CN114966492A - Atomic magnetometer probe, atomic magnetometer and magnetic field detection method - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses atom magnetometer probe, atom magnetometer and magnetic field detection method, wherein, atom magnetometer probe includes: an atomic spectrum lamp assembly for generating at least three pump lights in different directions; the atomic gas chamber component comprises at least three atomic gas chamber components, wherein each atomic gas chamber component sequentially comprises a first lens, a circular polaroid, an optical filter, a radio frequency coil, an atomic gas chamber, a second lens and a photoelectric detector in the optical axis direction; the pumping light in different directions respectively enters an atom air chamber component, and the photoelectric detector is used for measuring the pumping light after exiting the atom air chamber, wherein the pumping light after exiting the atom air chamber carries the information of the magnetic field to be measured. Through the mode, the detection blind area of the traditional atomic magnetic sensor can be eliminated through multiple beams of pump light in different directions; in addition, a single atomic spectrum lamp is adopted to pump a plurality of atomic gas chamber components simultaneously, the consistency of output signals can be ensured, and the crosstalk among the atomic gas chamber components is reduced.

Description

Atomic magnetometer probe, atomic magnetometer and magnetic field detection method

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of atomic magnetic sensors, in particular to an atomic magnetometer probe, an atomic magnetometer and a magnetic field detection method.

Background

The atomic magnetometer based on the atomic spectrum lamp is magnetic field intensity detection equipment which is most widely applied in the world at present, has the characteristics of large measuring range, high sensitivity, light weight and the like, and has important application in the fields of geophysical research, mineral exploration, marine exploration, archaeological excavation, large-scale construction, environmental protection, military affairs and the like.

In general, there are two implementations of atomic magnetometers, namely M _Z Scheme and M _X And (4) scheme. However, limited by its working principle, the atomic magnetometer usually has a certain range of detection dead zone, i.e. the direction of the magnetic field to be measured and the axial direction of the probe of the atomic magnetometer (usually the propagation direction of the internal pump light of the probe) are within a certain angle range, and the atomic magnetometer has no output signal. For example, for using M _Z For the atomic magnetometer of the scheme, when the included angle between the direction of the magnetic field to be measured and the probe of the atomic magnetometer is more than 80 degrees and less than 100 degrees, the M is _Z The atomic magnetometer of the scheme has no signal output; for the adoption of M _X For the atomic magnetometer of the scheme, generally, when the included angle between the direction of the magnetic field to be measured and the light propagation direction of the probe of the atomic magnetometer is less than 10 °, or more than 80 ° and less than 100 °, or more than 170 °, M is _X The atomic magnetometer of the scheme has no signal output, and the angle range is called as a detection blind area. This causes great inconvenience to the use of the atomic magnetometer.

The traditional practical solutions are mainly of two kinds: the first is to place the probe in a three-dimensional rotating frame, and in the working process of the probe, the probe keeps the optimal detection angle with the external magnetic field by rotating the three-dimensional rotating frame all the time; the second is to use at least three sets of atom magnetometers, and to adjust the mutual angles among the three instruments to ensure that at least one atom magnetometer is out of the detection blind area. However, both of these approaches have drawbacks: the first mode needs to process the nonmagnetic rotating frame, which puts more rigorous requirements on materials and processing technology; the second approach requires the use of multiple atomic magnetometers, multiplying the overall power consumption.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides an atom magnetometer probe, an atom magnetometer and a magnetic field detection method, which aim to solve the problem that in the prior art, an atom magnetometer has a detection blind area.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides an atomic magnetometer probe, including: an atomic spectrum lamp assembly for generating at least three pump lights in different directions; the atomic gas chamber component comprises at least three atomic gas chamber components, wherein each atomic gas chamber component sequentially comprises a first lens, a circular polaroid, an optical filter, a radio frequency coil, an atomic gas chamber, a second lens and a photoelectric detector in the optical axis direction; the pumping light in different directions respectively enters an atom air chamber component, and the photoelectric detector is used for measuring the pumping light after exiting the atom air chamber, wherein the pumping light after exiting the atom air chamber carries the information of the magnetic field to be measured.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides an atomic magnetometer, including: the atomic magnetometer probe and the data processing unit are characterized in that the data processing unit comprises a high-frequency excitation source and a signal processing module; the high-frequency excitation source is used for generating a high-power high-frequency signal to excite the atomic spectrum lamp assembly to emit light, wherein the frequency of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1MHz, and the power of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1W; the signal processing module is used for sending an instruction to drive the atomic gas chamber component and converting the optical signal into a magnetic field signal.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a magnetic field detection method, which uses the above atomic magnetometer to perform magnetic field detection, and the magnetic field detection method includes: the atomic spectrum lamp assembly generates at least three beams of pump light in different directions; pump light in different directions respectively enters different atomic gas chamber components, a photoelectric detector measures the pump light after the pump light exits an atomic gas chamber, and an optical signal of the pump light is sent to a signal processing module, wherein the pump light after the atomic gas chamber exits carries information of a magnetic field to be detected; the signal processing module carries out signal processing, converts the received optical signal into a magnetic field signal and finally outputs the information of the magnetic field to be detected.

The application provides an atomic magnetometer probe, an atomic magnetometer and a magnetic field detection method.A atomic spectrum lamp assembly can generate a plurality of beams of pumping light in different directions, and each beam of pumping light pumps an atomic gas chamber assembly. The direction of the light beams can ensure that at least one beam of atomic gas chamber component pumped by the light beams is not in the detection blind area range in any magnetic field direction, so that the detection blind area is eliminated; moreover, a single atomic spectrum lamp is adopted to pump a plurality of atomic gas chamber components simultaneously, so that the consistency of output signals can be ensured, and the crosstalk among the atomic gas chamber components is reduced; in addition, the atomic magnetometer of the application also has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and low power consumption.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an atomic magnetometer of the present application;

FIG. 2 shows the present application using M _Z The schematic structure diagram of one embodiment of the atomic magnetometer probe in the scheme;

FIG. 3 shows the application using M _Z Schematic structural diagram of a first atomic gas cell assembly at the time of the scheme;

FIG. 4 shows the application using M _X The schematic structure diagram of one embodiment of the atomic magnetometer probe in the scheme;

FIG. 5 shows the application using M _X Schematic structural diagram of a first atomic gas cell assembly at the time of the scheme;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of one embodiment of a dual inductively-excited atomic spectrum lamp assembly of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of one embodiment of a single inductively-excited atomic spectrum lamp assembly of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart diagram of an embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic flow chart diagram of another embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic flow chart diagram of another embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present application, the atomic magnetometer probe, the atomic magnetometer and the magnetic field detection method provided in the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an atomic magnetometer of the present application, and an atomic magnetometer 100 may include an atomic magnetometer probe 110 and a data processing unit 120. Wherein the atom magnetometer probe 110 is a magnetic field sensing component, the atom magnetometer probe 110 can include an atom spectrum lamp assembly 111 and at least three atom gas cell assemblies.

The atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 may be used to generate at least three beams of pump light in different directions. The pumping light in different directions respectively enters an atomic gas chamber component. Each atom air chamber component sequentially comprises a first lens, a circular polaroid, an optical filter, a radio frequency coil, an atom air chamber, a second lens and a photoelectric detector in the optical axis direction; the photoelectric detector can be used for measuring the pump light after the atomic gas chamber exits, wherein the pump light after the atomic gas chamber exits carries the information of the magnetic field to be measured. A plurality of atomic gas cell assemblies in different directions can be used for sensing magnetic fields and compensating detection blind areas mutually.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the atom magnetometer probe 110 can also include a magnetic field direction sensor 115, and the magnetic field direction sensor 115 can be used to detect the angle of the magnetic field to be measured with the atom magnetometer probe 110.

The atom gas chamber can be an atom saturated vapor chamber, and a radio frequency coil is wound outside the atom gas chamber. The first lens is used for collimating light emitted by the atomic spectrum lamp, the circular polarizing film is used for generating circularly polarized light, the optical filter is used for filtering useless light frequency, the atomic gas chamber is a place where light, a magnetic field and atoms interact, the second lens is used for converging the light passing through the atomic gas chamber, and the photoelectric detector is used for detecting the converged light.

In particular, the atom plenum assembly can include a first atom plenum assembly 112, a second atom plenum assembly 113, and a third atom plenum assembly 114; the first atom plenum assembly 112, the second atom plenum assembly 113, and the third atom plenum assembly 114 are identical in structure. Each atomic gas cell assembly is in the direction of the optical axis. The light propagation direction of the first atomic gas cell component 112 is a first optical axis, the light propagation direction of the second atomic gas cell component 113 is a second optical axis, and the light propagation direction of the third atomic gas cell component 114 is a third optical axis. Each atomic gas cell assembly may generate a magnetic field measurement signal.

In this embodiment, one atomic-spectrum lamp assembly 111 generates multiple beams of pump light in different directions, each pumping one atomic gas cell. Therefore, the atomic gas chambers arranged in the magnetic field to be detected in multiple directions can ensure that at least one atomic gas chamber is not in a detection blind area, so that the detection blind area of the traditional atomic magnetic sensor is eliminated; three atomic gas chamber components are pumped by one atomic spectrum lamp component, so that the consistency of output signals is ensured, and the crosstalk among the atomic gas chamber components is reduced; and, compared with the prior art, still have simple structure, light in weight, advantage that the consumption is low.

Specifically, the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 may limit the outgoing light in the direction of the first, second, and third optical axes through a clear aperture or other equivalent structure and lens in the direction of its outgoing light.

The data processing unit 120 may comprise a high frequency excitation source 121 and a signal processing module 122. The data processing unit 120 is responsible for driving the atomic magnetometer probe 110 and processing the signals acquired from the probe to ultimately generate a magnetic field value signal.

The high-frequency excitation source 121 is used for generating a high-power high-frequency signal to excite the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 to emit light, wherein the frequency of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1MHz, and the power of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1W; the signal processing module 122 may be configured to issue instructions to drive the atomic gas cell assembly and receive the pump light signal sent by the photodetector, and convert the pump light signal into a magnetic field signal.

Optionally, the data processing unit 120 may further include a first input output interface circuit 123, a second input output interface circuit 124, a third input output interface circuit 125, and a final output module 126. The first input/output interface circuit 123 is configured to drive the first atomic gas cell component 112, collect a signal of the first atomic gas cell component 112, and transmit the signal to the signal processing module 122; the second input/output interface circuit 124 is used for driving the second atomic gas chamber component 113, collecting a signal of the second atomic gas chamber component 113, and transmitting the signal to the signal processing module 122; the third input/output interface circuit 125 is used for driving the third atomic gas chamber assembly 114, collecting the signal of the third atomic gas chamber assembly 114, and transmitting the signal to the signal processing module 122. The signal processing module 122 is used for signal processing and outputting a final magnetic field value; the final output module 126 is used to output the final magnetic field value.

In the case where the atomic magnetometer probe 110 includes the magnetic field direction sensor 115, the data processing unit 120 may also include a fourth input-output interface circuit 127. The fourth input/output interface circuit 127 is used for driving the magnetic field direction sensor 115, collecting signals of the magnetic field direction sensor 115, and transmitting the signals to the signal processing module 122.

Further, there are two implementations of atomic magnetometers, namely M _Z Scheme and M _X And (4) scheme. According to the difference of the working modes of the atomic magnetometer, the light propagation directions of the three atomic air chamber components have different included angles, and the light-emitting directions of the corresponding atomic spectrum lamps are different. For the adoption of M _Z For the atomic magnetometer of the scheme, because the included angle between the optimal magnetic field and the light beam is 0 degree, the optical axes of the three atomic gas chamber components are 90 degrees. For using a single beam M _X For the atomic magnetometer of the scheme, because the included angle between the optimal magnetic field and the light beam is 45 degrees and detection blind zones in two directions exist, the included angles of the optical axes of the three atomic gas chamber components are in the range of 45 degrees to 55 degrees.

Specifically, referring to FIGS. 2-3, FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a computer system employing M according to the present application _Z Scheme is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an atomic magnetometer probe, and FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the probe in which M is adopted in the present application _Z Scheme is a structural schematic diagram of the first atomic gas cell assembly.

When using M _Z When the scheme is used for realizing the atomic magnetometer, the included angle between the first optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 0 degree or 180 degrees when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the first atomic air chamber component is maximum, the included angle between the second optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 0 degree or 180 degrees when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the second atomic air chamber component is maximum, and the included angle between the third optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 0 degree or 180 degrees when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the third atomic air chamber component is maximum180°。

The light-emitting direction of the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 can be limited to the directions pointed by the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis by a mechanical structure, and the included angles between the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis are 90 degrees.

Taking the structure of the first atom cell assembly 112 as an example, as can be seen from fig. 3, the first lens 1121, the circularly polarizing plate 1122, the optical filter 1123, the atom cell 1124, the second lens 1126, and the photodetector 1127 are sequentially included in the direction of the first optical axis a. The atomic gas cell 1124 has a radio frequency coil 1125 wound around it, and the first optical axis A is perpendicular to the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil 1125.

Referring to FIGS. 4-5, FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a computer system employing M according to the present application _X Scheme is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an atomic magnetometer probe, and FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the probe in which M is adopted in the present application _X Schematic diagram of the first atomic gas cell assembly. By using M _X The atomic magnetometer of the scheme further comprises a magnetic field direction sensor; the magnetic field direction sensor is used for measuring the direction of a magnetic field to be measured.

When using M _X When the scheme is used for realizing the atomic magnetometer, the included angle between the first optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45 degrees or 135 degrees when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the first atomic air chamber component 112 is maximum, the included angle between the second optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45 degrees or 135 degrees when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the second atomic air chamber component 113 is maximum, and the included angle between the third optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45 degrees or 135 degrees when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the third atomic air chamber component 114 is maximum.

The present embodiment can define the light-emitting direction of the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 in the direction in which the first optical axis, the second optical axis, and the third optical axis are directed by a mechanical structure, and the included angle between the first optical axis, the second optical axis, and the third optical axis is between 45 ° and 55 °. Preferably, an angle between the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis is 50 °.

Taking the structure of the first atom cell assembly 112 as an example, as can be seen from fig. 5, the first lens 1121 ', the circularly polarizing plate 1122 ', the optical filter 1123 ', the atom cell 1124 ', the second lens 1126 ' and the photodetector 1127 ' are sequentially included in the direction of the first optical axis a '. The atomic gas cell 124 'is surrounded by a radio frequency coil 1125' with a first optical axis A 'parallel to the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil 1125'.

The atomic spectrum lamp assembly employs single inductive excitation, dual inductive excitation, or capacitive excitation. Referring to fig. 6-7, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a dual inductively-excited atomic spectrum lamp assembly of the present application, and fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a single inductively-excited atomic spectrum lamp assembly of the present application.

In the case of a dual inductively-excited atomic spectrum lamp assembly, the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 may include one atomic spectrum lamp 1111 and two exciting inductors 1112. In the single inductively-powered atomic spectrum lamp assembly scheme, the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 ' may include an atomic spectrum lamp 1111 ' and a powered inductor 1112 '.

Alternatively, M _Z The atomic spectrum lamp assembly of the scheme may employ dual inductive excitation: the light outgoing direction of the atomic-spectrum lamp 1111 is defined in the direction in which the first optical axis a, the second optical axis B, and the third optical axis C are directed; m _X The atomic spectrum lamp assembly of the scheme may employ single inductive excitation: the light outgoing direction of the atomic-spectrum lamp 1111 is defined in the direction in which the first optical axis a ', the second optical axis B ', and the third optical axis C ' are directed.

Based on the atomic magnetometer, the present application further provides a magnetic field detection method, please refer to fig. 8, where fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application, in this embodiment, the magnetic field detection method may include steps S110 to S130, where each step is as follows:

s110: the atomic spectrum lamp assembly generates at least three beams of pump light in different directions.

S120: the pumping light in different directions respectively enters different atom air chamber components, the photoelectric detector measures the pumping light after the pumping light exits the atom air chamber, and an optical signal of the pumping light is sent to the signal processing module, wherein the pumping light after the pumping light exits the atom air chamber carries the information of the magnetic field to be detected.

S130: the signal processing module carries out signal processing, converts the received optical signal into a magnetic field signal and finally outputs the information of the magnetic field to be detected.

Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic flowchart illustrating another embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application, in this embodiment, the magnetic field detection method may include steps S210 to S230, and each step is as follows:

s210: when using M _Z When the scheme is used for realizing the atomic magnetometer, the signal processing module generates the same driving signal to drive the radio frequency coil in the atomic gas chamber assembly, wherein the frequency of the driving signal is near larmor frequency.

S220: under the action of the driving signal, the pumping light passing through the atomic gas chamber carries the information of the magnetic field to be detected, and the pumping light is detected by the photoelectric detector and then input to the signal processing module.

S230: and the signal processing module adds and amplifies the obtained optical signals, converts the optical signals into magnetic field signals and finally outputs the information of the magnetic field to be detected.

In the present embodiment, M is used _Z According to the scheme, the atomic magnetometer without the detection blind area can generate three same driving signals by the signal processing module, and the signal processing module drives the first atomic gas chamber component, the second atomic gas chamber component and the third atomic gas chamber component after the three same driving signals respectively pass through the first input-output interface circuit, the second input-output interface circuit and the third input-output interface circuit. The frequency of the driving signal is within the magnetic resonance curve range of the atomic gas chamber (namely, the frequency is near larmor frequency), and is controlled by the signal processing module.

Under the driving of the driving signal, the first atomic gas chamber component, the second atomic gas chamber component and the third atomic gas chamber component are respectively collected by the first input-output interface circuit, the second input-output interface circuit and the third input-output interface circuit and are sent to the signal processing module. The signal processing module obtains an operation result after calculation, and the operation result can control the frequency of the driving signal to be always the larmor frequency.

It should be noted that the closer the frequency of the signal applied to the rf coil is to the larmor frequency, the stronger the absorption of light by the atomic cell is, and the absorption reaches a maximum at the larmor frequency. Therefore, the frequency of the signal loaded on the radio frequency coil is always the larmor frequency through the calculation of the signal processing module. And because the driving signal frequencies of the three atomic gas chamber components are the same, the collected three optical signals can be added and then amplified, and finally, the magnetic field information is obtained according to the added optical signal frequencies.

Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a magnetic field detection method according to another embodiment of the present application, in which the magnetic field detection method may include steps S310 to S320, where the steps are as follows:

s310: when using M _X When the scheme realizes the atomic magnetometer, the signal processing module respectively calculates the included angle between the magnetic field to be measured and the light propagation direction of each atomic air chamber component according to the data obtained by the magnetic field direction sensor, and a first result is obtained.

S320: and selecting the optimal included angle which accords with a preset rule from the first result, and taking the magnetic field value measured by the atomic gas chamber component corresponding to the optimal included angle as a final output value.

And the signal processing module acquires signals of the magnetic field direction sensor through the fourth input/output interface circuit. And respectively calculating included angles of the magnetic field to be measured and the light propagation directions of the moving first atom air chamber component, the second atom air chamber component and the third atom air chamber component to obtain a first result, wherein the first result comprises an included angle between the first optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured, an included angle between the second optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured and an included angle between the third optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured. And the signal processing module selects an optimal included angle which accords with a preset rule from the calculated angle values of the first result, and takes a magnetic field value which is measured by the atomic gas chamber component corresponding to the optimal included angle as a final output value.

Wherein, according to M _X The working principle of the scheme is that the preset rule is as follows: when the optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured are closer to 45 degrees, the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal is higher. Therefore, the signal processing module can select one of the first results, in which the included angle between the optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured is closest to 45 °, as the optimal included angle.

In addition, M is _X There are two specific implementations of the scheme, one is called tracking,one is called self-excited. The tracking mode needs to actively load a driving signal on the radio frequency coil, and the atomic gas chamber component can output a signal with the same frequency; the amplitude of the output signal is larger when the signal frequency is closer to the larmor frequency; when the signal frequency is the larmor frequency, the signal amplitude reaches a maximum value. The signal loaded on the coil can always be a larmor signal through the calculation of the signal processing module.

The self-excited scheme does not require active loading of a drive signal on the rf coil. When the frequency of the signal on the rf coil is larmor, the phase difference between the output signal of the atomic cell assembly and the signal on the coil is exactly 90 °. Therefore, after the output signal of the atomic gas chamber assembly is amplified and phase-shifted, the amplified and phase-shifted output signal is applied to the radio frequency coil, so that a positive feedback closed loop can be formed to form self-excited oscillation, and the oscillation frequency is larmor frequency.

It should be noted that the directions of the optical axes of the three groups of atomic gas chamber assemblies are not orthogonal, and the radio frequency coils in the three groups of atomic gas chamber assemblies are fixed relative to the respective optical axes, so that the directions of the three groups of radio frequency coils are not orthogonal due to the non-orthogonality of the optical axis directions of the corresponding atomic gas chamber assemblies, and the non-orthogonal coils have crosstalk due to the mutual induction effect. Based on this, in the embodiment, the magnetic field angle sensor is used for measuring the magnetic field angle, the signal processing module selects the atomic gas chamber component in the optimal angle range to work, and the other two atomic gas chamber components do not work.

It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and are not limiting of the application. In addition, for convenience of description, only a part of structures related to the present application, not all of the structures, are shown in the drawings. The step numbers used herein are also for convenience of description only and are not intended as limitations on the order in which the steps are performed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The terms "first", "second", etc. in this application are used to distinguish between different objects and not to describe a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "include" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application or are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. An atomic magnetometer probe, comprising:

an atomic spectrum lamp assembly for generating at least three pump lights in different directions;

the atomic gas chamber component comprises at least three atomic gas chamber components, wherein each atomic gas chamber component sequentially comprises a first lens, a circular polaroid, an optical filter, a radio frequency coil, an atomic gas chamber, a second lens and a photoelectric detector in the optical axis direction;

the pumping light in different directions respectively enters an atomic gas chamber component, and the photoelectric detector is used for measuring the pumping light after exiting the atomic gas chamber, wherein the pumping light after exiting the atomic gas chamber carries the information of the magnetic field to be measured.

2. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 1,

the atomic gas chamber assembly comprises a first atomic gas chamber assembly, a second atomic gas chamber assembly and a third atomic gas chamber assembly;

the light propagation direction of the first atomic gas chamber component is a first optical axis, the light propagation direction of the second atomic gas chamber component is a second optical axis, and the light propagation direction of the third atomic gas chamber component is a third optical axis.

3. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 2,

the included angles among the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis are 90 degrees.

4. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 3,

when using M _Z When the atomic magnetometer is realized by the scheme, when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the first atomic air chamber component is maximum, the included angle between the first optical axis and the magnetic field to be detected is 0 degree or 180 degrees, when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the second atomic air chamber component is maximum, the included angle between the second optical axis and the magnetic field to be detected is 0 degree or 180 degrees, and when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the third atomic air chamber component is maximum, the included angle between the third optical axis and the magnetic field to be detected is 0 degree or 180 degrees.

5. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 2,

an included angle between the first optical axis, the second optical axis, and the third optical axis is between 45 ° and 55 °.

6. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 5, further comprising a magnetic field direction sensor; the magnetic field direction sensor is used for measuring the direction of a magnetic field to be measured;

when using M _X When the scheme realizes an atomic magnetometer, the first optical axis and the magnet to be measured are positioned when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the first atomic air chamber component is maximumThe included angle of the field is 45 degrees or 135 degrees, the included angle between the second optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45 degrees or 135 degrees when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the second atomic gas chamber component is maximum, and the included angle between the third optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45 degrees or 135 degrees when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the third atomic gas chamber component is maximum.

7. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 1,

the atomic spectrum lamp assembly employs single inductive excitation, dual inductive excitation, or capacitive excitation.

8. An atomic magnetometer, comprising: the atomic magnetometer probe and data processing unit of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the data processing unit comprises a high frequency excitation source and a signal processing module;

the high-frequency excitation source is used for generating a high-power high-frequency signal to excite the atomic spectrum lamp assembly to emit light, wherein the frequency of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1MHz, and the power of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1W;

the signal processing module is used for sending an instruction to drive the atomic gas chamber assembly and converting the optical signal into a magnetic field signal.

9. A magnetic field detection method characterized by performing magnetic field detection using the atomic magnetometer of claim 8, the magnetic field detection method comprising:

the atomic spectrum lamp assembly generates at least three beams of pump light in different directions;

pump light in different directions respectively enters different atomic gas chamber components, a photoelectric detector measures the pump light after the atomic gas chamber is emergent, and an optical signal of the pump light is sent to a signal processing module, wherein the pump light after the atomic gas chamber is emergent carries information of a magnetic field to be detected;

the signal processing module carries out signal processing, converts the received optical signal into a magnetic field signal and finally outputs the information of the magnetic field to be detected.

10. Method for detecting a magnetic field according to claim 9, characterized in that M is used _Z Scheme or M _X The scheme realizes an atomic magnetometer;

when using M _Z When the scheme is used for realizing the atomic magnetometer, the signal processing module generates the same driving signal to drive the radio frequency coil in the atomic gas chamber assembly, wherein the frequency of the driving signal is within the range of the magnetic resonance curve of the atomic gas chamber;

under the action of the driving signal, the pumping light passing through the atomic gas chamber carries magnetic field information to be detected, and the pumping light is detected by the photoelectric detector and then is input to the signal processing module;

the signal processing module adds and amplifies the obtained optical signals, converts the optical signals into magnetic field signals and finally outputs the information of the magnetic field to be detected;

when using M _X When the scheme is used for realizing the atomic magnetometer, the signal processing module respectively calculates included angles between a magnetic field to be measured and the light propagation direction of each atomic air chamber component according to data obtained by the magnetic field direction sensor to obtain a first result;

and selecting an optimal included angle which accords with a preset rule from the first result, and taking a magnetic field value measured by the atomic gas chamber component corresponding to the optimal included angle as a final output value.

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