CN114965042A - Small-size sample-based test sample assembly for testing static/dynamic compression and tension mechanical properties - Google Patents
Small-size sample-based test sample assembly for testing static/dynamic compression and tension mechanical properties Download PDFInfo
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- CN114965042A CN114965042A CN202210469717.5A CN202210469717A CN114965042A CN 114965042 A CN114965042 A CN 114965042A CN 202210469717 A CN202210469717 A CN 202210469717A CN 114965042 A CN114965042 A CN 114965042A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small-size sample-based test sample assembly for testing static/dynamic compression and tension mechanical properties, and belongs to the technical field of material mechanical property research. The sample assembly is formed by assembling a sample and two fixtures together; the test sample comprises two loading sections, two transition sections and a test section, wherein the loading sections are isosceles trapezoids, the transition sections are round tables, the test section is cylindrical, and two ends of the test section are correspondingly connected with the two loading sections through the two transition sections to form an I-shaped structure; the fixture is a cylinder with an end face provided with a through radial groove, two ends of the bottom surface of the groove are respectively processed into inclined planes matched with the waist of the middle waist trapezoid of the sample, and the width of the groove is equal to the thickness of the middle waist trapezoid of the sample; the test sample can generate a longitudinal tensile effect by axially compressing and loading the fixture in the test sample assembly, so that the tensile property research of the small-size test sample under the static/dynamic loading condition can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a small-size sample-based test sample assembly for testing static/dynamic compression and tension mechanical properties, and belongs to the technical field of material mechanical property research.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the application of new materials in industry is more and more extensive, wherein metal materials and non-metal materials thereof are often in service under different working conditions in the practical application and test process of industrial engineering such as aerospace, petroleum, chemical engineering, shipbuilding, machinery, electronics, electric power and the like. Therefore, researchers need to perform the testing research of the mechanical behavior under different loading conditions, however, due to the limitation of the material size and the cost of the rare and precious metal materials, the processing design of the conventional tensile sample becomes a difficult point for many scholars, and the research of the static and dynamic mechanical behavior of the small-sized sample becomes a necessary trend.
In combination with the structure and loading mode of the sample currently used for material mechanical property research, some researchers have tried to perform tensile test on a sample with a micro size on a micro device, but only a small size sample under a quasi-static state. In addition, the data error measured by the dynamic tensile test of the material by using the existing Hopkinson pressure bar experimental device is larger, the dynamic compression performance of the material is generally researched by using the Hopkinson pressure bar experimental device, the size of a test sample is larger, the sample needs to be subjected to thread processing, and particularly, the cost is higher for rare and precious materials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the static/dynamic mechanical property research of small-size samples at present, the invention provides a sample assembly for testing the static/dynamic compression and tension mechanical properties based on the small-size samples, through the innovative I-shaped sample design and a cylindrical fixture matched with the I-shaped sample design, a Hopkinson pressure bar experimental device or a material testing machine is adopted to carry out axial compression and loading on the fixture, so that the sample can generate a longitudinal tension effect, the tension property research of the sample under the static/dynamic loading condition can be further realized, an important guiding function is provided for obtaining the static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of small-size materials and rare noble metals, the cost is saved, and the economic benefit is great.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The test sample assembly for testing the static/dynamic compression-tension mechanical property based on the small-size test sample comprises a test sample and a fixture;
the test sample comprises two loading sections, two transition sections and a test section, wherein the loading sections are isosceles trapezoids, the transition sections are round tables, the test section is cylindrical, and two ends of the test section are correspondingly connected with the two loading sections through the two transition sections to form an I-shaped structure;
the fixture is a cylinder with an end face provided with a through radial groove, two ends of the bottom surface of the groove are respectively processed into inclined planes matched with the waist of the middle waist trapezoid of the sample, and the width of the groove is equal to the thickness of the middle waist trapezoid of the sample;
the sample and two fixture assembly are in the same place, and two inclined planes correspond in two isosceles trapezoid one side in the sample and a fixture and laminate, and two inclined planes correspond in two isosceles trapezoid opposite sides in the sample and another fixture and laminate, and the cylinder is arranged in the recess of fixture and is contactless with the bottom surface of recess in the sample.
Furthermore, the joints of the outer circumferential surface of the transition section, the loading section and the testing section are all processed in a rounding mode.
Furthermore, the included angle between the waist of the middle waist trapezoid of the sample and the bottom (namely the bottom with longer side length) is 45 degrees, and the slope of the inclined plane of the groove in the fixture is 45 degrees.
Further, the length of the cylinder in the sample is 0.4-0.5 times of the diameter of the fixture; in addition, the diameter of the cylinder in the sample is more preferably 2 to 4 mm.
Furthermore, the material strength of the fixture is larger than or equal to that of the Hopkinson bar, the fixture can be made of the same material as the Hopkinson bar, the influence on waves in a test can be reduced, and the fixture has enough strength.
Further, in order to ensure good contact between the fixture and the Hopkinson bar and reduce test errors, the absolute value of the difference between the diameter of the fixture and the diameter of the Hopkinson bar is less than or equal to 5 mm.
Furthermore, grease or lubricating oil is coated between the waist of the middle waist trapezoid in the sample and the contact surface of the inclined plane in the fixture so as to reduce the error influence on test data caused by friction between the sample and the fixture in the test.
Further, the distance between the large end of the inclined plane of the groove in the fixture and the other end face of the fixture, which is not provided with the groove, is not less than 2 mm; the wall thickness of the groove in the fixture is not less than 2mm, and preferably 2-6 mm.
Further, the length of the bottom surface of the groove in the fixture (namely, the distance between the small ends of the two inclined surfaces in the groove in the radial direction of the fixture) is 0.7-0.8 times of the diameter of the fixture.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the loading section of the sample is designed into an isosceles trapezoid, the included angle between the waist and the lower bottom is designed into 45 degrees, meanwhile, the fixture is designed to be provided with an inclined plane with the gradient of 45 degrees to be matched with the inclined plane, and the axial compression loading force can be equal to the transverse tensile force of the sample, so that the calculation and analysis in the test are facilitated.
(2) The height of the isosceles trapezoid of the loading section in the sample is more than or equal to 3mm, so that a slope surface bearing loading is well matched with a fixture, and meanwhile, the sample is enabled to have enough strength in the process of bearing larger compression loading, so that the small-size sample is broken and failed in a test area in the process of compression and tension.
(3) The transition section designed in the sample can play a transition role in the stress transfer process, so that the stress is prevented from being suddenly increased, particularly in the dynamic test process. The transition section is processed in a fillet mode, so that on one hand, the joint of the loading section and the transition section is a fillet, and the stress concentration at a right angle caused by the section change of different parts in the test process can be reduced; on the other hand, the joint of the test section and the transition end is a fillet, so that the tensile stress is mainly concentrated in the test section area in the dynamic compression and stretching process, and further the failure is mainly generated in the test section area.
(4) The test section in the test sample is designed into a cylindrical shape, and compared with a rectangular design, the test sample avoids certain errors of measured data caused by local stress concentration in the stretching process. In addition, the size of a test section in the sample is optimized, so that the sample can be prevented from being subjected to tensile failure in the test, and the sample is prevented from being rapidly broken in the loading process, so that the signal collection is not convenient when the sample fails.
(5) In the fixture, the distance between the large end of the inclined plane of the groove and the end face of the fixture is limited, and the fixture has enough strength in the static/dynamic loading process, so that a sample is broken and fails in the compression and stretching processes; the wall thickness parameters of the groove are set, so that the fixture has enough strength and does not deform in the static/dynamic loading process, and the H-shaped sample is limited.
(6) In the sample assembly, lubricating grease or lubricating oil is coated on the contact surface of the sample and the clamp, the material and the diameter of the clamp are limited, and the test error is reduced as much as possible.
In summary, in the sample assembly, the loading section of the sample is designed to be an isosceles trapezoid, the groove with the corresponding inclined surface is machined on the fixture, and the sample is assembled with the fixture in a contact manner through the ingeniously designed inclined surface, so that the sample generates a longitudinal tensile effect through axial compression loading of the fixture, dynamic tensile property research on the small-size sample can be realized by adopting a Hopkinson pressure bar experimental device, static tensile property research on the small-size sample can be realized by adopting a material testing machine, and static/dynamic tensile property test research on the small-size sample is well realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a sample described in example 1; wherein, a is a front view, b is a left view, and c is a top view.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the jig according to embodiment 1; wherein, a is a front view, b is a left view, and c is a top view.
FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of a device for mechanical property study of a sample assembly as described in example 1 using the Hopkinson pressure bar test device technique; the device comprises a bullet 1, an incident rod 2, a strain gauge I3, a sample assembly 4, a strain gauge II 5, a transmission rod 6, a Wheatstone bridge II 7, an ultrahigh-speed digital camera 8, a Wheatstone bridge I9, a photoelectric switch 10, a lead 11, an ultra-dynamic strain gauge 12, an oscilloscope 13, a computer I14 and a computer II 15.
FIG. 4 is a force-displacement graph obtained during static compression-extension of the test specimens described in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and detailed description, wherein the processes are conventional unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from a public source without further specification. In addition, in the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The method takes 943 armor steel with small size as a research object, and the steps for researching the static/dynamic compression-tension mechanical properties are as follows:
(1) processing an I-shaped structural sample from a small-size armored steel material by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machining process; the test sample is composed of a loading section, a transition section, a testing section, a transition section and a loading section in sequence, wherein the two loading sections are isosceles trapezoids with an upper bottom multiplied by a lower bottom multiplied by a height multiplied by a thickness which is 8mm multiplied by 14mm multiplied by 3mm multiplied by 8mm, the transition section is a circular truncated cone, the joint of the two ends of the circular truncated cone, the loading section and the transition section is processed into a fillet with the radius of R being 2mm, the height of the testing section is 10mm, and the diameter of the testing section is 4mm, and the test sample is shown in figure 1;
two clamps are processed by adopting the same material (the material is 18Ni300 martensitic steel) as a Hopkinson bar with the diameter of 20 mm; the fixture is a cylinder with an end face provided with a through radial groove, the diameter of the cylinder is 20mm, the total height of the cylinder is 8mm, two ends of the bottom face of the groove are respectively processed into inclined planes with the gradient of 45 degrees, the width of the groove is 8mm, the depth of the groove is 2mm, the length of the bottom face of the groove (namely the distance between the small ends of the two inclined planes) is 14mm, and the distance between the large end of the inclined plane in the groove and the other end face of the cylinder without the groove is 3mm, as shown in fig. 2;
(2) polishing the surfaces of the sample and the fixture respectively to enable the surface smoothness of the sample and the fixture to reach 0.4-0.6, and then cleaning the sample and the fixture with alcohol and airing the sample and the fixture for later use;
(3) assembling a sample and two fixtures together, wherein two waists on one side of two isosceles trapezoids in the sample are correspondingly attached to two inclined planes in one fixture, two waists on the other side of the two isosceles trapezoids in the sample are correspondingly attached to two inclined planes in the other fixture, lubricating grease or lubricating oil is smeared between contact surfaces of the waists and the inclined planes, a cylinder in the sample is positioned in a groove of the fixture and is not contacted with the bottom surface of the groove, and a sample assembly 4 is formed, which is detailed in a partial enlarged view of the sample assembly 4 in fig. 3;
(4) placing a sample assembly 4 between an incident rod 2 and a transmission rod 6 of a Hopkinson pressure bar experimental device, respectively contacting the transmission rod 6 and the incident rod 2 with the end surfaces of unprocessed grooves in two clamps, realizing loading of the sample assembly 4 at different strain rates by changing the length and the loading rate of a bullet 1, and monitoring dynamic loading and a failure process thereof by combining an ultra-high speed digital camera 8;
as shown in fig. 3, the hopkinson pressure bar experimental device comprises a bullet 1, an incident rod 2, a strain gauge i3, a strain gauge ii 5, a transmission rod 6, a wheatstone bridge ii 7, an ultra-high speed digital camera 8, a wheatstone bridge i 9, a photoelectric switch 10, an ultra-dynamic strain gauge 12, an oscilloscope 13, a computer i 14 and a computer ii 15; strain signals (incident strain and reflection strain) of an incident rod 2 are collected by a strain gauge I3 adhered to the incident rod 2, strain signals (transmission strain) of a transmission rod 6 are collected by a strain gauge II 5 adhered to the transmission rod 6, information collected by the strain gauge I3 passes through a Wheatstone bridge I9, information collected by the strain gauge II 5 passes through a Wheatstone bridge II 7, and then is recorded on a computer I14 through a super-dynamic strain gauge 12 and an oscilloscope 13 in sequence; the impact speed of the bullet 1 can be estimated through the distance between the two photoelectric switches 10 and the time difference between the bullet 1 and the two photoelectric switches 10; the computer I14 is used for recording and storing incident and transmission signals and controlling synchronous triggering of the ultra-high speed digital camera 8 so as to record the failure process of the sample, and the computer II 15 is used for controlling the ultra-high speed digital camera 8; the camera of the ultra-high speed digital camera 8 corresponds to the cylindrical section in the sample and is used for recording the failure process of the sample;
subsequent processing is carried out on test data acquired by the Hopkinson pressure bar test device and dynamic change process data monitored by the ultra-high speed digital camera 8, so that a force-displacement curve, a displacement field, a strain field and a failure change process of the small-size test sample in the dynamic compression and stretching process can be obtained;
(5) or, the quasi-static compression and tension performance of the sample is detected by the sample assembly 4 in a compression mode under a material testing machine in the same assembling mode. The force-displacement curve test results for 943 armor steel are given in fig. 4, from which it can be seen that the sample undergoes three stages in the static compression-tension test: elastic deformation phase, plastic deformation phase, and finally fracture.
And observing the test sample after the static/dynamic compression tensile test is broken, wherein the breakage occurs in the test section area of the test sample, and the test sample assembly 4 designed by the invention can realize the static/dynamic compression tensile performance test of the small-size test sample.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Sample subassembly based on quiet/dynamic compression tensile mechanical properties of small-size sample test, its characterized in that: the sample assembly comprises a sample and a fixture;
the test sample comprises two loading sections, two transition sections and a testing section, wherein the loading section is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, the transition sections are round tables, the testing section is in a cylindrical shape, and two ends of the testing section are correspondingly connected with the two loading sections through the two transition sections to form an I-shaped structure;
the fixture is a cylinder with an end face provided with a through radial groove, two ends of the bottom surface of the groove are respectively processed into inclined planes matched with the waist of the middle waist trapezoid of the sample, and the width of the groove is equal to the thickness of the middle waist trapezoid of the sample;
the sample and two fixture assembly are in the same place, and two inclined planes correspond in two isosceles trapezoid one side in the sample and a fixture and laminate, and two inclined planes correspond in two isosceles trapezoid opposite sides in the sample and another fixture and laminate, and the cylinder is arranged in the recess of fixture and is contactless with the bottom surface of recess in the sample.
2. The small-scale specimen-based specimen assembly for testing static/dynamic compressive-tensile mechanical properties of claim 1, wherein: and the joints of the outer circumferential surface of the transition section, the loading section and the testing section are processed in a fillet mode.
3. The small-scale specimen-based specimen assembly for testing static/dynamic compressive-tensile mechanical properties of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the waist of the middle waist trapezoid and the lower bottom of the sample is 45 degrees, and the slope gradient of the inclined plane of the groove in the fixture is 45 degrees.
4. The small-scale specimen-based specimen assembly for testing static/dynamic compressive-tensile mechanical properties of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the large end of the inclined plane of the groove in the fixture and the other end face of the groove which is not processed in the fixture is not less than 2mm, and the wall thickness of the groove in the fixture is not less than 2 mm.
5. The small-scale specimen-based specimen assembly for testing static/dynamic compressive-tensile mechanical properties of claim 1, wherein: the length of the bottom surface of the concave groove in the fixture is 0.7-0.8 times of the diameter of the fixture.
6. The small-scale specimen-based specimen assembly for testing static/dynamic compressive-tensile mechanical properties of claim 1, wherein: and lubricating grease or lubricating oil is smeared between the waist of the middle waist trapezoid of the sample and the contact surface of the middle inclined plane of the fixture.
7. The small-scale specimen-based specimen assembly for testing static/dynamic compressive-tensile mechanical properties of claim 1, wherein: the material strength of the fixture is larger than or equal to that of the Hopkinson bar.
8. The small-scale specimen-based specimen assembly for testing static/dynamic compressive-tensile mechanical properties of claim 1, wherein: the absolute value of the difference between the diameter of the fixture and the diameter of the Hopkinson bar is less than or equal to 5 mm.
9. The small-scale specimen-based specimen assembly for testing static/dynamic compressive-tensile mechanical properties according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the length of the cylinder in the sample is 0.4-0.5 times of the diameter of the fixture.
10. The small-scale specimen-based specimen assembly for testing static/dynamic compressive-tensile mechanical properties of claim 9, wherein: the diameter of the cylinder in the sample is 2-4 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210469717.5A CN114965042A (en) | 2022-04-28 | 2022-04-28 | Small-size sample-based test sample assembly for testing static/dynamic compression and tension mechanical properties |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210469717.5A CN114965042A (en) | 2022-04-28 | 2022-04-28 | Small-size sample-based test sample assembly for testing static/dynamic compression and tension mechanical properties |
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| CN114965042A true CN114965042A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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| CN202210469717.5A Pending CN114965042A (en) | 2022-04-28 | 2022-04-28 | Small-size sample-based test sample assembly for testing static/dynamic compression and tension mechanical properties |
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