CN114976634B - Antenna system for continuous wave radar and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Antenna system for continuous wave radar and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114976634B CN114976634B CN202210874491.7A CN202210874491A CN114976634B CN 114976634 B CN114976634 B CN 114976634B CN 202210874491 A CN202210874491 A CN 202210874491A CN 114976634 B CN114976634 B CN 114976634B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/525—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between emitting and receiving antennas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
Abstract
The invention relates to an antenna system for a continuous wave radar, which comprises a first rectangular window for arranging a transmitting antenna and a second rectangular window for arranging a receiving antenna, wherein a first rectangular notch serving as the transmitting antenna is arranged in the first rectangular window, and a second rectangular notch serving as the receiving antenna is arranged in the second rectangular window; the first rectangular window and the second rectangular window are arranged in a mode that planes of the first rectangular window and the second rectangular window are different from each other, so that the first rectangular notch and the second rectangular notch are different from each other, wherein the second rectangular notch serving as the receiving antenna is arranged around the first rectangular notch serving as the transmitting antenna in a rectangular checkerboard mode, and therefore the second rectangular notches surround the first rectangular notch in a rotationally symmetrical mode, and the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are isolated from each other in space when receiving and transmitting signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar antenna equipment, in particular to an antenna system for a continuous wave radar and a processing method thereof.
Background
At present, the microminiature continuous wave radar which is a research hotspot in the field of target detection radars has the advantages of small volume, light weight, strong function, low cost, high 4D resolution, stable detection performance, strong environmental adaptability and the like, and is considered to have wide application prospect. The continuous wave radar adopts a plurality of groups of microstrip antennas to realize the radio frequency receiving and transmitting according to a series of advantages of small size, free structural form, low section, convenience in integrated processing, low cost and the like of the microstrip antennas. However, because the continuous wave radar is limited by the volume and space of the continuous wave radar, the problems that the distance between the microstrip receiving antenna and the microstrip transmitting antenna is small, the isolation degree is not high, a transmitting signal is easy to leak to a receiver and the like exist.
The microstrip receiving antenna and the microstrip transmitting antenna are used as important parts of the microminiature continuous wave radar, and the coupling between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna is an important factor influencing the performance of the radar system, and directly determines the detection performance of the microminiature continuous wave radar. When the isolation is small, the leakage signal can not only submerge weak target echoes and reduce the sensitivity of the receiver, but also influence the imaging effect and the differential deformation measurement effect, and even cause the saturation failure of the receiver. In the prior art, continuous wave radars (for example, frequency modulation continuous wave radars with a wavelength of 2mm to 10 mm) have high requirements on the isolation between a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna, and such radars usually adopt a space isolation method to achieve high isolation, but for small-sized continuous wave radars (with a diameter of 100mm or less), other measures must be adopted for isolation because the space available for isolation is not enough. Therefore, how to improve the isolation between the microstrip transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is a major research direction for researchers in the field.
Chinese patent publication No. CN102393512a discloses a radio frequency passive cancellation method for a single-antenna frequency-modulated continuous wave radar. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a passive cancellation network connected with a transceiving front end circuit and a transmission line reflection signal canceller formed by adopting a waveguide structure are arranged between a radar antenna and the transceiving front end, a transmitting signal of the transceiving front end is divided into two paths through a transmitting T-shaped head of the passive cancellation network, one path passes through a waveguide bridge and a 90-degree waveguide phase shifter, the other path passes through a 180-degree waveguide phase shifter and a waveguide bridge, the transmitting signal is synthesized through the T-shaped head of an output end and then passes through the transmission line reflection signal canceller, so that the transmitting signal is output to the radar antenna at the maximum power and is output to a receiving port at the minimum power. The passive cancellation network and the transmission line reflected signal canceller are arranged between the radar antenna and the transmitting and receiving front end, so that the problems of complex reflected power active cancellation system, large volume and weight and high circuit design debugging difficulty are solved. However, the invention utilizes the signal cancellation technology to improve the isolation between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, which reduces the volume of the reflected power active cancellation system to a certain extent, but the continuous wave radar still needs to provide a larger setting space for the continuous wave radar, and the continuous wave radar cannot effectively suppress surface waves.
Chinese patent publication No. CN113156378a discloses a continuous wave radar front end with one transmitting and two receiving functions, which includes a frequency synthesis module, a transmitter module, a receiver module, a transmitting antenna, and a receiving antenna. The frequency synthesis module generates local oscillation signals and linear continuous wave signals required by a transmitter; the transmitter module performs frequency multiplication on the linear continuous wave signal, then performs up-conversion on the frequency-multiplied signal and the local oscillator signal, the up-converted signal is divided into three paths by a power divider, one path is subjected to power amplification and then transmitted by a transmitting antenna, and the other two paths are used as the local oscillator signal of the receiver; the receiver module carries out down-conversion on the signals received by the receiving antenna and the local oscillator signals, outputs intermediate frequency signals, and outputs the intermediate frequency signals to the signal processor to extract radar target information after filtering processing and amplification processing. The invention solves the problems that the existing single-transmitting single-receiving radar has low front-end measurement precision and can not measure the target direction. Although the invention improves the front-end measurement accuracy of the continuous wave radar, the invention cannot effectively improve the isolation between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, and cannot effectively suppress the surface wave between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna under the condition of limiting the volume.
Therefore, there is a need for an antenna system that can suppress surface waves between a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna to improve the sensitivity of a continuous wave radar.
Furthermore, on the one hand, due to the differences in understanding to the person skilled in the art; on the other hand, since the inventor has studied a lot of documents and patents when making the present invention, but the space is not limited to the details and contents listed in the above, however, the present invention is by no means free of the features of the prior art, but the present invention has been provided with all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to increase the related prior art in the background.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention is an antenna system for a continuous wave radar, which comprises a substrate, wherein a plurality of rectangular windows are arranged on the substrate, the rectangular windows comprise a first rectangular window for arranging a transmitting antenna and a second rectangular window for arranging a receiving antenna, a first rectangular notch serving as the transmitting antenna is arranged in the first rectangular window, and a second rectangular notch serving as the receiving antenna is arranged in the second rectangular window; the first rectangular window and the second rectangular window are arranged in a mode that planes of the first rectangular window and the second rectangular window are different from each other, so that the first rectangular notch and the second rectangular notch are different from each other, wherein the second rectangular notch serving as the receiving antenna is arranged around the first rectangular notch serving as the transmitting antenna in a rectangular checkerboard mode, and therefore the second rectangular notches surround the first rectangular notch in a rotationally symmetrical mode, and the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are isolated from each other in space when receiving and transmitting signals. Its advantage lies in, the mode that this application took rotational symmetry to lay the multiunit second rectangle breach that acts as receiving antenna, the receiving antenna who has reduced antenna system and the complexity of the space gesture of emitting antenna when laying, make the rotational characteristic of the platform of carrying on the antenna system of this application change in the prediction, make things convenient for the platform to carry out accurate analysis to the receiving and dispatching signal that antenna system obtained, especially this application sets up the plane setting with emitting antenna and receiving antenna place on the base plate on the height of difference, make the first rectangle breach that acts as emitting antenna and the second rectangle breach that acts as receiving antenna different faces each other, thereby the isolation between emitting antenna and the receiving antenna has been improved, avoid both to produce mutual interference receiving and dispatching when carrying out the signal.
According to a preferred embodiment, a plurality of said second oblong notches, acting as receiving antennas, are arranged in such a way that their plane is lower than the plane of said first oblong notches, acting as transmitting antennas. The advantages are that compared with the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna which are arranged in a coplanar manner, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna which are arranged in an out-of-plane manner change the transmission mode of the electromagnetic surface wave; compared with the increase of the straight-line distance of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in the coordinate system calculated by the pythagorean theorem, the increase of the isolation degree of the order of magnitude is brought by the arrangement of the different surfaces, and the isolation degree is about 10db. The different-surface arrangement of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna only brings about a thickness increase of about 5% of the substrate, and does not have a great influence on the weight of the substrate.
According to a preferred embodiment, four congruent shaped first oblong notches are provided in the first rectangular window;
four congruent second rectangular notches are formed in the second rectangular window;
the long axis directions of the first rectangular notch and the second rectangular notch are parallel to each other, and the short axis directions of the first rectangular notch and the second rectangular notch are also parallel to each other. The four first rectangular notches with the identical shape, which are arranged in the same first rectangular window, are arranged in a mode of Chinese character 'tian' shape, so that the four first rectangular notches form a group of transmitting antennas, and the four first rectangular notches in the same first rectangular window are arranged in a mode of mutually coinciding or being parallel in the direction of long axes.
According to a preferred embodiment, a choke groove or an isolation baffle is optionally provided on the part of the plate body of the substrate between the first oblong cut-out and the second oblong cut-out. The advantage is that the arrangement of the choke groove and the isolation baffle can effectively attenuate the surface wave propagating along the surface of the substrate between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, thereby avoiding the surface wave propagating along the surface of the substrate from influencing the accuracy of the signal when the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna transmit and receive the signal respectively.
According to a preferred embodiment, a first choke groove capable of suppressing surface waves in the minor axis direction is provided between the first rectangular window and the second rectangular window in the same minor axis direction; a second choke groove which can be used for suppressing surface waves in two directions orthogonal to each other is arranged between the second rectangular window and the first rectangular window at the top corner position of the substrate; an isolation baffle plate capable of being used for inhibiting surface waves in the long axis direction is arranged between the first rectangular window and the second rectangular window which are positioned in the same long axis direction.
According to a preferred embodiment, the first choke groove comprises at least three parallel grooves, wherein the grooves have an extension length greater than the extension lengths of the first and second rectangular windows in the long axis direction; the opening depth of the groove is determined based on the wavelengths of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna; and, the spacing distance between the adjacent grooves is also determined according to the wavelengths of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna. The advantages are that the extending direction of the grooves is parallel to the long axis direction of the rectangular gap, so that the extending direction of the grooves is orthogonal to the surface wave propagation direction between the transmitting antenna and one of the receiving antennas; in tests, the arrangement mode brings 5-10 times of attenuation effect to surface wave propagation, and is remarkably superior to other signal attenuation modes, particularly to the baffle.
According to a preferred embodiment, the second choke groove is formed by at least two grooves extending in the short axis direction and the long axis direction, respectively, in an intersecting manner, and the vertex angle formed by the intersecting grooves is set with respect to the surface wave of the transmitting antenna so that the grooves of different extending directions suppress the surface wave in the respective directions. This has the advantage that the second choke groove, which is L-shaped, is able to suppress surface waves that the transmitting antenna passes to the receiving antenna in two orthogonal directions.
According to a preferred embodiment, the extension length of the groove constituting the second choke groove is larger than the extension length of the first rectangular window in the extension direction of the groove; the groove constituting the second choke groove between two adjacent vertex angle positions can suppress a surface wave between the reception antenna and the transmission antenna while suppressing a surface wave between the reception antennas disposed at two adjacent vertex angle positions. The second choke groove can suppress surface waves possibly existing between two adjacent groups of receiving antennas, so that each group of receiving antennas are independent and can completely and accurately receive and transmit signals.
According to a preferred embodiment, the separating screen is formed by a plurality of groups of strip-shaped projections parallel to one another, wherein the strip-shaped projections are arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides a processing method of the antenna system for the continuous wave radar, which at least comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a substrate made of an aluminum alloy material;
s2, forming a plurality of rectangular windows on the substrate in a manner of being lower than the upper surface of the substrate, wherein the rectangular windows are arranged in a rectangular checkerboard manner and comprise a first rectangular window for arranging a transmitting antenna and a second rectangular window for arranging a receiving antenna,
the opening planes of the first rectangular window and the second rectangular window are different from each other, wherein the plurality of second rectangular windows are arranged around the first rectangular window in a rectangular checkerboard manner;
and S3, a first rectangular notch serving as the transmitting antenna is formed in the first rectangular window, and a second rectangular notch serving as the receiving antenna is formed in the second rectangular window, so that the first rectangular notch and the second rectangular notch are different in surface.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a preferred antenna system for continuous wave radar in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system for continuous wave radar according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A schematic cross-sectional view A-A ofbase:Sub>A preferred antenna system for continuous wave radar in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view B-B of a preferred antenna system for continuous wave radar in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view at C-C of a preferred antenna system for continuous wave radar in accordance with the present invention.
List of reference numerals
1: a substrate; 11: a rectangular window; 12: a choke groove; 13: an isolation baffle; 111: a first rectangular window; 112: a second rectangular window; 121: a first choke groove; 122: a second choke groove; 131: lath-shaped bulges are arranged; 2: a rectangular notch; 21: a first rectangular notch; 22: a second rectangular notch.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The continuous wave radar has many advantages compared with the pulse radar, the continuous wave radar can easily obtain the maximum signal capability under the condition of small peak power, so that signals with high distance resolution and high speed resolution can be obtained, and no speed blur and distance blind area exist; the continuous wave radar has the advantages of small volume and light weight, and more importantly, belongs to the radar with low interception probability. However, continuous wave radar has a disadvantage compared to pulse radar, and due to the close distance between the receiving and transmitting antennas, the "leakage" of the transmitted signal in the receiving channel is relatively serious, which seriously affects the effective range and the measuring function of the continuous wave radar. Therefore, the isolation performance between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna of the continuous wave radar is critical to restrict the detection capability of the continuous wave radar. At present, the isolation problem between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna of the continuous wave radar is mainly solved by a signal cancellation technology, a signal processing technology and an isolation technology in the field.
The signal cancellation technique is to construct a cancellation signal with the same amplitude and frequency but 180 ° phase difference with the leakage signal, and to combine the cancellation signal with the leakage signal to cancel the leakage signal. The signal cancellation is divided into radio frequency cancellation and intermediate frequency cancellation. The radio frequency cancellation means that another branch is taken, based on the coupling signal, the amplitude modulation and the phase modulation are carried out through a device, so that the leakage signal is cancelled before entering the LNA. The disadvantages of radio frequency cancellation are: when the cancellation signal is introduced, some noise is carried, the sensitivity of the receiver is reduced, and therefore, the ideal effect cannot be achieved. The intermediate frequency cancellation is to make the receiving signal containing the leakage signal pass through the receiver to be converted to the intermediate frequency, then to feed a part of the transmitting signal to be converted to the same intermediate frequency, so as to form the cancellation signal at the intermediate frequency, and realize the intermediate frequency cancellation. The intermediate frequency cancellation technology is simple to operate and low in cost, and can avoid introduction of noise. However, the drawback of the if cancellation technique is that it cannot prevent the strong leakage signal from causing the saturation of the receiving front end, and its flexibility is low, and it needs to be implemented on the basis of the designed receiver.
The signal processing technique is to filter the received signal to extract effective information. However, the signal processing technique is computationally intensive and complex, and therefore, not only a long time and a large space resource are required in the processing process, but also an optimization algorithm is required, so that the technique is difficult to meet the requirements.
Isolation techniques include temporal isolation, frequency isolation, polarization isolation, and spatial isolation.
(1) Time isolation means that there is a difference in operating time between the receiver and the transmitter, which alternate between operating at different time periods. The technology is mainly applied to pulse radars which work in a time-sharing mode and can not be applied to continuous wave radars;
(2) Frequency isolation means that a frequency selection element is placed at the front end of a receiver, and different pair-air transmission frequencies and pair-ground transmission frequencies are used to achieve the effect of isolation, and the frequency difference between the pair-air transmission frequency and the pair-ground transmission frequency can reach hundreds of MHz. The technology is mainly applied to a high-power satellite communication station of which the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna can transmit signals with different frequencies, but the transmitting and receiving frequencies of the continuous wave radar are basically the same, so that the technology is difficult to be applied to the continuous wave radar;
(3) Polarization isolation means that a vertical or horizontal polarization transmitting antenna and a horizontal polarization receiving antenna are used, and the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna enable the polarization between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna to be opposite, so that no crosstalk phenomenon exists between microwaves generated by the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna. However, polarization isolation does not have a good isolation effect, because in practical application, the antenna has certain cross polarization, the technology is rarely used in continuous wave radars;
(4) Spatial isolation means that isolation is effectively improved by widening the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna or by loading some structure that suppresses propagation of leakage signals. The main principle of this technology is to reduce the propagation of space waves and surface waves by improving the transmission/reception coupling strength of the antenna, and the technology is mainly classified into a space wave suppression method and a surface wave suppression method. The technology can well reduce the signal leakage from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna, so the space isolation technology is commonly used for the continuous wave radar to improve the isolation between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.
In summary, reducing signal leakage is the key to improving the performance of continuous wave radar.
The receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna of the continuous wave radar are arranged in different planes, so that the plane where the receiving antenna is located and the plane where the transmitting antenna is located are not intersected with each other, the propagation path of the surface wave between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna is changed, the isolation between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna is obviously improved, the surface wave propagating between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna is inhibited, and the sensitivity of the continuous wave radar is improved.
Example 1
The present application provides an antenna system for a continuous wave radar comprising a substrate 1. The base plate 1 is made of a metal plate made of an aluminum alloy, and a rectangular window 11, a choke groove 12 and a rectangular notch 2 can be formed in the plate body by milling.
According to a particular embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the substrate 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped metal plate made of an aluminum alloy. The upper surface of the substrate 1 is divided into a plurality of rectangular lattices of the same size by planning a rectangular checkerboard, and the plurality of rectangular lattices are excavated by milling, so that a plurality of rectangular windows 11 are opened in the substrate 1. A set of transmitting antennas or a set of receiving antennas is constructed by means of further excavation within each rectangular window 11. The opening depth of the rectangular window 11 is selectively adjusted according to different transmitting antennas or receiving antennas constructed in the plane of the rectangular window, so that planes where the transmitting antennas or the receiving antennas are located on the same substrate 1 are not intersected with each other, plane waves generated by the rectangular window respectively can be inhibited by the relief profile of the surface of the substrate 1, the influence of surface waves on the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas is further reduced, the phenomenon that weak target echoes are submerged by the surface waves is avoided, and the sensitivity of the continuous wave radar is improved.
Preferably, the rectangular window 11 can be divided into a first rectangular window 111 for opening a set of transmitting antennas in the window plane and a second rectangular window 112 for opening a set of receiving antennas in the window plane. Further preferably, the first rectangular window 111 refers to the rectangular window 11 opened at the center position of the plate surface of the substrate 1. The second rectangular window 112 refers to 8 rectangular windows 11 surrounding the circumference of the first rectangular window 111 in a rectangular checkerboard fashion. Preferably, the rectangular checkerboard means that the plate surface of the substrate 1 is divided into a plurality of rectangular lattices, thereby forming a rectangular grid similar to the checkerboard. Preferably, the size of the unit cell of the rectangular grid may be set according to the sizes of the first and second rectangular windows 111 and 112. Preferably, the first rectangular window 111 and the second rectangular window 112 are spaced at least one unit cell apart from each other, so that there is an arrangement space between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, in which the choke groove 12 and the isolation baffle 13 for changing the propagation path of the surface wave can be arranged, thereby further reducing the influence of the surface wave on the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in signal transmission and signal reception.
Preferably, the opening depth of the first rectangular window 111 is different from the opening depth of the second rectangular window 112, so that the transmitting antenna disposed on the window surface of the first rectangular window 111 and the receiving antenna disposed on the window surface of the second rectangular window 112 are different from each other, and multiple sets of receiving antennas orderly arranged around the transmitting antenna are coplanar with each other. Preferably, the multiple groups of receiving antennas are located in a plane lower than the plane of the transmitting antennas. Preferably, the plane on which the transmitting antenna is located is one eighth to one half wavelength higher than the plane on which the receiving antenna is located, so that the height difference between the plane on which the transmitting antenna is located and the plane on which the receiving antenna is located is associated with the wavelength of the continuous wave, and further, a user can select the substrate 1 with the first rectangular window 111 and the second rectangular window 112 having different opening depths according to the wavelength of the continuous wave generated by the continuous wave radar, that is, the opening depths of the first rectangular window 111 and the second rectangular window 112 can be adaptively adjusted according to the wavelength of the continuous wave. Compared with the construction mode that the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are arranged in a coplanar manner in the prior art, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna which are arranged in different planes change the propagation path of the surface wave. Although the non-coplanar arrangement of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna increases the straight-line distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna by 10%. This arrangement, however, brings about an increase in isolation of the order of magnitude, about 10db, for the transmitting antenna from the receiving antenna. The arrangement of the transmitting and receiving antennas in different planes according to the invention only allows an increase in the thickness of the substrate 1 of about 5% compared to other spatial isolation solutions, without any significant change in the weight of the substrate 1. Therefore, the invention obviously improves the isolation between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna by arranging the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in different surfaces, and does not generate obvious expenditure or performance attenuation, thereby the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna can transmit and receive signals more accurately and effectively. Preferably, the feeding interfaces of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna which are located on different planes are arranged on the same plane height, so that the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna can be compatible with any existing equipment through the feeding interfaces, and the antenna system is convenient to connect or install with other equipment.
Preferably, a set of rectangular notches 2 are formed in the window surfaces of the first rectangular window 111 and the second rectangular window 112. Preferably, 4 mutually rotationally symmetrical rectangular notches 2 are formed in the window surface of one first rectangular window 111 or one second rectangular window 112. Further preferably, a rectangular notch 2 can serve as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. Preferably, the oblong notches 2 comprise a first oblong notch 21 opening in the window face of the first rectangular window 111, acting as a transmitting antenna, and a second oblong notch 22 opening in the window face of the second rectangular window 112, acting as a receiving antenna. Preferably, a plurality of second oblong slits 22 serving as receiving antennas coplanar with each other are arranged in a rectangular checkerboard manner around the first oblong slits 21 serving as transmitting antennas, so that a plurality of sets of second oblong slits 22 surround the first oblong slits 21 in a rotationally symmetric manner, so that the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas form a spatial separation when transmitting and receiving signals. Preferably, the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are identical in structure.
Preferably, four congruent first rectangular notches 21 are formed in the window surface of the first rectangular window 111. Four congruent second rectangular notches 22 are formed in the window surface of the second rectangular window 112. The first rectangular notch 21 and the second rectangular notch 22 are parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction, preferably parallel to each other. The minor axis directions of the first rectangular notch 21 and the second rectangular notch 22 are also parallel to each other, preferably parallel to each other. More preferably, the first rectangular notch 21 and the second rectangular notch 22 are both milled in the aluminum alloy substrate 1.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, in order to further improve the isolation between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, a choke groove 12 and an isolation baffle 13 are further provided on the substrate 1 to separate the first rectangular notch 21 and the second rectangular notch 22.
Preferably, the choke groove 12 includes a first choke groove 121 and a second choke groove 122. Preferably, the first choke groove 121 is formed by a plurality of parallel grooves extending in a straight-line slot manner, and the extending direction of the grooves is parallel to the long axis direction of the rectangular notch 2, that is, the extending direction of the grooves is transverse to the surface wave propagation direction between the transmitting antenna and one of the receiving antennas. Since the extending direction of the grooves is parallel to the long axis direction of the rectangular notch 2, the extending direction of the group of grooves is orthogonal to the surface wave propagation direction between the transmitting antenna and one of the receiving antennas. In tests, the arrangement mode brings about 5-10 times of attenuation effect to surface wave propagation, and is obviously superior to other signal attenuation modes, particularly to the baffle.
Preferably, the first choke groove 121 substantially occupies one checkerboard of the rectangular checkerboard, thereby constituting a signal block between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna which are linearly adjacent to the checkerboard.
The first choke groove 121 occupies a larger area of the rectangular checkerboard than the transmission antenna or the reception antenna.
The first choke groove 121 includes at least three parallel grooves having an extension length greater than those of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.
The opening depth of the groove is determined based on the wavelength of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.
The spacing distance between the grooves is determined according to the wavelengths of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.
Preferably, the second choke groove 122 is provided as an L-shaped groove in such a manner as to separate the second rectangular window 112 located at the four top corners of the substrate 1 from the other second rectangular window 112 and the first rectangular window 111, that is, the second choke groove 122 is constituted by at least one "L" -shaped groove, preferably a plurality of "L" -shaped grooves, for suppressing surface waves in two directions.
The second choke groove 122 is generally formed by the intersection of two grooves extending in a straight-line grooved manner.
Preferably, the vertical arms of the L-shaped recess and the horizontal arms of the L-shaped recess are of the same length as each other.
The apex angle of these straight-line grooves of the second choke groove 122 is arranged for the surface wave of the transmitting antenna.
The respective extending directions of these linear grooves of the second choke groove 122 are parallel to the major axis direction and the minor axis direction of the rectangular notch 2, respectively, which serve to suppress surface waves in the respective directions. Preferably, the respective direction refers to a direction other than parallel to the direction of extension of the groove, i.e. the propagation direction of the surface wave through the groove.
The extension length of these straight-line grooves of the second choke groove 122 is larger than those of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.
The two straight-line grooves arranged in the second choke groove 122 suppress not only surface waves between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna but also surface waves between the two receiving antennas.
The distance of separation between the grooves of the second choke groove 122 is determined according to the wavelengths of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and the opening depth thereof is also determined based on the wavelengths of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.
Preferably, the isolation barrier 13 is composed of a plurality of sets of lath-like protrusions 131 parallel to each other. These lath-like projections 131 are arranged between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in a manner transverse to the long axis direction of the rectangular notch 2. Preferably, the length extension direction of the multiple groups of parallel lath-shaped protrusions 131 is perpendicular to the long axis direction of the rectangular notch 2;
the lath-shaped protrusions 131 are left by milling excess material on the aluminum alloy substrate 1, i.e., the lath-shaped protrusions 131 are integrally connected with the substrate 1 in a non-adhesive manner.
Preferably, the separation barrier 13 includes at least three lath-shaped protrusions 131. The extension length of the lath-shaped protrusion 131 is greater than those of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.
Preferably, the height of the projection of the lath-shaped projection 131 is determined based on the wavelengths of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, that is, the height of the projection of the lath-shaped projection 131 varies following the wavelength of the continuous wave generated by the continuous wave radar, thereby effectively absorbing surface waves different in wavelength.
Preferably, the spacing distance between the adjacent lath-shaped protrusions 131 is determined according to the wavelengths of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, that is, the protrusion height of the lath-shaped protrusions 131 varies following the wavelength of the continuous wave generated by the continuous wave radar, thereby effectively absorbing surface waves having different wavelengths.
Example 2
This embodiment is a further improvement of embodiment 1, and repeated contents are not described again.
At least comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a substrate 1 made of an aluminum alloy material;
s2, opening a plurality of rectangular windows 11 on the substrate 1 in a manner lower than the upper surface of the substrate 1, wherein the rectangular windows 11 are arranged in a rectangular checkerboard manner, the rectangular windows 11 comprise a first rectangular window 111 for setting a transmitting antenna and a second rectangular window 112 for setting a receiving antenna,
the opening planes of the first rectangular window 111 and the second rectangular window 112 are different from each other, wherein the plurality of second rectangular windows 112 are arranged around the first rectangular window 111 in a rectangular checkerboard manner;
and S3, a first rectangular notch 21 serving as a transmitting antenna is formed in the first rectangular window 111, and a second rectangular notch 22 serving as a receiving antenna is formed in the second rectangular window 112, so that the first rectangular notch 21 and the second rectangular notch 22 are different in surface from each other.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. Throughout this document, the features referred to as "preferably" are only optional and should not be understood as necessarily requiring that such applicant reserves the right to disclaim or delete any relevant preferred feature at any time.
Claims (10)
1. An antenna system for continuous wave radar, comprising a substrate (1), a plurality of rectangular windows (11) opened on the substrate (1), wherein the rectangular windows (11) comprise a first rectangular window (111) for arranging a transmitting antenna and a second rectangular window (112) for arranging a receiving antenna, characterized in that,
a first rectangular notch (21) serving as a transmitting antenna is formed in the first rectangular window (111), and a second rectangular notch (22) serving as a receiving antenna is formed in the second rectangular window (112);
the first rectangular window (111) and the second rectangular window (112) are arranged in a way that the opening planes of the first rectangular window and the second rectangular window are different from each other, so that the first rectangular notch (21) and the second rectangular notch (22) are different from each other,
the second rectangular gaps (22) which are coplanar with each other and serve as the receiving antenna are arranged around the first rectangular gap (21) which serves as the transmitting antenna in a rectangular checkerboard manner, so that the second rectangular gaps (22) surround the first rectangular gap (21) in a rotationally symmetrical manner, and the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are separated from each other in a space during signal receiving and transmitting.
2. Antenna system for continuous wave radar according to claim 1, characterized in that a number of the second oblong gaps (22) acting as receiving antennas are arranged in such a way that they lie in a plane lower than the plane of the first oblong gaps (21) acting as transmitting antennas.
3. The antenna system for continuous wave radar according to claim 2, characterized in that four congruent shaped first oblong notches (21) are made in the first rectangular window (111);
four congruent second rectangular notches (22) are formed in the second rectangular window (112);
the long axis directions of the first rectangular notch (21) and the second rectangular notch (22) are parallel to each other, and the short axis directions of the first rectangular notch (21) and the second rectangular notch (22) are also parallel to each other.
4. The antenna system for continuous wave radar according to claim 3, characterized in that a choke groove (12) or an isolation baffle (13) is selectively provided on a portion of the substrate (1) between the first oblong cutout (21) and the second oblong cutout (22).
5. The antenna system for continuous wave radar according to claim 4,
a first choke groove (121) which can be used for suppressing surface waves in the short axis direction is arranged between the first rectangular window (111) and the second rectangular window (112) in the same short axis direction;
a second choke groove (122) capable of suppressing surface waves in two directions orthogonal to each other is provided between the second rectangular window (112) and the first rectangular window (111) at the top corner position of the substrate (1);
the isolation baffle (13) which can be used for inhibiting surface waves in the long axis direction is arranged between the first rectangular window (111) and the second rectangular window (112) which are positioned in the same long axis direction.
6. The antenna system for continuous wave radar according to claim 5,
the first choke groove (121) comprises at least three parallel grooves, wherein,
the extension length of the groove is larger than the extension lengths of the first rectangular window (111) and the second rectangular window (112) in the long axis direction;
the opening depth of the groove is determined based on the wavelengths of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna; and also,
the spacing distance between adjacent ones of the grooves is also determined according to the wavelengths of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna.
7. The antenna system for continuous wave radar according to claim 6,
the second choke groove (122) is formed by at least two grooves extending in the short axis direction and the long axis direction, respectively, in an intersecting manner, and,
the vertex angle formed by the crossed grooves is set for the surface wave of the transmitting antenna, so that the grooves in different extension directions respectively restrain the surface wave in the corresponding directions.
8. The antenna system for continuous wave radar according to claim 7, characterized in that an extension length of the groove constituting the second choke groove (122) is larger than an extension length of the first rectangular window (111) in an extension direction of the groove;
the groove constituting the second choke groove (122) between two adjacent vertex angle positions can suppress surface waves between the reception antenna and the transmission antenna while suppressing surface waves between the reception antennas disposed at two adjacent vertex angle positions.
9. The antenna system for continuous wave radar according to claim 8, characterized in that the isolation baffle (13) is composed of a plurality of sets of strip-like projections (131) parallel to each other, wherein the strip-like projections (131) are arranged between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in a manner transverse to the long axis direction.
10. A method of manufacturing an antenna system for a continuous wave radar, comprising at least the steps of:
s1, providing a substrate (1) made of an aluminum alloy material;
s2, opening a plurality of rectangular windows (11) on the substrate (1) in a manner of being lower than the upper surface of the substrate (1), wherein the rectangular windows (11) are arranged in a rectangular checkerboard manner, the rectangular windows (11) comprise a first rectangular window (111) for arranging a transmitting antenna and a second rectangular window (112) for arranging a receiving antenna,
the opening planes of the first rectangular window (111) and the second rectangular window (112) are different from each other, wherein a plurality of second rectangular windows (112) are arranged around the first rectangular window (111) in a rectangular checkerboard manner;
s3, a first rectangular notch (21) serving as the transmitting antenna is formed in the first rectangular window (111), a second rectangular notch (22) serving as the receiving antenna is formed in the second rectangular window (112), and the first rectangular notch (21) and the second rectangular notch (22) are made to be different in surface.
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| US6344829B1 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2002-02-05 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | High-isolation, common focus, transmit-receive antenna set |
| CN107275776A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-20 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | A kind of SIW gaps crossfeed array antenna system |
| CN107437660A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-05 | 湖南华诺星空电子技术有限公司 | A kind of antenna assembly of Step Frequency continuous wave through-wall radar |
| CN114665267A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-06-24 | 南京国睿防务系统有限公司 | Small-caliber continuous wave radar array surface receiving and transmitting antenna broadband high-isolation design |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10454180B2 (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-10-22 | Raytheon Company | Isolation barrier |
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| US6344829B1 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2002-02-05 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | High-isolation, common focus, transmit-receive antenna set |
| CN107275776A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-20 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | A kind of SIW gaps crossfeed array antenna system |
| CN107437660A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-05 | 湖南华诺星空电子技术有限公司 | A kind of antenna assembly of Step Frequency continuous wave through-wall radar |
| CN114665267A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-06-24 | 南京国睿防务系统有限公司 | Small-caliber continuous wave radar array surface receiving and transmitting antenna broadband high-isolation design |
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