CN114957572B - Imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114957572B
CN114957572B CN202210393160.1A CN202210393160A CN114957572B CN 114957572 B CN114957572 B CN 114957572B CN 202210393160 A CN202210393160 A CN 202210393160A CN 114957572 B CN114957572 B CN 114957572B
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谭业邦
颜玉涵
吴若楠
李星星
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Abstract

The invention provides an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer and a preparation method and application thereof. The imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer has a chemical structure shown in a formula (I). The preparation method comprises the steps of synthesizing a quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method, and enabling long-chain fatty amine and the quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer to undergo a Schiff base reaction to obtain the imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer. The imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer has a certain viscosity reducing effect, can be used as a thick oil viscosity reducer, and reduces the viscosity of thick oil.

Description

Imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of viscosity reduction of thickened oil.
Background
Petroleum is an important energy material, and the processed petroleum can be used as high-value products such as liquid fuel, solvent, lubricant and the like. However, as the total amount of oil and gas energy consumption becomes larger, conventional oil and gas reserves and production have been reduced year by year in recent years.
The main problem of thick oil exploitation is that the viscosity of thick oil is too high and the thick oil is difficult to transport. In order to solve the problem of high viscosity of thick oil, many viscosity reduction methods have been developed, including physical viscosity reduction methods such as thermal recovery and dilution, and chemical viscosity reduction methods such as catalytic cracking and addition of chemical additives. However, the traditional viscosity reducer has the problems of large dosage of the viscosity reducer, high energy consumption, low viscosity reduction efficiency and the like. The emulsification viscosity reduction technology uses functional molecules as a thick oil viscosity reducer, and the viscosity reduction method has low cost and obvious effect and is one of the key points of the current viscosity reduction research. However, the conventional emulsification viscosity reduction still has some problems, wherein one of the problems is that the formation condition of a heavy oil reservoir is mostly high temperature and high salt, and the presence of the salt generally influences the emulsification capacity of the solution; the current research on the emulsification and viscosity reduction performance of the thick oil emulsification and viscosity reduction agent is mainly carried out in pure water, and the research on the emulsification and viscosity reduction performance in brine is less.
Therefore, the thick oil viscosity reducer with low development cost, small dosage, salt resistance and good viscosity reducing effect becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer and a preparation method and application thereof. The imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer prepared by the invention has a certain viscosity reduction effect, can be used as a thick oil viscosity reducer, and can reduce the viscosity of thick oil.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer has a chemical structure shown in a formula (I):
Figure GDA0003746123290000021
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wherein a+b=30 to 50, y=40 to 150, and the substituent R is C 6 H 13 、C 8 H 17 Or C 10 H 21 。
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the structure of formula (i), a+b=40 and y=85.
According to the invention, in the diacetone acrylamide structural unit, the fatty amine modified structural unit and the unmodified structural unit are arranged randomly.
The preparation method of the imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer comprises the following steps:
(1) Reacting dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide with 1-bromohexane to obtain a compound of formula II;
Figure GDA0003746123290000022
(2) In a solvent A and in the presence of an initiator 1, monomer diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) and a compound of a formula III react to obtain a polymer of a formula IV;
Figure GDA0003746123290000023
wherein, in the polymer of formula IV, x=30 to 50;
(3) In a solvent B and in the presence of an initiator 2, reacting a compound of a formula II with a polymer of a formula IV to obtain a polymer of a formula V;
Figure GDA0003746123290000031
wherein, in the polymer of formula V, x=30-50, y=40-150;
(4) In a solvent C, the polymer of the formula V and fatty amine react to obtain the imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step (1), the molar ratio of dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide to 1-bromohexane is from 1:1.5 to 1:2.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide and 1-bromohexane are reacted at a temperature of 25-35 ℃, preferably 30 ℃; the reaction is carried out under the protection of inert gas, preferably nitrogen or argon. The reaction time is 24 to 48 hours, preferably 36 hours.
According to the present invention, in the step (1), the post-treatment method of the reaction liquid obtained by the reaction of dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide and 1-bromohexane can be carried out according to the prior art. Preferably, the post-treatment method of the reaction liquid obtained by the reaction of the dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide and the 1-bromohexane is as follows: separating excessive 1-bromohexane from the reaction liquid, and then obtaining a white solid crude product through freeze drying; the crude product is washed by diethyl ether, then dissolved in dichloromethane, extracted by water and freeze-dried to obtain the compound of the formula II.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the solvent a is Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol or methanol, preferably Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); the volume ratio of the mass of the monomer diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) to the solvent A is 0.1-1g/mL.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step (2), the initiator 1 is Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or Azobisisoheptonitrile (ABVN), preferably Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN); the mass of the initiator 1 is 0.1-1% of the mass of the monomer diacetone acrylamide (DAAM).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step (2), the molar ratio of monomeric diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) to the compound of formula III is from 30:1 to 100:1, preferably 50:1.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step (2), the reaction temperature of the monomeric diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) and the compound of formula III is 60-80 ℃, preferably 70 ℃; the reaction is carried out under the protection of inert gas, preferably nitrogen or argon. The reaction time is 3 to 8 hours, preferably 5 hours.
According to the invention, in step (2), the method for working up the reaction mixture obtained by reacting the monomer diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) with the compound of the formula III can be carried out according to the prior art. Preferably, the post-treatment method of the reaction solution obtained by reacting the monomer diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) with the compound of formula III is as follows: adding deionized water into the reaction solution until light yellow viscous solid appears; filtering, washing the obtained precipitate with deionized water, and freeze-drying to obtain the polymer of formula IV.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), the solvent B is Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), methanol or ethanol, preferably Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); the mass ratio of the compound of the formula II to the solvent B is 0.1-1g/mL.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step (3), the initiator 2 is Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or Azobisisoheptonitrile (ABVN), preferably Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN); the mass of the initiator 2 is 0.1 to 1% of the mass of the compound of formula II.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step (3), the molar ratio of the compound of formula II to the compound of formula III in step (2) is from 40:1 to 200:1.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step (3), the reaction temperature of the compound of formula II and the polymer of formula IV is 60-80 ℃, preferably 70 ℃; the reaction is carried out under the protection of inert gas, preferably nitrogen or argon. The reaction time is 3 to 8 hours, preferably 5 hours.
According to the invention, in step (3), the reaction mixture obtained by reacting the compound of formula II with the polymer of formula IV may be worked up by the methods known in the art. Preferably, the method for working up the reaction mixture obtained by reacting the compound of formula II with the polymer of formula IV is as follows: the obtained reaction liquid is dialyzed and dried in vacuum to obtain the polymer of the formula V.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (4), the solvent C is deionized water, caCl 2 Aqueous solution, mgCl 2 Water-soluble or aqueous NaCl solution; the polymerization of VThe mass to volume ratio of the solvent C is 0.0005-0.005g/mL.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (4), the aliphatic amine is one or a combination of two or more of n-hexylamine, octylamine and decylamine, preferably n-hexylamine.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step (4), the molar ratio of fatty amine to compound of formula III in step (2) is from 1 to 7:1.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step (4), the reaction temperature of the fatty amine with the polymer of formula V is 20-30℃and preferably 25 ℃. The reaction time is 12-28h.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step (4), the reaction mixture obtained by reacting the fatty amine with the polymer of formula V may be worked up by the methods known in the art.
The application of the imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer is used as a thickened oil viscosity reducer to reduce the viscosity of thickened oil.
The preparation route of the invention is as follows:
Figure GDA0003746123290000051
the invention has the technical characteristics and beneficial effects that:
1. the quaternary ammonium salt monomer is modified and then introduced into a polymer to prepare a hydrophilic segment, the synthesis of the amphiphilic block polymer is carried out by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method, and then the imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block copolymer is obtained by fatty amine modification.
The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is widely applicable to various monomers, has mild reaction conditions and is applicable to various polymerization systems, thereby becoming an important method for synthesizing block copolymers. The preparation method selects a proper reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer reagent to play a key role in the whole reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization process, and the preparation method selects a water-soluble reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer reagent (III) to effectively polymerize two monomers, and has mild reaction conditions and good controllability.
2. According to the invention, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide and bromohexane are selected for reaction to introduce alkyl, so that the quaternary ammonium salt monomer with six alkyl chains is synthesized, and the water solubility of the polymer can be increased. The formula III of the invention is used as a water-soluble reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer reagent, can effectively polymerize two monomers, and has mild reaction conditions and better controllability. The diacetone acrylamide is selected as a functional monomer to react with fatty amine, so that the length of a molecular chain can be increased, and the friction resistance between the molecular chains is increased to improve the hydrophobicity. The alkyl long chain of the fatty amine can interact with the base oil, so that good compatibility between the viscosity reducer and the thick oil is ensured, and the formed hydrophobic association can effectively interact with the thick oil to destroy hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking structures between asphaltene and colloid in the thick oil, thereby fundamentally reducing the viscosity of the thick oil. The invention adopts diacetone acrylamide, 1-bromohexane, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide and the like as monomers, and uses fatty amine for modification to form an amphiphilic surfactant, so that the development cost is low; through the regulation and control of the polar groups and the hydrophobic groups, the polymer can be dissociated with the thick oil, can effectively reduce the viscosity of the thick oil, has excellent salt tolerance, and can realize an excellent viscosity reduction effect with a small amount.
3. The polymer with the structure and the performance can be prepared by using the monomer with the specific structure (such as fatty amine and the like), combining the specific monomer dosage and combining the preparation method, and all groups and conditions play a role in a combined way to realize the excellent effect of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of a block copolymer type V polymer (a) and an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer (b) obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of the block copolymer type V polymer (a) and the imine bond-modified quaternary ammonium salt-type amphiphilic block polymer (b) obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated, but not limited, by the following examples.
Meanwhile, the experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents, materials, and apparatus, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available.
Example 1
A preparation method of an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer comprises the following steps:
7.14g (0.05 mol) of dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide and 15g (0.09 mol) of 1-bromohexane were charged into a round bottom flask and mixed well. At N 2 Stirring was carried out at 30℃for 36 hours under an atmosphere. Pouring out excessive 1-bromohexane (the product is solid, the 1-bromohexane is easy to separate), and freeze-drying to obtain a white solid crude product; the crude product was washed with diethyl ether, poured into dichloromethane and extracted three times with water and the aqueous solution was lyophilized to give the compound of formula II as a white powder in 96% yield.
In a 10mL polymerization flask was charged the monomer diacetone acrylamide DAAM:0.4231g (0.0025 mol), RAFT reagent BCT (compound of formula III): 0.0126g (0.00005 mol), initiator AIBN 0.00164g, solvent DMSO 2mL, and high purity N after uniform mixing 2 Deoxygenation for 30min, and then stirring at 70 ℃ for reaction for 5h. The reaction was terminated by cooling with ice water, excess ultrapure water was added to the resulting reaction solution until a pale yellow viscous solid appeared, filtration was carried out, the resulting precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water, and the resulting solid was freeze-dried. The polymer of formula IV was obtained in 90% yield.
1.125g of the polymer of the formula IV of the total macromolecular chain transfer agent prepared above, 1.207g (0.005 mol) of the compound of the formula II, 0.00164g of initiator AIBN and 4mL of solvent DMSO are added into a 10mL polymerization tube and uniformly mixed; by high purity N 2 Deoxidizing for 30min, and then heating to 70deg.C, N 2 The reaction was stirred under protection for 5h. The reaction was terminated by cooling with ice water. Dialyzing with absolute ethanol, vacuum drying to remove solvent completely to obtain yellowish white solid, and obtaining block copolymer type V polymer (ADA) 85 -DAAM 40 ) The yield was 70%.
0.02g of the polymer of formula V (ADA) prepared as described above 85 -DAAM 40 ) Adding 20 mu L (0.00015 mol) of n-hexylamine, dissolving in 20mL of deionized water, fully dissolving under stirring, and reacting at 25 ℃ for 24h to obtain the water-soluble N-hexylamine compound with the concentration of 1000ppm of an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer (A2-HA) solution. The above reaction needs to be stable at 25 ℃ for 24 hours to ensure that the system reaches reaction equilibrium. Because the reaction to form the imine bond is reversible, the formula V polymer and the fatty amine in the system are not completely converted, and for convenience, the concentration of the obtained imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer solution is expressed as the initial concentration of the formula V polymer. The obtained imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer solution can be separated according to the prior art to obtain the imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer.
1. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum characterization
To identify whether the synthesized product matches the structure of the designed product, the structure of the product of example 1 was determined by Bruker AVANCE 400MHz NMR and the results of the determination are shown in FIG. 1. Wherein graph b (imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer), δ: terminal methyl peak at 0.8ppm, δ:3.3ppm peak for N-linked methyl group, delta: the peak of the long alkyl chain was in the vicinity of 1.28ppm, and at the same time, the double bond peak in the olefin disappeared, indicating that the monomer in the polymer had been removed, whereby it can be seen that both monomers ADA (compound of formula II) and DAAM were incorporated into the polymer.
Wherein FIG. a (Block copolymer type V Polymer (ADA) 85 -DAAM 40 ) The H on the methylene adjacent to the n=c bond after modification is shifted by δ: characteristic peaks, δ, appear at 2.7 ppm: peak splitting also occurred at 0.9ppm, demonstrating the appearance of a new methyl peak of long alkyl chain, δ: a new peak appears at 1.5ppm and analysis can be seen as a characteristic peak of methylene in long chain alkyl groups on fatty amines, 1H NMR spectrum analysis indicated that the polymer had been modified.
Calculated, the product prepared in this example had the structural formula a+b=40 and y=85.
2. Characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy
The structure of the product of example 1 was measured by a Tensor27 type Fourier transform infrared spectrometer from Burker, germany, and the measurement result is shown in FIG. 2. Wherein FIG. a is a block copolymer type V polymer (ADA 85 -DAAM 40 Infrared image of (a) imageb is an infrared diagram of the imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer. 3100cm -1 The nearby-C=C-absorption peak did not appear, demonstrating the absence of monomer, 3419cm -1 The position is N-H telescopic vibration peak, 1645cm -1 As a-C=O stretching vibration peak on the amide, it was confirmed that an amide group was introduced, 1112cm -1 C-C stretching vibration peak at-C=O, 1462cm -1 In the vicinity of the C-H bending vibration peak, the presence of methyl groups was confirmed, and it was found that both the monomers ADA and DAAM were incorporated into the polymer. The polymer with different fatty amines has an FTIR spectrum of 1690cm compared with ADA-DAAM -1 A new characteristic absorption peak appears at the position, which is a stretching vibration peak of-C=N-in the imine bond. Further indicating the formation of imine bonds in the solution. By combining fig. 1 and fig. 2, it can be obtained that the target product has been synthesized.
Example 2
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: the fatty amine used was octylamine in an amount of 25. Mu.L (0.00015 mol); other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 3
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: the fatty amine used was decylamine in an amount of 30. Mu.L (0.00015 mol); other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 4
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: the amount of n-hexylamine used was 10. Mu.L (0.00008 mol); other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 5
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: the amount of n-hexylamine used was 15. Mu.L (0.00012 mol); other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 6
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: the amount of n-hexylamine used was 30. Mu.L (0.00025 mol); other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 7
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: the amount of n-hexylamine used was 40. Mu.L (0.00035 mol); other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 8
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: the amount of the compound of formula II used was 2.414g (0.01 mol), giving a block copolymer of formula V with ADA 115 -DAAM 40 . Other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 9
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: the amount of the compound of formula II used was 1.818g (0.0075 mol), giving a block copolymer of formula V with ADA 85 -DAAM 40 . Other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 10
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: the amount of the compound of formula II used was 0.4231g (0.002 mol), giving a block copolymer of formula V with ADA 30 -DAAM 40 . Other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 11
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: polymers of formula V (ADA) 85 -DAAM 40 ) Fully dissolving and stirring the mixture and n-hexylamine in deionized water, wherein the reaction time is 12h. Other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 12
Preparation method of imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer as described in example 1, differentIs as follows: polymers of formula V (ADA) 85 -DAAM 40 ) Fully dissolving and stirring the mixture and n-hexylamine in deionized water, wherein the reaction time is 28h. Other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 13
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: changing deionized water into 2000mg/L CaCl 2 Aqueous solutions, i.e. polymers of formula V (ADA 85 -DAAM 40 ) N-hexylamine was dissolved in 20mL2000mg/L CaCl 2 In an aqueous solution. Other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 14
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: changing deionized water into 2000mg/L MgCl 2 Aqueous solutions, i.e. polymers of formula V (ADA 85 -DAAM 40 ) N-hexylamine was dissolved in 20ml of MgCl 2000mg/L 2 An aqueous solution. Other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Example 15
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: deionized water was changed to 5000mg/L of NaCl aqueous solution, i.e., the polymer of formula V (ADA 85 -DAAM 40 ) N-hexylamine was dissolved in 20ml of 5000mg/L NaCl aqueous solution. Other steps and conditions were consistent with example 1.
Comparative example 1
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 1, except that: the fatty amine modification step was omitted, and the other steps and conditions were the same as in example 1 to obtain a block copolymer type V polymer (ADA) 85 -DAAM 40 )。
Comparative example 2
A method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer, as described in example 10, except that: the fatty amine modification step was omitted and the other steps and conditions were identical to those of example 10 to give a block copolymerPolymer type V Polymer (ADA) 30 -DAAM 40 )。
Test examples
Viscosity reduction test
The imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer solution with the concentration of 1000ppm prepared in the examples and the comparative examples is taken and prepared according to the thick oil: the mass ratio of the polymer solution is 7:3, heating at 50deg.C for 1 hr, and testing the viscosity of the oil-water mixture at 50deg.C with viscometer, wherein the viscosity of crude oil is 23150mPa.s, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 comparison of the viscosities of the products of examples and comparative examples
Figure GDA0003746123290000101
Compared with the polymer before modification, the fatty amine modified amphiphilic block copolymer prepared by the embodiment of the invention can reduce the viscosity of thick oil and can be used as a thick oil viscosity reducer. In addition, the series of viscosity reducers also show better salt tolerance, and in three salt solutions, the viscosity reducers still show better viscosity reduction effect. Wherein, when the fatty amine alkyl chain is six carbons, the viscosity reduction effect of the prepared imine bond modified amphiphilic block polymer is optimal.
Although the embodiments disclosed in the present application are described above, the embodiments are only used for facilitating understanding of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art to which this application pertains will be able to make any modifications and variations in form and detail of implementation without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, but the scope of the application is still subject to the scope of the claims appended hereto.

Claims (10)

1. The imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer is characterized in that the chemical structure is shown as a formula (I):
Figure FDA0004071459750000011
wherein a+b=30 to 50, y=40 to 150, and the substituent R is C 6 H 13 、C 8 H 17 Or C 10 H 21 。
2. The imine bond-modified quaternary ammonium salt-based amphiphilic block polymer according to claim 1, wherein a+b=40 and y=85 in the structure represented by formula (i).
3. The method for preparing the imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Reacting dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide with 1-bromohexane to obtain a compound of formula II;
Figure FDA0004071459750000012
(2) In a solvent A and in the presence of an initiator 1, monomer diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) and a compound of a formula III react to obtain a polymer of a formula IV;
Figure FDA0004071459750000013
wherein, in the polymer of formula IV, x=30 to 50;
(3) In a solvent B and in the presence of an initiator 2, reacting a compound of a formula II with a polymer of a formula IV to obtain a polymer of a formula V;
Figure FDA0004071459750000021
wherein, in the polymer of formula V, x=30-50, y=40-150;
(4) In a solvent C, the polymer of the formula V and fatty amine react to obtain the imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer.
4. The method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer according to claim 3, wherein in step (1), one or more of the following conditions are included:
i. the molar ratio of the dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide to the 1-bromohexane is 1:1.5-1:2;
ii. The reaction temperature of the dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide and the 1-bromohexane is 25-35 ℃; the reaction is carried out under the protection of inert gas, and the inert gas is nitrogen or argon; the reaction time is 24-48h.
5. The method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer according to claim 3, wherein in step (2), one or more of the following conditions are included:
i. the solvent A is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol or methanol; the volume ratio of the mass of the monomer diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) to the solvent A is 0.1-1g/mL;
ii. The initiator 1 is Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or Azobisisoheptonitrile (ABVN); the mass of the initiator 1 is 0.1-1% of the mass of the monomer diacetone acrylamide (DAAM);
III, a molar ratio of monomeric diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) to the compound of formula III of 30:1 to 100:1;
iv, the reaction temperature of the monomer diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) and the compound of the formula III is 60-80 ℃; the reaction is carried out in the protection of inert gas, and the inert gas is nitrogen or argon; the reaction time is 3-8h.
6. The method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer according to claim 3, wherein in step (3), one or more of the following conditions are included:
i. the solvent B is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol or ethanol; the volume ratio of the mass of the compound of the formula II to the solvent B is 0.1-1g/mL;
ii. The initiator 2 is Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or Azobisisoheptonitrile (ABVN); the mass of the initiator 2 is 0.1-1% of the mass of the compound of formula II;
III, the molar ratio of the compound of formula II to the compound of formula III in step (2) is from 40:1 to 200:1;
IV, the reaction temperature of the compound of the formula II and the polymer of the formula IV is 60-80 ℃; the reaction is carried out under the protection of inert gas, and the inert gas is nitrogen or argon; the reaction time is 3-8h.
7. The method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the solvent C is deionized water or CaCl 2 Aqueous solution, mgCl 2 Water-soluble or aqueous NaCl solution; the ratio of the mass of the polymer of formula V to the volume of the solvent C is 0.0005-0.005g/mL.
8. The method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer according to claim 3, wherein in step (4), one or more of the following conditions are included:
i. the fatty amine is one or the combination of more than two of n-hexylamine, octylamine or decylamine;
ii. The molar ratio of the fatty amine to the compound of formula III in step (2) is 1-7:1.
9. The method for preparing an imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt amphiphilic block polymer according to claim 3, wherein in step (4), the reaction temperature of the fatty amine and the polymer of formula V is 20-30 ℃; the reaction time is 12-28h.
10. The use of the imine bond modified quaternary ammonium salt type amphiphilic block polymer according to claim 1 as a viscosity reducer for thick oil to reduce the viscosity of thick oil.
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