CN114965206B - Comprehensive testing system and method for anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock-soil body - Google Patents

Comprehensive testing system and method for anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock-soil body Download PDF

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CN114965206B
CN114965206B CN202210391206.6A CN202210391206A CN114965206B CN 114965206 B CN114965206 B CN 114965206B CN 202210391206 A CN202210391206 A CN 202210391206A CN 114965206 B CN114965206 B CN 114965206B
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water
rock
soil body
box
permeability coefficient
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CN114965206A (en
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尉军耀
周恒�
陆希
狄圣杰
刘静
张莹
黄鹏
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PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corp Ltd
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PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corp Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

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  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive testing system and method for anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock and soil mass, belongs to the technical field of civil experiment, and can solve the problem that the existing permeability coefficient testing device can only carry out vertical or horizontal unidirectional permeability coefficient testing. The water inlet assembly of the test system is used for supplying water to the water storage box; the sample box is positioned in the water storage box and used for accommodating a rock-soil body to be detected; the sample box is a box body with a cover, each surface of the sample box comprises a fixed plate and a movable plate, a through hole is formed in the fixed plate, and the movable plate is connected with the fixed plate in a sliding mode so as to control the opening or closing of the through hole; a pair of adjacent surfaces or a group of three surfaces which are adjacent in pairs in the sample box are water inlet surfaces, and the rest surfaces are water outlet surfaces; the water permeable piece covers the water outlet surface of the sample box and is used for accommodating water permeating from the water outlet surface; the water outlet assembly is connected with the water permeable piece and is used for discharging water in the water permeable piece; the test component is connected with the rock-soil body to be tested and used for testing the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested.

Description

Comprehensive testing system and method for anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock-soil body
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive test system and method for anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock and soil mass, belonging to the technical field of civil test.
Background
The permeability coefficient is used as an important physical and mechanical index of soil, and the test accuracy relates to engineering safety and normal use. Therefore, in order to avoid engineering accidents, permeability coefficient tests are often performed on soil samples.
At present, most of permeability coefficient tests are unidirectional tests, only vertical permeability coefficients or only horizontal permeability coefficients are tested, if the vertical permeability coefficients or the horizontal permeability coefficients are required to be obtained, the tests need to be carried out twice, the time consumption is long, and two soil samples are required, so that the accuracy of test results is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a comprehensive testing system and method for anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock and soil mass, which can solve the problem that the existing permeability coefficient testing device can only test vertical or horizontal one-way permeability coefficient.
The invention provides a comprehensive test system for anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock-soil mass, which comprises a water inlet component, a water storage box without a cover, a sample box, a permeable piece, a water outlet component and a test component, wherein the water storage box is provided with a water inlet hole;
the water inlet assembly is used for supplying water to the water storage box;
the sample box is positioned in the water storage box and used for accommodating a rock-soil body to be detected; the sample box is a box body with a cover, each surface of the sample box comprises a fixed plate and a movable plate, a through hole is formed in the fixed plate, and the movable plate is connected with the fixed plate in a sliding mode so as to control the through hole to be opened or closed;
a pair of adjacent surfaces or a group of three surfaces which are adjacent in pairs in the sample box are water inlet surfaces, and the rest surfaces are water outlet surfaces; the water permeable piece covers the water outlet surface of the sample box and is used for accommodating water permeating from the water outlet surface;
the water outlet assembly is connected with the water permeable piece and is used for discharging water in the water permeable piece;
the testing component is connected with the rock-soil body to be tested and is used for testing the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested.
Preferably, the sample box is arranged close to one bottom corner or two adjacent bottom corners of the water storage box;
the permeable piece covers the surface of the sample box close to the water storage box.
Preferably, the permeable part comprises a box body and a permeable stone, one side of the box body, which is close to the sample box, is provided with a permeable hole, and the permeable stone is laid in the box body.
Preferably, the water inlet assembly comprises a water supply part, a water inlet pipe and a first flowmeter;
one end of the water inlet pipe is communicated with the water supply part, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is communicated with the water storage box; the water supply part supplies water to the water storage box through the water inlet pipe; the first flowmeter is arranged on the water inlet pipe and used for measuring the inflow of the water inlet pipe;
the water outlet assembly comprises a water outlet pipe, a second flow meter and a water storage piece;
one end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the water permeable box, and the other end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the water storage piece; the water in the water permeable piece is discharged into the water storage piece through the water outlet pipe; the second flowmeter is arranged on the water outlet pipe and used for measuring the water outlet flow in the water outlet pipe.
Preferably, the test assembly comprises a first pressure measuring unit, a second pressure measuring unit and a calculating unit;
the first pressure measuring unit comprises a first pressure measuring pipe, a first measuring cup and a first connecting pipe;
the first pressure measuring pipe is arranged in the rock-soil body to be measured and is close to the water inlet surface; the first piezometric tube is communicated with the first measuring cup through the first connecting tube; the first pressure measuring unit is used for measuring the initial water head difference of water passing through the rock-soil body to be measured;
the second pressure measuring unit comprises a second pressure measuring pipe, a second measuring cup and a second connecting pipe;
the second pressure measuring pipe is arranged in the rock-soil body to be measured and is close to the water outlet surface; the second pressure measuring pipe is communicated with the second measuring cup through the second connecting pipe; the second pressure measuring unit is used for measuring the final water head difference of water passing through the rock-soil body to be measured;
and the calculation unit is used for calculating the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be detected according to the initial water head difference and the final water head difference.
Preferably, the fixed plate is a double-sided structure with a groove in the middle, and the movable plate is inserted into the groove in the middle of the fixed plate.
Preferably, a clamping groove is formed in the side wall of the water storage box;
the movable plate slides out of the end part of the fixed plate and can be clamped in the clamping groove.
The invention also provides a testing method for testing the anisotropic permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body by using the testing system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a rock-soil body to be detected into the sample box;
s2, extracting the movable plate on the corresponding surface of the sample box according to the type of the permeability coefficient to be measured;
s3, controlling the water inlet assembly to supply water into the water storage box;
and S4, testing the permeability coefficient of the rock and soil mass to be tested through the testing assembly.
Preferably, when the same rock-soil mass to be tested is tested for one type of permeability coefficient, and then other types of permeability coefficients are required to be tested, the testing method further comprises the following steps:
emptying water in the water storage box, the water permeable piece, the first measuring cup and the second measuring cup;
inserting the movable plate back to control all the through holes to be closed, and then executing S2.
Preferably, before S4, the method further includes:
measuring the water inlet flow of the water storage box by using the water inlet assembly; measuring the water outlet flow of the water permeable piece by using the water outlet assembly;
measuring an initial water head difference of water passing through the rock-soil body to be measured and a final water head difference of water passing through the rock-soil body to be measured by using the test assembly;
the S4 specifically comprises the following steps:
and when the inflow water flow is equal to the outflow water flow, testing the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested through the inflow water flow, the initial water head difference and the final water head difference.
The invention can produce beneficial effects that:
the test system can test the unidirectional horizontal permeability coefficient and vertical permeability coefficient of the rock-soil mass to be tested, can test the comprehensive permeability coefficient of the rock-soil mass to be tested, overcomes the defect that the conventional test device cannot test the comprehensive permeability coefficient of the rock-soil mass to be tested, and provides more real reference value for determining the soil mass permeation process;
the test system can also test the horizontal permeability coefficient, the vertical permeability coefficient and the comprehensive permeability coefficient of the same rock-soil body to be tested in one test, overcomes the defect that the existing test device needs a plurality of rock-soil bodies to be tested when measuring the permeability coefficients in different directions, and enables the test result to be more accurate;
the sample box and the water storage box of the test system are arranged in a split mode, so that the sample box can be carried to sample at a sampling point, secondary disturbance of a rock and soil mass to be tested in the sampling process is reduced, and the test result is more accurate;
the test system has the advantages of flexible size, simple structure, low manufacturing cost, simple operation and accurate test result, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a comprehensive testing system for anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock and soil mass according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a comprehensive testing system for anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock and soil mass according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of a comprehensive testing system for anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock and soil mass according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of each panel of the sample case in FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
List of parts and reference numerals:
1. a water storage box; 11. a bottom side plate; 12. a left side plate; 13. a right side plate; 14. a front side plate; 15. a rear side plate; 2. a sample cartridge; 21. a fixing plate; 22. a movable plate; 23. a bottom panel; 24. a top panel; 25. a left panel; 26. a right panel; 27. a front panel; 28. a rear panel; 3. a water permeable member; 31. a water-retaining partition plate; 4. a water inlet assembly; 41. a water inlet pipe; 42. a first flow meter; 5. a water outlet assembly; 51. a water outlet pipe; 52. a second flow meter; 6. testing the component; 61. a first pressure measuring pipe; 62. a first measuring cup; 63. a first connecting pipe; 64. a second pressure measuring pipe; 65. a second measuring cup; 66. a second connection pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a comprehensive testing system for anisotropic permeability coefficient of a rock-soil mass, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the testing system includes a water inlet assembly 4, a water storage box 1 without a cover, a sample box 2, a permeable member 3, a water outlet assembly 5, and a testing assembly 6.
The water inlet component 4 is used for supplying water to the water storage box 1 and measuring the inflow.
Specifically, the water inlet assembly 4 includes a water supply member, a water inlet pipe 41, and a first flow meter 42.
One end of the water inlet pipe 41 is communicated with the water supply part, and the other end is communicated with the water storage box 1; the water supply part supplies water to the water storage box 1 through a water inlet pipe 41; a first flow meter 42 is arranged on the inlet pipe 41 for measuring the flow of inlet water in the inlet pipe 41. The water supply may be a water tank, a reservoir, or the like.
The sample box 2 is positioned in the water storage box 1 and used for containing the rock-soil mass to be detected. Specifically, the sample box 2 may be placed on the bottom surface of the water storage box 1, or may be suspended in the water storage box 1.
The sample box 2 is a box body with a cover, each surface of the sample box 2 comprises a fixed plate 21 and a movable plate 22, a through hole is formed on the fixed plate 21, and the movable plate 22 is slidably connected with the fixed plate 21 to control the opening or closing of the through hole.
Specifically, the fixing plate 21 may have a double-sided structure with a groove in the middle, and the movable plate 22 is inserted into the groove in the middle of the fixing plate. The fixed plate 21 may also be a single-layer structure, and the movable plate 22 is slidably connected to the side of the fixed plate 21 away from the sample box 2.
A pair of adjacent surfaces or a group of three surfaces which are adjacent in pairs in the sample box 2 are water inlet surfaces, and the rest surfaces are water outlet surfaces. The permeable piece 3 covers the water outlet surface of the sample box 2 and is used for containing water permeating from the water outlet surface.
Specifically, the permeable part 3 includes box body and permeable stone, and the permeable hole has been seted up to one side that the box body is close to sample box 2, and permeable stone is laid in the box body.
Preferably, the sample box 2 is arranged near one bottom corner or two adjacent bottom corners of the water storage box 1. The permeable piece 3 is covered on the surface of the sample box 2 close to the water storage box 1.
The water outlet component 5 is connected with the permeable piece 3 and used for discharging water in the permeable piece 3 and measuring water flow.
Specifically, the water outlet assembly 5 comprises a water outlet pipe 51, a second flow meter 52 and a water storage member.
One end of the water outlet pipe 51 is communicated with the permeable box, and the other end is communicated with the water storage piece; the water in the permeable member 3 is discharged to the water storage member through the water outlet pipe 51; a second flow meter 52 is disposed on the outlet pipe 51 for measuring the outlet flow in the outlet pipe 51. The water storage part can be a water tank, a water bucket and the like.
The water outlet assembly 5 is also used for discharging water in the water storage box 1.
Specifically, the rest surfaces of the permeable part 3 except the side surface close to the sample box 2, the side surface departing from the sample box 2 and the side surface contacted with the water storage box 1 are thickness sides, and the thickness sides are also provided with permeable holes for water to pass through; the outer side of the thickness side is provided with a water retaining clapboard 31 for sealing the permeable holes of the thickness side. After the test system of this application is used to accomplish the osmotic coefficient test to the ground body that awaits measuring, open manger plate baffle 31, make the water in the water storage box 1 get into in the permeable part 3 to finally discharge from water outlet assembly 5.
The test component 6 is connected with the rock-soil body to be tested and is used for testing the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested.
Specifically, the test assembly 6 includes a first pressure measuring unit, a second pressure measuring unit, and a calculating unit.
The first pressure measuring unit comprises a first pressure measuring pipe 61, a first measuring cup 62 and a first connecting pipe 63; the first pressure measuring pipe 61 is arranged in the rock-soil body to be measured and is close to the water inlet surface; the first piezometric tube 61 communicates with the first measuring cup 62 via a first connecting tube 63; the first pressure measuring unit is used for measuring the initial water head difference of water in the water storage box passing through the rock-soil body to be measured.
The second pressure measuring unit comprises a second pressure measuring pipe 64, a second measuring cup 65 and a second connecting pipe 66; the second pressure measuring pipe 64 is arranged in the rock-soil body to be measured and is close to the water outlet surface; the second pressure measuring tube 64 is communicated with the second measuring cup 65 through a second connecting tube 66; and the second pressure measuring unit is used for measuring the final water head difference of water in the water storage box passing through the rock-soil body to be measured.
And the calculation unit is used for calculating the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be measured according to the initial water head difference and the final water head difference.
The first pressure measuring pipe 61 and the second pressure measuring pipe 64 are thin pipes into which water can flow, and the first measuring cup 62 and the second measuring cup 65 are transparent pipes with scales.
The head refers to the energy per unit weight of water at any section, and is equal to the specific energy, i.e. the energy per unit mass of water divided by the acceleration of gravity. The water head difference refers to the height difference between water levels, and because the height difference of the water levels generates 'water pressure', the larger the height difference of the water levels is, the larger the generated water pressure is, and therefore, the calculation data of the water head difference is the water pressure value.
The initial head difference in this application refers to the water pressure of the surface of intaking, and the water pressure that the head difference refers to the surface of water has ended.
The utility model provides a test system is when using, for the convenience fixes the fly leaf 22 of taking out, is provided with the draw-in groove on the lateral wall of water storage box 1, but the tip joint of fly leaf 22 roll-off fixed plate 21 is in the draw-in groove.
For the convenience of observing the internal conditions of the water storage box 1 and the sample box 2 by a user, the water storage box 1 and the sample box 2 are transparent box bodies.
In order to facilitate the user to measure the size of the sample to be measured in the sample box 2 and the water level in the water storage box 1, the side wall of the water storage box 1 is provided with scales.
As shown in fig. 1-3, in the present embodiment, the water storage box 1 is a transparent box body without a cover, and includes a bottom side plate 11, a left side plate 12, a right side plate 13, a front side plate 14, and a rear side plate 15. The side plate, the right side plate 13, the front side plate 14 and the rear side plate 15 of the water storage box 1 are all provided with scales.
The sample cell 2 is a transparent cell with a cover, and includes a bottom panel 23, a top panel 24, a left panel 25, a right panel 26, a front panel 27, and a rear panel 28.
The sample box 2 is arranged close to two bottom corners at the right side of the water storage box 1, and a left panel 25 and a top panel 24 of the test box are water inlet surfaces. The right panel 26, the bottom panel 23, the front panel 27 and the rear panel 28 of the test box are externally covered with the water permeable member 3.
The first pressure measuring tube 61 is provided at the upper left inside the sample cartridge 2, and the second pressure measuring tube 64 is provided at the lower right inside the sample cartridge 2.
A clamping groove is arranged on the left side plate 12 of the water storage box 1 at the position opposite to the movable plate 22 of the top panel 24 and the movable plate 22 of the bottom panel 23, and is used for fixing the drawn movable plates 22 in the top panel 24 and the bottom panel 23. The front side plate 14 and the rear side plate 15 of the water storage box 1 are provided with a locking groove at a position corresponding to the drawing state of the movable plate 22 in the right panel 26 of the left panel 25, and the locking groove is used for fixing the drawn movable plate 22 of the left panel 25 and the drawn movable plate 22 of the right panel 26.
On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a testing method for performing a soil permeability coefficient test by using the testing system, as shown in fig. 5, the testing method includes:
s1, placing the rock-soil body to be tested into a sample box 2.
And S2, drawing out the movable plate 22 on the corresponding surface of the sample box 2 according to the type of the permeability coefficient to be measured.
The types of the permeability coefficients to be measured comprise a horizontal permeability coefficient, a vertical permeability coefficient and a comprehensive permeability coefficient.
For example, the movable plate 22 in the left panel 25 and the right panel 26 can be drawn out when testing the horizontal permeability coefficient; or the movable plate 22 in the front panel 27 and the rear panel 28 is drawn out.
The movable panel 22 in the top panel 24 and the bottom panel 23 may be withdrawn for testing vertical permeability coefficient.
The movable plate 22 in the left panel 25, the right panel 26, the top panel 24 and the bottom panel 23 or the movable plate 22 in the front panel 27, the rear panel 28, the top panel 24 and the bottom panel 23 can be drawn out when testing the comprehensive permeability coefficient.
In the present embodiment, the movable plate 22 in the left panel 25 and the right panel 26 is drawn out to test the horizontal permeability coefficient, the movable plate 22 in the top panel 24 and the bottom panel 23 is drawn out to test the vertical permeability coefficient, and the movable plate 22 in the left panel 25, the right panel 26, the top panel 24 and the bottom panel 23 is drawn out to test the comprehensive permeability coefficient.
And S3, controlling the water inlet assembly 4 to supply water into the water storage box 1.
And S4, testing the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested through the testing assembly 6.
When one type of permeability coefficient is tested on the same rock-soil body to be tested, and other types of permeability coefficients are required to be tested, the test method further comprises the following steps:
the water storage box 1, the permeable member 3, the first measuring cup 62 and the second measuring cup 65 are emptied of water.
The movable plate 22 is inserted back to control all the through holes to be closed, and then S2 is performed.
Preferably, before S4, the method further comprises:
the water inlet assembly 4 is used for measuring the water inlet flow of the water storage box 1; measuring the water outlet flow of the permeable part 3 by using the water outlet component 5;
measuring the initial head difference of water passing through the rock-soil body to be measured and the final head difference of water passing through the rock-soil body to be measured by using the test component 6;
s4 specifically comprises the following steps:
and when the inflow water flow is equal to the outflow water flow, testing the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested through the inflow water flow, the initial head difference and the final head difference.
In this embodiment, S4 specifically is:
s41, when the water inflow rate is equal to the water outflow rate, recording the water inflow rate or the water outflow rate; the soluble pigment is then added to the water and the level of water in the first measuring cup 62 and the second measuring cup 65 is measured after the presence of pigmented water in the outlet assembly 5.
S42, acquiring the length of a permeation path of the rock-soil body to be detected according to the flowing path of the pigment in the rock-soil body to be detected; and cutting the rock-soil body to be detected according to the flow path to obtain the cross-sectional area of the rock-soil body to be detected in the direction perpendicular to the water flow.
S43, calculating the permeability coefficient to be measured according to the recorded inflow or outflow, the height of the water in the first measuring cup 62, the height of the water in the second measuring cup 65, the length of the permeation path and the cross-sectional area.
In particular, K = QH/(a (h) according to darcy's law of penetration 2 -h 1 ) Calculate the permeability coefficient to be measured.
Wherein K is the permeability coefficient to be measured, Q is the inflow or outflow, A is the cross-sectional area, h 2 Is the height of the water in the second measuring cup 65, h 1 Is the level of water in the first measuring cup 62.
The water inlet surface of the rock-soil body to be detected is one side of the rock-soil body to be detected, which is close to the water inlet surface of the sample box 2, and the water outlet surface of the rock-soil body to be detected is one side of the rock-soil body to be detected, which is close to the water outlet surface of the sample box 2.
Preferably, when the type of the permeability coefficient to be measured is a horizontal permeability coefficient or a vertical permeability coefficient, the permeation path length is a distance from the water inlet surface to the water outlet surface of the rock-soil body to be measured, the cross-sectional area is an area of the water inlet surface of the rock-soil body to be measured, and S41 is:
when the water inflow rate is equal to the water outflow rate, recording the water inflow rate; and measures the level of water in the first measuring cup 62 and the second measuring cup 65.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, the test system of the present application is used to perform a test method for a multi-directional permeability coefficient test, so as to sequentially test a horizontal permeability coefficient, a vertical permeability coefficient, and a comprehensive permeability coefficient of the same rock-soil mass to be tested.
1. Testing the horizontal permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested:
putting a rock-soil body to be tested into the sample box 2;
a movable plate 22 for drawing out the left panel 25 and the right panel 26 of the sample box 2;
controlling the water inlet component 4 to supply water into the water storage box 1, so that the water sequentially passes through the fixed plate 21 of the left panel 25, the rock-soil mass to be detected, the movable plate 22 of the right panel 26 and the water permeable piece 3 and is discharged through the water outlet pipe 51;
when the inflow and the outflow are equal, indicating that the water seepage performance of the rock-soil body to be measured is saturated, and recording the inflow or the outflow; and recording the height of the first measuring cup 62 and the height of the second measuring cup 65;
obtaining the length of a permeation path of a rock-soil body to be detected and the cross section area vertical to the water flow direction; the length of the permeation path is the distance from the left side surface to the right side surface of the rock-soil body to be detected, and the cross-sectional area is the area of the left side surface or the right side surface of the rock-soil body to be detected;
and calculating the horizontal permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be measured by using Darcy's permeability law according to the inflow or outflow, the height of the first measuring cup 62, the height of the second measuring cup 65, the length of the permeation path and the cross-sectional area.
2. Testing the vertical permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested:
opening the water retaining partition plate 31 to empty the water in the water storage box 1 and the water permeable member 3, emptying the water in the first measuring cup 62 and the second measuring cup 65, closing the water retaining partition plate 31, and inserting the movable plates 22 in the left panel 25 and the right panel 26 back;
a movable plate 22 for drawing out the top plate 24 and the bottom plate 23 of the sample box 2;
controlling the water inlet assembly 4 to supply water into the water storage box 1, so that the water sequentially passes through the fixed plate 21 of the top panel 24, the rock-soil mass to be detected, the movable plate 22 of the bottom panel 23 and the water permeable piece 3 and is discharged through the water outlet pipe 51;
when the inflow and the outflow are equal, indicating that the water seepage performance of the rock-soil body to be measured is saturated, and recording the inflow or the outflow; and recording the height of the first measuring cup 62 and the height of the second measuring cup 65;
acquiring the length of a permeation path of a rock-soil body to be detected and the cross section area vertical to the water flow direction; the length of the permeation path is the distance from the top surface to the bottom surface of the rock-soil body to be detected, and the cross-sectional area is the area of the top surface or the bottom surface of the rock-soil body to be detected;
and calculating the horizontal permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be measured by using Darcy's permeability law according to the inflow or outflow, the height of the first measuring cup 62, the height of the second measuring cup 65, the length of the permeation path and the cross-sectional area.
3. Testing the comprehensive permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested:
opening the water retaining partition 31 to empty the water in the water storage box 1 and the water permeable member 3, emptying the water in the first measuring cup 62 and the second measuring cup 65, closing the water retaining partition 31, and inserting the movable plates 22 in the top panel 24 and the bottom panel 23 back;
the movable plate 22 in the left panel 25, the right panel 26, the top panel 24 and the bottom panel 23 of the sample box 2 is drawn out;
controlling the water inlet assembly 4 to supply water into the water storage box 1, so that the water sequentially passes through the fixed plates 21 of the top panel 24 and the left panel 25, the rock-soil mass to be detected, the movable plates 22 of the bottom panel 23 and the right panel 26 and the water permeable piece 3 and is discharged through the water outlet pipe 51;
when the water inflow rate is equal to the water outflow rate, recording the water inflow rate; then adding the soluble pigment into the water, and measuring the height of the water in the first measuring cup 62 and the height of the water in the second measuring cup 65 after the water with the pigment appears in the water outlet component 5;
acquiring the length of a permeation path of the rock-soil body to be detected according to the flow path of the pigment in the rock-soil body to be detected; cutting the rock-soil body to be detected according to the flow path to obtain the cross section area of the rock-soil body to be detected in the vertical water flow direction;
and calculating the horizontal permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be measured by using Darcy's permeability law according to the inflow or outflow, the height of the first measuring cup 62, the height of the second measuring cup 65, the length of the permeation path and the cross-sectional area.
The test system can test the unidirectional horizontal permeability coefficient and vertical permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested, can also test the comprehensive permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested, overcomes the defect that the conventional test device cannot test the comprehensive permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested, and provides more real reference value for defining the soil body permeability process;
the test system can also test the horizontal permeability coefficient, the vertical permeability coefficient and the comprehensive permeability coefficient of the same rock-soil body to be tested in one test, overcomes the defect that a plurality of rock-soil bodies to be tested are needed when the existing test device measures the permeability coefficients in different directions, and enables the test result to be more accurate;
the sample box 2 and the water storage box 1 of the test system are arranged in a split mode, so that the sample box 2 can be carried to sample at a sampling point, secondary disturbance of a rock-soil body to be tested in the sampling process is reduced, and the test result is more accurate;
the test system has the advantages of flexible size, simple structure, low manufacturing cost, simple operation and accurate test result, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Although the present application has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application.

Claims (7)

1. A comprehensive test system for the anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock-soil mass is characterized by comprising a water inlet assembly, a water storage box without a cover, a sample box, a permeable piece, a water outlet assembly and a test assembly;
the water inlet assembly is used for supplying water to the water storage box;
the sample box is positioned in the water storage box and used for accommodating a rock-soil body to be detected; the sample box is a box body with a cover, each surface of the sample box comprises a fixed plate and a movable plate, a through hole is formed in the fixed plate, and the movable plate is connected with the fixed plate in a sliding mode so as to control the through hole to be opened or closed;
a pair of adjacent surfaces or a group of three surfaces which are adjacent in pairs in the sample box are water inlet surfaces, and the rest surfaces are water outlet surfaces; the permeable piece covers the water outlet surface of the sample box and is used for containing water permeating from the water outlet surface;
the water outlet assembly is connected with the water permeable piece and is used for discharging water in the water permeable piece;
the test assembly is connected with the rock-soil body to be tested and is used for testing the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested;
the test assembly comprises a first pressure measuring unit, a second pressure measuring unit and a calculating unit;
the first pressure measuring unit comprises a first pressure measuring pipe, a first measuring cup and a first connecting pipe;
the first pressure measuring pipe is arranged in the rock-soil body to be measured and is close to the water inlet surface, and the first pressure measuring pipe is communicated with the first measuring cup through the first connecting pipe; the first pressure measuring unit is used for measuring the initial water head difference of water passing through the rock-soil body to be measured;
the second pressure measuring unit comprises a second pressure measuring pipe, a second measuring cup and a second connecting pipe;
the second pressure measuring pipe is arranged in the rock-soil body to be measured and close to the water outlet surface, and is communicated with the second measuring cup through the second connecting pipe; the second pressure measuring unit is used for measuring the final water head difference of water passing through the rock-soil body to be measured;
the calculation unit is used for calculating the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be detected according to the initial water head difference and the final water head difference;
the sample box is arranged close to one bottom corner or two adjacent bottom corners of the water storage box, and the water permeable piece covers the surface of the sample box close to the water storage box;
the permeable part comprises a box body and permeable stones, one side of the box body, which is close to the sample box, is provided with permeable holes, and the permeable stones are laid in the box body;
the rest surfaces of the permeable piece except the side surface close to the sample box, the side surface far away from the sample box and the side surface contacted with the water storage box are thickness sides, and the thickness sides are also provided with permeable holes for water to pass through; and a water retaining partition plate for closing the water permeable holes on the thickness side is arranged on the outer side of the thickness side.
2. The testing system of claim 1, wherein the water intake assembly comprises a water supply, a water intake pipe, and a first flow meter;
one end of the water inlet pipe is communicated with the water supply part, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is communicated with the water storage box; the water supply part supplies water to the water storage box through the water inlet pipe; the first flowmeter is arranged on the water inlet pipe and is used for measuring the inflow of water in the water inlet pipe;
the water outlet assembly comprises a water outlet pipe, a second flow meter and a water storage piece;
one end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the water permeable piece, and the other end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the water storage piece; the water in the water permeable piece is discharged into the water storage piece through the water outlet pipe; the second flowmeter is arranged on the water outlet pipe and used for measuring the water outlet flow in the water outlet pipe.
3. The testing system of claim 1, wherein the fixed plate is a double-sided structure with a groove in the middle, and the movable plate is inserted into the groove in the middle of the fixed plate.
4. The testing system of claim 1, wherein a slot is disposed on a side wall of the water storage box;
the movable plate slides out of the end part of the fixed plate and can be clamped in the clamping groove.
5. A test method for testing anisotropic permeability coefficient of rock and soil mass by using the test system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the test method comprises:
s1, placing a rock-soil body to be detected into the sample box;
s2, extracting the movable plate on the corresponding surface of the sample box according to the type of the permeability coefficient to be measured;
s3, controlling the water inlet assembly to supply water into the water storage box;
and S4, testing the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested through the testing assembly.
6. The testing method according to claim 5, wherein when the permeability coefficient of one type is tested on the same rock-soil mass to be tested, and the permeability coefficients of the other types are required to be tested, the testing method further comprises the following steps:
emptying water in the water storage box, the water permeable piece, the first measuring cup and the second measuring cup;
inserting the movable plate back to control all the through holes to be closed, and then executing S2.
7. The testing method of claim 5, wherein prior to the S4, the method further comprises:
measuring the water inlet flow of the water storage box by using the water inlet assembly; measuring the water outlet flow of the water permeable piece by using the water outlet assembly;
measuring the initial head difference of water passing through the rock-soil body to be measured and the final head difference of water passing through the rock-soil body to be measured by using the test assembly;
the S4 specifically comprises the following steps:
and when the water inflow rate is equal to the water outflow rate, testing the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil body to be tested through the water inflow rate, the initial water head difference and the final water head difference.
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JP3350197B2 (en) * 1993-12-29 2002-11-25 大成建設株式会社 Permeability test equipment and water path exploration method
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