CN114958301A - Carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin loaded wave-absorbing material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin loaded wave-absorbing material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of wave-absorbing materials, and particularly relates to a carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin loaded wave-absorbing material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The carbon nano tube/Ni porphyrin loaded wave-absorbing material is a three-dimensional network structure formed by interweaving one-dimensional tubes, and the fiber consists of a CNTs matrix and a Ni-TAPP loading thin layer, wherein the Ni-TAPP loading thin layer is distributed on the surface of the CNTs matrix. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing Ni-TAPP with a DMF solution, and mixing CNTs with the DMF solution, and standing; (2) and (4) centrifugally cleaning, collecting and drying the reactants after standing to obtain the catalyst. The invention effectively compounds Ni-TAPP and CNTs in a nano scale, and the prepared material has excellent performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wave-absorbing materials, and particularly relates to a carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin loaded wave-absorbing material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The information disclosed in this background of the invention is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
In recent years, light-weight high-performance Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention due to their unique advantages over conventional metallic electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. However, the carbon nanotubes have a dielectric constant too high, which results in poor impedance matching between the carbon material and air, and thus poor electromagnetic wave absorption performance. To overcome this obstacle, it is a general idea to load magnetic particles of Fe, Co, Ni, and the like. However, the density of the loaded particles is, without exception, much higher than CNTs, resulting in a very high density of the composite. In addition, the complex preparation process and easy oxidation limit the further application. Therefore, the exploration of the light-weight and high-chemical-stability efficient carbon nanotube-based electromagnetic wave absorbing material is still a major challenge.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a carbon nano tube/Ni porphyrin loaded wave-absorbing material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention effectively compounds the CNTs and the Ni porphyrin material in a nano scale, and the prepared CNTs/Ni porphyrin loaded composite material has the characteristics of high absorption strength, thin matching thickness, light weight, strong oxidation resistance and the like.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention discloses the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a carbon nano tube/Ni porphyrin loaded wave-absorbing material in a first aspect.
The wave-absorbing material loaded by the carbon nano tube/Ni porphyrin is a three-dimensional net structure formed by mutually interweaving one-dimensional fibers, wherein the one-dimensional fibers consist of a carbon nano tube matrix and a 5,10,15, 20-tetra (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin nickel loading thin layer, and the 5,10,15, 20-tetra (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin nickel loading thin layer is distributed on the surface of the carbon nano tube matrix.
As a further technical scheme, in the wave-absorbing material, the weight percentage of Ni in the one-dimensional fiber is 0.03-0.23%. The load capacity (weight percentage) of the 5,10,15, 20-tetra (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin is 0.37 percent to 2.86 percent.
As a further technical scheme, in the wave-absorbing material, the length of the one-dimensional fiber is 10-30 μm, and the diameter is 10-20 nm.
Porphyrin and derivatives thereof have wide electron conjugation, stable central metal ions and structure cutting capacity, and are ideal candidate materials for developing wave-absorbing materials. After porphyrin is combined with CNTs, abundant heterogeneous structures can be formed at the interface, which is possibly more beneficial to the regulation and control of the CNTs electromagnetic parameters. In addition, the porphyrin derivative with the pi plane structure can construct a multidimensional heterostructure on a pi-electron plane of the carbon nanotube and generate close electric contact on the interface of the two.
The invention firstly and effectively combines porphyrin derivatives [5,10,15, 20-tetra (4-aminophenyl) nickel porphyrin, Ni-TAPP ] with CNTs under the drive of noncovalent pi-pi interaction through a simple self-assembly method. The minimum value of the Reflection Loss (RL) of the material is-66.5 dB (10.1GHz,1.9mm), and the filling rate is as low as 2.86%. The significant improvement in performance results from the structural and functional synergy, ensuring optimized impedance matching, reasonable conduction losses and enhanced interface polarization.
One of the characteristics of the wave-absorbing material prepared by the invention is as follows: the superior performance of Ni-TAPP @ CNTs compared to CNTs is due to the synergistic effect of Ni-TAPP and CNTs. First, CNTs, which have good conductivity, provide a long channel for the continuous flow of electrons, which may increase the conduction loss. Furthermore, CNTs can be easily constructed into three-dimensional conductive networks, which further increases the conduction losses and provides a route for the diffusion of the accumulated energy. Secondly, after Ni-TAPP is introduced to the surface of the carbon nano tube, the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs composite material can obtain proper conductivity due to the good semiconductor performance of porphyrin, and good impedance matching is realized and the conductive loss is optimized by utilizing the advantages of the carbon nano tube and the Ni-TAPP. The introduction of Ni-TAPP leads to the occurrence of magnetic losses including natural resonance or exchange resonance, which further leads to attenuation capabilities. Third, the porphyrin molecules provide monoatomic metal centers that are well dispersed and orderly distributed, effectively reducing metal loading. In addition, the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs nanotube with a special hollow structure and a three-dimensional network can improve the dielectric loss and promote multiple reflection and absorption.
The invention provides a preparation method of a carbon nano tube/Ni porphyrin loaded wave-absorbing material, which comprises the following steps:
dispersing carbon nanotubes in a DMF solution, and then soaking the dispersed carbon nanotubes in a Ni-TAPP DMF solution for 24 hours; and centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain the carbon nano tube/Ni porphyrin loaded wave-absorbing material.
And as a further technical scheme, centrifuging the reaction mixture at 10000rpm for 10min, washing the reaction mixture for 3-5 times by using DMF (dimethyl formamide) to remove redundant Ni-TAPP, and drying to obtain the CNTs loaded with the Ni-TAPP.
As a further technical scheme, the different loading amounts of Ni-TAPP in the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs are controlled by controlling the concentration of the added Ni-TAPP solution in DMF, and the concentration can be 0.1-10mg/mL, and further 1-2 mg/mL.
As a further technical scheme, the carbon nano tubes are dispersed in a DMF solution, and the concentration of the carbon nano tubes in the DMF solution is 0.1-1.2 mg/mL.
As a further technical scheme, the carbon nano tube is dispersed in DMF under the condition that 20mg of the carbon nano tube is dispersed in 4mL of DMF solution, and the ultrasonic action is carried out for 3 hours.
As a further technical scheme, the reaction mixture is centrifuged at 10000rpm for 10 min.
As a further technical scheme, the drying condition of the carbon nano tube is vacuum drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃.
The principle of the preparation method is pi-pi interaction driven in-situ self-assembly.
The invention utilizes the self-assembly method to prepare the composite material loaded by the hollow carbon nano tube, and constructs the mutually interlaced net structure, the microstructure can provide larger specific surface area and long-range electric conduction loss, is favorable for multiple reflection and multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves, and is favorable for further improving the absorption performance of the electromagnetic waves; meanwhile, the mutually interwoven mesh structure can effectively introduce air, reduce the relative dielectric constant of the material and be beneficial to improving the impedance matching performance of the material.
The invention provides a carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin loaded electromagnetic wave absorber, which is compounded by paraffin and the carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin loaded wave-absorbing material prepared by the invention. Preferably, the paraffin accounts for 90 wt%, and the carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin-loaded wave-absorbing material accounts for 10 wt%.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides applications of the carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin loaded wave absorbing material and the carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin loaded electromagnetic wave absorber in a radio communication system, high frequency prevention, microwave heating equipment, construction of a microwave darkroom, stealth technology and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared by the invention has various loss characteristics, has excellent impedance matching performance and unique micro-morphology, can keep a proper dielectric constant in a high-frequency range, and has very excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance.
(2) The carbon nano tube has the characteristic of light weight, and the loaded porphyrin material has low density and low load capacity, so that the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared by the method can be used for preparing a light and thin electromagnetic wave absorber.
(3) The Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared by the invention has excellent impedance matching performance; the prepared absorber has effective absorption frequency bandwidth reaching 6.8GHz under single matching thickness.
(4) The Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared by the invention has uniform size and strong oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance.
(5) The preparation process is simple and does not need complex hardware equipment. Meanwhile, the manufacturing cost is low, and the method is very suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an XRD diffraction pattern of the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared in embodiment 1 of the invention.
FIG. 4 is an electromagnetic wave absorption curve of the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared in embodiment 1 of the invention.
FIG. 5 is an electromagnetic wave absorption curve of the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared in test example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an electromagnetic wave absorption curve of the unloaded CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared in experimental example 2 of the invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described above, CNTs as a conductive loss type carbonaceous wave-absorbing material cannot provide appropriate dielectric polarization loss and magnetic loss, and thus the loss performance is not high enough. It is known from the impedance matching condition in the electromagnetic wave absorption theory that it is difficult to satisfy the impedance matching condition by only a single carbon material, and it is also difficult to obtain excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance, which limits further development and application thereof. Therefore, the invention provides a Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof; the invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Example 1
A preparation method of a Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material comprises the following steps:
20mg of CNTs were dispersed in 4mL of DMF solution, sonicated for 3h, and then the dispersed CNTs were soaked in 2mg/mL of Ni-TAPP in DMF for 24 h. And centrifuging the reaction mixture at 10000rpm for 10min, washing the reaction mixture for 3-5 times by using DMF (dimethyl formamide) to remove redundant Ni-TAPP, and drying the reaction mixture for 12h in vacuum at 90 ℃ to obtain Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-2.
Example 2
A preparation method of a Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material comprises the following steps:
20mg of CNTs were dispersed in 4mL of DMF solution, sonicated for 3h, and then the dispersed CNTs were soaked in 1mg/mL of Ni-TAPP in DMF for 24 h. And centrifuging the reaction mixture at 10000rpm for 10min, washing the reaction mixture for 3-5 times by using DMF (dimethyl formamide) to remove redundant Ni-TAPP (nickel-titanium-titanate-Polypropylene), and drying the reaction mixture for 12h in vacuum at 90 ℃ to obtain Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-1.
Test example 1
A preparation method of an unloaded CNTs wave-absorbing material comprises the following steps:
CNTs are reagent grade, used in accordance with the materials received, and are available from XFINANO Inc/Co. (10-30 μm in length, 10-20nm in diameter).
And (3) performance testing:
(1) the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared in example 1 is observed under SEM and TEM, and the results are respectively shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and it can be seen that: after Ni-TAPP is loaded, Ni-TAPP @ CNTs still have a tubular shape, and the MWCNTs of the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-2 hybrid material are uniformly coated with a growing Ni-TAPP thin-layer nanoshell. Furthermore, no diffraction rings were found in the TEM image, indicating that the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs had no crystallinity at all.
(2) XRD test is carried out on the Ni-TAPP @ CNTs wave-absorbing material prepared in the example 1, and the result is shown in figure 3, which shows that: all the original carbon nanotubes Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-1 and Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-2 have a common characteristic peak of about 25.8 degrees at the 2 theta value, and the characteristic peak belongs to the characteristic diffraction peak of hexagonal graphite of a carbon nanotube (002) plane. Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-1 and Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-2 have a broad peak at 21.29 ° 2 θ, which is due to the pi-pi stacking distance between the porphyrin ring and the carbon nanotube. In addition, the XRD pattern of Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-2 shows a relatively weak peak at 19.16 ° 2 θ, which is refracted by the (300) plane of TAPP, indicating a long-range ordered distribution of the molecule along this direction.
(3) The Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-1 and Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-2 prepared in example 1 were subjected to inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) test, and the Ni mass ratio (wt.%) of Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-1 and Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-2 was 0.03% and 0.23%, respectively, so that the porphyrin loading mass ratio was calculated to be 0.37% and 2.86%, respectively.
(4) The Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-2 wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment 1 and paraffin are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:9 and then pressed into an annular absorber sample (D) Outer cover ×d Inner part Xh is 7 × 3.04 × 2.0mm), the relevant parameters are measured by an Agilent Technologies E8363A electromagnetic wave vector network analyzer, the electromagnetic wave absorption curve of the absorber is shown in fig. 4, the matching thickness is 1.9mm, the maximum absorption intensity is reached at the frequency of 10.1GHz, and the reflection loss is-66.5 dB, which indicates that the sample has extremely strong electromagnetic wave loss capability.
(5) The Ni-TAPP @ CNTs-1 wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment 2 and paraffin are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:9 and then pressed into an annular absorber sample (D) Outer cover ×d Inner part Xh ═ 7 × 3.04 × 2.0mm), the relevant parameter epsilon r And mu r The electromagnetic wave vector network analyzer of Agilent Technologies E8363A shows that the absorption curve of the absorber is shown in FIG. 5, and it can be seen that, due to the reduction of Ni-TAPP loading, although the material maintains a certain absorption strength, the anti-matching performance of the material is deteriorated, the matching thickness is obviously improved, the application of the material in the aspect of electromagnetic wave absorption is limited, but the absorption band under larger thickness is widened, so that the material can be applied to a small number of special fields.
(6) The unloaded MWCNTs wave-absorbing material prepared in the test example 1 and paraffin are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:9 and pressed into an annular absorber sample (D) Outer cover ×d Inner part Xh ═ 7 × 3.04 × 2.0mm), the relevant parameter epsilon r And mu r The electromagnetic wave vector network analyzer of Agilent Technologies E8363A shows that the absorption curve of the absorber is as shown in FIG. 6, and it can be seen that the material has a greatly reduced absorption strength due to the lack of Ni-TAPP loading, but the material has a further deteriorated anti-matching performance, and a further increased matching thickness, which is not favorable for the absorption of electromagnetic waves, and greatly limits the application of the material in the aspect of electromagnetic wave absorption.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The CNTs/Ni porphyrin-loaded wave-absorbing material is characterized in that the CNTs/Ni porphyrin-loaded wave-absorbing material is a three-dimensional network structure formed by mutually interweaving one-dimensional fibers, the one-dimensional fibers are composed of a carbon nano tube matrix and a 5,10,15, 20-tetra (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin nickel loaded thin layer, and the 5,10,15, 20-tetra (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin nickel loaded thin layer is distributed on the surface of the carbon nano tube matrix.
2. The CNTs/Ni porphyrin-loaded wave-absorbing material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the one-dimensional fiber, the weight percentage of Ni is 0.03% -0.23%; the weight percentage of the 5,10,15, 20-tetra (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin is 0.37 percent to 2.86 percent.
3. The CNTs/Ni porphyrin-loaded wave-absorbing material of claim 1, wherein the length of the one-dimensional fiber is 10-30 μm, and the diameter is 10-20 nm.
4. The method for preparing a CNTs/Ni porphyrin-loaded wave-absorbing material according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
dispersing carbon nanotubes in a DMF solution, and then soaking the dispersed carbon nanotubes in the DMF solution of 5,10,15, 20-tetra (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin nickel for 24 hours; and centrifuging, cleaning and drying the reaction mixture to obtain the CNTs/Ni porphyrin-loaded wave-absorbing material.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the centrifugation is carried out at 10000rpm for 10 min; the cleaning is carried out for 3-5 times by using DMF.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the concentration of the Ni-TAPP solution in DMF is 0.1-10mg/mL, further 1-2 mg/mL.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the concentration of the carbon nanotubes in the DMF solution is 0.1-1.2 mg/mL; preferably, the carbon nanotubes are dispersed in DMF under the condition that 20mg of the carbon nanotubes are dispersed in 4mL of DMF solution and subjected to ultrasonic action for 3 hours.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the carbon nanotube is dried under vacuum at 90 ℃ for 12 hours.
9. A carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin loaded electromagnetic wave absorber is characterized in that the carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin loaded electromagnetic wave absorber is compounded by paraffin and the CNTs/Ni porphyrin loaded wave-absorbing material of any one of claims 1-3.
10. The use of CNTs/Ni porphyrin loaded absorbing material according to any of claims 1-3 and/or the carbon nanotube/Ni porphyrin loaded electromagnetic wave absorber according to claim 9 in telecommunications systems, high frequency protection, microwave heating equipment, construction of microwave dark rooms, stealth technologies, etc.
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