CN114964506A - Indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control method and system based on infrared thermal imaging - Google Patents
Indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control method and system based on infrared thermal imaging Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0022—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation of moving bodies
- G01J5/0025—Living bodies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
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- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
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Abstract
The invention relates to an indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control method and system based on infrared thermal imaging, wherein the method comprises the following steps: gather indoor personnel face infrared thermal imaging and carry out skin temperature and draw, utilize convolution neural network to discern individual age and gender in following infrared thermal imaging, according to skin temperature, age and gender, utilize machine learning model to predict individual thermal comfort, based on the individual thermal comfort intelligent control local air conditioning system who obtains. Compared with the prior art, the invention realizes non-invasive automatic control by using the thermal infrared imager, and the setting and operation method is simple; the prediction accuracy of individual thermal comfort is improved by identifying age and gender, and the differentiation requirements of different individuals on thermal environments are met to the maximum extent; the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved through real-time personalized thermal environment regulation and control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent regulation, in particular to an indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation method and system based on infrared thermal imaging.
Background
With the improvement of the requirement of human on the building comfort performance, the intelligent building has a great trend of regulating and controlling the building indoor environment by sensing the human comfort level, and the basis of the intelligent building is to construct a HCPS (human-cyber-physical system). The key link of the HCPS system is the perception of human comfort level, and in order to realize the regulation and control of the internal thermal environment of the building, the first step is to obtain the thermal comfort level of the indoor personnel of the building. The existing methods for measuring the thermal comfort of human bodies are roughly classified into three types, namely invasive, quasi-invasive and non-invasive. The invasive measurement method is characterized in that sensing equipment such as a temperature sensor is pasted on the surface of a human body, and related parameters are obtained, so that the thermal comfort of the human body is judged. The quasi-invasive method needs a person to be tested to wear sensing equipment such as special glasses and a bracelet, and related parameters are obtained so as to judge the thermal comfort of the human body. The two measurement modes are easy to cause inconvenience and discomfort to the tested personnel to a certain extent, so that the feasibility in practical application is low. The non-invasive measurement can be realized through a visible light camera or an infrared camera, the interference to indoor personnel is less, but privacy trouble can be caused by acquiring images of personnel in the building environment through the visible light camera, and therefore, the infrared camera is used for acquiring infrared pictures to detect the thermal comfort of the human body, which is a feasible measurement mode.
There are several patent applications that propose this idea:
in a patent publication CN113093839A of 7/9/2021, "a method and system for controlling a multidimensional personalized thermal environment based on thermal sensing identification", a method for obtaining a body surface temperature of an individual by infrared thermal imaging to determine individual thermal sensing is provided.
In a patent publication No. CN110726476A, published 24.1.2020, a thermal environment regulation system and a regulation method based on human body infrared temperature monitoring, a thermal environment regulation system based on an infrared array sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor is provided.
In a patent publication CN110671798A "an indoor thermal environment control system based on artificial intelligence technology for thermal sensation prediction", published on 20.1.2020, a method for acquiring skin temperature by infrared thermal imaging and updating temperature domain in combination with user input is provided.
The above patent only utilizes thermal infrared imager to survey skin surface temperature and then predict human thermal comfort, has not extracted more useful information from infrared thermal imaging yet, and the system layout is complicated, needs temperature and humidity sensor or user frequent input to overcome the inaccuracy of predicting human thermal comfort only based on skin temperature simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control method and system based on infrared thermal imaging, aiming at overcoming the defects that more useful information is not extracted from infrared thermal imaging, the system arrangement is complex, and simultaneously a temperature and humidity sensor or frequent user input is needed to overcome the inaccuracy of human body thermal comfort prediction based on skin temperature only in the prior art.
It has been shown that there is a relationship between the age and sex of a person and the thermal comfort, for example, as a person ages, neutral temperature tends to increase; in the same thermal environment, the skin temperature of women is lower than that of men, men are more suitable for a low-temperature environment, women are more suitable for a high-temperature environment, and the like. Therefore, identifying the age and gender of a person from infrared thermal imaging while taking into account age, gender and skin temperature will help to improve the thermal comfort model accuracy.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging comprises the following steps:
acquiring the face infrared thermal imaging and the skin temperature of an indoor measured person from a measured environment;
extracting the age and the gender of the tested person according to the facial infrared thermal imaging by adopting a pre-established and trained biological parameter extraction model;
predicting the thermal comfort of the tested person according to the skin temperature, age and gender of the tested person by adopting a pre-established and trained thermal comfort prediction model;
and regulating and controlling the air conditioning system of the tested environment according to the predicted thermal comfort level.
Further, the biological parameter extraction model is constructed based on a convolutional neural network.
Further, the thermal comfort prediction model is constructed based on a machine learning model.
Further, the training process of the thermal comfort prediction model comprises the following steps:
and selecting a training set to train the thermal comfort prediction model, wherein in the training process, the input value of the thermal comfort prediction model is the sex, age and skin temperature of the tested person, and the output value is the thermal comfort of the tested person.
Further, the skin temperature is the forehead center point temperature of the face of the tested person.
Further, the infrared thermal imaging of the face and the skin temperature are obtained through a thermal infrared imager.
Further, the thermal comfort is a graded index, including cold, comfort, and hot.
Further, the air conditioning system includes a heater and a refrigerator.
Further, the regulation and control process of the air conditioning system specifically comprises the following steps: if the thermal comfort degree is colder, the heater is turned on; if the thermal comfort degree is a bias heat, the refrigerator is turned on; if the thermal comfort level is comfortable, the existing configuration of the tested environment is maintained.
The invention also provides an indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control system based on infrared thermal imaging, which is characterized by comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor calls the computer program to execute the steps of the indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging.
The invention utilizes the thermal infrared imager and combines the convolutional neural network and the machine learning algorithm to establish a set of non-invasive intelligent prediction individual thermal comfort and a system control method for automatically regulating and controlling a (local) air conditioning system based on human thermal sensation. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) it has been shown that there is a relationship between the age and sex of a person and the thermal comfort, for example, as a person ages, neutral temperature tends to increase; in the same thermal environment, the skin temperature of women is lower than that of men, men are more suitable for a low-temperature environment, women are more suitable for a high-temperature environment, and the like. Therefore, the scheme identifies the age and the gender of the person from the infrared thermal imaging, and simultaneously considers the age, the gender and the skin temperature, so that the accuracy of the thermal comfort model is improved.
(2) The system is simple in arrangement, the sensing part only needs the thermal infrared imager, and the system has the advantages of low cost, non-contact, easiness in installation and privacy protection.
(3) Because the skin temperature measured by the thermal infrared imager has certain deviation with the core temperature of the human body, the age and the gender of the human body are obtained from the infrared thermal imaging by utilizing a computer vision technology, and the skin temperature obtained by the thermal infrared imager is corrected based on the age and the gender, so that the judgment result of the individual thermal comfort is more accurate.
(4) The local air conditioning system is independently regulated and controlled based on individual thermal comfort, so that individual thermal comfort difference is met as much as possible, and the system has the advantages of individuation, comfort, energy conservation and the like. The system can be widely applied to environments such as office buildings, cabs, airplane cabins and the like, and has practical significance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a result of thermal comfort prediction for infrared thermal imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring the face infrared thermal imaging and the skin temperature of an indoor measured person from a measured environment;
extracting the age and the gender of a tested person according to the infrared thermal imaging of the face by adopting a pre-established and trained biological parameter extraction model;
predicting the thermal comfort of the tested person according to the skin temperature, age and gender of the tested person by adopting a pre-established and trained thermal comfort prediction model;
and regulating and controlling the air conditioning system of the tested environment according to the predicted thermal comfort level.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific implementation process of the scheme includes the following steps:
and S1, acquiring the infrared thermal images of the faces of 100 testees in the test environment through a thermal infrared imager. The thermal infrared imager can be selected according to actual conditions, the embodiment adopts a low-cost thermal infrared imager, the resolution of a detector is 160 multiplied by 120, and the temperature measurement precision is +/-0.5 ℃ (30 ℃ -45 ℃). The shot part is a bare skin area capable of reflecting the thermal comfort change of a human body, and according to literature research, preferably, the embodiment collects the front infrared thermal imaging of the face of the tested person, measures the skin temperature of the center point of the forehead and records the age and sex data of the tested person.
S2, based on the infrared thermal imaging data set obtained in S1, a physiological parameter extraction model is established by utilizing a convolutional neural network in a computer vision technology, the age and the sex of the person to be tested are extracted, and the model can be used repeatedly after being trained;
in this embodiment, comparing with the 4-class convolutional neural network algorithm, the Resnet50 is finally selected for identifying age and gender.
S3, based on the data recorded in the step S1, a thermal comfort prediction model is established by using a machine learning algorithm, the input values are the sex, the age and the skin temperature of the measured person, the output value is the thermal comfort of the measured person, the established thermal comfort prediction model is verified and calibrated by using the actual thermal comfort of the measured person, the accuracy and the reliability of the machine learning model are improved, and the model can be repeatedly used after being trained;
in this embodiment, a machine learning prediction model of thermal comfort is established by using a random forest algorithm, and 70 groups of data are randomly extracted as a training set for model training: the input value is the sex, age and skin temperature of the tested person, and the output value is the thermal comfort of the tested person. In this embodiment, gender includes male and female, and is a two-classification variable; dividing the age into one age group according to every tenth year, and taking seven classification variables (which can also be used as continuous variables); the skin temperature is measured by an infrared thermal imager, and is accurate to one bit behind a decimal point, wherein the unit is centigrade; the thermal comfort level may be a graded index, in this case three classification variables: cold, comfortable and hot. And taking the rest 30 groups of data as a verification data set, verifying and calibrating the thermal comfort prediction model through the actual thermal comfort of the tested person, wherein the prediction precision of the model can reach 86.21%.
S4, capturing facial images of indoor personnel through a thermal infrared imager in an actual building, extracting skin temperature, age and gender by using the models in the steps S2 and S3, further judging the thermal comfort of the human body, and correspondingly regulating and controlling individual thermal comfort systems such as regional air conditioners and fans based on the predicted thermal comfort of the human body, so that the indoor thermal environment is appropriate, and energy conservation and emission reduction are promoted while the thermal comfort is ensured.
In this embodiment, several prediction results are shown in fig. 2, and if the comfort level is predicted to be colder, the heaters (such as heating) in the environment are turned on; if the comfort level is predicted to be hot, a refrigerator (such as an electric fan) in the environment is turned on; if comfort is predicted, maintaining an existing configuration in the environment; the heating ventilation and air conditioning flexible regulation and control are realized through the steps, so that the energy consumption and the carbon emission are reduced as far as possible while the heat comfort is ensured.
The embodiment also provides an indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control system based on infrared thermal imaging, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor calls the computer program to execute the steps of the indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An indoor human body thermal comfort intelligent regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the face infrared thermal imaging and the skin temperature of an indoor measured person from a measured environment;
extracting the age and the sex of the detected person according to the facial infrared thermal imaging by adopting a pre-established and trained biological parameter extraction model;
adopting a pre-established and trained thermal comfort prediction model to predict the thermal comfort of the tested person according to the skin temperature, age and sex of the tested person;
and regulating and controlling the air conditioning system of the tested environment according to the predicted thermal comfort level.
2. The intelligent indoor human body thermal comfort regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological parameter extraction model is constructed based on a convolutional neural network.
3. The intelligent indoor human body thermal comfort regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermal comfort prediction model is constructed based on a machine learning model.
4. The intelligent indoor human body thermal comfort regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the training process of the thermal comfort prediction model comprises:
and selecting a training set to train the thermal comfort prediction model, wherein in the training process, the input value of the thermal comfort prediction model is the sex, age and skin temperature of the tested person, and the output value is the thermal comfort of the tested person.
5. The intelligent indoor human body thermal comfort regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the skin temperature is the facial forehead center point temperature of the subject.
6. The intelligent indoor human body thermal comfort regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the facial infrared thermal imaging and skin temperature are obtained by a thermal infrared imager.
7. The intelligent indoor human body thermal comfort regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermal comfort level is a grading index including cold, comfortable and hot.
8. The intelligent indoor human body thermal comfort regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging as claimed in claim 7, wherein the air conditioning system comprises a heater and a refrigerator.
9. The intelligent indoor human body thermal comfort regulation and control method based on infrared thermal imaging as claimed in claim 8, wherein the regulation and control process of the air conditioning system is specifically as follows: if the thermal comfort degree is cold, the heater is opened; if the thermal comfort degree is a bias heat, the refrigerator is turned on; if the thermal comfort level is comfortable, the existing configuration of the tested environment is maintained.
10. An intelligent indoor human body thermal comfort regulation and control system based on infrared thermal imaging is characterized by comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor calls the computer program to execute the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN115930384A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-04-07 | 中国海洋大学 | Intelligent air conditioner control device and control method using reinforcement learning and thermal imaging |
| CN115930384B (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-06-06 | 中国海洋大学 | Intelligent air conditioner control equipment and control method using reinforcement learning and thermal imaging |
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