CN114976078A - Platinum-carbon catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Platinum-carbon catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8817—Treatment of supports before application of the catalytic active composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a platinum-carbon catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, wherein ammonium salt and a carbon carrier are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.02-0.20: 1, and are roasted to obtain a modified carbon carrier; mixing the modified carbon carrier with a platinum-containing solution to obtain a mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 5.0-9.0 by using ammonia water, pouring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle after ultrasonic treatment, introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle, heating to 70-150 ℃ when the oxygen concentration in the reaction kettle is lower than 0.1 vol%, then introducing hydrogen into the reaction kettle, stirring at the speed of 200 plus materials and 500rpm for 30-90min, stopping heating and stirring, stopping introducing hydrogen and introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle to replace hydrogen when the temperature in the reaction kettle is reduced to below 50 ℃, and after hydrogen replacement is complete, performing solid-liquid separation, alcohol washing and drying to obtain the platinum-carbon catalyst. The platinum carbon catalyst prepared by the method has excellent electrochemical performance, and the electrochemical active area is obviously higher than that of the platinum carbon catalyst popular in the current market.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a platinum-carbon catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of catalysts.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) can directly convert chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy, have the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, low operating temperature, clean raw materials and products, and the like, and are considered to be one of the most ideal new energy technologies at present. However, the key problem facing its development is the mismatch between the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) rate at the cathode and the hydrogen oxidation reaction rate at the anode, and the solution is to increase the reactivity of the fuel cell catalyst, thereby accelerating the ORR reaction rate at the cathode. The Pt metal is the most important catalyst in the current oxygen reduction reaction application due to its superior catalytic effect, but how to better improve its catalytic activity and maintain its long-term stability is the current research hotspot.
At present, the preparation method of the platinum carbon catalyst mainly comprises an immersion method, a colloid method and an atomic layer deposition method (Wei, Du Bin, Liu Chang Peng, etc. the preparation method of the platinum/carbon electrocatalyst of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell comprises the steps of China, 1452261A [ P ]. 2003-10-29; Yangting, Cao Chaocai, stretching flame peak, preparation and property of the novel nanometer rare earth catalyst of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) [ J ]. inorganic material academic newspaper, 2004,19(4):921 925 ]. Among them, the impregnation method is a method for preparing a catalyst which is commonly used at present. The capillary pressure generated based on the surface tension causes the liquid containing the Pt precursor to permeate into the capillary and adsorb on the surface of the support. The Pt nano particles prepared by the method are uniformly dispersed, but the loading capacity is not easy to control. The colloidal method is a method in which a metal precursor solution is prepared in a precipitate or gel form and then adsorbed on a carrier. The catalyst prepared by the colloid method has smaller grain size which can reach 1.5-3.0 nm, and is more uniformly dispersed. However, during the hydrolysis process, the pH value and the aging time of the solution have great influence on the formation of colloid, the size of particles and the stability of colloid. Atomic layer deposition is a modified chemical vapor deposition technique that utilizes self-limiting surface reactions caused by alternating exposure of vaporized precursors in cycles to deposit materials with high aspect ratio and sub-nanometer precision in thickness. But during atomic deposition can lead to the formation of dense films, so that certain reaction chemistries can lead to the nucleation of isolated islands on the growth surface, which increase with increasing cycle times and eventually merge into a thin film.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a platinum-carbon catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with better electrochemical activity; the invention also aims to provide a platinum-carbon catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the platinum-carbon catalyst for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing ammonium salt and a carbon carrier according to the mass ratio of 0.02-0.20: 1, roasting for 2-4h at 400 ℃ in an air atmosphere, washing with water, and drying to obtain a modified carbon carrier;
s2, mixing the modified carbon carrier with a platinum-containing solution to obtain a mixed solution;
wherein the concentration of platinum in the platinum-containing solution is 0.30-10 g/L; in the mixed solution, the mass ratio of platinum to the modified carbon carrier is 1: 1-9;
s3, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 5.0-9.0, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5-3h, pouring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle, heating to 70-150 ℃ when the oxygen concentration in the reaction kettle is lower than 0.1 vol%, then introducing hydrogen into the reaction kettle, controlling the hydrogen partial pressure in the reaction kettle to be 0.3-0.8 MPa, stirring at the speed of 200 plus materials and 500rpm for 30-90min, stopping heating and stirring, stopping introducing hydrogen and introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle to replace hydrogen when the temperature in the reaction kettle is reduced to below 50 ℃, and carrying out solid-liquid separation, alcohol washing and drying after the hydrogen is completely replaced to obtain the platinum-carbon catalyst.
Preferably, in S1, water washing is performed with pure water.
Preferably, in S1, the drying mode is vacuum drying.
Further, in S1, the ammonium salt is one or more of ammonium phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, in S1, the mass ratio of the ammonium salt to the carbon carrier is 0.04-0.18: 1, and further 0.06:0.15: 1.
Further, in S1, the carbon carrier is one or more of ketjen black, cabot carbon black, acetylene carbon black, and carbon nanotubes.
Further, the particle diameters of the Ketjen black, the carbon black of the Kabot and the carbon black of the acetylene are 30-60nm, and the particle diameter of the carbon nano tube is 10-30 nm.
Further, in S2, the platinum-containing solution is an aqueous solution of platinum nitrate and/or chloroplatinic acid.
Further, in S3, the pH of the mixed solution was adjusted to 5.0 to 9.0 with ammonia water.
Further, in S3, the concentration of the aqueous ammonia is 25 to 28 wt%.
Further, in S3, the purity of the hydrogen is not less than 99.99 vol%; the inert gas is nitrogen or argon with the purity of not less than 99.99 vol%.
Further, in S3, the stirring speed is 300-450rpm, and further 350-400 rpm. The applicant has found that the stirring speed cannot be too low or too high, otherwise excellent electrochemical performance cannot be obtained, possibly for the following reasons: when the stirring speed is too low, the contact between hydrogen and a liquid phase reaction system is insufficient, and the pressure reduction effect is not ideal, so that the performance of the obtained platinum-carbon catalyst is poor; when the stirring speed is too high, although the hydrogen gas is sufficiently contacted with the liquid phase reaction system, the stirring intensity is too intense, and the platinum originally loaded on the carbon carrier may be detached, so that the performance of the obtained platinum-carbon catalyst is not ideal.
Further, in S3, one or more of methanol, ethanol, and propanol is used for alcohol washing.
Generally, in S3, the hydrogen gas can be completely replaced by continuously introducing inert gas for 3-10 min.
The platinum-carbon catalyst for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is prepared by the preparation method.
Firstly, uniformly mixing a carbon carrier and ammonium salt, and roasting in an air atmosphere to prepare a modified carbon carrier doped with nitrogen elements; and then mixing the modified carbon carrier with a platinum-containing solution, adjusting the pH, and performing pressure reduction in a reaction kettle by using hydrogen to produce the platinum-carbon catalyst.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the platinum-carbon catalyst prepared by the method has excellent electrochemical performance, and the electrochemical active area reaches 69m 2 ·g -1 The electrochemical active area is obviously higher than that of the platinum-carbon catalyst popular in the current market;
(2) the pretreatment method for the carbon carrier is simple to operate, and the specific surface area of the carbon carrier can be increased by doping nitrogen, so that the carbon carrier has local structural defects, and the uniform loading of platinum and the improvement of catalytic performance are facilitated;
(3) according to the invention, hydrogen is used as a reducing agent of the reaction system, so that impurity elements are not introduced in the reduction process, and the influence of the impurity elements on the catalyst is avoided;
(4) the invention carries out pressurized hydrogen reduction under the condition of a liquid phase system, the reaction process is controllable, the reduced platinum powder is uniformly distributed on the carbon carrier, and the catalytic performance is good;
(5) compared with the traditional method for preparing the platinum-carbon catalyst by an impregnation method, the method disclosed by the invention does not need a rotary evaporation process, is environment-friendly and has short preparation time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of a platinum-carbon catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cyclic voltammogram of the 20% Pt/C catalyst and 20% Pt/C-TKK prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a cyclic voltammogram of 50% Pt/C catalyst and 50% Pt/C-TKK prepared in example 2.
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of the 20% Pt/C catalyst prepared in example 1.
FIG. 5 is a TEM image of the 50% Pt/C catalyst prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
The preparation method of the platinum-carbon catalyst for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell of the embodiment is as follows:
(1) respectively weighing 0.02g of ammonium phosphate and 1.0g of Ketjen black, uniformly mixing in a quartz boat, transferring to a tube furnace, adjusting the roasting temperature to 220 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4h, cooling to room temperature, adding 100ml of pure water, washing and filtering for three times, transferring a filter cake to a vacuum drying oven, controlling the drying temperature to 60 ℃, and drying for 3h to obtain the modified porous carbon carrier.
(2) 12.50ml of a platinum nitrate solution having a platinum concentration of 10g/L was weighed and added to 60ml of pure water to obtain a diluted platinum nitrate solution. Weighing 0.5g of the modified porous carbon carrier subjected to roasting pretreatment, adding the modified porous carbon carrier into a diluted platinum nitrate solution to obtain a mixed solution, dropwise adding 25 wt% of ammonia water into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to 6.12, stirring for 4h, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, and introducing 0.1MPa Ar (the concentration is not lower than 99.99 vol%) into the reaction kettle. When the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the reaction kettle is tested to be 0.09 vol% by an oxygen concentration tester, heating and raising the temperature, when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, introducing hydrogen with the concentration not lower than 99.99 vol% by using the hydrogen partial pressure of 0.5MPa, controlling the stirring speed to be 300rpm, stopping heating and stirring after reacting for 80min, when the temperature is reduced to below 50 ℃, introducing Ar with the pressure of 0.2MPa to replace the hydrogen, continuously introducing the argon for 5min, starting the reaction kettle, filtering the obtained solution, and washing the solution with ethanol for three times. And transferring the filter cake to a vacuum drying oven, controlling the drying temperature to be 40 ℃, and drying for 4 hours to obtain the 20% Pt/C catalyst.
The cyclic voltammetry was carried out using a three-electrode system using 20% Pt/C catalyst prepared in example 1 and 20% Pt/C-TKK (brand: TANAKA, model: TEC10E 20E): Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, platinum wire as counter electrode, and 0.1M HClO as electrolyte 4 The scanning speed of the solution is 20 mV.s -1 The scanning voltage is-0.23-0.77V (vs. Ag/AgCl). As shown in FIG. 2, the electrochemical activity area of the 20% Pt/C catalyst prepared in this example 1 reached 68.95m 2 ·g -1 While the electrochemical active area of 20% Pt/C-TKK under the same test condition is 59.74m 2 ·g -1 。
Example 2
The preparation method of the platinum-carbon catalyst for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell of the embodiment is as follows:
(1) respectively weighing 0.2g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.0g of cabot carbon black, uniformly mixing in a quartz boat, transferring to a tubular furnace, adjusting the roasting temperature to 350 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, washing and filtering with pure water for three times, transferring a filter cake to a vacuum drying oven, controlling the drying temperature to 60 ℃, and drying for 3 hours to obtain the modified porous carbon carrier.
(2) 50ml of chloroplatinic acid solution with platinum concentration of 10g/L is measured and added into 75ml of pure water to obtain diluted chloroplatinic acid solution. Weighing 0.5g of the modified porous carbon carrier subjected to roasting pretreatment, adding the modified porous carbon carrier into a diluted chloroplatinic acid solution to obtain a mixed solution, dropwise adding 25 wt% of ammonia water into the mixed solution to adjust the pH to 8.31, stirring for 4h, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 180min, transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, and introducing 0.1MPa Ar (the concentration is not lower than 99.99 vol%) into the reaction kettle. When the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the reaction kettle is tested to be 0.08% by an oxygen concentration tester, heating is started, when the temperature reaches 120 ℃, hydrogen with the concentration not lower than 99.99 vol% is introduced at the hydrogen partial pressure of 0.4MPa, the stirring speed is controlled to be 500rpm, after the reaction is carried out for 40min, when the temperature is reduced to be lower than 50 ℃, Ar with the pressure of 0.2MPa is introduced to replace the hydrogen, after the argon is continuously introduced for 5min, the reaction kettle is opened, and the obtained solution is filtered and washed by ethanol for three times. And transferring the filter cake to a vacuum drying oven, controlling the drying temperature to be 40 ℃, and drying for 4 hours to obtain the 50% Pt/C catalyst.
The 50% Pt/C catalyst prepared in example 2 was subjected to cyclic voltammetry with 50% Pt/C-TKK (brand: TANAKA, model: TEC10E50E) using a three-electrode system: Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, platinum wire as counter electrode, and 0.1M HClO as electrolyte 4 The scanning speed of the solution is 20 mV.s -1 The scanning voltage is-0.23-0.77V (vs. Ag/AgCl). As can be seen from the calculation of FIG. 2, the 50% electrocatalyst prepared in this example 2 has an electrochemically active area of 61.53m 2 ·g -1 While the electrochemical active area of 50% Pt/C-TKK under the same test condition is 51.42m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 1
Example 1 was repeated with the only difference that: when the temperature in the reaction kettle is 160 ℃ in the pressurized hydrogen reduction process, the electrochemical active area of the prepared 20 percent Pt/C catalyst is 49.82m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 2
Example 2 was repeated with the only difference that: when the temperature in the reaction kettle is 160 ℃ in the pressurized hydrogen reduction process, the electrochemical active area of the prepared 50 percent Pt/C catalyst is 44.15m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 3
Example 1 was repeated with the only difference that: when the temperature in the reaction kettle is 60 ℃ in the pressurized hydrogen reduction process, the electrochemical active area of the prepared 20 percent Pt/C catalyst is 38.20m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 4
Example 2 was repeated with the only difference that: when the temperature in the reaction kettle is 60 ℃ in the pressurized hydrogen reduction process, the electrochemical active area of the prepared 50 percent Pt/C catalyst is 35.37m 2 ·g -1 。
Example 3
Example 1 was repeated with the only difference that: temperature in reaction kettle in pressurized hydrogen reduction processThe electrochemical active area of the prepared 20 percent Pt/C catalyst is 65.87m at 150 DEG C 2 ·g -1 。
Example 4
Example 2 was repeated with the only difference that: when the temperature in the reaction kettle is 150 ℃ in the pressurized hydrogen reduction process, the electrochemical active area of the prepared 50 percent Pt/C catalyst is 62.59m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 5
Example 1 was repeated with the only difference that: dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH value of the solution to be 3.05, wherein the electrochemical active area of the prepared 20% Pt/C catalyst is 33.56m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 6
Example 2 was repeated with the only difference that: dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH value of the solution to be 3.08, and the electrochemical active area of the prepared 50% Pt/C catalyst is 30.75m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 7
Example 1 was repeated with the only difference that: dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH value of the solution to be 10.15, and the electrochemical active area of the prepared 20% Pt/C catalyst is 49.76m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 8
Example 2 was repeated with the only difference that: dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH value of the solution to be 10.12, and the electrochemical active area of the prepared 50% Pt/C catalyst is 43.48m 2 ·g -1 。
Example 5
Example 1 was repeated with the only difference that: dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH value of the solution to be 5.02, wherein the electrochemical active area of the prepared 20% Pt/C catalyst is 67.93m 2 ·g -1 。
Example 6
Example 2 was repeated with the only difference that: dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH value of the solution to be 5.04, and the electrochemical active area of the prepared 50% Pt/C catalyst is 62.48m 2 ·g -1 。
Example 7
Example 1 was repeated with the only difference that: dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH of the solution to be 895, the electrochemical active area of the prepared 20% Pt/C catalyst is 69.32m 2 ·g -1 。
Example 8
Example 2 was repeated with the only difference that: dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH value of the solution to be 8.90, and the electrochemical active area of the prepared 50% Pt/C catalyst is 60.25m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 9
Example 1 was repeated with the only difference that: in the step (2), the stirring speed is controlled to be 180rpm, and the electrochemical activity area of the prepared 20% Pt/C catalyst is 45.35m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 10
Example 1 was repeated with the only difference that: in the step (2), the stirring speed is controlled to be 520rpm, and the electrochemical active area of the prepared 20 percent Pt/C catalyst is 49.78m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 11
Example 2 was repeated with the only difference that: in the step (2), the stirring speed is controlled to be 180rpm, and the electrochemical active area of the prepared 50 percent Pt/C catalyst is 44.37m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 12
Example 2 was repeated with the only difference that: in the step (2), the stirring speed is controlled to be 520rpm, and the electrochemical active area of the prepared 50 percent Pt/C catalyst is 42.69m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 13
Example 1 was repeated with the only difference that: the Ketjen black was directly treated without the step (1), and the prepared 20% Pt/C catalyst had an electrochemical active area of 48.75m 2 ·g -1 。
Comparative example 14
Example 2 was repeated with the only difference that: the step (1) is omitted, and the cabot black is directly treated to prepare the 50 percent Pt/C catalyst with the electrochemical active area of 46.39m 2 ·g -1 。
The foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as modified in all equivalent forms, by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the platinum-carbon catalyst for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing ammonium salt and a carbon carrier according to the mass ratio of 0.02-0.20: 1, roasting for 2-4h at 400 ℃ in an air atmosphere, washing with water, and drying to obtain a modified carbon carrier;
s2, mixing the modified carbon carrier with a platinum-containing solution to obtain a mixed solution;
wherein the concentration of platinum in the platinum-containing solution is 0.30-10 g/L; in the mixed solution, the mass ratio of platinum to the modified carbon carrier is 1: 1-9;
s3, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 5.0-9.0, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5-3h, pouring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle, heating to 70-150 ℃ when the oxygen concentration in the reaction kettle is lower than 0.1 vol%, then introducing hydrogen into the reaction kettle, controlling the hydrogen partial pressure in the reaction kettle to be 0.3-0.8 MPa, stirring at the speed of 200 plus materials and 500rpm for 30-90min, stopping heating and stirring, stopping introducing hydrogen and introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle to replace hydrogen when the temperature in the reaction kettle is reduced to below 50 ℃, and carrying out solid-liquid separation, alcohol washing and drying after the hydrogen is completely replaced to obtain the platinum-carbon catalyst.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the ammonium salt is one or more of ammonium phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the carbon carrier is one or more selected from Ketjen black, carbon nanotube, and acetylene black.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the platinum-containing solution is an aqueous solution of platinum nitrate and/or chloroplatinic acid.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 5.0 to 9.0 with aqueous ammonia in S3.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the concentration of the aqueous ammonia solution in S3 is 25 to 28 wt%.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the purity of hydrogen is not less than 99.99 vol%; the inert gas is nitrogen or argon with the purity of not less than 99.99 vol%.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the stirring speed is 300-450 rpm.
9. A platinum-carbon catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, characterized by being prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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