CN114977201A - A method of reducing coefficients for fine electricity consumption at all levels in commercial buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for adjusting and reducing coefficients of fine electricity consumption of commercial buildings at all levels, which solves the deficiencies of the prior art. First, the temperature comfort, illumination comfort and economic benefit, which are more concerned about when commercial buildings participate in fine electricity consumption, are modeled. , respectively establish data models of temperature comfort, illumination comfort and economic benefits and various loads of commercial buildings, including air conditioning load, lighting load, power load and LED large screen load; then introduce various load load rates and adjustment The concept of subtraction coefficient is adopted, and the multi-objective optimization model is transformed into a single-objective optimization model through normalization processing and distribution index. The percentage value of the various loads that should be reduced under the condition that the benefits are jointly optimal.

Description

A method of reducing coefficients for fine electricity consumption at all levels in commercial buildings

technical field

The invention relates to an electric power system and its automation technology, in particular to a method for adjusting and reducing coefficients of fine electricity consumption at all levels in commercial buildings, and belongs to the technical field of demand response.

Background technique

The continuous improvement of the level of urbanization and the continuous adjustment of the industrial structure have led to a rapid increase in the demand for energy in China's cities, and the country is currently facing a situation of tight power supply. Come.

With the rapid growth of the economic level and the continuous optimization of the economic structure, the tertiary industry represented by the building economy and the digital industry is rising, and its electricity consumption is also rising. The tertiary industry mainly includes warehousing and postal industry, information transmission, computer service and software industry, financial industry, leasing and business service industry, etc., mainly building office. Therefore, how to effectively, accurately and effectively control the extensive electricity demand of commercial complexes, office buildings, hotels, hotels, public institutions and other buildings, guide commercial building users to optimize electricity consumption strategies, and implement real-time refined and digital electricity consumption management strategies, From the rapidly growing "building economy", "finding resources" and "demanding load" are the top priorities for the control of energy consumption and carbon consumption in commercial buildings.

The load types of commercial buildings are mainly air-conditioning, lighting, power, LED large screen, etc. Due to the flexible operation mode of the controllable load of the building, the power dispatch center can effectively manage the energy consumption of the building system and reduce the building operation cost through direct control or price incentives. , to improve the economy and safety of power grid operation. Therefore, researching the strategy of commercial buildings participating in fine electricity consumption, constructing a model of fine electricity consumption adjustment and reduction coefficients of commercial buildings at all levels, and determining the reduction percentages of various loads that should respond to their participation in fine electricity consumption at all levels is a method with urgent task of practical significance.

Existing research on flexible energy regulation strategies for commercial buildings mainly focuses on air-conditioning loads, lacks flexible regulation strategies for various loads in commercial buildings, and does not take into account temperature comfort, illumination comfort and economic benefits from multiple dimensions at the same time. , the constructed model is not very implementable and operable for the electrical person in charge of commercial buildings. The purpose of this application is to realize the optimal regulation of building participation in fine electricity consumption at all levels by scientifically and effectively adjusting various load values of commercial buildings while taking into account building temperature comfort, illumination comfort and economic benefits.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art, and to provide a method for adjusting and reducing coefficients of fine electricity consumption at all levels of commercial buildings. As the goal, the correlation between various load reduction coefficients and temperature comfort, illuminance comfort and economic benefits is fully considered, and the method for commercial buildings to participate in the optimal regulation of fine electricity consumption at all levels has been realized, and the existing commercial buildings have been solved. There are few multi-dimensional, full-load, and operable technical problems in the flexible regulation strategy of building energy use.

The object of the present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method of reducing the coefficient of fine electricity consumption of commercial buildings at all levels. Firstly, the temperature comfort, illuminance comfort and economic benefit that commercial buildings are more concerned about when participating in fine electricity consumption are modeled, and the temperature comfort, illuminance comfort and economic benefit are established respectively. Data models of benefits and various loads of commercial buildings, including air-conditioning load, lighting load, power load and LED large screen load; then introduce the concepts of various load load rates and reduction coefficients, and through normalization processing and The distribution index transforms the multi-objective optimization model into a single-objective optimization model, and finally solves the problem that when commercial buildings participate in fine power consumption at all levels, all kinds of loads should be adjusted to meet the optimal conditions of temperature comfort, illumination comfort and economic benefits. The percent value to subtract.

As an option, when a commercial building participates in fine electricity consumption, the adjustment coefficient corresponding to the pressure reduction load value that the five loads of air conditioning, lighting, power, LED large screen and other loads should respond to is the control variable: [x ₁ , x ₂ , x ₃ , x ₄ , x ₅ ], satisfying

Among them, ΔP _{air conditioner} , ΔP _lighting , ΔP _power , ΔP _{LED large screen} , ΔP _other represents the load value of air conditioning load, lighting load, power load, LED large screen load and other loads in response to fine electricity consumption in commercial buildings, P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , P ₄ , and P ₅ represent the installed capacity of the five loads of the commercial building; since the installed capacity of the five loads of different commercial buildings is different, the daily load rate is also different, so the daily load rate constant of various loads is introduced [y ₁ , y ₂ , y ₃ , y ₄ , y ₅ ], which is used to describe the daily actual operating load rate of a commercial building participating in five types of fine electricity consumption, and the adjustment coefficient control variable and the load that should be reduced by various loads. Value correlation, and build a model of fine electricity consumption of commercial buildings about their various load reduction coefficients.

As an option, the mathematical model between the commercial building temperature comfort and the commercial building load is specifically:

K ^T =(T _{indoor_best} -T _set ) ² =[T _{indoor_best} -(k·ΔP _{air conditioner} +b)] ² =[T _{indoor_best} -(k·(x ₁ y ₁ P ₁ )+b)] ² ,

Among them, K ^T represents the user's air temperature comfort, the smaller the value, the higher the comfort; T _{indoor_best} is the best indoor temperature; T _set is the user set temperature; ΔP _{air conditioner} is the air conditioner load reduction value; ΔP _{air conditioner} and different set temperatures T _set is almost linearly proportional, and k and b are the parameters of the linear function.

As an option, the mathematical model between the commercial building illuminance comfort and the building load is specifically:

为模糊利用系数法确定的单层的平均照度；η为平均光效；P_照明为该商业楼宇照明负荷总容量；ΔP_照明为照明负荷调减值； CU表示光源在特定场所的模糊利用系数，查表可得；维护系数MF取0.7-0.8；S_i表示第i层总面积。Among them, K ^L represents the user's illuminance comfort, and the smaller the value, the higher the comfort; L _{indoor_best} is the best indoor illuminance; L _average is the average illuminance average; n is the number of floors of commercial buildings;

is the average illuminance of a single floor determined by the fuzzy utilization coefficient method; η is the average luminous efficiency; P _lighting is the total lighting load capacity of the commercial building; ΔP _lighting is the lighting load reduction value; It can be obtained by looking up the table; the maintenance factor MF is taken as 0.7-0.8; Si represents the total area of the _i -th layer.

As an option, the mathematical model between the economic benefits of commercial buildings participating in fine electricity consumption and the building load is as follows:

profit表示商业楼宇参与精细用电获得的经济效益(需求响应或有序用电)，ρ₀表示单位电价，ρ_m表示补偿电价，ρ_r表示惩罚电价，Δt表示商业楼宇负荷调减响应的时间，ΔP_down表示商业楼宇在响应过程中实际的压减出力，其等于空调、照明、动力、LED大屏及其他负荷的共同压减出力之和，ΔP_down＝ΔP_空调+ΔP_照明+ΔP_动力+ΔP_LED大屏+ΔP_其他。

profit represents the economic benefits (demand response or orderly electricity consumption) obtained by commercial buildings participating in refined electricity consumption, ρ ₀ represents the unit electricity price, ρ _m represents the compensation electricity price, ρ _r represents the penalty electricity price, and Δt represents the response time of commercial buildings load reduction , ΔP _down represents the actual decompression output of commercial buildings during the response process, which is equal to the sum of the common decompression outputs of air conditioners, lighting, power, LED screens and other loads, ΔP _down = ΔP _{air conditioner} + ΔP _lighting + ΔP _power + ΔP _{LED large screen} + ΔP _others .

照度舒适度的归一化处理为：

经济效益的归一化处理为：

F_T,F_L,F_profit表示归一化后的温度舒适度评估指标、照度舒适度指标和经济效益指标，

和

表示温度舒适度的最小值和最大值；

和

表示照度舒适度的最小值和最大值； profit_min和profit_max表示经济效益的最小值和最大值，当商业楼宇按照响应要求进行响应时经济效益最大，当用户完全不响应时经济效益最小。As an option, the mathematical model between the temperature comfort, illumination comfort and economic benefits and various loads of commercial buildings is constructed. Because the dimensions of these three evaluation indicators are different, the optimal regulation of fine electricity consumption in commercial buildings is constructed. The three indicators are normalized before the model, and the normalization of temperature comfort is as follows:

The normalization of illumination comfort is as follows:

The normalization of economic benefits is as follows:

F _T , F _L , F _profit represent the normalized temperature comfort evaluation index, illumination comfort index and economic benefit index,

and

Indicates the minimum and maximum values of temperature comfort;

and

Represents the minimum and maximum value of illuminance comfort; profit _min and profit _max represent the minimum and maximum value of economic benefit. When the commercial building responds according to the response requirements, the economic benefit is the largest, and the economic benefit is the smallest when the user does not respond at all.

其中F表示综合优化目标；α、β、γ分别为温度舒适度指标、照度舒适度和经济效益指标的权重系数，满足α+β+γ＝1；Preferably, the optimal control model for fine electricity consumption is:

Among them, F represents the comprehensive optimization objective; α, β, and γ are the weight coefficients of the temperature comfort index, the illumination comfort degree and the economic benefit index, respectively, satisfying α+β+γ=1;

By setting different weight coefficients for the temperature comfort index, illuminance comfort index and economic benefit index, it reflects the importance of commercial buildings to these three indicators; x represents the percentage vector of various types of load reduction, and x _min represents various types of load reduction. Percent minimum value vector, x _max represents the maximum value vector of various load reduction percentages; y _i represents the daily load rate value of the i-th type of load, which is used to describe the daily actual operating load rate of the five types of loads in commercial buildings; P _i represents the commercial building No. Class i load installed capacity; P _target represents the target pressure reduction required to respond when commercial buildings participate in refined electricity consumption.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The fine electricity adjustment and reduction coefficient method for commercial buildings at all levels proposed in this application fully takes into account the correlation between various load reduction coefficients and temperature comfort, illuminance comfort and economic benefits, and establishes the participation of commercial buildings. The optimal regulation model for fine electricity consumption of commercial buildings with the goal of simultaneously optimizing the temperature comfort, illuminance comfort and economic benefits of fine electricity consumption at all levels is realized through the adjustment of decision variables of various loads of commercial buildings in response to the reduction coefficient of fine electricity consumption. Commercial buildings participate in the optimal regulation of fine electricity consumption at all levels. It greatly improves the scientificity and effectiveness of commercial buildings participating in fine electricity load regulation, and takes the reduction coefficients of various loads as the regulation target, which has good operability and implementability, and is convenient for the person in charge of commercial building electrical appliances. Safe, accurate and efficient completion of fine electricity load regulation.

(2) The model proposed in this application takes commercial buildings as the modeling object, effectively mobilizing various loads in the building to effectively participate in fine electricity consumption, and taking into account the user satisfaction of commercial buildings participating in fine electricity consumption, that is, temperature comfort, Illumination comfort and economic value make the results more in line with actual energy use decisions.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Example:

Considering that commercial buildings are more concerned about temperature comfort, illuminance comfort and economic benefits of fine electricity consumption when participating in fine electricity consumption, this application proposes a kind of fine electricity consumption at all levels of commercial buildings based on the basic operating parameters of various loads of commercial buildings. The electrical adjustment coefficient method is shown in Figure 1, and the method includes the following five steps.

Step 1) Use the following formula to model the temperature comfort of commercial buildings.

K ^T =(T _{indoor_best} -T _set ) ² (1),

T _set = k·ΔP _{air conditioner} + b (2).

In formulas (1) and (2), the square value of the deviation between the optimal indoor temperature and the user's set temperature is used as the evaluation standard for air temperature comfort, K ^T represents the user's air temperature comfort, and the smaller the value, the more comfortable The higher the temperature; T _{indoor_best} is the best indoor temperature; T _set is the temperature set by the user; since the load reduction potential of the inverter air _conditioner group ΔP is almost linearly proportional to the different set temperatures T _set , the higher the Ts, the greater the load reduction potential. Therefore, there is a linear functional relationship between the set temperature and the load reduction potential, as shown in formula (2).

Step 2) Use the following formula to model the illuminance comfort of commercial buildings.

K ^L = (L _{indoor_best} -L _average ) ² (3),

为第i层的平均照度，其计算公式为：φ_i表示第i层光源总光通量，其原始计算公式为

即该层平均单个灯具光通量

与灯具数量N之积；我们利用光效指标对其进行推演，光效指灯具每瓦的光通量，不同的灯具光效指标存在差异，常见光源的光效指标查表可得；一般商业楼宇采用筒灯设计，其光源种类是紧凑型荧光灯，平均光效η为55lm/W，因此只要确定第i层的照明负荷总功率P_i即可推算出该层的光源总光通量φ_i＝η×P_i；CU表示光源在特定场所的模糊利用系数，查表可得，商业楼宇一般采用普通筒灯，其模糊利用系数为0.6；维护系数MF一般取0.7-0.8，这里我们取0.75；S_i表示第i层总面积。In Equation (3), Equation (4), Equation (5), the square value of the deviation between the indoor optimal illuminance and the average illuminance is used as the evaluation standard of illuminance comfort, ^KL represents the user illuminance comfort, and the smaller the value, the more comfortable The higher the intensity; L _{indoor_best} is the best indoor illuminance, L _average is the average illuminance average; n is the number of floors of commercial buildings;

is the average illuminance of the i-th layer, and its calculation formula is: φ _i represents the total luminous flux of the i-th layer light source, and its original calculation formula is

That is, the average luminous flux of a single lamp in this layer

The product of the number of lamps N; we use the luminous efficiency index to deduce it. The luminous efficiency refers to the luminous flux per watt of the lamp. There are differences in the luminous efficiency index of different lamps. The luminous efficiency index of common light sources can be found in the table; general commercial buildings use Downlight design, the light source type is compact fluorescent lamp, and the average luminous efficacy η is 55lm/W, so as long as the total power P _i of the lighting load of the i-th layer is determined, the total luminous flux of the light source in this layer can be calculated φ _i =η×P _i ; CU represents the fuzzy utilization factor of the light source in a specific place, which can be obtained by looking up the table. Commercial buildings generally use ordinary downlights, and its fuzzy utilization factor is 0.6; the maintenance factor MF generally takes _0.7-0.8 , here we take 0.75; The total area of layer i.

Step 3) Use the following formula to model the economic benefits of fine electricity consumption in commercial buildings.

In formula (6), profit represents the economic benefits (demand response or orderly electricity consumption) obtained by commercial buildings participating in refined electricity consumption, ρ ₀ represents the unit electricity price, ρ _m represents the compensation electricity price, ρ _r represents the penalty electricity price, and Δt represents the commercial building The time of load reduction response, ΔP _down represents the actual pressure reduction output of the commercial building during the response process, which is equal to the sum of the common pressure reduction outputs of air conditioning, lighting, power, LED large screen and other loads, ΔP _down = ΔP _{air conditioning} + ΔP _lighting +ΔP _power +ΔP _{LED large screen} +ΔP _others .

Step 4) Normalize the three indicators of temperature comfort, illuminance comfort and economic benefit that are concerned by the fine electricity consumption of commercial buildings to eliminate the dimensional influence:

和

表示温度舒适度的最小值和最大值；

和

表示照度舒适度的最小值和最大值；profit_min和profit_max表示经济效益的最小值和最大值，当商业楼宇按照响应要求进行响应时经济效益最大，当用户完全不响应时经济效益最小。In formula (7), formula (8) and formula (9), F _T , F _L , F _profit represent the normalized temperature comfort evaluation index, illumination comfort index and economic benefit index,

and

Indicates the minimum and maximum values of temperature comfort;

and

Represents the minimum and maximum value of illuminance comfort; profit _min and profit _max represent the minimum and maximum value of economic benefits. When the commercial building responds according to the response requirements, the economic benefit is the largest, and the economic benefit is the smallest when the user does not respond at all.

Step 5) Introduce a weight coefficient, combine the normalized processing results, and use a linear weighting method to convert multi-objective optimization into single-objective optimization:

In formula (10), F represents the comprehensive optimization objective; α, β, and γ are the weight coefficients of the temperature comfort index, the illumination comfort degree and the economic benefit index, respectively, satisfying α+β+γ=1. By setting different weight coefficients for the temperature comfort index, illuminance comfort index and economic benefit index, it can reflect the importance of commercial buildings to these three indicators; x represents the percentage vector of various load reduction percentages, and x _min represents various load pressures. The minimum value vector of the reduction percentage, x _max represents the maximum value vector of the reduction percentage of various loads; y _i represents the daily load rate value of the i-th type of load, which is used to describe the daily actual operating load rate of the 5 types of loads in commercial buildings; P _i represents the commercial building. The installed capacity of the i-th type of load; P _target represents the target pressure reduction required for the response of commercial buildings when they participate in fine power consumption.

Through this model, the adjustment coefficients of various loads of commercial buildings participating in fine electricity consumption can be determined, so that when commercial buildings participate in fine electricity consumption at all levels, it can be solved under the condition that the temperature comfort, illumination comfort and economic benefits are jointly optimal. The specific load value that the class load should be adjusted and reduced, so as to provide a scientific basis for load regulation for commercial buildings to participate in fine electricity consumption.

In a word, the present invention is based on various load characteristics and daily load rates of commercial buildings, aiming at the best temperature comfort, the best illumination comfort and the maximum economic benefit of fine electricity consumption. This method can determine the best load reduction coefficients for commercial buildings to participate in various levels of fine power consumption. The specific load value, thus providing a scientific basis for commercial buildings to participate in different levels of fine power consumption.

The above-mentioned embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form, and there are other variations and modifications under the premise of not exceeding the technical solution recorded in the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A method for adjusting and reducing coefficients of each level of fine power consumption of commercial buildings is characterized in that firstly, modeling is carried out on temperature comfort, illumination comfort and economic benefit which are concerned about when the commercial buildings participate in the fine power consumption, and data models of the temperature comfort, the illumination comfort and the economic benefit and various loads of the commercial buildings are respectively established, wherein the various loads comprise air conditioning loads, lighting loads, power loads and LED large-screen loads; and then, introducing concepts of various load rates and adjustment and reduction coefficients, converting the multi-objective optimization model into a single-objective optimization model through normalization processing and distribution indexes, and finally solving the percentage value of various load to be adjusted and reduced under the condition of meeting the common best temperature comfort level, illumination comfort level and economic benefit when the commercial buildings participate in fine power utilization at all levels.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the commercial building participates in the fine power utilization, the adjustment coefficients corresponding to the voltage reduction load values to which 5 loads, such as air conditioner, lighting, power, LED large screen and other loads, should respond are control variables: [ x ] of ₁ ,x ₂ ,x ₃ ,x ₄ ,x ₅ ]To satisfy

Wherein Δ P _{Air conditioner} ,ΔP _{Illumination device} ,ΔP _{Power plant} ,ΔP _{LED large screen} ,ΔP _Others Voltage reduction load value, P, representing commercial building air conditioning load, lighting load, power load, LED large screen load and other loads in response to fine power usage ₁ ,P ₂ ,P ₃ ,P ₄ ,P ₅ Installed capacity representing the 5 loads of the commercial building; because 5 types of loads in different commercial buildings have different installed capacities and different daily load rates, a daily load rate constant y of various loads is introduced ₁ ,y ₂ ,y ₃ ,y ₄ ,y ₅ ]The method is used for depicting the daily actual operation load rate of 5 types of loads of the fine power utilization of a certain commercial building, associating the adjustment and reduction coefficient control variable with the load value of the stress reduction of various types of loads, and constructing a model of the fine power utilization of the commercial building about the adjustment and reduction coefficients of various types of loads.

3. The fine power utilization modulation factor reduction method for each level of the commercial building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mathematical model between the temperature comfort of the commercial building and the load of the commercial building is specifically as follows:

K ^T ＝(T _{indoor_best} -T _set ) ² ＝[T _{indoor_best} -(k·ΔP _{air conditioner} +b)] ² ＝[T _{indoor_best} -(k·(x ₁ y ₁ P ₁ )+b)] ² ，

Wherein K ^T The comfort level of the air temperature of the user is represented, and the lower the value is, the higher the comfort level is; t is _{indoor_best} The indoor optimal temperature is set; t is _set Setting a temperature for a user; delta P _{Air conditioner} Adjusting the value of the air conditioner load; delta P _{Air conditioner} With different set temperatures T _set Almost linearly proportional, and k, b are parameters of a linear function.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mathematical model between the illumination comfort level and the building load is as follows:

wherein K ^L Representing the illumination comfort level of a user, the lower the value, the higher the comfort level; l is a radical of an alcohol _{indoor_best} The optimal indoor illumination is obtained; l is _average Is the average illumination; n is the number of commercial building floors;

the average illumination of the single layer determined by a fuzzy utilization coefficient method; eta is the average luminous efficiency; p _{Illumination device} Total capacity for the commercial building lighting load; delta P _{Illumination device} Adjusting a value for the lighting load; CU represents the fuzzy utilization coefficient of the light source in a specific place, and the fuzzy utilization coefficient can be obtained by looking up a table; the maintenance coefficient MF is 0.7-0.8; s _i Indicates the total area of the ith layer.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mathematical model between the economic benefit of the fine power utilization of the commercial buildings and the building load is as follows:

profit represents the economic benefit (demand response or orderly power utilization) obtained by the participation of commercial buildings in fine power utilization, and rho ₀ Represents unit price of electricity, ρ _m Represents the compensation price of electricity, p _r Represents the penalty price of electricity, deltat represents the time of load adjustment and reduction response of commercial buildings, deltaP _down Represents the actual pressure relief force of the commercial building during the response process, which is equal to the sum of the common pressure relief forces of air conditioning, lighting, power, LED large screen and other loads, delta P _down ＝ΔP _{Air conditioner} +ΔP _{Illumination device} +ΔP _{Power plant} +ΔP _{LED large screen} +ΔP _Others 。

6. The method for fine power utilization and factor reduction at each level of the commercial building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mathematical models of the constructed temperature comfort level, the illumination comfort level and the economic benefit with various loads of the commercial building are different in dimension, so that the three indexes are normalized before the fine power utilization optimal regulation and control model of the commercial building is constructed, and the normalization processing of the temperature comfort level is as follows:

the normalization process of the illumination comfort level is as follows:

the normalization treatment of the economic benefit comprises the following steps:

F _T ,F _L ,F _profit expressing the normalized temperature comfort evaluation index, illumination comfort index and economic benefit index,

and

minimum and maximum values representing temperature comfort;

and

minimum and maximum values representing illuminance comfort; profit _min And profit _max And the minimum value and the maximum value of the economic benefit are shown, the economic benefit is maximum when the commercial buildings respond according to the response requirements, and the economic benefit is minimum when the users do not respond at all.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimal fine power consumption regulation model is:

wherein F represents a synthetic optimization objective; alpha, beta and gamma are weight coefficients of a temperature comfort level index, an illumination comfort level index and an economic benefit index respectively, and alpha + beta + gamma is 1;

different weight coefficients are set for the temperature comfort level index, the illumination comfort level index and the economic benefit index, so that the attention degree of the commercial building to the three indexes is reflected; x represents the percentage vector of each type of load reduction, x _min Vector representing the minimum value of the percentage of reduction of the various types of load pressure, x _max Representing the maximum vector of the various types of load pressure reduction percentage; y is _i The daily load rate value of the ith type of load is expressed and used for depicting the daily actual running load rate of the class 5 load of the commercial building; p _i Representing the ith type load installed capacity of the commercial building; p _target Indicating a target amount of pressure reduction that a commercial building is required to respond to while participating in fine-grained electricity usage.

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