation module 301 is configured to, when a frequency accident occurs in a wind turbine generator that operates in a steady state at an overspeed and load reduction point, perform adaptive primary frequency modulation according to a real-time wind speed and a power grid frequency deviation, so as to change a rotation speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator.
The terminal device can be a desktop computer, a notebook, a palm computer, a cloud server and other computing devices. The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a processor, a memory. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the schematic diagrams are merely examples of a terminal device and do not constitute a limitation of a terminal device, and may include more or fewer components than those shown, or some components may be combined, or different components, for example, the terminal device may further include an input output device, a network access device, a bus, etc.
The Processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like, said processor being the control center of said terminal device, and various interfaces and lines are used to connect the various parts of the whole terminal device.
The memory may be used to store the computer programs and/or modules, and the processor may implement various functions of the terminal device by running or executing the computer programs and/or modules stored in the memory and calling data stored in the memory. The memory may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function, and the like; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the mobile terminal, and the like. In addition, the memory may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, a Flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.
Wherein, the terminal device integrated module/unit can be stored in a computer readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method embodiments may be implemented. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, U.S. disk, removable hard disk, magnetic diskette, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signal, telecommunications signal, and software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the computer readable medium may contain content that is subject to appropriate increase or decrease as required by legislation and patent practice in jurisdictions, for example, in some jurisdictions, computer readable media does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals as is required by legislation and patent practice.
Example four
Correspondingly, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, where when the computer program runs, the apparatus on which the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the frequency modulation control method for a wind turbine generator set according to any one of the above embodiments.
The above-mentioned embodiments are provided to further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which come within the spirit and principle of the invention, may occur to those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A frequency modulation control method of a wind turbine generator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when a frequency accident occurs to a wind turbine generator which operates at an overspeed load reduction point in a steady state, carrying out self-adaptive primary frequency modulation according to real-time wind speed and power grid frequency deviation so as to change the rotating speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator;
and in the rotating speed recovery process of a rotor in the wind turbine generator, acquiring and taking the maximum rotating speed from the rotating speed at an ideal operating point and the actual rotating speed as the operating rotating speed of the wind turbine generator according to the load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator, thereby completing primary frequency modulation of the wind turbine generator.
2. A frequency modulation control method of a wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive primary frequency modulation is performed according to the real-time wind speed and the frequency deviation so as to change the rotation speed of the rotor in the wind turbine, specifically:
acquiring an initial load shedding coefficient of a wind turbine generator which operates at an overspeed load shedding point in a steady state, and calculating an actual load shedding coefficient of the wind turbine generator according to the frequency deviation of a power grid;
acquiring an initial wind energy utilization coefficient of the wind turbine generator, and calculating an actual wind energy utilization coefficient according to the actual load shedding coefficient;
calculating to obtain a rotation speed cubic coefficient of a load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator according to the actual wind energy utilization coefficient and the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine generator which stably operates at an overspeed load shedding point; wherein the tip speed ratio is determined by real-time wind speed;
and calculating the reference value of the active power output by the wind turbine generator according to the rotation speed cubic coefficient, and further carrying out self-adaptive primary frequency modulation on the wind turbine generator so as to change the rotation speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator.
3. A frequency modulation control method for a wind turbine generator as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the calculation expression of the actual load shedding factor of the wind turbine generator is:
d′％＝d％+Δd％
Figure FDA0003744646120000011
Figure FDA0003744646120000021
wherein d' is trueThe inter-load shedding coefficient, d% is the initial load shedding coefficient, delta P is the standby power used by the primary frequency modulation control of the wind turbine generator, P opt Power selected for primary frequency modulation control of wind turbine generator, K 1 Is Δ d% and Δ f * Coefficient of proportionality between, Δ f * For grid frequency deviation, Δ f max * The maximum value of the grid frequency deviation.
4. A frequency modulation control method for a wind turbine generator as claimed in claim 3, wherein said calculation expression of the actual wind energy utilization coefficient is:
C p ′＝(1-d′％)C pmax
wherein, C pmax Is the maximum value of the initial wind energy utilization coefficient, C p ' is the actual wind energy utilization factor.
5. A frequency modulation control method of a wind turbine generator as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the calculation expression of the rotation speed cubic coefficient is:
Figure FDA0003744646120000022
Figure FDA0003744646120000023
wherein, k' (C) p ', lambda ') is a rotation speed cubic coefficient, rho is air density, omega ' is the rotor rotation speed corresponding to lambda ' when the wind turbine runs, v is real-time wind speed, lambda ' is the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine, and R is the radius of the blade surface of the wind turbine.
6. A frequency modulation control method for a wind turbine generator as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the calculation expression of the reference value of the wind turbine generator output active power is:
P ref ＝k′(C p ′,λ′)ω′
wherein, P ref And outputting an active power reference value for the wind turbine generator, wherein epsilon 'is the rotor rotating speed corresponding to lambda' when the wind turbine generator operates.
7. The utility model provides a frequency modulation controlling means of wind turbine generator system which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a frequency modulation module and a rotating speed recovery module;
the frequency modulation module is used for carrying out self-adaptive primary frequency modulation according to real-time wind speed and power grid frequency deviation when a frequency accident occurs to the wind turbine generator which operates at an overspeed load shedding point in a steady state, so that the rotating speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator is changed;
and the rotating speed recovery module is used for acquiring and taking the maximum rotating speed from the rotating speed at an ideal operating point and the actual rotating speed as the operating rotating speed of the wind turbine generator according to the load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator in the rotating speed recovery process of the rotor in the wind turbine generator, so as to complete primary frequency modulation of the wind turbine generator.
8. A frequency modulation control device of a wind turbine generator according to claim 7, wherein the adaptive primary frequency modulation is performed according to the real-time wind speed and the frequency deviation so as to change the rotation speed of the rotor in the wind turbine generator, specifically:
acquiring an initial load shedding coefficient of a wind turbine generator which stably operates at an overspeed load shedding point, and calculating an actual load shedding coefficient of the wind turbine generator according to the frequency deviation of a power grid;
acquiring an initial wind energy utilization coefficient of the wind turbine generator, and calculating an actual wind energy utilization coefficient according to the actual load shedding coefficient;
calculating to obtain a rotation speed cubic coefficient of a load shedding power tracking curve of the wind turbine generator according to the actual wind energy utilization coefficient and the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine generator which stably operates at an overspeed load shedding point; wherein the tip speed ratio is determined by real-time wind speed;
and calculating the reference value of the active power output by the wind turbine generator according to the rotation speed cubic coefficient, and further carrying out self-adaptive primary frequency modulation on the wind turbine generator so as to change the rotation speed of a rotor in the wind turbine generator.
9. A terminal device, characterized by comprising a processor, a memory and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein the processor implements the frequency modulation control method of the wind turbine generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium comprises a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program runs, the computer-readable storage medium is controlled to execute the frequency modulation control method of the wind turbine generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
CN202210823427.6A 2022-07-13 2022-07-13 Frequency modulation control method, device and equipment for wind turbine generator and storage medium Pending CN114977221A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115473238A (en) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-13 天津大学 Wind power plant frequency modulation standby coordination control method considering wind speed difference

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115473238A (en) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-13 天津大学 Wind power plant frequency modulation standby coordination control method considering wind speed difference
CN115473238B (en) * 2022-09-27 2023-08-15 天津大学 Wind farm frequency modulation standby coordination control method considering wind speed difference

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