CN114975038A - Ka-waveband kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube - Google Patents
Ka-waveband kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN114975038A CN114975038A CN202210743180.7A CN202210743180A CN114975038A CN 114975038 A CN114975038 A CN 114975038A CN 202210743180 A CN202210743180 A CN 202210743180A CN 114975038 A CN114975038 A CN 114975038A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/027—Collectors
- H01J23/0275—Multistage collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
- H01J23/26—Helical slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
- H01J23/27—Helix-derived slow-wave structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Abstract
The invention discloses a Ka-waveband kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube, which comprises: a double-anode electron gun (1) controlled by a focusing electrode, a two-section type structure horn-shaped spiral line slow wave circuit (2), a four-stage depressed collector (3), a periodic permanent magnet focusing system (4) and a waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device (5); the double-anode electron gun (1) is connected with the two-section structure horn-shaped helical line slow wave circuit (2) through argon arc welding, and the two-section structure horn-shaped helical line slow wave circuit (2) is connected with the four-stage depressed collector (3) and the waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device (5) through argon arc welding; the two-section structure horn-shaped spiral line slow wave circuit (2) and the four-stage depressed collector (3) are both provided with heat dissipation structures. The invention can realize the application requirements of series traveling wave tube products with the bandwidth of 6GHz, the working ratio of 25%, the pulse power of more than 1kW, the gain of more than 40dB and the efficiency of more than 45%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an 8mm Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube, belonging to a microwave electric vacuum active amplifier.
Background
The traveling wave tube as a common power amplifier has the advantages of wide frequency band, high power, high efficiency and electromagnetic interference resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of radar, electronic countermeasure, communication and the like.
In order to meet the requirements of subsequent rapid development and realize the independent control of key technologies and system equipment, it is necessary to design and develop a Ka-band broadband traveling wave tube with kilowatt power, and meet the technical requirements of the system on high frequency, high power and wide frequency band of domestic devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a Ka-band 1kW pulse traveling wave tube which is reasonable in structural design, high in millimeter wave broadband power, high in efficiency, long in service life and high in reliability. According to the invention, a helix slow wave structure is adopted, design parameters are optimized and selected, higher coupling impedance is obtained by selecting smaller gamma a, the electronic efficiency is improved by combining a dynamic phase velocity gradual change technology and a CAD (computer aided design) means, meanwhile, the working frequency band is widened, the innovation of a high-power helix traveling wave tube oscillation suppression technology is developed, and a millimeter wave broadband high-electronic efficiency slow wave circuit is obtained; a PPM focusing system is adopted to ensure high circulation rate and reduce spiral flow; the input/output structure of the standard BJ320 waveguide is adopted, so that the reliability of low voltage standing wave ratio and high output power is ensured; a four-stage depressed collector is adopted to improve the efficiency of the whole tube and reduce the backflow; the integrated conduction cooling heat dissipation structure and the packaging structure are adopted to ensure the mechanical and thermal properties of the whole pipe, and further ensure the high reliability of the product.
The Ka-band 1kW pulse traveling wave tube provided by the invention is a high-frequency, wide-band, high-power, low-spiral-flow and high-reliability amplifier device, is a microwave electric vacuum active amplifier device which has excellent performance and strong innovation and is suitable for system application platforms such as millimeter wave radars, high-power microwave sources and the like.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube comprises: the device comprises a double-anode electron gun controlled by a focusing electrode, a two-section structure horn-shaped spiral line slow wave circuit, a four-stage depressed collector, a periodic permanent magnet focusing system and a waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device; the double-anode electron gun is connected with the two-section structure horn-shaped helical line slow wave circuit through argon arc welding, and the two-section structure horn-shaped helical line slow wave circuit is connected with the four-stage depressed collector and the waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device through argon arc welding; the magnetic steel is fixed on the periodic structure of the two-section structure horn-shaped spiral line slow-wave circuit through a hoop and an adhesive to form a magnetic focusing system; the two-section structure horn-shaped spiral line slow-wave circuit and the four-stage step-down collector are both provided with heat dissipation structures, and the heat dissipation structures are welded with a heat dissipation bottom plate;
the double-anode electron gun controlled by the focusing electrode, the two-section type structure horn-shaped spiral line slow wave circuit, the four-stage depressed collector, the periodic permanent magnet focusing system and the waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device are fixed on the bottom plate through a packaging piece, the high-voltage part is filled with silicon rubber, and a housing is installed for shielding protection.
The focus electrode controlled double-anode electron gun 1 comprises a shell structure, and a cathode assembly 1-1, a gun core supporting assembly 1-2, a gun shell assembly 1-3, a beam-focusing electrode 1-4, an anode assembly 1-5 and a rear cover assembly 1-6 which are arranged in the shell structure;
the cathode assembly 1-1 comprises a support structure, a hot wire lead switching structure and a three-layer heat shield cylinder of a heat preservation structure;
the gun core supporting combination (1-2) comprises a gun core supporting structure, a bunching electrode insulating ceramic, a bunching electrode welding ring, a gun core welding ring, a bunching electrode lead and an insulating ceramic transition sealing structure;
the gun shell combination (1-3) comprises a gun core combination supporting structure, cathode insulating porcelain, a magnetic shielding cylinder, an electric field shielding ring and a metal ceramic matching sealing transition structure;
the anode combination (1-5) comprises a first anode, a first anode supporting structure, a second anode and an electron gun section magnetic shielding structure;
the specific connection position relations among the cathode combination, the gun core support combination, the gun shell combination, the beam-focusing electrode, the anode combination and the rear cover combination are as follows: fixing the gun core support combination and the beam bunching electrode by using a matched clamp, and connecting the gun core support combination and the beam bunching electrode in a laser welding spot welding mode; then positioning through a high-precision tool die, continuously installing the combination into a cathode combination, ensuring the relative position and concentricity requirement of a cathode-bunching electrode, and connecting and fixing through a laser welding mode; the welded combination is arranged into a gun shell combination by means of a matched high-precision tool, the relative position and the concentricity requirement of a cathode-gun shell positioning surface are ensured, and then a rear cover combination is arranged, and the three are fixedly connected in an argon arc welding mode; and after the control size and form and position tolerance of the assembly in the last step are inspected to be qualified, the assembly is assembled and matched with the anode and is fixedly connected in an argon arc welding mode.
The shell structure is a ceramic-metal sealing structure, and the high-voltage insulation and ceramic sealing support structures are distributed in a bowl shape.
As a preferred scheme, the Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube is characterized in that the two-section-structure trumpet-shaped spiral line slow-wave circuit comprises a slow-wave circuit shell and two-section-type trumpet-shaped spiral lines which are arranged in the slow-wave circuit shell through three beryllium oxide medium clamping rods, and the two-section-type trumpet-shaped spiral lines are three groups; the starting position of the centralized attenuator is 0.36 of the total length L of the slow wave circuit, and the length distribution is 14mm (input section) +19mm (output section); the slow wave circuit has phase speed jump amplitude of 1.01-1.03-1.055-0.924-0.84-0.832 and electron beam filling ratio gradient distribution of 0.47-0.0.65-0.53-0.74.
As a preferred scheme, the Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube is characterized in that the four-stage depressed collector comprises a collector outer cylinder, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a fourth electrode and a collector rear cover, and the electrodes are fixed in the collector outer cylinder through a three-petal ceramic ring; the relative position of each electrode is fixed by a positioning groove on the three-section ceramic ring, and a lead of each electrode passes through a gap in the middle of the three-section ceramic ring; the insulation distance of the lead-out wires of each electrode relative to other electrodes and the ground potential is ensured through the L-shaped metal rods;
the four-stage depressed collector is fixed and filled with tin-lead solder through a pressing plate and is welded with the radiating bottom plate.
The assembling method of the four-stage depressed collector comprises the following steps: the assembly after being assembled and positioned is extruded into the outer barrel of the collector by means of hot-pushing collector equipment and utilizing a material thermal expansion clamping technology under the conditions of protective atmosphere and high-frequency heating of the outer barrel of the collector, and a positioning die shell in which copper of the outer barrel of the collector is loaded in advance ensures the relative position of the electrode assembly relative to the ground potential and the concentricity of the inlet of the collector relative to the mounting surface; correcting the state of each electrode lead of the collector, combining the rear cover of the collector into a component, cutting off redundant leads, welding and sealing each electrode lead in an argon arc welding point mode, and connecting, fixing and sealing the matching surface in a continuous wave laser welding mode.
As a preferred scheme, the Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube has the advantages that the waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device adopts a waveguide window of a sapphire material window ceramic chip, the air tightness is good, the power bearing capacity is large, and the process technology is mature.
The invention relates to a Ka-waveband kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube, and an assembly method of a double-anode electron gun controlled by a focusing electrode comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a blank of a gun core support combination, a gun shell combination and an anode combination, wherein the gun core support combination is subjected to finish turning to ensure the concentricity of a matching surface with the cathode combination and a positioning surface of a bunching electrode and the matching size of the bunching electrode; the gun shell combination is subjected to finish turning processing so as to ensure the concentricity of a matching surface with the gun core support combination and a positioning surface of the electron gun; finish turning the anode combination to ensure tight fit with an electron gun, and then ensuring concentricity of a positioning surface and an anode hole through slow-speed wire processing; through multiple laser welding operations, the heat preservation structure, the supporting structure and the hot wire lead switching structure of the cathode are effectively connected to form a core component cathode combination of the electron gun; the blank of the gun core support assembly is subjected to finish turning processing so as to ensure the concentricity of the matching surface with the cathode assembly and the beam-bunching electrode positioning surface;
then positioning by using a mould, installing the cathode assembly into a gun core support assembly, and fixing by laser welding to form an electron gun core and ensure the concentricity and the height of the cathode-beam convergence positioning surface; positioning by using a die, filling an electron gun core into a gun shell assembly after finish turning to ensure the concentricity and the height of a cathode-gun shell positioning surface, penetrating a rear cover assembly through a hot wire and a beam-focusing electrode lead, and fixing and sealing by argon arc welding; assembling a beam bunching pole, positioning by using a beam bunching pole concentricity correction die, correcting the heights of the cathode combination and the beam bunching pole, and fixing by laser welding; and checking and correcting the distance from the cathode assembly to the first anode, assembling the anode assembly, and fixing by argon arc welding to form an electron optical system of the whole electron gun.
The double-anode electron gun controlled by the focusing electrode has the structural characteristics and advantages that: the sealing surface of the gun shell of the electron gun is only two layers, and the structure can effectively improve the mechanical strength of the electron gun and greatly reduce the air leakage risk of the electron gun. Compared with the traditional laminated insulation structure, on the premise of designing the same length, the withstand voltage allowance is obviously improved, and meanwhile, the control of processing precision and assembly precision is facilitated. The electron beam is modulated by the focusing control and the anode, the characteristics of an electron optical system are optimized and analyzed by the CAD technology, and the electron capture of a slow wave system is reduced. The shape and the laminar flow property of the electron beam are improved, a high-performance electron optical system with good laminar flow property and small pulsation is ensured, and the electron interception of a slow-wave system is reduced. As shown in FIG. 3, the invention realizes that the full-band dynamic circulation rate of the sample tube is better than 99% and the static circulation rate is better than 99.5% through a large number of experiments and optimized structures.
The slow wave circuit adopts a two-section type helical line structure, the slow wave line adopts a horn-shaped helical line, the position and the length distribution of the centralized attenuator are reasonably designed, and the technical problem of suppression of the return wave oscillation of the helical line slow wave circuit under the conditions of 22kV and below 400mA at a working point can be solved. Meanwhile, the structure and the distribution of the circuit are optimized, the phase velocity jump amplitude and the gradual change distribution of the electron beam filling ratio are considered, the electron efficiency is improved, and the frequency band is widened. The sample tube can realize the technical level that the dynamic circulation rate is more than 99 percent, the pulse output power is more than 1kW at the bandwidth of 6GHz, the electronic efficiency is more than 20 percent at the high-frequency end of a Ka frequency band, and the batch consistency power fluctuation is less than 0.8 dB.
The invention adopts a four-stage depressed collector structure, adopts a three-petal ceramic ring structure for positioning in the process, adopts a hot-press welding process, and has high structural strength, good insulating property and strong heat dissipation and conduction capability. The collector is fixed and filled with tin-lead solder through the pressing plate and is mounted and welded with the hot bottom plate. The collector has an external surface operating temperature of less than 65 ℃ under full duty ratio conditions.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention designs a high-surface compression ratio large-current density electron gun to be applied to a millimeter wave traveling wave tube, can realize the technical level that the full-band electron injection circulation rate reaches more than 99 percent, promotes the industry progress by the low spiral current technical innovation of a high-frequency, high-power and broadband high-efficiency electro-vacuum device, and improves the reliability of products.
2. The invention realizes the technical level that the pulse output power is more than 1kW, the power fluctuation is 0.8dB and the electronic efficiency reaches more than 20 percent in the high-frequency band of the Ka frequency band within the bandwidth range of 6GHz of the Ka frequency band.
3. The invention adopts a pitch-outer diameter non-uniform double-gradual-change spiral line structure to realize the exponential change of the phase velocity, improves the working stability of the whole tube and the resynchronization state of the electron beam velocity-phase velocity, and can improve the product performance. The problem of difficulty in the accuracy of the trumpet-shaped spiral line winding can be solved technically, and the accuracy of the thread pitch is realized
0.003mm, radial accuracy achieved
0.003, the product yield and the performance consistency are obviously improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube provided by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual anode electron gun according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a performance test of the dual anode electron gun according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the spiral slow-wave circuit of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a four-stage depressed collector according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, which are to be understood as illustrative only and not as limiting the scope of the invention, which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalent modifications thereof which may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present specification.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 5, a Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube includes: the device comprises a double-anode electron gun 1 controlled by a focusing electrode, a two-section type structure horn-shaped spiral line slow wave circuit 2, a four-stage depressed collector 3, a periodic permanent magnet focusing system 4 and a waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device 5; the double-anode electron gun 1 is connected with the two-section structure horn-shaped helical line slow wave circuit 2 through argon arc welding, and the two-section structure horn-shaped helical line slow wave circuit 2 is connected with the four-stage depressed collector 3 and the waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device 5 through argon arc welding; the magnetic steel is fixed on the periodic structure of the two-section structure horn-shaped spiral line slow wave circuit 2 through a hoop and an adhesive to form a magnetic focusing system 4; the two-section structure horn spiral line slow wave circuit 2 and the four-stage depressed collector 3 are both designed with heat dissipation structures, and the heat dissipation structures and a heat dissipation bottom plate are welded to form a cooling heat dissipation device 6.
The focusing electrode controlled double-anode electron gun 1, the two-section type structure horn-shaped spiral line slow wave circuit 2, the four-stage voltage reduction collector 3, the periodic permanent magnet focusing system 4 and the waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device 5 are fixed on the bottom plate through a packaging piece, the high-voltage part is filled with silicon rubber, and a housing is installed for shielding protection.
As a preferred scheme, in the Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube, the double-anode electron gun 1 controlled by the focusing electrode comprises a shell structure, a cathode assembly 1-1 arranged in the shell structure, a gun core support assembly 1-2, a gun shell assembly 1-3, a beam focusing electrode 1-4, an anode assembly 1-5 and a rear cover assembly 1-6;
the Ka-waveband kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube is characterized in that a double-anode electron gun 1 controlled by a focusing electrode comprises a shell structure, and a cathode combination 1-1, a gun core supporting combination 1-2, a gun shell combination 1-3, a beam-focusing electrode 1-4, an anode combination 1-5 and a rear cover combination 1-6 which are arranged in the shell structure;
the cathode assembly 1-1 comprises a three-layer heat shield cylinder with a heat preservation structure, a support structure arranged in the three-layer heat shield cylinder, a hot wire positioned on the support structure and a hot wire lead switching structure connected with the hot wire;
the gun core supporting combination 1-2 comprises a gun core supporting structure, a bunching electrode insulating ceramic, a bunching electrode welding ring, a bunching electrode lead, an insulating ceramic transition sealing structure and a gun core welding ring; the gun core supporting structure, the pole Juan ceramic rim dielectric mold liner, the bunching pole welding ring and the metal ceramic matching sealing transition piece realize matching sealing; the assembly is restrained and positioned by a high-precision welding die, a beam-focusing electrode welding cylinder is welded and fixed by adopting a laser welding mode, two key datum planes adopt a split type structural design, and the aim of realizing high-precision control without secondary processing of the assembly is fulfilled; and finally, the beam focusing electrode is arranged in the assembly, and a beam focusing electrode lead is installed and welded and fixed in a laser welding mode. The structure design has the characteristics of good insulating property and small structure volume.
The gun shell combination 1-3 comprises a gun core combination supporting structure, cathode insulating ceramics, a magnetic shielding cylinder, an electric field shielding ring and a metal ceramic matching sealing transition structure; the gun shell combination has two ends designed with compensating ceramic structure to eliminate welding stress during the sealing process of metal ceramic, gun core combination support structure, cathode insulating ceramic, magnetic shielding cylinder and
the metal ceramic matching sealing transition structures at the two ends pass through a high-precision mold made of ceramic materials, so that the advantages of no mold sticking and high precision can be obtained without secondary processing; design electric field shielding ring structure in high electric field district, fix on inboard compensation porcelain through the laser welding mode, have the characteristics that anti strike sparks and evaporation prevention improve insulating properties.
The anode combination 1-5 comprises a first anode, a first anode supporting structure, a second anode and an electron gun section magnetic shielding structure; the first anode supporting structure consists of two anode insulating ceramic beads/welding columns and a first anode lead combination (lead column), and the three anode supporting structures are uniformly distributed on the magnetic screen structure of the electron gun according to a circular array and are welded and fixed in a brazing mode; then the first anode is arranged on the three welding columns on the combination, the distance between the cathode and the anode of the electron gun critical dimension can be adjusted through a compensation or adaptation mode, and the distance is fixed through a pulse laser welding point mode. The insulation of the cathode and the anode is realized through a vacuum space, and the structure has the characteristic of high insulation reliability.
The specific connection position relation among the cathode combination 1-1, the gun core supporting combination 1-2, the gun shell combination 1-3, the beam bunching pole 1-4, the anode combination 1-5 and the rear cover combination 1-6 is as follows: fixing the gun core supporting combination 1-2 and the beam focusing electrode 1-4 by using a matched clamp, and connecting the gun core supporting combination and the beam focusing electrode in a laser welding spot welding mode; then, positioning through a high-precision tool die, continuously installing the combined gun core support assembly 1-2 and the beam bunching electrode 1-4 into the cathode assembly 1-1, ensuring the relative position and concentricity requirement of the cathode-beam bunching electrode, and connecting and fixing in a laser welding mode; the welded combination is arranged into a gun shell combination 1-3 by means of a matched high-precision tool to ensure the relative position and concentricity requirement of a cathode-gun shell positioning surface, and then a rear cover combination 1-6 is arranged, and the three are connected and fixed in an argon arc welding mode; and after the control size and form and position tolerance of the assembly in the last step are qualified, the assembly is matched with the anode combination 1-5 and is fixedly connected in an argon arc welding mode. The shell structure is a ceramic-metal sealing structure, and the high-voltage insulation and ceramic sealing support structures are distributed in a bowl shape.
The Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube is characterized in that a two-section-structure horn-shaped spiral line slow-wave circuit 2 comprises a slow-wave circuit shell and two-section-type horn-shaped spiral lines which are arranged in the slow-wave circuit shell through three beryllium oxide medium clamping rods, wherein the two-section-type horn-shaped spiral lines comprise three groups; the starting position of the centralized attenuator is 0.36 of the total length L of the slow wave circuit, and the length distribution is 14mm (input section) +19mm (output section); the slow wave circuit has phase speed jump amplitude of 1.01-1.03-1.055-0.924-0.84-0.832 and electron beam filling ratio gradient distribution of 0.47-0.0.65-0.53-0.74.
The Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube is characterized in that a four-stage depressed collector 3 comprises a collector outer cylinder 3-1, a first electrode 3-2, a second electrode 3-3, a third electrode 3-4, a fourth electrode 3-5 and a collector rear cover assembly 3-6, and all the electrodes are fixed in the collector outer cylinder 3-1 through three-petal ceramic rings 3-7; the relative position of each electrode is fixed by a positioning groove on the three-petal ceramic ring, and a lead of each electrode passes through a gap in the middle of the three-petal ceramic ring; the insulation distance of the lead-out wires of each electrode relative to other electrodes and the ground potential is ensured through the L-shaped metal rods;
the four-stage depressed collector 3 is fixed and filled with tin-lead solder through a pressing plate and is welded with the radiating bottom plate.
According to the Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube, the waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device adopts the waveguide window of the sapphire material window ceramic chip, so that the air tightness is good, the power bearing capacity is large, and the process technology is mature.
The invention relates to a Ka-waveband kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube, and an assembly method of a double-anode electron gun controlled by a focusing electrode comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a blank of a gun core support assembly 1-2, a gun shell assembly 1-3 and an anode assembly 1-5, wherein the gun core support assembly 1-2 is subjected to finish turning to ensure the concentricity of a matching surface of the gun core support assembly 1-1 and a beam focusing electrode 1-4 positioning surface and the matching size of the beam focusing electrode 1-4; finely turning the gun shell assembly 1-3 to ensure the concentricity of the matching surface of the gun shell assembly 1-2 and the positioning surface of the electron gun; finish turning 1-5 of the anode assembly to ensure tight fit with an electron gun, and then ensuring concentricity of a positioning surface and an anode hole through slow-speed wire processing; through multiple laser welding operations, the heat preservation structure, the supporting structure and the hot wire lead switching structure of the cathode are effectively connected to form a core component cathode combination 1-1 of the electron gun; finish turning the blank of the gun core support assembly 1-2 to ensure the concentricity of the matching surface of the gun core support assembly 1-1 and the positioning surface of the beam-focusing electrode 1-4;
then positioning by using a die, loading the cathode assembly 1-1 into the gun core support assembly 1-2, and fixing by laser welding to form an electron gun core, so as to ensure the concentricity and the height of the cathode-bunching electrode positioning surface; positioning by using a die, filling an electron gun core into a gun shell assembly 1-3 after finish turning to ensure the concentricity and height of a cathode-gun shell positioning surface, penetrating a rear cover assembly 1-6 through a hot wire and a bunching electrode lead, and fixing and sealing by argon arc welding; assembling the beam bunching poles 1-4, positioning by using a beam bunching pole concentricity correction die, correcting the heights of the cathode combination and the beam bunching poles at the same time, and fixing by laser welding; checking and correcting the distance between the cathode assembly and the first anode, assembling the anode assemblies 1-5, and fixing by argon arc welding to form the electron optical system of the whole electron gun.
The assembling method of the four-stage depressed collector 3 comprises the following steps: extruding the assembly after the assembly and positioning are qualified into the outer barrel of the collector by means of hot-pushing collector equipment and utilizing a material thermal expansion clamping technology under the conditions of protective atmosphere and 3-1 high-frequency heating of the outer barrel of the collector, wherein a positioning die shell in which copper of the outer barrel of the collector is loaded in advance ensures the relative position of the electrode assembly relative to the ground potential and the concentricity of a collector inlet relative to a mounting surface; correcting the state of each electrode lead of the collector, assembling 3-6 rear covers of the collector into the assembly, cutting off redundant leads, welding and sealing each electrode lead in an argon arc welding point mode, and connecting, fixing and sealing the matching surfaces in a continuous wave laser welding mode.
The high-power and high-efficiency Ka-band pulse traveling wave tube provided by the invention meets the application requirements of a series traveling wave tube product with a project Ka-band, a bandwidth of 6GHz, a work ratio of 25%, a pulse power of more than 1kW, a gain of more than 40dB and an efficiency of more than 45%. The using environment can meet the land-based or shore-based using environment with the temperature of-45 ℃ to 65 ℃ and the altitude of less than 3500 meters.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A Ka wave band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube is characterized by comprising: a double-anode electron gun (1) controlled by a focusing electrode, a two-section type structure horn-shaped spiral line slow wave circuit (2), a four-stage depressed collector (3), a periodic permanent magnet focusing system (4) and a waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device (5); the double-anode electron gun (1) is connected with the two-section structure horn-shaped helical line slow wave circuit (2) through argon arc welding, and the two-section structure horn-shaped helical line slow wave circuit (2), the four-stage depressed collector (3) and the waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device (5) are connected through argon arc welding; the magnetic steel is fixed on the periodic structure of the two-section type structure horn-shaped spiral line slow wave circuit (2) through a hoop and an adhesive to form a magnetic focusing system (4); the two-section structure horn spiral line slow wave circuit (2) and the four-stage depressed collector (3) are respectively provided with a heat dissipation structure, and the heat dissipation structures are welded with a heat dissipation bottom plate;
the double-anode electron gun (1) controlled by the focusing electrode, the two-section type structure horn-shaped spiral line slow wave circuit (2), the four-stage depressed collector (3), the periodic permanent magnet focusing system (4) and the waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device (5) are fixed on the bottom plate through a packaging piece, the high-voltage part silicon rubber is filled, and a housing is installed for shielding protection.
2. The Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling-wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the focus-controlled double-anode electron gun (1) comprises a shell structure, and a cathode assembly (1-1), a gun core support assembly (1-2), a gun shell assembly (1-3), a beam focusing electrode (1-4), an anode assembly (1-5) and a rear cover assembly (1-6) which are arranged in the shell structure;
the cathode assembly (1-1) comprises a three-layer heat shield cylinder with a heat insulation structure, a support structure arranged in the three-layer heat shield cylinder, a hot wire positioned on the support structure and a hot wire lead switching structure connected with the hot wire;
the gun core supporting combination (1-2) comprises a gun core supporting structure, a bunching electrode insulating ceramic, a bunching electrode welding ring, a gun core welding ring, a bunching electrode lead and an insulating ceramic transition sealing structure;
the gun shell combination (1-3) comprises a gun core combination supporting structure, cathode insulating porcelain, a magnetic shielding cylinder, an electric field shielding ring and a metal ceramic matching sealing transition structure;
the anode combination (1-5) comprises a first anode, a first anode supporting structure, a second anode and an electron gun section magnetic shielding structure;
the specific connection position relations among the cathode combination (1-1), the gun core supporting combination (1-2), the gun shell combination (1-3), the beam bunching electrode (1-4), the anode combination (1-5) and the rear cover combination (1-6) are as follows: fixing the gun core supporting combination (1-2) and the beam focusing electrode (1-4) by using a clamp, and welding by laser welding; then positioning through a tooling die, loading the cathode assembly (1-1), ensuring the relative position and concentricity of the cathode assembly (1-1) and the beam bunching electrode (1-4), and then connecting and fixing in a laser welding mode; then the welded combination is arranged in a gun shell combination (1-3), and then a rear cover combination (1-6) is arranged and is fixedly connected in an argon arc welding mode; the anode assemblies (1-5) are installed in a matching way and are fixedly connected in an argon arc welding way;
the shell structure is a ceramic-metal sealing structure, and the high-voltage insulation and ceramic sealing support structures are distributed in a bowl shape.
3. The Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the two-segment-structure trumpet-shaped spiral line slow-wave circuit (2) comprises a slow-wave circuit shell and two-segment-type trumpet-shaped spiral lines which are arranged in the slow-wave circuit shell through three beryllium oxide medium clamping rods, wherein the two-segment-type trumpet-shaped spiral lines are three groups; the starting position of the centralized attenuator is 0.36 of the total length L of the slow wave circuit, and the length distribution is 14mm of the input section and 19mm of the output section; the slow wave circuit has phase speed jump amplitude of 1.01-1.03-1.055-0.924-0.84-0.832 and electron beam filling ratio gradient distribution of 0.47-0.0.65-0.53-0.74.
4. The Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the four-stage depressed collector (3) comprises a collector outer cylinder (3-1), a first electrode (3-2), a second electrode (3-3), a third electrode (3-4), a fourth electrode (3-5) and a collector rear cover assembly (3-6), wherein each electrode is fixed in the collector outer cylinder (3-1) through a three-petal ceramic ring (3-7); the relative position of each electrode is fixed by a positioning groove on the three-petal ceramic ring, and a lead of each electrode passes through a gap in the middle of the three-petal ceramic ring; the insulation distance of the lead-out wires of each electrode relative to other electrodes and the ground potential is ensured through the L-shaped metal rods;
the four-stage depressed collector (3) is fixed and filled with tin-lead solder through a pressing plate and is welded with the radiating bottom plate.
5. The Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the waveguide structure input/output energy transmission device (5) adopts a waveguide window of a sapphire material window tile.
6. The Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube according to claim 2, characterized in that the assembling method of the focus-controlled double-anode electron gun (1) comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing blanks of a gun core support assembly (1-2), a gun shell assembly (1-3) and an anode assembly (1-5), wherein the gun core support assembly (1-2) is subjected to finish turning processing so as to ensure the concentricity of a matching surface of the gun core support assembly and a cathode assembly (1-1) and a positioning surface of a bunching pole (1-4) and the matching size of the bunching pole (1-4); finely turning the gun shell assembly (1-3) to ensure the concentricity of the matching surface of the gun shell assembly and the gun core supporting assembly (1-2) and the positioning surface of the electron gun; finish turning the anode assembly (1-5) to ensure tight fit with an electron gun, and then ensuring the concentricity of a positioning surface and an anode hole through slow-speed wire-moving processing; after a plurality of laser welding operations, the heat preservation structure, the supporting structure and the hot wire lead switching structure of the cathode are effectively connected to form a cathode assembly (1-1) of a core component of the electron gun; the blank of the gun core support assembly (1-2) is subjected to finish turning processing so as to ensure the concentricity of the matching surface of the gun core support assembly (1-1) and the positioning surface of the beam bunching electrode (1-4);
then positioning by using a die, loading the cathode assembly (1-1) into the gun core supporting assembly (1-2), and fixing by laser welding to form an electron gun core, so as to ensure the concentricity and the height of the cathode-bunching electrode positioning surface; positioning by using a mould, filling the electron gun core into the gun shell assembly (1-3) after finish turning to ensure the concentricity and height of the positioning surface of the cathode-gun shell, penetrating the rear cover assembly (1-6) through a hot wire and a beam-focusing electrode lead wire, and fixing and sealing by argon arc welding; assembling the beam bunching poles (1-4), positioning by using a beam bunching pole concentricity correction die, correcting the heights of the cathode combination and the beam bunching poles at the same time, and fixing by laser welding; checking and correcting the distance between the cathode assembly and the first anode, assembling the anode assembly (1-5), and fixing by argon arc welding to form the electron optical system of the whole electron gun.
7. The Ka-band kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube according to claim 4, characterized in that the four-stage depressed collector (3) is assembled by the following method: the assembly after being assembled and positioned is extruded into the collector outer cylinder by hot-pushing collector equipment and utilizing a material thermal expansion clamping technology under the high-frequency heating state of protective atmosphere and the collector outer cylinder (3-1), and a positioning die shell in which the collector outer cylinder copper is loaded in advance ensures the relative position of the electrode assembly relative to the ground potential and the concentricity of a collector inlet relative to a mounting surface; correcting the state of each electrode lead of the collector, putting the collector rear cover assembly (3-5) into the assembly, cutting off redundant leads, welding and sealing each electrode lead in an argon arc welding point mode, and connecting, fixing and sealing the matching surfaces in a continuous wave laser welding mode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210743180.7A CN114975038A (en) | 2022-06-27 | 2022-06-27 | Ka-waveband kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210743180.7A CN114975038A (en) | 2022-06-27 | 2022-06-27 | Ka-waveband kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114975038A true CN114975038A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210743180.7A Pending CN114975038A (en) | 2022-06-27 | 2022-06-27 | Ka-waveband kilowatt-level broadband high-power pulse traveling wave tube |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114975038A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-06-27 CN CN202210743180.7A patent/CN114975038A/en active Pending
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