CN114965941A - Saline-alkali soil physical and chemical characteristic multi-scale intelligent sensing method and system - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil physical and chemical characteristic multi-scale intelligent sensing method and system Download PDFInfo
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil monitoring, and discloses a multi-scale intelligent sensing method and a system for the physical and chemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil, wherein a soil performance sensor is arranged, a wireless sensor network node and a plurality of soil performance sensor nodes for collecting soil environment parameters are gathered, and the plurality of soil performance sensor nodes are subjected to node election to determine a cluster head and are clustered; the method comprises the following steps that (1) collected soil environment parameters are transmitted to corresponding cluster heads by soil performance sensor nodes in a cluster; gathering the soil environment parameters collected by each cluster head through the wireless sensor network nodes, and wirelessly transmitting the soil environment parameters to the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module to realize soil information sensing; and constructing a soil physical and chemical characteristic database model. The sensing nodes are arranged in a plurality of areas needing to be monitored, synchronous data acquisition can be uniformly coordinated, and a single node can simultaneously acquire a plurality of environmental parameters; the invention is based on the artificial intelligent soil information sensing method, and the soil characteristic information is acquired in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil monitoring, and particularly relates to a multi-scale intelligent sensing method and system for physical and chemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil.
Background
At present, soil salinization can cause reduction of biodiversity and soil degradation, seriously threatens the ecological environment, and brings huge loss to production of agriculture and animal husbandry and the like. Soil salination is increasingly becoming an abiotic factor affecting plant growth, distribution and yield. Influences the sustainable development of land resources, so the method is widely concerned by society. Coastal saline soil is soaked by seawater, and the composition of salt is mainly sodium chloride, so that most coastal saline soil is in an unsown state due to low and flat terrain, unsmooth drainage and difficult soil desalination, and even if crops, pastures or greening plants are planted, the coastal saline soil is often stressed by salt to have poor growth and low and unstable yield. The coastal areas are the areas with the most frequent economic activities in China, the ecological construction of the coastal areas is enhanced, and the green investment environment is constructed, so that the coastal areas are more and more important. However, the high NaCl content and groundwater level in coastal areas become the most direct factors for limiting the survival and growth of plants. Therefore, the improvement of the saline soil is developed, the coastal saline-alkali soil can be reasonably and effectively developed and utilized, the development of agriculture and animal husbandry is promoted, the economic benefit, the social benefit and the ecological benefit of the saline-alkali soil are synchronously improved, and the method has important significance for realizing the production, life and ecological safety of the coastal saline-alkali soil.
The treatment and utilization of salinized land is a long-term and complex process, relates to various subjects, and carries out related research and treatment in all countries in the world. Australian scholars studied the impact of salination of land and the rational utilization and management of salination. American scholars do relevant research on the salt composition of a saline soil plough layer, a water and salt movement prediction theory and improvement of saline-alkali soil. Pakistan implements a remediation plan for controlling soil salinization. The countries such as Australia and Canada also invent precise salinization improvement technology. The research and treatment of salinized land in various countries in the world develops from the research on the landform and landform of the salinized land in the early 20 th century to the improvement of the ecological environment of the salinized land by focusing on water-salt balance management and using salinized plants.
The high salinity of the salinized soil reduces the water potential of the soil solution, so that the water potential of the solution in the soil is lower than that of the root system of the plant, the plant can not normally absorb water from the soil, and the loss of the water of the plant can be caused in serious conditions, so that the plant can die. The osmotic stress critical concentration for most plants is 40mmol/L NaCl. When the salinity in the soil is higher than 0.4 percent, plant cells can seep outwards and dehydrate, and plants grow slowly and die in severe cases.
The plants are affected by osmotic stress in a middle-short period of salinized land, and salt ions enter plant root system cells along with the passage of time to generate physiological toxicity to the plants and cause ionic stress. As the plants absorb a large amount of Na + ions from the soil of the salinized land, the absorption of other nutrient elements is influenced, and abnormal growth is caused. K due to excessive absorption of Na + and Cl-by plants + And Ca 2+ Absorption is reduced and the structural integrity and normal physiological and biochemical functions of the plant cells are destroyed. Na (Na) + /K + Is an important index for measuring the physiological response of plants in a salt environment. Research shows that when the concentration of external salt is increased, K + is transferred from roots to the surrounding medium or Na + Instead of, K + The decrease in (b) will result in a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis of the cell. At the same time, Na + Can also replace Ca on cell membrane 2+ The structural integrity and function of cell membranes are damaged, the metabolic balance is influenced, and the growth and development of plants are damaged. Yang Congress and the like treat liquorice through NaCl with different concentrations to cause the exosmosis of intracellular electrolyte, and the integrity of cytoplasmic membranes is damaged. In addition Na + The accumulation of the oxygen can also cause the generation of active oxygen in leaves, and physiological and biochemical activities are influenced, thus causing oxidative stress damage.
The structure and function of plant cells are damaged under the stress of salt, the normal metabolism of the cells is disordered, the normal metabolism, photosynthesis, plant protein synthesis and the like of the plants are seriously influenced, and the growth of the plants is inhibited. With the increase of the salt concentration, the plant height is reduced, the root length is shortened, the leaf area is reduced, and the related biomass is reduced.
The improvement and utilization means of salinized land are mainly divided into physical means, chemical means and biological means by integrating domestic and foreign research. Although the physical and chemical means for improving the salinized land has the characteristic of quick effect, the investment is large, the maintenance cost is high, and secondary salinization is easy to cause. The biological means is used for improving the salinized soil, can play a role in covering the soil, reduces water and soil loss, enhances the soil fertility and reduces the possibility of soil salt return. The biological means is an important method for improving salinization in coastal areas and inland irrigation areas in China. Salt stress is the stress of plants to Mg in high salt environment 2+ 、Na + 、Ca 2+ 、CO3 2- 、Cl - And SO4 2- The influence of soluble salts formed by plasma can not grow, blossom, bear fruit and the like normally. The salt stress of the salinized land to plants in China mainly comes from Na + And Cl - . Salt stress is an abiotic stress which affects the whole life cycle of plant growth, and causes ionic stress and osmotic stress to plants, destroys biological membranes, disturbs plant physiological metabolism, and affects plant photosynthetic performance, respiratory metabolism and substance metabolism.
A method for researching a saline-alkali soil improvement technology. According to published domestic journals, colleges, scientific research institutions and enterprises in university of Shandong professor, rock river university, China ocean university, North China Water conservancy and hydropower university and the like have studied the soil improvement technology on the permeable pavement structure. In the aspect of saline-alkali soil prediction of the university of water conservancy and hydropower in North China, a satellite remote sensing technology is used for detecting dynamic change of soil in the seventies of the 20 th century, and meanwhile, remote sensing images are processed by utilizing ENVI and ERDAS; in the aspect of improving the microorganisms in the saline-alkali soil, Dingshawu and the like, the microbial fertilizer is used as a novel fertilizer to provide a material technology support for improving the saline-alkali soil; the Liuyanyang and the like are used for improving the water conservancy of saline-alkali soil, and comprise irrigation salt leaching, drainage salt leaching, shaft drainage and irrigation, poor-quality water irrigation and a storage technology by changing drainage; from the 30 s of the 20 th century, the countries of the United states, Australia, India, Egypt and the like have developed researches and achieved good effects, such as researches on saline-alkali resistance of plants and cultivation of saline-alkali resistant plants, improvement of saline-alkali soil by using high polymer soil conditioners, drainage and salt reduction by using water conservancy projects and a series of improvement measures. American scholars add Attapulgite (ATP), Phosphogypsum (PG) and Weathered Coal (WC) to a Traditional Fertilizer (TF) to form a nano composite material SSRA, and develop a novel saline-alkali soil microbial remediation fertilizer SSRF. Scientists in australia extracted halotolerant bacteria from petroleum contaminated saline soils and studied the bacterial genome sequence to understand the mechanism of microbial hydrocarbon degradation in saline environments. The Egyptian scholars study salinized soil and microorganisms in extreme habitats, separate out new Alcaliphilus such as firmicutes and actinomycetes, develop bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and the like by using the microorganisms as a biofertilizer, improve the capacity of dissolving solid phosphate in the soil, and simultaneously propose to mix a plurality of microorganisms for use. In order to cultivate the flood-resistant, salt-tolerant and lodging-resistant capacities of rice, India carries out strain evolution through hybridization, and develops salt-tolerant strains and salt-tolerant varieties, such as T.892 and the like; glasswort, barrera, saltwort were also grown in india, these plants sequester sodium carbonate from alkaline earths and suggest that biodiversity could be exploited to restore soil fertility.
In summary, the technology for improving saline-alkali soil in China mainly comprises physical improvement, biological improvement, chemical improvement and engineering improvement, so that various technical measures are combined to use in the process of developing and utilizing the saline-alkali soil, and the principles of taking measures according to local conditions, comprehensive treatment and ecological priority are paid attention to.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-scale intelligent sensing method and system for the physicochemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil.
The invention is realized in this way, a multi-scale intelligent sensing method for physicochemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps:
arranging a soil performance sensor, converging a wireless sensor network node and a plurality of soil performance sensor nodes for collecting soil environment parameters, and determining cluster heads and clustering the plurality of soil performance sensor nodes through node election;
the method comprises the following steps that (1) collected soil environment parameters are transmitted to corresponding cluster heads by soil performance sensor nodes in a cluster;
gathering the soil environment parameters collected by each cluster head through the wireless sensor network nodes, and wirelessly transmitting the soil environment parameters to the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module to realize soil information sensing;
and constructing a soil physical and chemical characteristic database model.
Optionally, the information on the soil environment parameter of the soil includes: pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter component, inorganic matter component and harmful corrosive ions.
Optionally, the soil property sensor arrangement comprises:
arranging a plurality of soil performance sensors in a saline-alkali soil area needing improvement, acquiring measurement data of pH values, water contents, gas contents, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components and harmful erosive ion information of soil of the plurality of soil performance sensors at different moments, and sparsely representing the measurement data at any moment to acquire a sparse coefficient; dividing the saline-alkali soil area needing to be improved into grids with a plurality of same hexagonal structures or saline-alkali vegetation distribution, and arranging a soil performance sensor at each node of the grids;
acquiring signals of the soil performance sensor at a corresponding space position based on the sparse coefficient and the measurement matrix to obtain measurement signals; reconstructing the obtained measurement signal by adopting a compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm to obtain a transform domain sparse signal and obtain a measurement data estimation value;
and comparing the measured data at different moments with the corresponding measured data estimated values to obtain errors of the measured data, and determining the deployment number and the deployment position of the soil performance sensors based on the measured data estimated value with the minimum error.
Optionally, an identity matrix I e ones is randomly generated M×N Randomly selecting M row vectors from the identity matrixThe matrix formed by the M row vectors is the measurement matrix; wherein M is<<N; wherein, only one element in each row of the measurement matrix is 1, and at most one element in each column is 1;
optionally, the determining of the cluster head by the multiple soil performance sensor nodes through node election specifically includes:
the method comprises the following steps that a soil performance sensor acquires data of information such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components and harmful erosive ions of soil, traverses all node information in a soil performance sensor network and sends the node information to a soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module, the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module stores information of each node, and a virtual topological structure is established according to the node information;
in a wireless sensor network of the soil performance sensor, each node is coded in a decimal coding mode;
the node of the wireless sensor network sends an excitation value plaintext to the node of the soil property sensor, inputs the excitation value into a physical unclonable function structure to obtain a corresponding new excitation value, encrypts the excitation value by using the new excitation value as an encryption key to obtain a ciphertext, sends the ciphertext to the node of the wireless sensor network, and takes another corresponding pair of excitation corresponding to the excitation value as a decryption key to obtain a result which is compared with the excitation value;
after the comparison with the excitation value is successful, the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module receives the node information of all the soil performance sensors, calculates the data of all the soil performance sensors, compares the data with the data of each node, and is worth entering a candidate population if the data is larger than the average data;
and calculating a fitness function value of each node, and sequencing the fitness values from high to low to obtain a node with a high fitness value, wherein the node with the high fitness value enters the optimal node, namely the optimal node is the cluster head.
Optionally, after the cluster head is determined, the following steps are required:
after the cluster head node is selected, firstly broadcasting a message which becomes the cluster head, determining which cluster group the node of the soil performance sensor is added into according to the strength of the received message, informing the corresponding cluster head, and completing the establishment process of the cluster; the nodes of the cluster head adopt a time division multiple access technology mode to allocate time slots for transmitting data for members in the cluster. The nodes of the soil performance sensor transmit the acquired data to cluster head nodes, and the cluster head nodes perform data fusion on the acquired data and then transmit information to the nodes; each cluster adopts different modes to communicate to reduce the interference of nodes in other clusters; after the stable stage lasts for a period of time, the wireless sensor network enters the cluster establishing stage again to carry out the cluster reconstruction of the next round and continuously circulate.
Optionally, the wireless transmission of the soil environment parameter specifically includes:
starting the initialization of the wireless sensor network node and the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module so that the data of the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful aggressive ion information of the respective entering soil are in a state to be transmitted;
pairing identification is carried out through wireless signals transmitted by the wireless sensor network nodes, and whether the wireless sensor network nodes are paired with the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module or not is judged;
if the wireless sensor network node is matched with the soil information intelligent monitoring and preprocessing module, the soil information intelligent monitoring and preprocessing module enters a data receiving state of the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful erosive ion information of soil;
filtering the received data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful erosive ion of the soil, amplifying the filtered data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful erosive ion of the soil, and converting the amplified data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful erosive ion of the soil;
the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module receives digital signals transmitted by the wireless sensor network nodes;
and converting the received digital signals into data streams through a data conversion module of the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module, and storing the data streams in a soil physical and chemical characteristic database.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-scale intelligent sensing system for physical and chemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil, which implements the multi-scale intelligent sensing method for physical and chemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil, the multi-scale intelligent sensing system for physical and chemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil comprising:
the intelligent monitoring module is used for acquiring data of the PH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and harmful erosive ion information of the soil;
the intelligent soil information monitoring and preprocessing module is used for gathering the soil environment parameters collected by each cluster head by the wireless sensor network nodes;
the soil physical and chemical characteristic database is used for storing soil environment parameters;
the air-entrapping drip irrigation equipment is used for conveying air-entrapping water to a crop root area for irrigation, improves plant root systems and soil microbial respiration by regulating and controlling a soil gas environment, indirectly influences the physical and chemical properties of soil, and forms improvement on saline-alkali soil.
Further, the aerated drip irrigation device comprises: the device comprises a nano bubble generator, a water tank, a variable frequency water pump, a conveying pipeline, a switch, a pressure gauge and a drip irrigation tape;
the nanometer bubble generator is connected with the water tank through carrying the bag, and the water tank passes through pipeline and is connected with the switch, installs the frequency conversion water pump on the pipeline, and pipeline passes through the adapter with drip irrigation the band-pass and is connected.
Further, a switch pressure gauge is arranged between the conveying pipeline and the drip irrigation belt.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the sensing nodes are arranged in a plurality of areas needing to be monitored, synchronous data acquisition can be uniformly coordinated, and a single node can simultaneously acquire a plurality of environmental parameters; the soil characteristic information is acquired in real time based on the artificial intelligent soil information sensing method, the saline-alkali soil change is known, the soil information is analyzed through big data, a coupling treatment scheme is intelligently formulated, and the saline-alkali soil improvement is carried out; the method has the advantages of optimizing the saline-alkali soil improvement technology, reasonably utilizing saline-alkali soil, improving the land productivity, relieving the contradiction of less cultivated land and insufficient reserve land resources, and realizing agricultural sustainable development.
The soil saline-alkali soil improvement method based on the artificial intelligence is applied to the soil information sensing technology, soil characteristic information is obtained in real time, soil saline-alkali soil change is known, soil information is analyzed through big data, a coupling treatment scheme is intelligently formulated, and soil saline-alkali soil improvement is carried out.
According to the invention, through the arrangement of the soil performance sensors, the construction of a soil physical and chemical characteristic database model, the establishment of a degradation early warning threshold value and novel drip irrigation equipment can be realized, a good effect can be achieved on the treatment of saline and alkaline land, and the method has important significance for city construction and environmental protection. According to the method, the plurality of soil performance sensors are correspondingly arranged in the saline-alkali soil area needing to be improved, the measured data about the saline-alkali soil information obtained by the soil performance sensors is taken as a reference, the measured data estimation value approaching the measured data is finally obtained through sparse representation and reconstruction algorithm, the sensors are reasonably deployed, the actual using number of the sensors can be reduced on the basis of ensuring the accuracy of the saline-alkali soil information measurement, and the cost is effectively reduced; the method adopts the NSL0 reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct the information of the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component, the harmful aggressive ions and the like of the soil, processes the obtained transform domain sparse signal, and has the advantages of high convergence speed, high reconstruction efficiency and the like. In the process of reconstruction operation, the measurement matrix is optimized, so that the data in the obtained measurement data estimation value can better approach the measured data, and the rationality and the measurement accuracy of the number and the position arrangement of the soil performance sensors are improved.
When the cluster head nodes in the wireless sensor network are selected, firstly, the nodes of the soil performance sensor are divided into a plurality of clusters according to the designated cluster head number, then the optimal transmission path of the nodes of the soil performance sensor is calculated according to the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network, and finally the determined cluster head node information is issued to the whole wireless sensor network, so that the whole energy consumption of the network is minimum; the node of the wireless sensor network transmits the excitation value plaintext to the soil performance sensor node, encrypts the excitation value to obtain a ciphertext by using the new excitation value as an encryption key, transmits the ciphertext to the node of the wireless sensor network, obtains a result by using the other corresponding pair of the excitations corresponding to the excitation value as a decryption key, compares the result with the excitation value, facilitates the matching of the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module and the soil performance sensor, improves the privacy and the safety of data, and simultaneously provides guarantee for accurately acquiring the data of the information of the soil, such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component, the harmful erosive ions and the like.
According to the invention, the wireless sensor network nodes gather the soil environment parameters collected by each cluster head and wirelessly transmit the soil environment parameters to the soil information intelligent monitoring and preprocessing module through pairing identification, so that the accurate matching rate of equipment is improved, the safety of information data such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components and harmful erosive ions of the soil is ensured to a certain extent, meanwhile, the data gathering and analysis processing of the information such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components and harmful erosive ions of the soil is facilitated, and the guarantee is provided for the multi-scale perception of the physicochemical characteristics of the saline-alkali soil; the invention carries out filtering processing, amplifying processing and conversion processing on the received data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component, the harmful erosive ions and the like of the soil, ensures the quality of the data, reduces the error between the wirelessly transmitted data and the actual data, realizes high-precision wireless transmission, improves the experience of a wireless transmission circuit, and effectively improves the integral use performance of the product.
The intelligent monitoring module is arranged on the alkali discharging layer, so that the multi-place and multi-parameter monitoring function is realized; the sensing nodes are arranged in a plurality of areas needing to be monitored, synchronous data acquisition can be conducted in a unified and coordinated mode, a single node can simultaneously acquire a plurality of environmental parameters, and the system senses information such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components and harmful erosive ions of soil. The soil performance sensor is arranged, and the system senses information such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components, harmful erosive ions and the like of soil, so that the soil physicochemical performance can be sensed comprehensively, and a soil physicochemical characteristic database model is constructed. The invention adopts the air-entrapping device to connect an underground drip irrigation system and conveys air-entrapping water to a crop root area for irrigation; the plant root system and the soil microorganism respiration are improved by regulating the soil gas environment, the soil physical and chemical properties are indirectly influenced, and the improvement on the saline-alkali soil is formed.
The invention adopts the air-entrapping device to connect an underground drip irrigation system and conveys air-entrapping water to a crop root area for irrigation; the plant root system and the soil microorganism respiration are improved by regulating the soil gas environment, the soil physical and chemical properties are indirectly influenced, and the improvement on the saline-alkali soil is formed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-scale intelligent sensing method for physicochemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a soil property sensor arrangement provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of cluster head determination by node election by a plurality of soil property sensor nodes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a converged wireless sensor network node summarizing soil environment parameters collected by each cluster head and wirelessly transmitting the soil environment parameters to a soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-scale intelligent sensing system for physicochemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an air-entrapping drip irrigation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an intelligent monitoring module; 2. the soil information intelligent monitoring and preprocessing module; 3. a soil physicochemical characteristic database; 4. air-entrapping drip irrigation equipment; 5. a nanobubble generator; 6. a water tank; 7. a variable frequency water pump; 8. a delivery conduit; 9. a switch; 10. a pressure gauge; 11. a drip irrigation tape.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the multi-scale intelligent sensing method for physicochemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: arranging a soil performance sensor, converging a wireless sensor network node and a plurality of soil performance sensor nodes for collecting soil environment parameters, and determining cluster heads and clustering the plurality of soil performance sensor nodes through node election;
s102: the method comprises the following steps that (1) collected soil environment parameters are transmitted to corresponding cluster heads by soil performance sensor nodes in a cluster;
s103: gathering the soil environment parameters collected by each cluster head through the wireless sensor network nodes, and wirelessly transmitting the soil environment parameters to the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module to realize soil information sensing;
s104: and constructing a soil physical and chemical characteristic database model.
The sensing nodes are arranged in a plurality of areas needing to be monitored, synchronous data acquisition can be uniformly coordinated, and a single node can simultaneously acquire a plurality of environmental parameters; the soil characteristic information is acquired in real time based on the artificial intelligent soil information sensing method, the saline-alkali soil change is known, the soil information is analyzed through big data, a coupling treatment scheme is intelligently formulated, and the saline-alkali soil improvement is carried out; the method has the advantages of optimizing the saline-alkali soil improvement technology, reasonably utilizing saline-alkali soil, improving the land productivity, relieving the contradiction of less cultivated land and insufficient reserve land resources, and realizing agricultural sustainable development.
The soil saline-alkali soil improvement method based on the artificial intelligence is applied to the soil information sensing technology, soil characteristic information is obtained in real time, soil saline-alkali soil change is known, soil information is analyzed through big data, a coupling treatment scheme is intelligently formulated, and soil saline-alkali soil improvement is carried out.
Example 2:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the soil information provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter component, inorganic matter component, harmful corrosive ions and the like.
The invention realizes sensing of information such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components, harmful erosive ions and the like of soil, has comprehensive information, can truly reflect the condition of the soil, is convenient for accurately knowing soil characteristic information and soil saline-alkali change, provides accurate data parameters for soil saline-alkali improvement, and realizes omnibearing sensing of soil physicochemical property.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, the soil property sensor arrangement provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s301: arranging a plurality of soil performance sensors in a saline-alkali soil area needing improvement, acquiring measurement data of information such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components, harmful aggressive ions and the like of soil of the plurality of soil performance sensors at different moments, and carrying out sparse representation on the measurement data at any moment to acquire a sparse coefficient; dividing the saline-alkali soil area needing to be improved into grids with a plurality of same hexagonal structures or saline-alkali vegetation distribution, and arranging a soil performance sensor at each node of the grids;
s302: acquiring signals of the soil performance sensor at a corresponding space position based on the sparse coefficient and the measurement matrix to obtain measurement signals; reconstructing the obtained measurement signal by adopting an NSL0 reconstruction algorithm to obtain a transform domain sparse signal and obtain a measurement data estimation value; randomly generating an identity matrix I ∈ ones M xN, randomly selecting M row vectors in the unit matrix, wherein a matrix formed by the M row vectors is the measurement matrix; wherein, M<<N; wherein, only one element in each row of the measurement matrix is 1, and at most one element in each column is 1;
s303: and comparing the measured data at different moments with the corresponding measured data estimated values to obtain errors of the measured data, and determining the deployment number and the deployment position of the soil performance sensors based on the measured data estimated value with the minimum error.
According to the invention, through the arrangement of the soil performance sensors, the construction of a soil physical and chemical characteristic database model, the establishment of a degradation early warning threshold value and novel drip irrigation equipment can be realized, a good effect on the treatment of saline-alkali soil can be achieved, and the method has important significance on city construction and environmental protection. The method is characterized in that a plurality of soil performance sensors are correspondingly arranged in the saline-alkali soil area needing to be improved, the measured data about the saline-alkali soil information obtained by the soil performance sensors is taken as a reference, and a measured data estimation value approaching the measured data is finally obtained through sparse representation and reconstruction algorithm, so that the sensors are reasonably deployed, the actual using number of the sensors can be reduced on the basis of ensuring the measurement accuracy of the saline-alkali soil information, and the cost is effectively reduced; the method adopts a NSL0 reconstruction algorithm based on compressed sensing to reconstruct the information of the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component, the harmful aggressive ions and the like of the soil, processes the obtained transform domain sparse signal, and has the advantages of high convergence speed, high reconstruction efficiency and the like. In the process of reconstruction operation, the measurement matrix is optimized, so that the data in the obtained measurement data estimation value can better approach the measured data, and the rationality and the measurement accuracy of the number and the position arrangement of the soil performance sensors are improved.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 3, on the basis of embodiment 1, the determining of the cluster head by the multiple soil property sensor nodes through node election provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
s401: the method comprises the following steps that a soil performance sensor acquires data of information such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components and harmful erosive ions of soil, traverses all node information in a soil performance sensor network and sends the node information to a soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module, the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module stores information of all nodes, and a virtual topological structure is established according to the node information;
s402: in a wireless sensor network of the soil performance sensor, each node is coded in a decimal coding mode;
s403: the node of the wireless sensor network transmits an excitation value plaintext to the soil performance sensor node, inputs the excitation value into a physical unclonable function structure to obtain a corresponding new excitation value, encrypts the excitation value to obtain a ciphertext by using the new excitation value as an encryption key, transmits the ciphertext to the node of the wireless sensor network, and uses another corresponding pair of excitations corresponding to the excitation value as a decryption key to obtain a result which is compared with the excitation value;
s404: after the comparison with the excitation value is successful, the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module receives the node information of all the soil performance sensors, calculates the data of all the soil performance sensors, compares the data with the data of each node, and is worth entering a candidate population if the data is larger than the average data;
s405: calculating a fitness function value of each node, and sequencing the fitness values from high to low to obtain nodes with high fitness values, and entering S406;
s406: and taking the node with the high fitness value as the optimal node, namely the cluster head.
When the cluster head nodes in the wireless sensor network are selected, firstly, the nodes of the soil performance sensor are divided into a plurality of clusters according to the designated cluster head number, then the optimal transmission path of the nodes of the soil performance sensor is calculated according to the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network, and finally the determined cluster head node information is issued to the whole wireless sensor network, so that the whole energy consumption of the network is minimum; the node of the wireless sensor network transmits the excitation value plaintext to the soil performance sensor node, encrypts the excitation value to obtain a ciphertext by using the new excitation value as an encryption key, transmits the ciphertext to the node of the wireless sensor network, obtains a result by using the other corresponding pair of the excitations corresponding to the excitation value as a decryption key, compares the result with the excitation value, facilitates the matching of the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module and the soil performance sensor, improves the privacy and the safety of data, and simultaneously provides guarantee for accurately acquiring the data of the information of the soil, such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component, the harmful erosive ions and the like.
Example 5:
on the basis of the embodiment 4, the cluster head provided by the embodiment of the present invention needs to be determined, and then:
after the cluster head node is selected, firstly broadcasting a message which becomes the cluster head, determining which cluster group the node of the soil property sensor is added into according to the strength of the received message, informing the corresponding cluster head, and completing the establishment process of the cluster; the nodes of the cluster head adopt a time division multiple access technology mode to allocate time slots for transmitting data for members in the cluster. The nodes of the soil performance sensor transmit the acquired data to cluster head nodes, and the cluster head nodes perform data fusion on the acquired data and then transmit information to the nodes; each cluster adopts different modes to communicate to reduce the interference of nodes in other clusters; after the stable stage lasts for a period of time, the wireless sensor network enters the cluster establishing stage again to carry out the cluster reconstruction of the next round and continuously circulate.
The method is provided with a plurality of soil performance sensors, and collects the wireless sensor network nodes and a plurality of soil performance sensor nodes for collecting soil environment parameters, the plurality of soil performance sensor nodes determine and cluster the cluster heads through node election, the cluster group is established after the cluster heads are determined, and the cluster is formed, so that the wireless sensor network nodes and the plurality of collected soil environment parameters can be collected quickly, the soil environment parameters can be obtained more accurately, and important data reference is provided for the improvement of the saline-alkali soil in the next step.
Example 6:
as shown in fig. 4, on the basis of embodiment 1, the aggregating wireless sensor network node provided in the embodiment of the present invention collects soil environment parameters collected by each cluster head and wirelessly sends the collected soil environment parameters to the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module specifically includes:
s501: starting the initialization of the wireless sensor network node and the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module so that the data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful aggressive ions entering the soil respectively wait for transmission;
s502: pairing identification is carried out through wireless signals transmitted by the wireless sensor network nodes, and whether the wireless sensor network nodes are paired with the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module or not is judged;
s503: if the wireless sensor network node is matched with the soil information intelligent monitoring and preprocessing module, the soil information intelligent monitoring and preprocessing module enters a data receiving state of information such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components, harmful erosive ions and the like of soil;
s504: filtering the received data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful erosive ions of the soil, amplifying the filtered data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful erosive ions of the soil, and converting the amplified data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful erosive ions of the soil;
s505: the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module receives digital signals transmitted by the wireless sensor network nodes;
s506: and converting the received digital signals into data streams through a data conversion module of the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module, and storing the data streams in a soil physical and chemical characteristic database.
The method gathers the soil environment parameters collected by each cluster head by the wireless sensor network nodes, and the soil environment parameters are wirelessly transmitted to the soil information intelligent monitoring and preprocessing module to be identified through pairing, so that the accurate matching rate of equipment is improved, the safety of information data such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component, harmful erosive ions and the like of the soil is ensured to a certain extent, meanwhile, the data gathering and analysis processing of the information data such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component, the harmful erosive ions and the like of the soil are facilitated, and the guarantee is provided for the multi-scale perception of the physicochemical characteristics of the saline-alkali soil; the invention carries out filtering processing, amplifying processing and conversion processing on the received data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component, the harmful erosive ions and the like of the soil, ensures the quality of the data, reduces the error between the wirelessly transmitted data and the actual data, realizes high-precision wireless transmission, improves the experience of a wireless transmission circuit, and effectively improves the integral use performance of the product.
Example 7:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the error record positioning for constructing the soil physicochemical characteristic database model provided by the embodiment of the invention can be verified and detected by adopting a vector commitment tree, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) key generation vct. keygen (1) k Q, Q): input security parameter k, size Q of each commitment unit and size Q of the whole message Q (Q ═ poly (k)), key generation algorithm vct k Q, Q) outputs the height n of the common parameter set PP and the vector commitment tree, from the root to the deepest non-leaf node; message space is marked as
Committed space notation
(2) Com calculation of commitment vct PP (m 1 ,…,m Q F): inputting a sequence of Q messages
And a mapping function f:
com, according to a common parameter PP, a commitment algorithm vct PP (m 1 ,…,m Q F) outputting additional information aux and a commitment set C, wherein each value in C is a vector commitment made to a commitment unit containing a message or commitment;
(3) open promise vct PP (m, i, aux, AC, f): inputting a message m with index i in a database, additional information aux, and access control parameter AC ═ mu, ν ∈ Z n ×Z q×ν And a mapping function f:
open algorithm vct. open only when AC satisfies access control rules PP (m, i, aux, AC, f) is output the evidence set
m is the ith of all Q committed messages; the opening algorithm is run by the original commitment or other legal users;
(4) verification promise VCT PP (C,m,i,Λ i AC): inputting a commitment set C, a message m with index i and an evidence set Lambda i And access control parameter AC, verification function VCT PP (C,m,i,Λ i AC) output
Or (#, Ω); output of
Meaning that the AC does not satisfy the access control policy; otherwise, only ifΛ i Is a valid evidence that C is a pair sequence (m) 1 ,…,m Q ) Formed, wherein m ═ m i Then the verification function is output
Otherwise, outputting (T, omega), wherein omega is the range of the error record;
(5) update promise VCT PP (C,m,i,Λ i AC): input commitment set C, original message m at ith position i And new message m' i And a mapping function f:
update algorithm vct PP (C,m i ,m′ i I, f) outputting a new commitment set C' and an update information set U; the commitment updating algorithm generates C and plans to update the ith message m i Updated to m' i Run by the original commitment device;
(6) proof of update vct PP (C,Λ j ,m′ i I, U): input commitment set C, evidence set Lambda i New message m 'to replace ith record in outsource database' i Update information U and mapping function f:
evidence update algorithm vct PP (C,Λ j ,m′ i I, U, f) output a new set of evidence Λ' j (ii) a The evidence update algorithm consists of any evidence set Λ that holds the jth message in the corresponding C j Is run, calculates a set of evidence Λ 'valid for the new commitment set C' j 。
The invention adopts vector promise tree to realize the control of the total quantity of key parameters; in addition, in the vector commitment tree, different units can correspond to different access permissions, elements in different units are relatively independent, and can be processed respectively and simultaneously, so that distributed verification and layered verification become possible. The database hierarchical verification method allows a data user to verify a part of an outsourced database according to the user authority; in addition, if one record is tampered, the database hierarchical verification method can also give the position range of the error record index. The invention improves the working efficiency of the soil physical and chemical characteristic database model, thereby ensuring the safety of data storage.
Example 8:
as shown in fig. 5, on the basis of embodiment 1, the multi-scale intelligent sensing system for physicochemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: the system comprises an intelligent monitoring module 1, a soil information intelligent monitoring pretreatment module 2, a soil physical and chemical characteristic database 3 and an aerated drip irrigation device 4.
The intelligent monitoring module 1 is used for collecting data of information such as PH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components, harmful erosive ions and the like of soil;
the soil information intelligent monitoring and preprocessing module 2 is used for gathering the soil environment parameters collected by each cluster head by the wireless sensor network nodes;
a soil physical and chemical property database 3 for storing soil environment parameters;
and the air-entrapping drip irrigation equipment 4 is used for conveying air-entrapping water to a crop root area for irrigation, improving the plant root system and the soil microbial respiration by regulating the soil gas environment, indirectly influencing the soil physicochemical property and forming the improvement of the saline-alkali soil.
The intelligent monitoring module is arranged on the alkali discharging layer, so that the multi-place and multi-parameter monitoring function is realized; the sensing nodes are arranged in a plurality of areas needing to be monitored, synchronous data acquisition can be conducted in a unified and coordinated mode, a single node can simultaneously acquire a plurality of environmental parameters, and the system senses information such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components and harmful erosive ions of soil. The soil performance sensor is arranged, and the system senses information such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components, harmful erosive ions and the like of soil, so that the soil physicochemical performance can be sensed comprehensively, and a soil physicochemical characteristic database model is constructed. The invention adopts the air-entrapping device to connect an underground drip irrigation system and conveys air-entrapping water to a crop root area for irrigation; the plant root system and the soil microorganism respiration are improved by regulating the soil gas environment, the soil physical and chemical properties are indirectly influenced, and the improvement on the saline-alkali soil is formed.
Example 9:
as shown in fig. 6, the air-entrapping drip irrigation apparatus 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a nano bubble generator 5, a water tank 6, a variable frequency water pump 7, a conveying pipeline 8, a switch 9, a pressure gauge 10 and a drip irrigation tape 11.
When the device is used, the nano-bubble generator 5 is started to generate bubbles, the bubbles enter the water tank 6 to generate bubble-doped water, then the variable frequency water pump 7 is started, the bubble-doped water in the water tank 6 is extracted by the variable frequency water pump 7, the switch 9 is opened, the bubble-doped water enters the drip irrigation zone 11 and is conveyed to the root zone of crops for irrigation; the pressure gauge 10 monitors the pressure of the water in real time, and can adjust the variable frequency water pump 7 in real time according to the real-time condition so as to control the pressure of the water.
The invention adopts the air-entrapping device to connect an underground drip irrigation system and conveys air-entrapping water to a crop root area for irrigation; the plant root system and the soil microorganism respiration are improved by regulating the soil gas environment, the soil physical and chemical properties are indirectly influenced, and the improvement on the saline-alkali soil is formed.
Soil salination has become a global problem. Under the conditions that the population is increased year by year and the cultivated land is reduced year by year, the development and utilization of the saline-alkali soil have great strategic significance. China has more and less land, a large amount of cultivated land is occupied by urbanization and industrialization processes, and the red line of 18 hundred million acres of cultivated land is more and more difficult to live due to salinization of a large amount of cultivated land caused by improper irrigation. On the other hand, about 15 hundred million mu of saline-alkali soil in China is in a barren state by 80 percent. Therefore, the development and utilization of saline-alkali soil have great significance for national economic development and food and energy safety. Will be based on current sprinkler irrigation system according to the saline and alkaline land condition of the scene of campingA drip irrigation equipment that is used for the actual saline and alkaline land condition of Dongying. The Shandong Yingyin city is mainly salinized by seashore, and the salinized land area is about 44.29 ten thousand hm 2 Accounting for more than 50 percent of the total area of the city, wherein the heavy salinized soil and the saline-alkali light plate land account for 23.63 ten thousand hm 2 And accounts for about 28.4 percent of the total land area in the city. The treatment of saline-alkali soil is the key of the treatment of east-camp cities. The invention provides a novel alkali-removing layer structure and an intelligent drip irrigation device, which realize real-time sensing of physical and chemical properties of soil, obtain an early warning system of a soil salt-alkali value, automatically control a dropper device and aerate the soil. The invention forms a complete set of technical scheme and equipment of monitoring, analyzing, early warning and multi-scale regulation and control of saline-alkali soil, and forms a self technical system for treating the saline-alkali soil.
The method can be widely applied to urban construction, an effective saline-alkali soil treatment scheme is found, and an integrated and intelligent technology of sensing, analysis and regulation treatment of saline-alkali soil is realized; the soil characteristic information is acquired in real time by applying a soil information sensing technology based on artificial intelligence, the saline-alkali change of soil is known, the soil information is analyzed through big data, a coupling treatment scheme is intelligently formulated, the saline-alkali improvement of the soil is carried out, the soil gas environment is regulated, the plant root system and the soil microbial respiration are improved, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be indirectly influenced, the survival condition suitable for plant growth is created, the sustainable development of agriculture is realized, and the technical support is provided for the road bridge in the saline-alkali soil treatment in the future. Meanwhile, technical support is provided for improvement of saline-alkali soil in the future.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or specially designed hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such code being provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD-or DVD-ROM, programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier, for example. The apparatus and its modules of the present invention may be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., or by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of hardware circuits and software, e.g., firmware.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-scale intelligent sensing method for physicochemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging a soil performance sensor, converging a wireless sensor network node and a plurality of soil performance sensor nodes for collecting soil environment parameters, and determining cluster heads and clustering the plurality of soil performance sensor nodes through node election;
the method comprises the following steps that (1) collected soil environment parameters are transmitted to corresponding cluster heads by soil performance sensor nodes in clusters;
gathering the soil environment parameters collected by each cluster head through the wireless sensor network nodes, and wirelessly transmitting the soil environment parameters to the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module to realize soil information sensing;
and constructing a soil physical and chemical characteristic database model.
2. The method for multi-scale intelligent sensing of physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein said information on soil environmental parameters of the soil comprises: pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter component, inorganic matter component and harmful corrosive ions.
3. The method for multi-scale intelligent sensing of physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil as set forth in claim 1, wherein said disposing of soil property sensors comprises:
arranging a plurality of soil performance sensors in a saline-alkali soil area needing improvement, acquiring measurement data of pH values, water contents, gas contents, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components and harmful erosive ion information of soil of the plurality of soil performance sensors at different moments, and sparsely representing the measurement data at any moment to acquire a sparse coefficient; dividing the saline-alkali soil area needing to be improved into grids with a plurality of same hexagonal structures or saline-alkali vegetation distribution, and arranging a soil performance sensor at each node of the grids;
acquiring signals of the soil performance sensor at a corresponding space position based on the sparse coefficient and the measurement matrix to obtain measurement signals; reconstructing the obtained measurement signal by adopting a compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm to obtain a transform domain sparse signal and obtain a measurement data estimation value;
and comparing the measured data at different moments with the corresponding measured data estimated values to obtain errors of the measured data, and determining the deployment number and the deployment position of the soil performance sensors based on the measured data estimated value with the minimum error.
4. The method for multi-scale intelligent sensing of physicochemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 3, wherein an identity matrix I e ones is randomly generated M×N Randomly selecting M row vectors from the unit matrix, wherein a matrix formed by the M row vectors is the measurement matrix; wherein M is<<N; wherein, the measuring matrix has only one element of 1 in each row and at most one element of 1 in each column.
5. The method for multi-scale intelligent sensing of physicochemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein said plurality of soil property sensor nodes determine the cluster head through node election, specifically comprising:
the method comprises the following steps that a soil performance sensor acquires data of information such as pH value, water content, gas content, porosity, organic matter components, inorganic matter components and harmful erosive ions of soil, traverses all node information in a soil performance sensor network and sends the node information to a soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module, the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module stores information of each node, and a virtual topological structure is established according to the node information;
in a wireless sensor network of the soil performance sensor, each node is coded in a decimal coding mode;
the node of the wireless sensor network transmits an excitation value plaintext to the soil performance sensor node, inputs the excitation value into a physical unclonable function structure to obtain a corresponding new excitation value, encrypts the excitation value to obtain a ciphertext by using the new excitation value as an encryption key, transmits the ciphertext to the node of the wireless sensor network, and uses another corresponding pair of excitations corresponding to the excitation value as a decryption key to obtain a result which is compared with the excitation value;
after the comparison with the excitation value is successful, the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module receives the node information of all the soil performance sensors, calculates the data of all the soil performance sensors, compares the data with the data of each node, and is worth entering a candidate population if the data is larger than the average data;
and calculating a fitness function value of each node, and sequencing the fitness values from high to low to obtain a node with a high fitness value, wherein the node with the high fitness value enters the optimal node, namely the optimal node is the cluster head.
6. The method for multi-scale intelligent sensing of physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 5, wherein after the cluster head is determined:
after the cluster head node is selected, firstly broadcasting a message which becomes the cluster head, determining which cluster group the node of the soil performance sensor is added into according to the strength of the received message, informing the corresponding cluster head, and completing the establishment process of the cluster; the nodes of the cluster head adopt a time division multiple access technology mode to allocate time slots for transmitting data for members in the cluster. The nodes of the soil performance sensor transmit the acquired data to cluster head nodes, and the cluster head nodes perform data fusion on the acquired data and then transmit information to the nodes; each cluster adopts different modes to communicate to reduce the interference of nodes in other clusters; after the stable stage lasts for a period of time, the wireless sensor network enters the cluster establishing stage again to carry out the cluster reconstruction of the next round and continuously circulate.
7. The method for multi-scale intelligent sensing of physicochemical characteristics of saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein said wireless transmission of soil environment parameters specifically comprises:
starting the initialization of the wireless sensor network node and the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module so that the data of the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful aggressive ion information of the respective entering soil are in a state to be transmitted;
pairing identification is carried out through wireless signals transmitted by the wireless sensor network nodes, and whether the wireless sensor network nodes are paired with the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module or not is judged;
if the wireless sensor network node is matched with the soil information intelligent monitoring and preprocessing module, the soil information intelligent monitoring and preprocessing module enters a data receiving state of the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful erosive ion information of soil;
filtering the received data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful erosive ion of the soil, amplifying the filtered data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful erosive ion of the soil, and converting the amplified data of the information such as the pH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and the harmful erosive ion of the soil;
the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module receives digital signals transmitted by the wireless sensor network nodes;
and converting the received digital signals into data streams through a data conversion module of the soil information intelligent monitoring preprocessing module, and storing the data streams in a soil physical and chemical characteristic database.
8. A saline-alkali soil physicochemical characteristic multi-scale intelligent sensing system for implementing the saline-alkali soil physicochemical characteristic multi-scale intelligent sensing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the saline-alkali soil physicochemical characteristic multi-scale intelligent sensing system comprises:
the intelligent monitoring module is used for acquiring data of the PH value, the water content, the gas content, the porosity, the organic matter component, the inorganic matter component and harmful erosive ion information of the soil;
the intelligent soil information monitoring and preprocessing module is used for gathering the soil environment parameters collected by each cluster head by the wireless sensor network nodes;
the soil physical and chemical characteristic database is used for storing soil environment parameters;
the air-entrapping drip irrigation equipment is used for conveying air-entrapping water to a crop root area for irrigation, improving the plant root system and the soil microbial respiration by regulating the soil gas environment, indirectly influencing the soil physicochemical property and forming the improvement of the saline-alkali soil.
9. The saline-alkali soil physicochemical property multi-scale intelligent sensing system according to claim 8, wherein the air-entrapping drip irrigation device comprises: the device comprises a nano bubble generator, a water tank, a variable frequency water pump, a conveying pipeline, a switch, a pressure gauge and a drip irrigation tape;
the nanometer bubble generator is connected with the water tank through carrying the bag, and the water tank passes through pipeline to be connected with the switch, installs the frequency conversion water pump on the pipeline, and pipeline passes through the adapter with drip irrigation the band-pass and is connected.
10. The saltwater soil physicochemical characteristic multi-scale intelligent sensing system of claim 9, wherein a switch and pressure gauge is installed between the delivery pipe and the drip irrigation tape.
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