CN114973891A - Three-dimensional visual fracture and cave model and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional visual fracture and cave model and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional visual fracture and hole model, which comprises: the plate-shaped core part model body is used for reducing a main fracture region of a simulated fractured karst fracture-cave reservoir well region in an equal proportion, wherein a simulated fracture-cave structure is arranged inside the core part model body; one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies for scaling down one or more secondary fracture zones of a simulated fractured karst fracture hole reservoir well region, wherein a simulated fracture hole structure is arranged inside each transition zone model body; a plurality of connecting lines; the side surfaces of the core part model body and the one or more transition zone model bodies are provided with connecting holes for simulating ports for communicating a plurality of cracks of the main fracture zone and the one or more secondary fracture zones, wherein the connecting lines are connected with the corresponding connecting holes so as to simulate the communication of the plurality of cracks. The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the three-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, in particular to a carbonate fracture-cavity type oil reservoir development technology, and specifically relates to a physical model design and manufacturing method of a fracture-cavity oil reservoir.
Background
Carbonate fracture-cave reservoirs are a relatively special type of reservoir, and the basic geological features of the reservoirs include weathering crust karsts, fractured karsts and underground river karsts. In the fracture karst, the oil reservoir is macroscopically controlled by one or more fracture zones, and cracks or karsts with different scales are locally distributed along the fracture zones. Fractures, fissures, and vugs in such reservoirs are both reservoir spaces and the primary flow channels. The carbonate reservoir fracture-cavity structure is extremely complex, and accurate description of oil, gas and water flow and distribution rules is one of the difficult problems faced by reservoir developers. The existing fracture-cavity reservoir model comprises: the model comprises a fracture network mechanism model, a single karst cave mechanism model, a seam-cave network mechanism model, a seam-cave different communication mode mechanism model, a typical injection-production relation mechanism model, a microcosmic water injection seam-cave model, a high-temperature high-pressure constant-volume mechanism model, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional visual physical model and the like.
The present invention is now directed to the following documents, patents and patent applications.
Lijun et al (2008) designed two kinds of fracture-cave physical models, namely a network fracture-cave model and a series fracture-cave model, according to the fracture-cave connection mode displayed by the geological data of the Tahe oil field, and prepared an experimental model core by adopting an artificial fracture-cave making technology.
Zhengxiaoxiang (2010) applies a fracture-cavity carbonate rock full-diameter core, firstly divides the core into half parts, simulates combined fracture-hole etching on a rock sample surface, and then reduces the core into a cylindrical core, thereby preparing an irregular fracture-cavity network model.
Wangshijie (2011) finds out cracks and hole bodies with filling characteristics on the rock surface of each rock core respectively according to the geological characteristic description of a slot body obtained by seismic interpretation of a Tahe oilfield geological model by adopting a full-diameter rock core halving method, then carries out crack and karst cave network etching according to the sizes, positions, trends and depths of the cracks and the hole bodies to form a crack-hole body combined network model, and then is embedded and reduced into a columnar rock core with the slot body by using a high-temperature-resistant and oil-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene plastic liner, thereby preparing the full-diameter rock core model of the irregular slot cave network.
Inert macrooptical and the like (2011) make 4 types of 17 fracture-cavity medium physical models with different structures for researching the influence of a complex structure of a fracture-cavity oil reservoir on water flooding and develop a series of water flooding physical simulation experiments. The model body is formed by assembling marble blocks wetted by water according to an experimental scheme.
The Guoping (2012) adopts an organic glass plate to etch to obtain a two-dimensional microscopic visual etching model, the embedded model is put into a special high-strength pressure-resistant rubber clamping mould, and the displacement process and the oil-gas-water migration rule under different injected fluids are dynamically observed through camera shooting.
Dingguanshi (2012) utilizes a natural outcrop core to manufacture a fracture network and a fracture-karst cave visual physical model, the diameter of a fracture in the fracture network model is 1-3 mm, the diameter of a fracture in the fracture-karst cave model is 0.4-0.9 mm, and the diameter of a karst cave is 20-40 mm, and a process combining paraffin filling and epoxy resin sealing is adopted in the manufacturing process.
Kingjing (2014) constructs a fracture-cave combined body model according to a similar principle, wherein the combined body model consists of a lining crack, a karst cave cavity, a glass window and a steel shell and can be used for simulating a water drive process and researching the oil-water flow and distribution rule.
The Chengxiang army (2018) uses a reservoir well-connecting profile as a basis and adopts organic glass to carry out fine carving, so that a fracture-cavity structure model formed by combining different reservoir spaces such as karst caves, cracks and the like is constructed. The size of the karst cave, the length of the crack, the width of the crack and the distance between wells in the model are manufactured according to the proportion of 1: 1000.
And (2018) longitudinally slicing a partial well group and a partial geological prototype map of the S48 oil reservoir, then drawing a carved map in a layered mode by using organic materials with better transparency, and designing a model according to the layered carved map to realize model visualization.
The Yangjing bin (2019) utilizes the multi-well longitudinal heterogeneous characteristics of the cross-well section projection superposition carving fracture-cavity type oil reservoir to conduct two-dimensional scale carving, a two-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model is manufactured by adopting transparent organic glass (acrylic), and the model can be used for simulating nitrogen injection gas to improve the recovery ratio.
ZL201510065198.6 discloses a method for establishing a three-dimensional physical model of a fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir, which comprises the steps of reconstructing a three-dimensional numerical model through a three-dimensional seismic section image by using a kriging interpolation method, and then engraving to obtain the three-dimensional physical model.
ZL201710043109.7 discloses fracture-cavity type carbonate rock selected in the field of rock samples selected in the manufacture of physical models of carbonate rock fracture-cavity systems, wherein the density of the cast body material is different from that of the rock samples, and the cast body material is a chemical corrosion resistant material.
CN201820602799.5 discloses a fracture type carbonate reservoir three-dimensional injection production model utility model, this three-dimensional model includes the barrel, and barrel both ends opening part is equipped with sealed lid respectively, is equipped with the packing element in the barrel, and the packing element both ends respectively with two sealed lid sealing connection, form the ring chamber between barrel and the packing element, are equipped with the simulation detritus in the packing element, the simulation detritus by supreme runoff karst simulation structure, seepage flow karst simulation structure and the top layer karst simulation structure of including down, are formed with a plurality of through-holes on two sealed lids respectively.
CN201811160092.4 discloses a method for building fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir model, which adopts seismic profile image of reservoir to remove the matrix part without seepage capability, and applies different gray level objects in gray level image to correspond to different brightness values, and performs non-equidistant stretching according to the brightness values to form a three-dimensional model.
CN201810434518.4 discloses a three-dimensional physical model filling design method for a fracture-cave oil reservoir, which determines the filling degree according to seismic reflection characteristics, well logging curve interpretation and a geological modeling porosity model.
CN201910506002.0 discloses that a non-transparent three-dimensional slot physical model is made by adopting a 3D printing technology.
CN201911148371.3 discloses a high-temperature high-pressure physical model of a slotted hole, wherein the exterior of the model adopts a pressure-resistant container as a kettle body, and the interior of the model adopts carbonate rock samples to jointly form a slotted hole structure.
The existing method for designing and manufacturing the physical model of the fracture-cave has the problems that the structure of the model fracture-cave is relatively simple and ideal, the manufactured model mainly comprises weathered crust karst consisting of cracks and karst caves, and the research on the design and manufacturing method of the fracture karst model is not specially carried out. The existing fracture-cavity physical model is far from the complex fracture structure characteristics of a real oil reservoir, and the model is not representative enough.
Therefore, the construction of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir physical model with fracture distribution as the main characteristic is a precondition for researching the oil reservoir by adopting an experimental means, and has important significance for guiding the efficient development of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir.
The above description is merely provided as background for understanding the relevant art in the field and is not an admission that it is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to establish a physical model design and manufacturing method which is closer to a real oil reservoir, in particular to a fractured karst fracture hole oil reservoir well region. In particular, the invention aims to provide a three-dimensional visualization fracture-cavity model which can be realized in a high-precision, visualization and cost-saving manner and a manufacturing method thereof.
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional visualization fracture-cavity model, including:
the plate-shaped core part model body is used for reducing a main fracture area of a simulated fractured karst fracture hole oil reservoir well area in an equal proportion mode, wherein a simulated fracture hole structure is arranged inside the core part model body;
one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies for scaling down one or more secondary fracture zones of a simulated fractured karst fracture-cavity reservoir well region, wherein a simulated fracture-cavity structure is arranged inside each transition zone model body;
a plurality of connecting lines;
connecting holes for simulating ports for communicating a plurality of cracks for communicating a main fracture zone and one or more secondary fracture zones are formed in the side faces of the core part model body and the one or more transition zone model bodies, wherein the connecting lines are connected with the corresponding connecting holes so as to simulate the communication of the plurality of cracks;
wherein the core model body and the one or more transition zone models together form an integral hydrodynamics system through the connecting line.
In some embodiments, the core model body comprises a laminated fixed multi-ply of transparent plexiglass for simulating a multi-ply primary fracture section of the primary fracture zone.
In some embodiments, each of the transition zone model bodies comprises a plurality of sheets of transparent plexiglass secured in a stack to simulate a multi-level fracture section of a minor fracture zone;
in some embodiments, the simulated fracture-cave structure of the core model body and the transition zone model body comprises a simulated fracture surface, a simulated crack and a simulated karst cave processed in the plurality of pieces of transparent organic glass by 3D engraving.
In some embodiments, the simulated fracture surfaces, the simulated fractures and the simulated caverns of the core model body and the transition zone model body are filled with particulate matter, wherein the filling degree of the particulate matter is enhanced from the top to the bottom.
In some embodiments, the core model body has a primary fracture simulation well formed therein extending inwardly from a top portion.
In some embodiments, the one or more transition zone model bodies have a secondary fracture simulation well formed therein that extends inwardly from the top.
In some embodiments, the three-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model further comprises a pneumatic connector arranged at the connecting hole and capable of being selectively switched on and off and/or adjusting passing pressure.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for making a three-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model is provided, which includes:
acquiring a fracture-cavity structure distribution map of a fractured karst fracture-cavity reservoir well region;
defining a main fracture zone sectioned along a longitudinal section in the fracture-cavity structure distribution diagram, and determining a fracture-cavity structure in the main fracture zone, wherein the fracture-cavity structure comprises a fracture surface and cracks and karst cavities distributed at different positions in the fracture surface;
defining one or more secondary fracture zones sectioned along a longitudinal section in the fracture-cavity structure distribution diagram, and determining the respective fracture-cavity structure of each secondary fracture zone, wherein the fracture-cavity structure comprises a fracture surface and cracks and karst cavities distributed at different positions in the fracture surface;
determining, in the fracture-cavity structure profile, a plurality of fracture communications connecting the primary fracture zone and the one or more secondary fracture zones, the fracture communications having ports located in a longitudinal profile of the primary fracture zone and the one or more secondary fracture zones;
manufacturing a plate-shaped core part model body and one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies according to equal-scale reduction, wherein the core part model body simulates the main fracture zone and is provided with a simulated slot hole structure, and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies simulate the one or more secondary fracture zones and are provided with respective simulated slot hole structures;
arranging connecting holes for simulating the ports on the side surfaces of the core model body and the one or more transition zone model bodies;
providing a plurality of connecting pipelines for connecting corresponding connecting holes in the core model body and the one or more transition zone models to simulate the plurality of crack communication, so that the core model body and the one or more transition zone models together form an integral hydrodynamics system through the connecting pipelines.
In some embodiments, the obtaining a fracture-cavity structure profile of the fractured karst fracture-cavity reservoir well zone comprises:
obtaining a fine fracture-vug structure distribution diagram of a fractured karst fracture-vug reservoir well region according to seismic interpretation of the fractured karst fracture-vug reservoir well region;
and merging and simplifying the distribution of the cracks and the karst caves in the fractured karst to obtain an equivalent fracture-cave structure distribution map which is used as the fracture-cave structure distribution map of the fractured karst fracture-cave reservoir well zone.
In some embodiments, the scale-down manufacturing of the plate-shaped core model body and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies comprises:
dividing the primary fracture zone into a plurality of primary fracture sections;
dividing each secondary fracture zone into a plurality of layers of fracture zones;
3D carving is carried out on a plurality of pieces of transparent organic glass according to the main fracture area to process a simulated fracture surface, a simulated crack and a simulated karst cave, wherein each piece of transparent organic glass simulates a layer of main fracture area;
3D engraving a plurality of pieces of transparent organic glass according to each secondary fracture zone to process a simulated fracture surface, a simulated crack and a simulated karst cave, wherein each piece of transparent organic glass simulates a one-level fracture zone;
laminating and fixing a plurality of transparent organic glass sheets aiming at the main fracture region to form a plate-shaped core part model body;
and laminating and fixing a plurality of transparent organic glass sheets aiming at each secondary fracture zone to form a plate-shaped transition zone model body.
In some embodiments, the manufacturing the plate-shaped core model body and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies in an equal-scale-down manner further comprises:
forming a main fracture simulation well extending from a top to an interior in the core model body;
a secondary fracture simulation well is formed in the one or more transition zone model bodies extending from the top inwardly.
In some embodiments, the scale-down manufacturing of the plate-shaped core model body and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies further comprises:
filling particulate matters into the simulated fracture surface, the simulated crack and the simulated karst cave of the core part model body, wherein the filling degree of the particulate matters is enhanced from the top to the bottom;
and filling the simulated fracture surface, the simulated crack and the simulated karst cave of each plate-shaped transition zone model body with particles, wherein the filling degree of the particles is enhanced from the top to the bottom.
In some embodiments, the providing a plurality of connecting lines for connecting corresponding connecting holes in the core model body and one or more transition zone models to simulate the plurality of fracture communication includes
Pneumatic connectors which can be selectively switched on and off and/or regulated in pressure are arranged in the connecting pipelines.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention realizes the following beneficial effects:
1. the overall fracture-cavity structure form of the fracture-cavity physical model is supported by a definite geological background, the model structure form is obtained by simplifying the fracture structure of a real oil reservoir, the model size is obtained by reducing the scale of the real oil reservoir in proportion, and the designed and manufactured model structure is more representative.
2. The fracture and crack hole model is made of transparent organic glass, and the three-dimensional flow and distribution of oil, gas and water in the fracture and crack hole structure can be observed.
3. The fracture-cave model system is formed by connecting the assemblies in series, and different well positions can be selected according to the requirements of experiments and researches to carry out water injection, gas injection and other oil reservoir development physical simulation experiments.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following.
Drawings
Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a three-dimensional visualization fracture-cavity model according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a method flow diagram according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows a flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a seismic fracture-hole profile of a typical fracture zone of a Tahe oilfield;
FIG. 8 is a typical fracture-vug reservoir core and transition zone profile;
FIG. 9 is a simplified equivalent structure diagram of a typical fractured fracture-vug reservoir
FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a slot structure and a communication structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
In an embodiment of the invention, a three-dimensional visualization fracture-cavity model is provided. In one example, as shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional visualization fracture-cavity model may include, for example, a plate-shaped core model body 1, one or more plate-shaped transition-zone model bodies (two 2 and 3 in the illustrated embodiment), and a connecting line system connecting these bodies.
Accordingly, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional visualized fracture-cavity model is provided, which can manufacture a three-dimensional visualized fracture-cavity model such as shown in fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 2 to 6 in combination with other drawings, a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional visualization fracture-cavity model according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, a method for making a three-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model may include:
s201: acquiring a fracture-cavity structure distribution map of a fractured karst fracture-cavity reservoir well region;
s202: defining a main fracture zone sectioned along a longitudinal section in the fracture-cavity structure distribution diagram, and determining a fracture-cavity structure in the main fracture zone, wherein the fracture-cavity structure comprises a fracture surface and cracks and karst cavities distributed at different positions in the fracture surface;
s203: defining one or more minor fracture zones cut along a longitudinal section in the fracture-hole structure distribution diagram, and determining the fracture-hole structure of each minor fracture zone, wherein the fracture-hole structure comprises a fracture surface and cracks and karst caves distributed at different positions in the fracture surface;
s204: determining, in the fracture-cavity structure profile, a plurality of fracture communications connecting the primary fracture zone and the one or more secondary fracture zones, the fracture communications having ports located in a longitudinal profile of the primary fracture zone and the one or more secondary fracture zones;
s205: manufacturing a plate-shaped core part model body and one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies according to equal proportional reduction, wherein the core part model body simulates the main fracture zone and has a simulated slot-hole structure, and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies simulate the one or more secondary fracture zones and have respective simulated slot-hole structures;
s206: arranging connecting holes for simulating the ports on the side surfaces of the core model body and the one or more transition zone model bodies;
s207: providing a plurality of connecting pipelines for connecting corresponding connecting holes in the core model body and the one or more transition zone models to simulate the plurality of crack communication, so that the core model body and the one or more transition zone models together form an integral hydrodynamics system through the connecting pipelines.
Preferably, the integral hydrodynamic system means that a plurality of bodies can be communicated with each other, and the oil, gas and water applied to one body can have observable influence on other bodies.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the obtaining a fracture structure distribution map of a fractured karst fracture cavity reservoir well zone may include:
s301: obtaining a fine fracture-cavity structure distribution diagram of the fracture karst fracture-cavity reservoir well region according to the seismic interpretation of the fracture karst fracture-cavity reservoir well region;
s302: and merging and simplifying the distribution of the cracks and the karst caves in the fractured karst to obtain an equivalent fracture-cave structure distribution map which is used as the fracture-cave structure distribution map of the fractured karst fracture-cave reservoir well zone.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, exemplary fracture-cavity structure profiles from seismic interpretation of a typical fractured karst fracture-cavity reservoir TP12CX well zone from the tahe oil field are shown. A large number of cracks are distributed along the same direction, so that a fracture zone is formed macroscopically, and the cracks in the fracture zone are divided into surface communication, middle communication and deep communication. The fracture nucleus of the TP12CX well region is a main fracture (nucleus part), and secondary fractures (transition zones) are distributed on the two transition zones. And merging and simplifying the distribution of cracks and karst caves in the fractured karst to obtain an equivalent fracture-cave structure distribution map under the background of the integral fractured karst. And obtaining the integral structure of the fracture karst model according to the equivalent slot structure distribution diagram.
FIG. 6 shows a typical fracture karst fracture hole reservoir TP12CX well seismic interpretation of Tahe oil field. The cracks and the karst caves are distributed as shown in fig. 6, a large number of cracks are distributed along the same direction, so that a fracture zone is formed macroscopically, and the cracks and the caves in the fracture zone are divided into surface communication, middle communication and deep communication. Several fracture zones were present throughout the TP12CX well. FIG. 7 shows the overall distribution of TP12CX well fractures as shown within the dashed box in FIG. 6. The core part is a main fracture, and secondary fractures are distributed on the two transition belts. In these embodiments, a fracture surface is formed in the middle of the fracture, and the slits and holes are distributed at different positions of the fracture surface.
Although the structure of one primary fracture and two secondary fractures is presented in the illustrated example, it is conceivable that other fracture structures are determined as the case may be.
Referring to fig. 8, the fracture and karst cave distributions in the fractured karst may be merged and simplified to obtain an equivalent fracture cave structure distribution map under the background of the overall fractured karst. In the embodiment of the invention, the overall structure of the fracture karst model can be designed according to the design (scale bar 1: 1000-1: 2000).
The fracture communication between and connecting the primary and secondary fracture zones, and more particularly the associated slot structures, can be defined accordingly based on a slot structure profile, such as an equivalent slot structure profile. More specifically, the fracture zone may be defined by sectioning along a longitudinal section, thereby also defining ports communicating in addition to the fracture at the section. In the described embodiments, longitudinal cross-section generally refers to a cut in depth along the extension of the fracture. By way of illustration and not limitation, by defining the fracture zones separately, it is possible, on the one hand, to simulate well the properties of the main fracture structure in all directions, and, on the other hand, to achieve a simulation of the hydraulic system between different fracture zones in a simple and cost-effective manner.
Further, the manufacturing body according to the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of 3D engraved multi-layered transparent organic glass.
For example, as shown in fig. 4, the proportionally reduced manufacturing of the plate-shaped core model body and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies may include:
s401: dividing the primary fracture zone into a plurality of primary fracture sections;
s402: dividing each secondary fracture zone into multi-level fracture sections;
s403: 3D engraving a plurality of pieces of transparent organic glass according to the main fracture zone to process a simulated fracture surface, a simulated crack and a simulated karst cave, wherein each piece of transparent organic glass simulates a layer of main fracture zone;
s404: 3D carving is carried out on a plurality of pieces of transparent organic glass according to each secondary fracture area so as to process a simulated fracture surface, a simulated crack and a simulated karst cave, wherein each piece of transparent organic glass simulates a one-level fracture area;
s405: laminating and fixing a plurality of transparent organic glass sheets aiming at the main fracture region to form a plate-shaped core part model body;
s406: and laminating and fixing a plurality of transparent organic glass sheets aiming at each secondary fracture zone to form a plate-shaped transition zone model body.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the manufacturing of the plate-shaped core part model body and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies according to the equal scale reduction may further include:
s501: forming a main fracture simulation well extending from a top to an interior in the core model body;
s502: a secondary fracture simulation well extending from the top inwardly is formed in the one or more transition zone model bodies.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the manufacturing of the plate-shaped core model body and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies according to the equal scaling down may further include:
s601: filling particulate matters into the simulated fracture surface, the simulated crack and the simulated karst cave of the core part model body, wherein the filling degree of the particulate matters is enhanced from the top to the bottom;
s602: and filling the simulated fracture surface, the simulated cracks and the simulated karst caves of each plate-shaped transition zone model body with particles, wherein the filling degree of the particles is enhanced from the top to the bottom.
Further, the providing a plurality of connecting lines for connecting the core model body and corresponding connecting holes in one or more transition zone models to simulate the plurality of fracture communication includes
Pneumatic connectors which can be selectively switched on and off and/or regulated in pressure are arranged in the connecting pipelines.
Alternatively, the pneumatic connector 7 is arranged at the connection hole, for example as shown in fig. 1.
As described in connection with fig. 1 and 10, it is described that a fractured karst fracture hole model according to an embodiment of the invention may include model bodies, for example, a core model body 1 and two transition zone model bodies 2, 3, a connecting pipeline 6, a connecting joint, simulated well sites 12, 22, 32, and a filler (not shown).
In the embodiment shown, the plate-shaped core model body 1 is used for scaling down the main fracture zone of a simulated karst fracture-cavity reservoir well zone and has a simulated fracture-cavity structure. More specifically, the simulated fracture-cavity structure of the core model body 1 includes a simulated fracture surface 14, a simulated fracture 16, and a simulated karst cavity 18.
In the illustrated embodiment, one or more plate-like transition zone model bodies (2) 2, 3 are used to scale down one or more secondary fracture zones of a simulated karst fracture cavity reservoir well zone. And a simulated slot hole structure is arranged in each transition zone model body. More specifically, the simulated fracture-cavity structure of the plate-shaped transition zone model bodies 2 and 3 comprises simulated fracture surfaces 24 and 34, simulated cracks 26 and 36 and simulated solution cavities 28 and 38
With combined reference to fig. 1, 9 and 10, a connection hole 7 for simulating a port communicating a plurality of cracks connecting the primary fracture zone and the one or more secondary fracture zones is provided at the side surfaces of the core model body and the one or more transition zone model bodies. The connecting pipelines 6 are connected with the corresponding connecting holes to simulate the communication of the cracks. In the embodiment shown, a pneumatic connection joint which can be selectively switched on and/or adjusted by pressure is provided in the region of the connection opening 7. It is contemplated that the pneumatic connection fitting may be disposed at other locations on the connecting line. In some embodiments, the connecting line 6 for the mold is a transparent pneumatic line and the fitting is a plastic pneumatic fitting. Fig. 9 and fig. 10 show schematic diagrams of the communication structure between three fractures. The connecting channels 6 are arranged at different positions between the core part and the transition zone, and the connecting holes 7 (phi 4mm) are arranged at different positions of the model, so that the connecting holes between two fractures can be connected by pipelines according to certain height combination to form an integral hydrodynamic system.
The core model body 1 and the transition zone model or models 2, 3 thus together form a unitary hydrodynamic system via the connecting line 6 (and the corresponding pneumatic connecting joint 7).
With continued reference to fig. 1, 9 and 10, the core model body 1 includes a plurality of transparent plexiglass sheets 10 secured in a stack for simulating a multi-layer primary fracture section of the primary fracture zone.
With continued reference to fig. 1, 9 and 10, each transition zone model body 2, 3 includes a plurality of transparent plexiglas sheets 20, 30 secured in a stack to simulate a multi-level fracture section of the minor fracture zone.
With continued reference to fig. 1, 9 and 10, the simulated fracture-hole structure of the core model body 1 and the transition-band model bodies 2, 3 includes simulated fracture surfaces 14, 24, 34, simulated cracks 18, 28, 38 and simulated cavities 16, 26, 36 machined in the pieces of transparent plastic glazing 10, 20, 30 by 3D engraving.
FIG. 9 shows a three-dimensional solid perspective view of a fracture surface (corresponding to a simulated fracture surface), a cavern body (corresponding to a simulated cavern), and a fractured internal fracture, i.e., a communication fracture (corresponding to a simulated fracture). The morphology and distribution of the individual fractures, fissures and vugs is shown in fig. 9, and the model as a whole comprises three fracture structures, i.e. corresponding to the three fracture zones defined. A plurality of karst caves with different sizes are distributed on each fracture, and the interiors of the fractures are communicated through a plurality of cracks.
In a further specific embodiment, for example, the core model body 1 includes 4 laminated organic glass sheets 10; the transition belt model bodies 2, 3 comprise 2 laminated sheets of organic glass. In some embodiments, the fracture karst slot model system is installed on a steel frame, wherein the external dimension of the core-part combination model can be 900mm long x 600mm wide x 120mm thick, and the external dimension of the transition zone combination model is 900mm long x 600mm wide x 60mm thick. The transparent organic glass sheets 10, 20 and 30 are subjected to layered block-by-block carving according to the 3D design drawing of each body, and the appearance sizes of the organic glass plates used by the same assembly can be the same. For example, the apparent size of a single sheet of plexiglass: 90cm long, 60cm wide and 30mm thick.
In some embodiments, the simulated fracture surface may be formed, for example, collectively in opposing surfaces of a pair of clear plexiglas sheets. In some embodiments, the simulated cavern may be formed through one or more sheets of transparent plastic glass. Accordingly, simulated cracks (i.e., through-cracks within the fracture) may be drilled into the glass after the through-penetration simulating the karst cave is formed. In some embodiments, the width of a simulated fracture surface in the model is 1mm, the size of a simulated karst cave is 2-15 cm, and the outer diameter is 4-6 mm; and the inner diameter is 4-6 mm. In some embodiments, the carving depth of the fracture surface of the model can be 2mm, and communication seams and solution cavities can be distributed in the shallow layer, the middle layer and the deep layer of the fracture.
Not shown in the figures, the simulated fracture surfaces 14, 24, 34, the simulated fractures 18, 28, 38 and the simulated cavities 16, 26, 36 of the core model body 1 and the transition zone model bodies 2, 3 are filled with particles, wherein the filling degree of the particles is increased from the top to the bottom. In some embodiments, the fillers may be quartz sand, glass beads, and glass cullet of different particle sizes. In some embodiments, quartz sand with the particle size of 60-80 meshes can be filled in the fracture surface; fillers with different grain diameters are uniformly distributed in the cracks and the karst caves.
With continued reference to fig. 1, 9 and 10, connection holes 7 are drilled in both sides of the core assembly for installing connection conduits 6 to connect the connection holes 7 drilled in the respective sides of the transition zone body for simulating fracture communication between the primary and secondary fractures.
With continued reference to fig. 1, 9 and 10, the core model body 1 has formed therein a primary fracture simulation well 12 extending from the top inwardly. The transition zone model bodies 2, 3 have secondary fracture simulation wells 22, 32 formed therein extending from the top inwardly.
In some embodiments, the simulated well site may comprise a plastic tube fixed at the well site hole site, for example 6mm outside diameter and 4mm inside diameter.
Although not shown in the drawings, in some embodiments, screw holes 10, for example, 8mm in diameter, may be drilled along the four sides of the mold body for mounting a fixing screw.
The structural feature according to some embodiments of the invention is that the model is formed by connecting different parts between the bodies by connecting lines and joints to form a uniform hydrodynamic system consisting of 1 primary fracture and 2 secondary fractures. In the whole model system, the core part combination body is positioned at the center, and the 2 transition zone combination bodies are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the core part combination body. The core assembly and the transition belt assembly are both of a seam-hole structure with a fracture surface in the middle, wherein seams and holes are distributed at different parts of the fracture surface, fillers with different grain diameters are uniformly distributed in the fracture surface, the seams and the holes, and the filling degree of the whole model body is enhanced from top to bottom.
In some embodiments, each model assembly is formed by 3D engraving a plurality of transparent organic glass plates, and each transparent organic glass plate has the same appearance size and the same thickness. Screw holes are drilled at specific positions along 4 edges of each model assembly for mounting a fixing screw; and a plurality of small holes communicated with the internal crack body are formed in the tops of the nuclear part assembly and the transition zone assembly and used for simulating injection and production wells. Connecting holes are drilled in two side surfaces of the core part assembly to install connecting pipelines for simulating crack communication between the main fracture and the secondary fracture; and respectively drilling a connecting hole on one side surface of each transition zone assembly for installing a connecting pipeline and simulating crack communication between the main fracture and the secondary fracture.
The invention relates to a carbonate fracture-cavity type oil reservoir development technology, in particular to a physical model for developing water injection or gas injection simulation of a fracture-cavity oil reservoir. The model comprises a body (1 core fracture model and 2 transition zone fracture models), a connecting pipeline, a connecting joint, a simulated well position, filling materials and the like. The core part of the model is positioned in the center, the 2 transition zones are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side, and the core part and the transition zones are connected with each other through connecting pipelines and connecting joints to form a hydrodynamic integral system. Filling materials with different particle sizes at different parts of the model simulates different filling degrees. The manufacturing method provided by the invention is based on the fracture distribution characteristics in the real carbonate rock oil reservoir, and the manufactured model can better simulate the carbonate rock fracture-cavity oil reservoir with fracture characteristics.
While various embodiments of the invention have been described herein, the description of the various embodiments is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and features and components that are the same or similar to one another may be omitted for clarity and conciseness. The particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics of the various embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples herein. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.
As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exhaustive, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements may include those elements but do not exclude the presence of other elements not expressly listed.
Exemplary systems and methods of the present invention have been particularly shown and described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, which are merely illustrative of the best modes for carrying out the systems and methods. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments of the systems and methods described herein may be made in practicing the systems and/or methods without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the system and method and that the system and method within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby. The above description of the present system and method should be understood to include all new and non-obvious combinations of elements described herein, and claims may be presented in this or a later application to any new and non-obvious combination of elements. Moreover, the foregoing embodiments are illustrative, and no single feature or element is essential to all possible combinations of features and elements that may be claimed in this or a later application.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model, comprising:
the plate-shaped core part model body is used for reducing a main fracture region of a simulated fractured karst fracture-cave reservoir well region in an equal proportion, wherein a simulated fracture-cave structure is arranged inside the core part model body;
one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies for scaling down one or more secondary fracture zones of a simulated fractured karst fracture hole reservoir well region, wherein a simulated fracture hole structure is arranged inside each transition zone model body;
a plurality of connecting lines;
the side surfaces of the core part model body and the one or more transition zone model bodies are provided with connecting holes for simulating ports for communicating a plurality of cracks of the main fracture zone and the one or more secondary fracture zones, wherein the connecting lines are connected with the corresponding connecting holes so as to simulate the communication of the plurality of cracks;
wherein the core model body and one or more transition zone models together form an integral hydromechanical system through the connecting line.
2. The three-dimensional visual fracture-hole model of claim 1, wherein the core model body comprises a stack of affixed pieces of transparent plexiglas for simulating a multi-layer primary fracture zone of a primary fracture zone; each transition zone model body comprises a plurality of pieces of transparent organic glass which are used for simulating the lamination and fixation of multi-layer fracture sections of a secondary fracture zone;
the simulation fracture-cave structure of the core part model body and the transition zone model body comprises a simulation fracture surface, a simulation crack and a simulation karst cave which are processed in the plurality of pieces of transparent organic glass through 3D carving;
and the simulated fracture surface, the simulated crack and the simulated karst cave of the core model body and the transition zone model body are filled with particles, wherein the filling degree of the particles is enhanced from the top to the bottom.
3. The three-dimensional visualization fracture and fissure cavern model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core model body is formed with a main fracture simulation well extending from the top to the inside; the one or more transition zone model bodies have a secondary fracture simulation well formed therein extending inwardly from the top.
4. The three-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a pneumatic connector disposed in the connecting line that can be selectively switched on and/or adjusted in pressure.
5. A manufacturing method of a three-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a fracture-cavity structure distribution map of a fractured karst fracture-cavity reservoir well region;
defining a main fracture zone sectioned along a longitudinal section in the fracture-cavity structure distribution diagram, and determining a fracture-cavity structure in the main fracture zone, wherein the fracture-cavity structure comprises a fracture surface and cracks and karst cavities distributed at different positions in the fracture surface;
defining one or more minor fracture zones cut along a longitudinal section in the fracture-hole structure distribution diagram, and determining the fracture-hole structure of each minor fracture zone, wherein the fracture-hole structure comprises a fracture surface and cracks and karst caves distributed at different positions in the fracture surface;
determining in the fracture-hole structure profile a plurality of fracture communications connecting the primary fracture zone and the one or more secondary fracture zones, the fracture communications having ports located in a longitudinal profile of the primary fracture zone and the one or more secondary fracture zones;
manufacturing a plate-shaped core part model body and one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies according to equal proportional reduction, wherein the core part model body simulates the main fracture zone and has a simulated slot-hole structure, and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies simulate the one or more secondary fracture zones and have respective simulated slot-hole structures;
connecting holes for simulating the ports are formed in the side faces of the core part model body and the one or more transition zone model bodies;
providing a plurality of connecting pipelines for connecting corresponding connecting holes in the core model body and the one or more transition zone models to simulate the plurality of crack communication, so that the core model body and the one or more transition zone models together form an integral hydrodynamics system through the connecting pipelines.
6. The method for manufacturing the three-dimensional visualized fracture-cavity model according to claim 5, wherein the obtaining of the fracture-cavity structure distribution map of the fracture-karst fracture-cavity reservoir well zone comprises:
obtaining a fine fracture-cavity structure distribution diagram of the fracture karst fracture-cavity reservoir well region according to the seismic interpretation of the fracture karst fracture-cavity reservoir well region;
and combining and simplifying the distribution of the cracks and the karst caves in the fractured karst to obtain an equivalent fracture-cave structure distribution map which is used as a fracture-cave structure distribution map of the fractured karst fracture-cave oil reservoir well region.
7. The method for making the three-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model according to claim 5, wherein the manufacturing of the plate-shaped core model body and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies according to the equal scaling-down comprises:
dividing the primary fracture zone into a plurality of primary fracture sections;
dividing each secondary fracture zone into multi-level fracture sections;
3D carving is carried out on a plurality of pieces of transparent organic glass according to the main fracture area to process a simulated fracture surface, a simulated crack and a simulated karst cave, wherein each piece of transparent organic glass simulates a layer of main fracture area;
3D engraving a plurality of pieces of transparent organic glass according to each secondary fracture zone to process a simulated fracture surface, a simulated crack and a simulated karst cave, wherein each piece of transparent organic glass simulates a one-level fracture zone;
laminating and fixing a plurality of transparent organic glass sheets aiming at the main fracture region to form a plate-shaped core part model body;
and laminating and fixing a plurality of transparent organic glass sheets aiming at each secondary fracture zone to form a plate-shaped transition zone model body.
8. The method for making the three-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model according to claim 7, wherein the plate-shaped core part model body and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies are manufactured according to the equal-scale reduction, and the method further comprises the following steps:
forming a main fracture simulation well extending from a top to an interior in the core model body;
a secondary fracture simulation well is formed in the one or more transition zone model bodies extending from the top inwardly.
9. The method for making the three-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the plate-shaped core part model body and the one or more plate-shaped transition zone model bodies are manufactured according to the equal-scale reduction, and the method further comprises the following steps:
filling particulate matters into the simulated fracture surface, the simulated crack and the simulated karst cave of the core part model body, wherein the filling degree of the particulate matters is enhanced from the top to the bottom;
and filling the simulated fracture surface, the simulated crack and the simulated karst cave of each plate-shaped transition zone model body with particles, wherein the filling degree of the particles is enhanced from the top to the bottom.
10. The method for making a three-dimensional visual fracture-cavity model of claim 5, wherein said providing a plurality of connecting lines for connecting corresponding connecting holes in said core model body and one or more transition zone models to simulate said plurality of fracture communication comprises
Pneumatic connectors which can be selectively switched on and off and/or regulated in pressure are arranged in the connecting pipelines.
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