CN114976013B - Preparation method of battery anode material - Google Patents
Preparation method of battery anode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114976013B CN114976013B CN202210706958.7A CN202210706958A CN114976013B CN 114976013 B CN114976013 B CN 114976013B CN 202210706958 A CN202210706958 A CN 202210706958A CN 114976013 B CN114976013 B CN 114976013B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a battery cathode material, which comprises the following steps of 1, mixing graphite raw materials, crushing, grinding and grading to obtain aggregate; step 2, mixing aggregate and an adhesive according to a preset proportion, and then carrying out low-temperature heat treatment; step 3, graphitizing the material subjected to low-temperature heat treatment after screening treatment; step 4, carrying out liquid phase coating on the graphitized material and a liquid phase coating agent; and 5, carbonizing the product obtained in the step 4, and sieving and demagnetizing to obtain the graphite anode material. The preparation process is optimized, so that the quick charge capacity and the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery can be considered, and the quality of the battery can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a battery anode material.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the characteristics of higher energy density, long cycle life, no memory effect and the like, and is widely applied to 3C consumer batteries and power batteries. Graphite has lower lithium intercalation potential and stable lamellar structure, and is a main-stream negative electrode material of lithium ion batteries. As the requirements of consumers on the quick charge performance are higher, the graphite negative electrode serving as a material for containing lithium ions cannot meet the high-rate quick charge capability.
The existing graphite material cannot achieve the quick charge performance, the high-temperature cycle performance and the storage performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the preparation method of the battery cathode material is provided, and the preparation process is optimized, so that the quick charge capacity and the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery can be considered, and the quality of the battery can be improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a battery anode material comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing graphite raw materials, crushing, grinding and grading to obtain aggregate;
step 2, mixing aggregate and an adhesive according to a preset proportion, and then carrying out low-temperature heat treatment;
step 3, graphitizing the material subjected to low-temperature heat treatment after screening treatment;
step 4, carrying out liquid phase coating on the graphitized material and a liquid phase coating agent;
and 5, carbonizing the product obtained in the step 4, and sieving and demagnetizing to obtain the graphite anode material.
Preferably, the graphite raw material is at least one of isotropic petroleum raw coke or isotropic square coke, and the true density of the graphite raw material is 1.28-1.52 g/cm 3 The volatile component is 5% -8%, the sulfur content is less than 1%, and the Dv50 of the aggregate is 4-10 um.
Preferably, the adhesive is asphalt or resin, and the adhesive is ground into powder with Dv50 of 3-7 um and coking value of 13-60%.
Preferably, in the step 2, the preset ratio is 100: 8-15, the stirring speed is 5-35 Hz, the heating range is 25-560 ℃, and the heating speed is 2-5 ℃/min.
Preferably, in the step 3, the graphitization temperature is 2700 ℃ to 3200 ℃, the graphitization degree is more than 92%, and the graphitization time is 40 to 60 hours.
Preferably, in the step 4, the liquid phase coating agent is formed by mixing solid aluminum fluoride powder and a liquid phase solvent, wherein the liquid phase solvent is at least one of anthracene oil, castor oil and liquid phase resin, and the density of the liquid phase solvent is 0.7-1.7 g/cm 3 The coking value is 10-40%.
Preferably, in the step 5, the carbonization temperature is 1200 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 4, graphitized materials and the liquid phase coating agent are added into a fusion machine according to the proportion of 10-30% for normal-temperature fusion, the rotating speed of the fusion machine is 20-50 Hz, and the fusion time is 3-6 min.
Preferably, in the step 2, the weight ratio of the adhesive is 5% -20%, and the aggregate and the adhesive are placed in a horizontal kettle to be stirred and inert gas is introduced.
Preferably, in the step 3, the product in the step 4 is filled into a graphite crucible and then sent into a roller kiln for carbonization.
The invention has the advantages that the process is simple and easy to realize industrialization, the steps are fewer, two substances can be coated on the surface of the graphite, the process is mature, the large-scale mass production is facilitated, the aluminum fluoride coating layer prevents the graphite from being directly contacted with electrolyte, the first irreversible reaction is avoided, the first efficiency and the circulation stability are improved, meanwhile, aluminum fluoride is introduced, the impedance of the composite material is reduced, the reaction power of the material in the circulation process is improved, the lithium ions can be quickly inserted and extracted under a high multiplying power, and the quick charge performance and the high temperature performance of the graphite material can be effectively improved.
Drawings
Features, advantages, and technical effects of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of example 2 in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that a hardware manufacturer may refer to the same component by different names. The description and claims do not take the form of an element differentiated by name, but rather by functionality. As used throughout the specification and claims, the word "comprise" is an open-ended term, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. By "substantially" is meant that within an acceptable error range, a person skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range, substantially achieving the technical effect.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1 to 3, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The preparation method of the battery anode material comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing graphite raw materials, crushing, grinding and grading to obtain aggregate;
step 2, mixing aggregate and an adhesive according to a preset proportion, and then carrying out low-temperature heat treatment;
step 3, graphitizing the material subjected to low-temperature heat treatment after screening treatment;
step 4, carrying out liquid phase coating on the graphitized material and a liquid phase coating agent;
and 5, carbonizing the product obtained in the step 4, and sieving and demagnetizing to obtain the graphite anode material.
It should be noted that: the liquid phase coating agent comprises aluminum fluoride solid powder and a liquid phase solvent, wherein the aluminum fluoride is a common inorganic substance in the market, the liquid phase solvent is common anthracene oil, coal tar and other cheap organic substances, the material cost is reduced, the process is simple, industrialization is easy to realize, the steps are fewer, the two substances can be coated on the surface of graphite, the process is mature, the large-scale production is facilitated, the aluminum fluoride coating layer prevents the direct contact of graphite and electrolyte, the first irreversible reaction is avoided, the first efficiency and the circulation stability are improved, meanwhile, aluminum fluoride is introduced, the impedance of the composite material is reduced, the reaction power of the material in the circulation process is improved, the lithium ions can be quickly embedded and extracted under high multiplying power, and the quick charge performance and the high temperature performance of the graphite material can be effectively improved.
In the preparation method of the battery anode material according to the invention, the graphite raw material is at least one of isotropic petroleum raw coke or isotropic square coke, and the true density of the graphite raw material is 1.28-1.52 g/cm 3 The volatile component is 5% -8%, the sulfur content is less than 1%, and the Dv50 of the graphite raw material which is ground into aggregate is 4-10 um.
In the preparation method of the battery anode material according to the invention, the adhesive is asphalt or resin, and the adhesive is ground into Dv50 of 3-7 um and the coking value of 13-60%. The adhesive is common medium-temperature asphalt, resin and the like, and the uniformly mixed materials are subjected to low-temperature heat treatment in a coating kettle, and the treatment temperature is in accordance with a temperature rising curve.
In the preparation method of the battery anode material according to the present invention, in step 2, the preset ratio is 100: 8-15, stirring speed is 5-35 Hz, heating range is 25-560 ℃, heating speed is 2-5 ℃/min, wherein heat preservation is carried out when reaching 370 ℃, heat preservation time is 70-120 min, heat preservation is carried out when reaching 560 ℃, and heat preservation time is 60-90 min.
In the preparation method of the battery anode material, in the step 3, the material subjected to low-temperature heat treatment is subjected to simple screening and then is subjected to graphitization, the graphitization temperature is 2700-3200 ℃, the graphitization degree is more than 92%, and the graphitization time is 40-60 h.
In the preparation method of the battery anode material according to the present invention, in step 4, the liquid phase coating agent is formed by mixing aluminum fluoride solid powder and a liquid phase solvent, the liquid phase solvent is at least one of anthracene oil, castor oil and liquid phase resin, and the density of the liquid phase solvent is 0.7-1.7 g/cm 3 The coking value is 10-40%, wherein, aluminum fluoride is dispersed in the liquid phase coating agent and uniformly dispersedAnd then the mixture is added into a fusion machine to be coated with graphite.
In the preparation method of the battery anode material, in the step 5, the highest temperature of carbonization is 1200 ℃, the anode graphite material with good charging performance and good high-temperature performance can be obtained after carbonization, the furnace temperature in the carbonization process is increased to 1200 ℃ from room temperature and is higher than the melting point 1040 ℃ of aluminum fluoride, and the anode graphite material is melted and then is infiltrated into amorphous carbon gaps, cooled and then solidified in a coating layer.
In the preparation method of the battery anode material, in the step 4, graphitized materials and a liquid phase coating agent are added into a fusion machine according to the proportion of 10-30% for normal-temperature fusion, the rotation speed of the fusion machine is 20-50 Hz, and the fusion time is 3-6 min, so that the co-coating of an organic solvent and aluminum fluoride can be completed.
In the preparation method of the battery anode material, in the step 2, the weight ratio of the binder is 5% -20%, and the aggregate and the binder are placed in a horizontal kettle to be stirred and inert gas is introduced.
In the preparation method of the battery cathode material according to the invention, in the step 3, the product of the step 4 is filled into a graphite crucible and then sent into a roller kiln for carbonization.
Example 1
1) Crushing, grinding and grading the petroleum raw coke to obtain aggregates with Dv50 of 4-10 respectively;
2) Adding 8% medium-temperature asphalt into a horizontal kettle, stirring and dynamically granulating, introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle, wherein the stirring speed of heat treatment is 15Hz, the heating range is 25-560 ℃, the heating speed is controlled to be 2-4 ℃/min, the heat preservation time at 350 ℃ is 70-110 min, and the heat preservation time at 560 ℃ is 60-90 min;
3) Loading the mixture into a graphite crucible for graphitization after screening treatment, wherein the graphitization atmosphere is protected by inert gas, the graphitization temperature is 3000 ℃, and the graphitization time is 48 hours;
4) Adding an aluminum fluoride liquid phase solvent with the mass ratio of 10% into a fusion machine for normal-temperature fusion, wherein the rotating speed is 20-50 Hz, and the fusion time is 3-6 min, so that the co-coating of the organic solvent and the aluminum fluoride can be completed;
5) And loading the fusion materials into a graphite crucible, then delivering the graphite crucible into a roller kiln for carbonization, wherein the highest carbonization temperature is 1200 ℃, and directly screening and demagnetizing after carbonization to obtain a final product.
Example 2
1) Crushing, grinding and grading the petroleum raw coke to obtain aggregates with Dv50 of 4-10 respectively;
2) Adding 8% medium-temperature asphalt, stirring in a horizontal kettle, granulating dynamically, and introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle. The stirring speed of the heat treatment is 15Hz, the heating range is 25-560 ℃, the heating speed is controlled to be 2-4 ℃/min, wherein the heat preservation time at 350 ℃ is 70-110 min, and the heat preservation time at 560 ℃ is 60-90 min;
3) Loading the mixture into a graphite crucible for graphitization after screening treatment, wherein the graphitization atmosphere is protected by inert gas, the graphitization temperature is 3000 ℃, and the graphitization time is 48 hours;
4) Adding an aluminum fluoride liquid phase solvent with the mass ratio of 5% into a fusion machine for normal-temperature fusion, wherein the rotating speed is 20-50 Hz, and the fusion time is 3-6 min, so that the co-coating of the organic solvent and the aluminum fluoride can be completed;
5) And loading the fusion materials into a graphite crucible, then delivering the graphite crucible into a roller kiln for carbonization, wherein the highest carbonization temperature is 1200 ℃, and directly screening and demagnetizing after carbonization to obtain a final product.
Comparative example 1
1) Crushing, grinding and grading the petroleum raw coke to obtain aggregates with Dv50 of 4-10 respectively;
2) Adding 8% medium-temperature asphalt, stirring in a horizontal kettle, granulating dynamically, and introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle. The stirring speed of the heat treatment is 15Hz, the heating range is 25-560 ℃, the heating speed is controlled to be 2-4 ℃/min, wherein the heat preservation time at 350 ℃ is 70-110 min, and the heat preservation time at 560 ℃ is 60-90 min;
3) Loading the mixture into a graphite crucible for graphitization after screening treatment, wherein the graphitization atmosphere is protected by inert gas, the graphitization temperature is 3000 ℃, and the graphitization time is 48 hours;
4) Only adding the liquid phase solvent into a fusion machine for normal temperature fusion, wherein the rotation speed is 20-50 Hz, and the fusion time is 3-6 min;
5) And loading the fusion materials into a graphite crucible, then delivering the graphite crucible into a roller kiln for carbonization, wherein the highest carbonization temperature is 1200 ℃, and directly screening and demagnetizing after carbonization to obtain a final product.
Manufacturing a lithium ion half battery: using the materials of examples 1 to 2 and comparative example 1 as electrode materials, button lithium ion half cells were assembled together with separators and electrolytes in a glove box filled with argon gas, and gram capacity was measured.
Preparation of lithium ion soft package battery:
1) Positive pole sheet making: uniformly mixing lithium cobaltate, conductive carbon and an adhesive (polyvinylidene fluoride) in an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent according to a mass ratio of 97.6:1.1:1.3 to prepare positive electrode slurry, coating the positive electrode slurry on an aluminum foil, drying the aluminum foil, and then carrying out cold pressing and cutting to prepare a positive electrode plate;
2) Negative pole film-making: graphite, CMC, SBR prepared in examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1 were mixed in a mass ratio of 98: uniformly mixing the materials in deionized water according to the ratio of 0.8:1.2 to prepare negative electrode slurry, coating the negative electrode slurry on a copper foil, drying the copper foil, and then carrying out cold pressing and cutting to prepare a negative electrode plate;
3) And (3) manufacturing an electric core: and superposing the positive plate, the conventional diaphragm and the negative plate to prepare a laminated cell, wherein the positive electrode is led out by spot welding of an aluminum tab, the negative electrode is led out by spot welding of a nickel tab, then the cell is placed in an aluminum plastic packaging bag, high-voltage electrolyte is injected, and the cell is prepared through the procedures of packaging, formation and capacity division.
Table 1, graphite BET, gram capacity and 45 ℃ cycle test results for the batteries of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 1, the specific surface area of graphite of the batteries prepared in examples 1-2 is larger than that of comparative example 1, namely, the specific surface area of graphite is increased along with the increase of the coated aluminum fluoride, because small particles of aluminum fluoride are attached to the surface of graphite, the high-temperature cycle performance at 45 ℃ is improved along with the improvement of the coating amount, the contact between electrolyte and graphite is reduced by the coating layer, the side reaction is reduced, and the high-temperature cycle performance is improved.
Table 2, results of lithium-ion window at room temperature charging test for the batteries of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from table 2, the battery prepared in example 1 has no lithium precipitation, which is superior to comparative example 1 in that the composite material resistance is reduced after coating with aluminum fluoride, the lithium ion migration speed is improved, and the charging window is improved.
Table 3, hot box test results for the batteries of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 3, the batteries prepared in examples 1-2 have better passing rate in hot box test than comparative example 1, i.e. SEI structure stability of the material coated with aluminum fluoride is better, and thermal shock performance is improved
Variations and modifications of the above embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains from the foregoing disclosure and teachings. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is intended to be capable of modification, substitution or variation in light thereof, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings. In addition, although specific terms are used in the present specification, these terms are for convenience of description only and do not limit the present invention in any way.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing a battery anode material, comprising:
step 1, mixing graphite raw materials, crushing, grinding and grading to obtain aggregate;
step 2, mixing aggregate and an adhesive according to a preset proportion, and then carrying out low-temperature heat treatment;
step 3, graphitizing the material subjected to low-temperature heat treatment after screening treatment;
step 4, carrying out liquid phase coating on the graphitized material and a liquid phase coating agent;
step 5, carbonizing the product obtained in the step 4, and sieving and demagnetizing to obtain a graphite anode material;
wherein the graphite raw material is at least one of isotropic petroleum raw coke or isotropic square coke, the true density of the graphite raw material is 1.28-1.52 g/cm, the volatile content is 5% -8%, the sulfur content is less than 1%, and the Dv50 of the aggregate is 4-10 um; the adhesive is asphalt or resin, and the adhesive is ground into powder with Dv50 of 3-7 um and coking value of 13-60%; in the step 2, the preset ratio is 100: 8-15, stirring speed is 5-35 Hz, heating range is 25-560 ℃, heating speed is 2-5 ℃/min; in the step 3, the graphitization temperature is 2700-3200 ℃, the graphitization degree is more than 92%, and the graphitization time is 40-60 h; in the step 4, the liquid phase coating agent is formed by mixing aluminum fluoride solid powder and a liquid phase solvent, wherein the liquid phase solvent is at least one of anthracene oil, castor oil and liquid phase resin, the density of the liquid phase solvent is 0.7-1.7 g/cm, and the coking value is 10-40%; in the step 5, the carbonization temperature is 1200 ℃.
2. The method for preparing the battery anode material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, graphitized materials and a liquid phase coating agent are added into a fusion machine according to the proportion of 10-30% for normal temperature fusion, the rotating speed of the fusion machine is 20-50 Hz, and the fusion time is 3-6 min.
3. The method for preparing the battery anode material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the weight ratio of the adhesive is 5% -20%, and the aggregate and the adhesive are placed in a horizontal kettle to be stirred and inert gas is introduced.
4. A method for preparing a battery anode material according to claim 3, wherein: in the step 3, the product in the step 4 is filled into a graphite crucible and then is sent into a roller kiln for carbonization.
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