CN114966492A - Atomic magnetometer probe, atomic magnetometer and magnetic field detection method - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses atom magnetometer probe, atom magnetometer and magnetic field detection method, wherein, atom magnetometer probe includes: an atomic spectrum lamp assembly for generating at least three pump lights in different directions; the atomic gas chamber component comprises at least three atomic gas chamber components, wherein each atomic gas chamber component sequentially comprises a first lens, a circular polaroid, an optical filter, a radio frequency coil, an atomic gas chamber, a second lens and a photoelectric detector in the optical axis direction; the pumping light in different directions respectively enters an atom air chamber component, and the photoelectric detector is used for measuring the pumping light after exiting the atom air chamber, wherein the pumping light after exiting the atom air chamber carries the information of the magnetic field to be measured. Through the mode, the detection blind area of the traditional atomic magnetic sensor can be eliminated through multiple beams of pump light in different directions; in addition, a single atomic spectrum lamp is adopted to pump a plurality of atomic gas chamber components simultaneously, the consistency of output signals can be ensured, and the crosstalk among the atomic gas chamber components is reduced.

Description

Atomic magnetometer probe, atomic magnetometer and magnetic field detection method

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of atomic magnetic sensors, and in particular, to an atomic magnetometer probe, an atomic magnetometer and a magnetic field detection method.

Background technique

The atomic magnetometer based on the atomic spectrum lamp is the most widely used magnetic field strength detection equipment in the world. It has the characteristics of large range, high sensitivity and light weight. There are important applications in the fields of environmental protection and military defense.

Generally, there are two implementation schemes for atomic magnetometers, namely the _MZ scheme and the _MX scheme. However, limited by its working principle, the atomic magnetometer usually has a certain range of detection blind area, that is, the direction of the magnetic field to be measured and the axial direction of the atomic magnetometer probe (usually the propagation direction of the internal pump light of the probe) are within a certain angle range, The atomic magnetometer has no output signal. For example, for an atomic magnetometer using the _MZ scheme, usually when the angle between the direction of the magnetic field to be measured and the probe of the atomic magnetometer is greater than 80° and less than 100°, the atomic magnetometer of the _MZ scheme has no signal output; for For the atomic magnetometer using the _MX scheme, usually when the angle between the direction of the magnetic field to be measured and the light propagation direction of the atomic magnetometer probe is less than 10°, or greater than 80° and less than 100°, or greater than 170°, the _MX The atomic magnetometer of the scheme has no signal output, and this angle range is called the detection blind zone. This brings great inconvenience to the use of atomic magnetometers.

There are two main traditional practical solutions: the first one is to place the probe in a three-dimensional rotating frame. During the working process of the probe, by rotating the three-dimensional rotating frame, the probe axis and the external magnetic field are always maintained at the best detection angle; The second is to use at least three sets of atomic magnetometers, by adjusting the mutual angle between the three, so that at least one atomic magnetometer is outside the detection blind area. However, these two methods have their own shortcomings: the first method needs to process a non-magnetic rotating frame, which puts forward more stringent requirements for materials and processing technology; the second method requires the use of multiple atomic magnetometers, and the overall power consumption becomes multiplied.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present application provides an atomic magnetometer probe, an atomic magnetometer and a magnetic field detection method, so as to solve the problem of the detection blind area of the atomic magnetometer in the prior art.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes an atomic magnetometer probe, comprising: an atomic spectrum lamp assembly for generating at least three pump lights in different directions; at least three atomic gas chamber assemblies, wherein each atom In the direction of the optical axis, the gas cell assembly sequentially includes a first lens, a circular polarizer, an optical filter, a radio frequency coil, an atomic gas cell, a second lens and a photodetector; the pump light in different directions respectively enters an atomic gas cell The component, the photodetector is used to measure the pump light after exiting the atomic gas chamber, wherein the pump light after exiting the atomic gas chamber carries the magnetic field information to be measured.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes an atomic magnetometer, comprising: the above-mentioned atomic magnetometer probe and a data processing unit, wherein the data processing unit includes a high-frequency excitation source and a signal processing module; the high-frequency excitation source is used to generate The high-power high-frequency signal is used to excite the atomic spectrum lamp assembly to emit light, wherein the frequency of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1MHz and the power is greater than 1W; the signal processing module is used to issue instructions to drive the atomic gas chamber assembly and convert the light signal into a magnetic field signal.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes a magnetic field detection method, which uses the above atomic magnetometer for magnetic field detection. The magnetic field detection method includes: the atomic spectrum lamp assembly generates at least three beams of pump light in different directions; The light is incident on different atomic gas cell components, and the photodetector measures the pump light after exiting the atomic gas cell, and sends the optical signal of the pump light to the signal processing module, wherein the pump light after exiting the atomic gas cell carries the The magnetic field information to be measured; the signal processing module performs signal processing, converts the received optical signal into a magnetic field signal, and finally outputs the magnetic field information to be measured.

The present application proposes an atomic magnetometer probe, an atomic magnetometer and a magnetic field detection method. One atomic spectrum lamp assembly can generate multiple beams of pump light in different directions, and each beam of pump light pumps an atomic gas chamber assembly. The direction of the light beam can make the atomic gas cell components pumped by at least one beam of light in any magnetic field direction not within the detection blind area, thereby eliminating the detection blind area; The consistency of the output signal can be ensured, and the crosstalk between the various atomic gas chamber components can be reduced; in addition, the atomic magnetometer of the present application also has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and low power consumption.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the implementation manner. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some implementations of the present application, which are common in the art. As far as technical personnel are concerned, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an atomic magnetometer of the present application;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an atomic magnetometer probe when the application adopts the _MZ scheme;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of the first atomic gas chamber assembly when the application adopts the _MZ scheme;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an atomic magnetometer probe when the application adopts the _MX scheme;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of the first atomic gas chamber assembly when the application adopts the _MX scheme;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the dual-inductance excitation atomic spectroscopy lamp assembly of the present application;

7 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the single-inductance excitation atomic spectroscopy lamp assembly of the present application;

8 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application;

9 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application.

Detailed ways

In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the atomic magnetometer probe, atomic magnetometer and magnetic field detection method provided by the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The present application discloses an atomic magnetometer probe and an atomic magnetometer. Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the atomic magnetometer of the present application. The atomic magnetometer 100 may include an atomic magnetometer probe 110 and a data processing unit. 120. The atomic magnetometer probe 110 is a magnetic field sensing component, and the atomic magnetometer probe 110 may include an atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 and at least three atomic gas chamber assemblies.

The atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 can be used to generate at least three pump lights in different directions. The pump light in different directions is respectively incident on an atomic gas cell assembly. In the direction of the optical axis, each atomic gas cell assembly sequentially includes a first lens, a circular polarizer, an optical filter, a radio frequency coil, an atomic gas cell, a second lens and a photodetector; the photodetector can be used to measure the outgoing atoms The pump light behind the gas cell, wherein the pump light after exiting the atomic gas cell carries the magnetic field information to be measured. Multiple atomic gas cell assemblies with different orientations can be used to sense the magnetic field and compensate for the detection dead zone with each other.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the atomic magnetometer probe 110 may further include a magnetic field direction sensor 115 , and the magnetic field direction sensor 115 may be used to detect the angle between the magnetic field to be measured and the atomic magnetometer probe 110 .

The atomic gas chamber may be an atomic saturated vapor chamber, and a radio frequency coil is wound outside the atomic gas chamber. The first lens is used to collimate the light emitted by the atomic spectrum lamp, the circular polarizer is used to generate circularly polarized light, the filter is used to filter out useless light frequencies, and the atomic gas chamber is the interaction between light, magnetic field and atoms. The second lens is used to condense the light passing through the atomic gas chamber, and the photodetector is used to detect the condensed light.

Specifically, the atomic gas chamber assembly may include a first atomic gas chamber assembly 112, a second atomic gas chamber assembly 113, and a third atomic gas chamber assembly 114; the first atomic gas chamber assembly 112, the second atomic gas chamber assembly 113, and the The structure of the triatomic gas cell assembly 114 is identical. Each atomic gas cell assembly is in the direction of the optical axis. The light propagation direction of the first atomic gas cell assembly 112 is the first optical axis, the light propagation direction of the second atomic gas cell assembly 113 is the second optical axis, and the light propagation direction of the third atomic gas cell assembly 114 is the third optical axis optical axis. Each atomic gas cell assembly produces a magnetic field measurement signal.

In this embodiment, one atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 generates multiple beams of pump light in different directions, and each beam of pump light pumps one atomic gas cell. Therefore, setting atomic gas chambers in multiple directions in the magnetic field to be measured can ensure that at least one atomic gas chamber is not in the detection blind area, thereby eliminating the detection blind area of the traditional atomic magnetic sensor; using an atomic spectrum lamp assembly to pump three atoms at the same time The air chamber assembly ensures the consistency of the output signal and reduces the crosstalk between the atomic air chamber assemblies; and, compared with the prior art, it also has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and low power consumption.

Specifically, the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 can pass through a light-transmitting hole or other equivalent structures and lenses in the light-emitting direction to confine the emitted light in the directions of the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis .

The data processing unit 120 may include a high frequency excitation source 121 and a signal processing module 122 . The data processing unit 120 is responsible for driving the atomic magnetometer probe 110 and processing the signals collected from the probe to finally generate a magnetic field value signal.

The high-frequency excitation source 121 is used to generate a high-power high-frequency signal to excite the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 to emit light, wherein the high-power high-frequency signal has a frequency greater than 1MHz and a power greater than 1W; the signal processing module 122 can be used to issue instructions to drive the atomic gas The chamber assembly also receives the pump light signal sent by the photodetector, and converts the pump light signal into a magnetic field signal.

Optionally, the data processing unit 120 may further include a first input/output interface circuit 123 , a second input/output interface circuit 124 , a third input/output interface circuit 125 and a final output module 126 . The first input and output interface circuit 123 is used to drive the first atomic gas cell assembly 112 and collect the signal of the first atomic gas cell assembly 112 and transmit it to the signal processing module 122; the second input and output interface circuit 124 is used to drive the second atomic gas The chamber assembly 113 and the signal collected from the second atomic gas chamber assembly 113 are transmitted to the signal processing module 122 ; the third input and output interface circuit 125 is used to drive the third atomic gas chamber assembly 114 and collect the signal of the third atomic gas chamber assembly 114 and sent to the signal processing module 122 . The signal processing module 122 is used for signal processing and outputting the final magnetic field value; the final outputting module 126 is used for outputting the final magnetic field value.

In the case where the atomic magnetometer probe 110 includes the magnetic field direction sensor 115 , the data processing unit 120 may further include a fourth input-output interface circuit 127 . The fourth input and output interface circuit 127 is used to drive the magnetic field direction sensor 115 and collect the signal of the magnetic field direction sensor 115 and transmit it to the signal processing module 122 .

Further, there are two implementation schemes for the atomic magnetometer, namely the _MZ scheme and the _MX scheme. According to the different working modes of the atomic magnetometer, the angles of the light propagation directions of the three atomic gas chamber components are also different, and the light output directions of the corresponding atomic spectrum lamps are also different. For the atomic magnetometer using the _MZ scheme, since the angle between the optimal magnetic field and the beam is 0°, the optical axes of the three atomic gas cell assemblies are 90° to each other. For the atomic magnetometer using the single-beam _MX scheme, the angle between the optical axes of the three atomic gas cell components is 45° due to the fact that the optimal magnetic field angle is 45° with the beam and there are detection blind zones in two directions. to within 55°.

Specifically, please refer to FIGS. 2-3 , FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an atomic magnetometer probe when the application adopts the _MZ scheme, and FIG. 3 is the structure of the first atomic gas chamber assembly when the application adopts the _MZ scheme Schematic.

When the _MZ scheme is used to implement the atomic magnetometer, the angle between the first optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 0° or 180° when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photodetector of the first atomic gas cell assembly is maximal, and the second atomic gas The angle between the second optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 0° or 180° when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photodetector of the chamber component is the maximum, and the third is when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photodetector of the third atomic gas chamber component is the maximum. The angle between the optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 0° or 180°.

In this embodiment, the light emitting direction of the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 can be limited by the mechanical structure in the directions pointed by the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis. The first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis The included angles between the optical axes are 90° to each other.

Taking the structure of the first atomic gas chamber assembly 112 as an example, it can be seen from FIG. 3 that in the direction of the first optical axis A, it sequentially includes a first lens 1121, a circular polarizer 1122, a filter 1123, an atomic gas chamber 1124, The second lens 1126 and the photodetector 1127. A radio frequency coil 1125 is wound around the atomic gas chamber 1124, and the first optical axis A and the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil 1125 are perpendicular to each other.

Please refer to FIGS. 4-5 , FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an atomic magnetometer probe when the application adopts the _MX scheme, and FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the first atomic gas chamber assembly when the application adopts the _MX scheme. The atomic magnetometer using the _MX scheme also includes a magnetic field direction sensor; the magnetic field direction sensor is used to measure the direction of the magnetic field to be measured.

When the _MX scheme is used to implement the atomic magnetometer, the angle between the first optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45° or 135° when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photodetector of the first atomic gas cell assembly 112 is 45° or 135°. When the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photodetector of the gas cell assembly 113 is the maximum, the angle between the second optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45° or 135°, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photodetector of the third atomic gas cell assembly 114 is the maximum The angle between the third optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45° or 135°.

In this embodiment, the light emitting direction of the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 can be limited by the mechanical structure in the directions pointed by the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis. The first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis The angle between the optical axes is between 45° and 55°. Preferably, the included angle between the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis is 50°.

Taking the structure of the first atomic gas chamber assembly 112 as an example, it can be seen from FIG. 5 that in the direction of the first optical axis A', it sequentially includes a first lens 1121', a circular polarizer 1122', a filter 1123', an atomic Air cell 1124', second lens 1126' and photodetector 1127'. A radio frequency coil 1125' is wound around the atomic gas chamber 124', and the first optical axis A' is parallel to the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil 1125'.

The atomic spectrum lamp assembly uses single-inductor excitation, dual-inductance excitation, or capacitive excitation. Please refer to FIGS. 6-7 . FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the dual-inductance excitation atomic spectroscopy lamp assembly of the present application, and FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the single-inductance excitation atomic spectroscopy lamp assembly of the present application.

In the scheme of the dual-inductance excitation atomic spectrum lamp assembly, the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111 may include one atomic spectrum lamp 1111 and two excitation inductors 1112 . In the scheme of the single-inductance excitation atomic spectrum lamp assembly, the atomic spectrum lamp assembly 111' may include an atomic spectrum lamp 1111' and an excitation inductor 1112'.

Optionally, the atomic spectrum lamp assembly of the _MZ scheme can use dual inductance excitation: the light-emitting direction of the atomic spectrum lamp 1111 is limited to the direction pointed by the first optical axis A, the second optical axis B and the third optical axis C; The atomic spectrum lamp assembly of the _MX scheme can be excited by a single inductance: the light emitting direction of the atomic spectrum lamp 1111 is defined in the direction pointed by the first optical axis A', the second optical axis B' and the third optical axis C'.

Based on the above-mentioned atomic magnetometer, the present application also proposes a magnetic field detection method. Please refer to FIG. 8 . FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application. In this embodiment, the magnetic field detection method may include step S110 ~S130, each step is as follows:

S110: The atomic spectrum lamp assembly generates at least three pump lights in different directions.

S120: The pump light in different directions is incident on different atomic gas cell components, the photodetector measures the pump light after exiting the atomic gas cell, and sends the optical signal of the pump light to the signal processing module, which exits the atomic gas cell The latter pump light carries the magnetic field information to be measured.

S130: The signal processing module performs signal processing, converts the received optical signal into a magnetic field signal, and finally outputs the magnetic field information to be measured.

Please refer to FIG. 9. FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application. In this embodiment, the magnetic field detection method may include steps S210-S230, and the specific steps are as follows:

S210: When the _MZ scheme is used to implement the atomic magnetometer, the signal processing module generates the same driving signal to drive the radio frequency coil in the atomic gas chamber assembly, wherein the frequency of the driving signal is near the Larmor frequency.

S220: Under the action of the driving signal, the pump light passing through the atomic gas cell carries the magnetic field information to be measured, and the pump light is detected by the photodetector and then input to the signal processing module.

S230: The signal processing module adds and amplifies the obtained optical signal, converts it into a magnetic field signal, and finally outputs the magnetic field information to be measured.

In this embodiment, the _MZ scheme is used to realize the atomic magnetometer without detection blind zone. The signal processing module can generate three identical driving signals, which are respectively passed through the first input and output interface circuit, the second input and output interface circuit and the third input and output interface. After the circuit, the first atomic gas chamber assembly, the second atomic gas chamber assembly and the third atomic gas chamber assembly are driven. The frequency of the driving signal is within the range of the magnetic resonance curve of the atomic gas cell (ie, the near Larmor frequency), and is controlled by the signal processing module.

Driven by the driving signal, the first atomic gas cell assembly, the second atomic gas cell assembly and the third atomic gas cell assembly are respectively connected by the first input-output interface circuit, the second input-output interface circuit and the third input-output interface circuit collected and sent to the signal processing module. After the signal processing module is calculated, the operation result is obtained, and the operation result can control the frequency of the driving signal so that it is always the Larmor frequency.

It should be noted that, the closer the frequency of the signal loaded on the radio frequency coil is to the Larmor frequency, the stronger the absorption of light by the atomic gas cell, and the absorption reaches the maximum value at the Larmor frequency. According to the calculation by the signal processing module, the frequency of the signal loaded on the radio frequency coil is always the Larmor frequency. And since the driving signal frequencies of the three atomic gas chamber components are the same, the collected three optical signals can be added, then amplified, and finally the magnetic field information can be obtained according to the frequency of the added optical signals.

Please refer to FIG. 10. FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application. In this embodiment, the magnetic field detection method may include steps S310-S320, and each step is as follows:

S310: When the _MX scheme is used to implement the atomic magnetometer, the signal processing module calculates the angle between the magnetic field to be measured and the light propagation direction of each atomic gas cell component according to the data obtained by the magnetic field direction sensor, and obtains the first result.

S320: Select an optimal included angle that complies with a preset rule from the first result, and use the magnetic field value measured by the atomic gas cell assembly corresponding to the optimal included angle as a final output value.

The signal processing module collects the signal of the magnetic field direction sensor through the fourth input and output interface circuit. Calculate the angle between the magnetic field to be measured and the light propagation direction of the moving first atomic gas cell assembly, the second atomic gas cell assembly and the third atomic gas cell assembly, and obtain the first result, wherein the first result includes the first optical axis and the The angle between the directions of the magnetic field to be measured, the angle between the second optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured, and the angle between the third optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured. The signal processing module selects the best angle that conforms to the preset rule from the angle values of the first result obtained by calculation, and uses the magnetic field value measured by the atomic gas cell assembly corresponding to the best angle as the final output value.

Among them, according to the working principle of the _MX scheme, the preset rule is: when the optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured are closer to 45°, the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal is higher. Therefore, the signal processing module can select an angle between the optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured that is closest to 45° in the first result as the best angle.

It should be noted that there are two specific implementation modes of the _MX scheme, one is called a tracking type, and the other is called a self-excited type. The tracking type needs to actively load the driving signal on the radio frequency coil, and the atomic gas chamber component will output a signal of the same frequency; when the signal frequency is closer to the Larmor frequency, the output signal amplitude is larger; when the signal frequency is the Larmor frequency, The signal amplitude reaches the maximum value. According to the calculation of the signal processing module, the signal loaded on the coil is always the Larmor signal.

The self-excited scheme does not need to actively load the drive signal on the RF coil. When the frequency of the signal on the radio frequency coil is the Larmor frequency, the phase difference between the output signal of the atomic gas chamber assembly and the signal on the coil is exactly 90°. Therefore, after the output signal of the atomic gas cell assembly is amplified and phase-shifted, it is applied to the radio frequency coil to form a positive feedback closed loop to form a self-excited oscillation, and the oscillation frequency is the Larmor frequency.

It should be noted that the optical axes of the three groups of atomic gas cell assemblies are not orthogonal, and the radio frequency coils in the three groups of atomic gas cell assemblies are fixed relative to their respective optical axes. Therefore, the directions of the three groups of radio frequency coils are determined by the corresponding atomic gas cell The optical axis directions of the components are not orthogonal but not orthogonal, and the non-orthogonal coils have crosstalk due to the mutual inductance effect. Based on this, in this embodiment, the magnetic field angle sensor is used to measure the magnetic field angle, and the signal processing module selects the atomic gas cell assembly within the optimal angle range to work, and the other two atomic gas cell assemblies do not work.

It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, but not to limit the present application. In addition, for the convenience of description, the drawings only show some but not all structures related to the present application. The step numbers used in the text are only for the convenience of description, and are not intended to limit the order in which the steps are performed. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The terms "first", "second", etc. in this application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally also includes unlisted steps or units, or optionally also includes For other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

Reference herein to an "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the patent of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the description and drawings of the present application, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technologies Fields are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims (10)

1. An atomic magnetometer probe, comprising:

an atomic spectrum lamp assembly for generating at least three pump lights in different directions;

the atomic gas chamber component comprises at least three atomic gas chamber components, wherein each atomic gas chamber component sequentially comprises a first lens, a circular polaroid, an optical filter, a radio frequency coil, an atomic gas chamber, a second lens and a photoelectric detector in the optical axis direction;

the pumping light in different directions respectively enters an atomic gas chamber component, and the photoelectric detector is used for measuring the pumping light after exiting the atomic gas chamber, wherein the pumping light after exiting the atomic gas chamber carries the information of the magnetic field to be measured.

2. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 1,

the atomic gas chamber assembly comprises a first atomic gas chamber assembly, a second atomic gas chamber assembly and a third atomic gas chamber assembly;

the light propagation direction of the first atomic gas chamber component is a first optical axis, the light propagation direction of the second atomic gas chamber component is a second optical axis, and the light propagation direction of the third atomic gas chamber component is a third optical axis.

3. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 2,

the included angles among the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis are 90 degrees.

4. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 3,

when using M _Z When the atomic magnetometer is realized by the scheme, when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the first atomic air chamber component is maximum, the included angle between the first optical axis and the magnetic field to be detected is 0 degree or 180 degrees, when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the second atomic air chamber component is maximum, the included angle between the second optical axis and the magnetic field to be detected is 0 degree or 180 degrees, and when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the third atomic air chamber component is maximum, the included angle between the third optical axis and the magnetic field to be detected is 0 degree or 180 degrees.

5. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 2,

an included angle between the first optical axis, the second optical axis, and the third optical axis is between 45 ° and 55 °.

6. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 5, further comprising a magnetic field direction sensor; the magnetic field direction sensor is used for measuring the direction of a magnetic field to be measured;

when using M _X When the scheme realizes an atomic magnetometer, the first optical axis and the magnet to be measured are positioned when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the first atomic air chamber component is maximumThe included angle of the field is 45 degrees or 135 degrees, the included angle between the second optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45 degrees or 135 degrees when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the second atomic gas chamber component is maximum, and the included angle between the third optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45 degrees or 135 degrees when the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal of the photoelectric detector of the third atomic gas chamber component is maximum.

7. The atomic magnetometer probe of claim 1,

the atomic spectrum lamp assembly employs single inductive excitation, dual inductive excitation, or capacitive excitation.

8. An atomic magnetometer, comprising: the atomic magnetometer probe and data processing unit of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the data processing unit comprises a high frequency excitation source and a signal processing module;

the high-frequency excitation source is used for generating a high-power high-frequency signal to excite the atomic spectrum lamp assembly to emit light, wherein the frequency of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1MHz, and the power of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1W;

the signal processing module is used for sending an instruction to drive the atomic gas chamber assembly and converting the optical signal into a magnetic field signal.

9. A magnetic field detection method characterized by performing magnetic field detection using the atomic magnetometer of claim 8, the magnetic field detection method comprising:

the atomic spectrum lamp assembly generates at least three beams of pump light in different directions;

pump light in different directions respectively enters different atomic gas chamber components, a photoelectric detector measures the pump light after the atomic gas chamber is emergent, and an optical signal of the pump light is sent to a signal processing module, wherein the pump light after the atomic gas chamber is emergent carries information of a magnetic field to be detected;

the signal processing module carries out signal processing, converts the received optical signal into a magnetic field signal and finally outputs the information of the magnetic field to be detected.

10. Method for detecting a magnetic field according to claim 9, characterized in that M is used _Z Scheme or M _X The scheme realizes an atomic magnetometer;

when using M _Z When the scheme is used for realizing the atomic magnetometer, the signal processing module generates the same driving signal to drive the radio frequency coil in the atomic gas chamber assembly, wherein the frequency of the driving signal is within the range of the magnetic resonance curve of the atomic gas chamber;

under the action of the driving signal, the pumping light passing through the atomic gas chamber carries magnetic field information to be detected, and the pumping light is detected by the photoelectric detector and then is input to the signal processing module;

the signal processing module adds and amplifies the obtained optical signals, converts the optical signals into magnetic field signals and finally outputs the information of the magnetic field to be detected;

when using M _X When the scheme is used for realizing the atomic magnetometer, the signal processing module respectively calculates included angles between a magnetic field to be measured and the light propagation direction of each atomic air chamber component according to data obtained by the magnetic field direction sensor to obtain a first result;

and selecting an optimal included angle which accords with a preset rule from the first result, and taking a magnetic field value measured by the atomic gas chamber component corresponding to the optimal included angle as a final output value.

Images