CN114976655B - Vortex wave regulation and control method and receiving and transmitting system based on dipole antenna - Google Patents
Vortex wave regulation and control method and receiving and transmitting system based on dipole antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114976655B CN114976655B CN202210671600.5A CN202210671600A CN114976655B CN 114976655 B CN114976655 B CN 114976655B CN 202210671600 A CN202210671600 A CN 202210671600A CN 114976655 B CN114976655 B CN 114976655B
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/04—Multimode antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vortex wave regulation and control method and a receiving and transmitting system based on dipole antennas. The receiving and transmitting scheme operates according to the following steps: the transmitting dipole antenna and the receiving dipole antenna are placed face to face, and the centers of the transmitting dipole antenna and the receiving dipole antenna are coincident; regulating and controlling the amplitude and the phase of excitation signals of different ports of the feed source of the transmitting dipole antenna to generate and transmit vortex waves; the detection of vortex waves can be realized by measuring the signal amplitude and phase at the port of the receiving dipole antenna. According to the invention, by superposition and decomposition of two degenerate orthogonal dipole modes in the dipole antenna, the regulation, generation, receiving and analysis of vortex waves are realized; provides a simple vortex wave regulation and receiving scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of electromagnetic fields, microwaves and optics, and particularly relates to a vortex wave regulating and controlling method and a receiving and transmitting system.
Background
Optical Vortex waves (Optical Vortex) were proposed by Coullet et al in 1989. In 1992, allen et al proposed the concept of orbital angular momentum (Orbital Angular Momentum, OAM) of the vortex wave, relating the geometrical properties of the vortex wave phase to its mechanical properties. Optical vortex waves have received extensive attention and development hereafter due to their novel physical properties and wide application in optical manipulation, ultra-high capacity optical communications, optical sensing.
In 2007, the concept of vortex waves was developed to the microwave band. Vortex waves in the microwave frequency range prove that the communication capacity can be improved without increasing the bandwidth, and azimuth information of a radar target, the rotating speed of a rotating target can be measured and the like can be provided. Because of the longer wavelength, the sub-wavelength phase manipulation in the microwave frequency band becomes more convenient, so that various microwave vortex wave generation technologies such as helical parabolic antennas, super-surfaces, dielectric antennas and the like are emerging.
Although both optical and microwave frequency bands have been developed with vigorous development of vortex wave generation and physical properties, vortex wave detection and analysis have been a challenge. Conventional vortex wave detection requires measurement of its phase gradient. For optical vortex waves, the phase information is often extracted from interference fringes based on the interference of the beams. For vortex waves in a microwave frequency band, an antenna array or an antenna probe is often used for scanning, phase information of a plurality of points is obtained, and then data processing is carried out. These means all require detection of multiple spatial points, resulting in a very large overall transceiver system, and the measured phase information also requires complex post-processing, which cannot be easily and intuitively characterized.
Based on superposition of two modes of orthogonal degeneracy in a dipole antenna, a series of vortex wave modes are regulated, controlled and generated through adjustment of the amplitude and the phase of excitation ports of different modes; the same receiving antenna as the transmitting antenna is used, which performs an inverse mode decomposition of the received vortex wave, thereby characterizing the received vortex wave information by measuring the amplitude and phase at the receiving antenna port. The vortex wave regulation and receiving scheme not only has important value in the microwave frequency band, but also has guiding value for optical and terahertz frequency bands and even acoustic vortex waves. The scheme is expected to open up a brand new technical approach for the fields of vortex wave radar, sensing, communication and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to realize the regulation and control of vortex waves by adopting a dipole antenna and adjusting the amplitude and the phase at the port of the transmitting antenna; and a simple vortex wave receiving and transmitting scheme is realized through measuring amplitude and phase information at a port of the receiving antenna.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the vortex wave receiving and transmitting system based on dipole antenna includes two dipole antennas as transmitting and receiving and its feed source phase or amplitude regulating hardware.
The method is characterized in that: the dipole antenna is required to have 4-order rotational symmetry.
The method is characterized in that: the dipole antenna can be a microwave millimeter wave antenna such as a patch antenna, an artificial surface plasmon antenna, a dielectric antenna and the like; and can also be optical resonators such as optical microcavities, nanoparticles, and the like.
The method is characterized in that: the feed source can be a signal source, a vector network analyzer and other instruments; the source and modulator may also be integrated at the circuit board level or at the integrated circuit level.
The method is characterized in that: the state of the vortex wave is characterized by the amplitude and phase information of the signal at the different ports of the receiving antenna.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the vortex wave regulation and receiving scheme disclosed by the invention utilizes two identical dipole antennas as transmitting and receiving ends, and provides a reciprocal uniform vortex wave receiving and transmitting method; the received vortex wave state can be represented by measuring the amplitude and the phase of the port of the receiving antenna, and the method is simple, convenient and reliable. In addition, the scheme can realize a vortex wave mode with wireless dimension and continuous adjustability, and opens up a possible brand new way for vortex wave detection and communication. The vortex wave regulation and receiving scheme not only has important value in the microwave frequency band, but also has universal guiding value for optical and terahertz frequency bands, even acoustic vortex waves.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram (a) and schematic diagram (b) of a vortex wave control and transceiver system disclosed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an artificial surface plasmon dipole antenna (a, b) according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein two dipole modes (c) and antenna reflection coefficients (d) are degenerately orthogonal;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the phase distribution of vortex waves generated under different amplitude and phase conditions for two orthogonal degenerate modes in an artificial surface plasmon dipole antenna according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a phase distribution curve of an artificial surface plasmon dipole antenna according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure around a circumference with different phases (a) and amplitudes (b);
fig. 5 shows an artificial surface plasmon dipole antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which is shown in fig. a 1 ＝A 2 In the case of Δ=pi/2 (a, c) and pi/4 (b, d), the energy flow vector (a, b) and the orbital angular momentum z component (c, d) are distributed;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the average orbital angular momentum l of an artificial surface plasmon dipole antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention under different phase and amplitude conditions;
fig. 7 is an artificial surface plasmon dipole antenna of a first embodiment of the present invention, with amplitude and phase curves detected at receiving antenna ports 3 and 4;
fig. 8 shows the distribution of electric field (a) and energy flow (b) at different distances (z) when the transmission/reception distance is 100mm for the artificial surface plasmon dipole antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the variation of the average orbital angular momentum l with z at different distances (z) when an artificial surface plasmon dipole antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention is 100mm apart;
fig. 10 is an artificial surface plasmon dipole antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein the detected phases at the receiving antenna ports 3 and 4 vary with the phase shifter control voltage;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a patch dipole antenna structure according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, and wherein two dipole mode fields are orthogonally degenerate;
fig. 12 shows the amplitude and phase (simulation result) received by the receiving antenna port 3 and the receiving antenna port 4 at a distance of 50mm in the patch dipole antenna according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a vortex wave regulation and control method and a receiving and transmitting system based on a dipole antenna, and a schematic diagram of the vortex wave regulation and control method and the receiving and transmitting system is shown in figure 1. The scheme adopts two symmetrical dipole antennas with four degrees, which are arranged face to face and coincide with each other, as transmitting and receiving antennas. In a four-degree dipole antenna, two orthogonal degenerate dipole modes can be excited by different ports. At the transmitting end, based on superposition of two orthogonal degenerate dipole modes, a series of continuous vortex wave modes can be generated and transmitted through regulating and controlling phases and amplitudes of feed source signals of different ports. At the receiving end, the vortex wave pattern will be split by the dipole antenna into two orthogonal degenerate dipole patterns and detected at different ports. Therefore, by receiving the amplitude and phase information at different ports of the dipole antenna, the vortex wave mode can be characterized.
Embodiment one:
the transmitting and receiving antennas of this embodiment employ identical artificial localized surface plasmon (spoof localized surface plasmon, SLSP) resonator dipole antennas, with top and side views of the printed circuit board structure as shown in fig. 2a and b. Through ports 1 and 2, two orthogonal degenerate dipole modes can be excited whose electric field z-component distribution is shown in FIG. 2 c. From the SLSP resonator surface, the field distribution of plasmon modes can be clearly seen, which when far from the resonator surface, like z=5 mm, looks the same as the dipole mode of a circular patch antenna. The reflection coefficient of the SLSP resonator dipole antenna is shown in figure 2d, and the central working frequency of the antenna is 2.3GHz. To excite a perfectly symmetrical mode, signals with the same amplitude and opposite phase to those of ports 1 and 2 can be fed into ports 1 'and 2', respectively. Ports 1 'and 2' and ports 1,2 are simultaneously activated, ensuring perfect symmetry of modes, but this is not a requirement for the solution; since the excited dipole mode is the same as ports 1,2, this will not be discussed in the following.
The signal at port 1 is denoted as A 1 The signal at port 2 is denoted as A 2 Exp (iΔ). The vortex wave phase distribution generated at different amplitude ratios A2/A1 and phase differences delta is shown in fig. 3. The curve of the phase change around the circumference is shown in fig. 4. It can be seen that when Δ= ±pi/2, a 2 ＝A 1 The phase component gradient is uniform; when Δ=0, ±pi, the dipole modes are formed by superposition; in other cases, non-uniform phase gradients will be formed. Even for non-uniform phase gradients, the phase change of one revolution calculates the topology charge numberStill + -1.
These vortex wave modes from the perspective of orbital angular momentum, defined as:
L＝r×P，
where r is the displacement vector and P is the momentum of the electromagnetic field:
the above formula uses the international system of units (SI), where epsilon is the permittivity and mu is the permeability. The fluence vectors and the orbital angular momentum z component distribution (a) at delta = pi/2 and pi/4 are given in fig. 5 1 ＝A 2 ). It can be seen that the Δ=pi/2 ratio Δ=pi/4 has stronger in-plane energy flow and orbital angular momentum. Definition of average orbital angular momentum (average OAM)To quantify OAM, which is a function of delta and A 2 /A 1 The trend of the change is shown in fig. 6.
Two SLSP resonator dipole antennas 100mm apart were simulated in consideration of the process of transmitting and receiving the vortex wave. The amplitude and phase information received by port 3 and port 4 of the receiving antenna is shown in fig. 7, which shows the amplitude (a 2 /A 1 ) And the phase (delta) conditions are the same. We have found that the electric field in the z-direction and the energy flow in the x-y plane, and the average orbital angular momentum l decay rapidly with increasing z (figures 8 and 9), but that reconstruction is achieved in the process of approaching the receiving antenna. This is because the radiation pattern of the dipole evolves to approximate plane linear polarization in the far field, the energy flow being in the z direction; the energy flow in the x-y plane and the orbital angular momentum in the z direction decrease accordingly. The same orbital angular momentum pattern is reconstructed due to the near field effect of the receiving antenna.
In experiments, the phase of ports 1 and 2 is regulated and controlled based on an electric control phase shifter (Mini-Circuits, JSPS-2482+), the control voltage of the phase shifter corresponding to port 1 is kept to be 0, and the control voltage is only loaded on the phase shifter corresponding to port 2, so that the phase difference delta between the two ports is regulated and controlled. As shown in fig. 10a, when the phase shifter control voltage of the port 2 is adjusted, the phase difference of the signals received by the port 3 and the port 4 changes, which proves the feasibility of the vortex wave regulation and receiving scheme of the invention. As shown in fig. 10b, the transceiving distance of the scheme in the experiment can reach 1m in the office environment.
Embodiment two:
this embodiment employs a circular patch dipole antenna, schematically illustrated in fig. 11a, wherein the z-component distribution of the electric field of two orthogonal degenerate dipole modes is illustrated in fig. 11b. The working principle and the operation process of the embodiment are the same except that the adopted antenna structure is different from that of the embodiment. As shown in fig. 12, two circular patch dipole antennas are 50mm apart, loading different phase and amplitude information on ports 1 and 2, and the signal received by ports 3 and 4. It can be seen that in each case, the amplitude and phase information of ports 3 and 4 accurately reproduce the information of the vortex wave modulation, again confirming the feasibility of the scheme of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A vortex wave receiving and dispatching system based on dipole antenna is characterized in that: the antenna comprises two dipole antennas used as transmitting and receiving and phase or amplitude regulation hardware of a feed source thereof; two symmetrical dipole antennas with four degrees and overlapped centers and placed face to face are adopted as transmitting and receiving antennas; in a four-degree symmetric dipole antenna, two orthogonal degenerate dipole modes can be excited by different ports; at the transmitting end, based on superposition of two orthogonal degenerate dipole modes, a series of continuous vortex wave modes can be generated and transmitted through regulating and controlling phases and amplitudes of feed source signals of different ports; at the receiving end, the vortex wave mode is decomposed into two orthogonal degenerate dipole modes by the dipole antenna, and is detected at different ports; the characterization of the vortex wave mode can be realized by receiving the amplitude and phase information of different ports of the dipole antenna;
the dipole antenna is a microwave millimeter wave antenna or an optical resonator.
2. The dipole antenna based vortex wave transreceiving system of claim 1 wherein: the microwave millimeter wave antenna is a patch antenna, an artificial surface plasmon antenna or a dielectric antenna; the optical resonator is an optical microcavity or nanoparticle.
3. The dipole antenna based vortex wave transreceiving system of claim 1 wherein: the feed source is a signal source, a vector network analyzer, or a source and modulator integrated at a circuit board level or an integrated circuit level.
4. A method of vortex wave modulation based on the system of any one of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of: at the transmitting end, based on superposition of two orthogonal degenerate dipole modes, a series of continuous vortex wave modes are generated and transmitted through regulation and control of phases and amplitudes of feed source signals of different ports; at the receiving end, the vortex wave mode is decomposed into two orthogonal degenerate dipole modes by the dipole antenna, and is detected at different ports; the vortex wave mode can be characterized by receiving the amplitude and phase information of different ports of the dipole antenna.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5859616A (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 1999-01-12 | Gec-Marconi Hazeltine Corporation | Interleaved planar array antenna system providing angularly adjustable linear polarization |
| CN107394408A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-11-24 | 电子科技大学 | Vortex electromagnetic beam antenna and its implementation based on holographic tensor impedance surface |
| CN112751167A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-04 | 同济大学 | Antenna panel, vortex beam antenna and working method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US10283862B2 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2019-05-07 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Phase-mode feed network for antenna arrays |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5859616A (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 1999-01-12 | Gec-Marconi Hazeltine Corporation | Interleaved planar array antenna system providing angularly adjustable linear polarization |
| CN107394408A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-11-24 | 电子科技大学 | Vortex electromagnetic beam antenna and its implementation based on holographic tensor impedance surface |
| CN112751167A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-04 | 同济大学 | Antenna panel, vortex beam antenna and working method thereof |
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