CN114956059A - Temperature control and convection homogenization device and method for preparing graphene by electrochemically stripping graphite - Google Patents
Temperature control and convection homogenization device and method for preparing graphene by electrochemically stripping graphite Download PDFInfo
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
- C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
- C25B15/023—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production
- C25B15/025—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production of electrolyte parameters
- C25B15/027—Temperature
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- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of graphene preparation by electrochemical stripping, and provides a temperature control and convection homogenizing device and a method for preparing graphene by electrochemical stripping of graphite, wherein the device comprises an electrolytic bath, a graphite electrode for stripping, a first jet flow assembly, a second jet flow assembly, a first output pipe, a circulating pump and a pressure pump; the first jet flow assembly comprises a first jet flow main pipe and a first jet flow pipe, and the second jet flow assembly comprises a second jet flow main pipe, a second jet flow branch pipe and a second jet flow pipe spray head; the port of one end of the first output pipe is positioned at the bottom in the electrolytic bath, the other end of the first output pipe is connected with the liquid inlet of the circulating pump, the liquid outlet of the circulating pump is connected with the first interface of the three-way valve, the second interface of the three-way valve is connected with the first jet main pipe through a pipeline, the third interface of the three-way valve is connected with the pressure pump through a pipeline, and the pressure pump is connected with the second jet main pipe through a second backflow pipeline. The method ensures the temperature and concentration of the electrolyte at each position in the cell to be uniform, and improves the batch stability and quality reliability of the graphene product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of graphene preparation by electrochemical stripping, in particular to a temperature control and convection homogenizing device and method for preparing graphene by electrochemical stripping of graphite.
Background
The graphene is formed from a single layer sp 2 A honeycomb hexagonal plane two-dimensional crystal formed by arranging hybridized carbon atoms, and sp is arranged on the two-dimensional plane 2 The hybridized carbon atom is connected with three adjacent carbon atoms through strong sigma bonds, the rest P electron orbitals are vertical to the plane of the graphene and form large pi bonds with surrounding atoms, so that the graphene has good electric and thermal conductivity and mechanical properties, and the electron mobility is as high as 200,000cm 2 V.s, electric conductivity up to 106S/m, heat conductivity up to 5000W/m.K and strength up to 130 GPa. Due to the excellent characteristics of the graphene, the graphene has great potential application prospects in the fields of optoelectronic devices, chemical power sources (such as solar batteries and lithium ion batteries), gas sensors, antistatic and heat dissipation materials and the like. This requires that the graphene be of sufficient quality and be producible on a large scale.
However, the preparation of graphene currently presents a great challenge for industrial application. Firstly, a high-quality graphene material can be obtained by a method for preparing graphene by a small-molecule thermal decomposition carbon atom recombination growth method, such as a chemical vapor deposition technology and an epitaxial growth method, but the method has the advantages of low yield, high energy consumption, difficult transfer, high technical threshold, more application of products in the field of graphene films and limited wide application of scale; secondly, in the method for obtaining the graphene material by stripping graphite, except for a micro-mechanical stripping method, a chemical oxidation-reduction method and liquid phase stripping can prepare graphene on a large scale, but a large number of oxygen-containing groups are connected to a graphene sheet layer by the chemical oxidation-reduction method, so that a large number of structural defects are caused, the electric and heat conducting properties of the graphene are greatly reduced, and a large number of strong oxidizing reagents and toxic reagents with strong reducibility are used in the preparation process, so that the environment protection is not facilitated. The liquid phase stripping method can obtain high-quality graphene materials, strong acid or strong oxidant is not used, but the solvent and the auxiliary agent used in the stripping process are not easy to remove, and the product has small sheet diameter, low yield, low efficiency, large pollution and high cost. The prior art has the problems that graphite and a compound which takes carboxylic acid or carbonyl as an additive undergo a local or intercalation reaction, the boundary of the graphite is functionalized or forms intercalated graphite, and then graphite is stripped by a ball milling or ultrasonic method to obtain high-quality graphene.
Aiming at the current situation of the prior art, the graphene material has high quality, low yield and high cost, or has low quality, high yield and heavy pollution, the graphene industry development urgently needs a large-scale, high-quality, low-cost, green and pollution-free preparation technology, and the bottleneck of the graphene material can be broken through. The electrochemical method for preparing graphene is one of possible approaches. Compared with the redox method, the electrochemical method does not need strong oxidant, and replaces the strong oxidant with the electric field intercalation stripping; compared with chemical vapor deposition, the yield of electrochemistry is far greater than that of a vapor deposition technology, the technical threshold is low, and the quality of graphene is easy to regulate and control; the yield of electrochemical stripping can exceed 90% compared to yields of less than 5% for liquid phase stripping. However, in the process of preparing graphene in a large scale by using an electrochemical method, partial electric energy and chemical energy are inevitably converted into heat energy, so that the temperature of an electrolytic cell cannot be continuously stabilized and fluctuates, the batch consistency and stability of stripping are affected, the production is not facilitated, and the batch consistency and stability of products are also affected by concentration difference polarization between electrodes in the electrolytic process. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a temperature control and convection homogenization device for electrochemical stripping preparation of an array graphite electrode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a temperature control and convection homogenizing device for preparing graphene by electrochemically stripping graphite, which has the characteristic of strict temperature control, can realize the rapid homogenization of the temperature of main electrolyte and electrode side electrolyte in an electrolytic cell, and can reduce the concentration difference polarization between electrodes in the cell, thereby ensuring the batch consistency and product stability of graphene stripping.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a temperature control and convection homogenizing device for preparing graphene by electrochemically stripping graphite comprises an electrolytic bath body, a plurality of stripping graphite electrodes, a first jet flow assembly, a second jet flow assembly, a first output pipe, a circulating pump and a pressure pump; the plurality of graphite electrodes for stripping are arranged in the electrolytic bath in parallel, and adjacent graphite electrodes for stripping form an interval; the first jet flow assembly comprises a first jet flow main pipe and a first jet flow pipe, the first jet flow main pipe is transversely arranged along one side wall in the electrolytic bath, the side wall is parallel to the connecting lines of the plurality of graphite electrodes for stripping, the first jet flow main pipe is connected at intervals at the same side and communicated with the plurality of first jet flow pipes, one ends of the plurality of first jet flow pipes, which are far away from the first jet flow main pipe, extend upwards and then bend downwards to form hook-shaped bent pipes, and the pipe orifices of the first jet flow pipes, which are far away from the first jet flow main pipe, face the electrolytic bath; the second jet flow component comprises a second jet flow main pipe, second jet flow branch pipes and second jet flow pipe spray heads, the second jet flow main pipe is surrounded at the bottom of the electrolytic bath to form a square frame, two ends of a plurality of second jet flow branch pipes are connected to different sides of the second jet flow main pipe and communicated with the inside of the second jet flow main pipe, and a plurality of second jet flow pipe spray heads with upward spraying directions are respectively arranged on the second jet flow branch pipes; the one end port of first output tube is located the bottom in the electrolysis trough, and the inlet of circulating pump is connected to the other end, the liquid outlet of circulating pump passes through the first interface of pipe connection three way valve, the second interface of three way valve passes through first backflow pipeline and connects and communicate first jet manifold, the third interface of three way valve passes through pipe connection second backflow pipeline, and second backflow pipeline connects and communicates second jet manifold.
In the present invention, preferably, the apparatus further includes a transverse nozzle, the transverse nozzle is connected and communicated with the first jet main pipe, and the transverse nozzle is horizontally arranged.
In the present invention, preferably, the apparatus further comprises a central controller, the three-way valve is a three-way electromagnetic valve, and the central controller is respectively connected with the circulating pump and the three-way electromagnetic valve through circuit control.
In the present invention, preferably, the apparatus further comprises a temperature detection assembly, a central controller and a heat exchanger; the temperature detection assembly comprises a fixed frame, an electric telescopic rod and a temperature probe, wherein the fixed frame is positioned outside the electrolytic bath, the fixed end of the electric telescopic rod is rotatably installed on the fixed frame, the rotating direction is vertical, the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod is close to and extends above the electrolytic bath, and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod fixes the temperature probe through a mounting block; the temperature detection assemblies are provided with a plurality of groups, and each temperature probe is respectively positioned in an interval formed by adjacent graphite electrodes for stripping; the second port of the three-way valve is connected with a liquid inlet of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, a liquid outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with one end of a second backflow pipeline, a pressure pump is arranged on the second backflow pipeline, and a liquid outlet of the second backflow pipeline is connected and communicated with a second jet flow main pipe; the three-way valve is a three-way electromagnetic valve, and the central controller is respectively connected with the temperature probe, the electric telescopic rod, the heat exchanger, the pressure pump, the circulating pump and the three-way electromagnetic valve through circuit control.
In the present invention, preferably, the first return duct is a flexible pipe, and the first jet flow assembly is suspended and connected with the side wall of the electrolytic tank by a plurality of groups of suspension assemblies with different heights, so that the first jet flow assembly can be suspended at different heights of the electrolytic tank.
In the present invention, preferably, the first jet pipe is of a swingable structure, and is driven by the first driving assembly to swing horizontally.
In the present invention, preferably, the second nozzle is of a swingable structure, and the second driving assembly drives the second nozzle to change the spraying direction.
In the invention, preferably, the transverse spray pipe is of a swinging structure, and the spray direction is driven to change by the third driving assembly.
In the present invention, preferably, the first driving assembly includes a first motor, a first crank shaft, a first connecting block, a second connecting block, a movable rod, and a connecting rod; the first jet flow pipe is formed by connecting a vertical part and a hook-shaped part, the vertical part and the hook-shaped part are in sealed rotary connection and are communicated, the rotary direction of the hook-shaped part is the horizontal direction, the hook-shaped part is connected with one end of a connecting rod through a connecting piece, the one end of the connecting rod is movably hinged with the connecting piece, the other ends of the connecting rods are fixedly connected with the same movable rod, a first connecting block is movably sleeved on the outer side of the movable rod, the first connecting block is fixedly connected with a bent section of a first crankshaft rod, one end of the first crankshaft rod is connected with an output shaft of a first motor and is driven by the first motor to rotate in the horizontal direction, and the other end of the first crankshaft rod is rotatably connected to a second connecting block; the first motor is arranged on the electrolytic bath or arranged outside the electrolytic bath through a first motor bracket; the second connecting block is fixed on the first motor bracket or the electrolytic bath; the first motor is electrically connected with the central controller.
In the invention, preferably, the lower end of the second jet pipe nozzle is a spherical pipe, a circular groove matched with the spherical pipe is arranged on the second jet branch pipe, and the lower end of the second jet pipe nozzle is rotatably arranged in the circular groove on the second jet branch pipe through the spherical pipe; the second driving assembly comprises a power grid, a second crankshaft rod and a second motor, the power grid consists of an outer frame and a plurality of division bars connected in the outer frame, each division bar is provided with a power hole, the power grid is movably placed on the second jet pipes, and the nozzles of each second jet pipe are sleeved on the inner side of one power hole; the bent section of the second crankshaft rod is fixedly connected with the outer frame of the power grid, the upper end of the second crankshaft rod is connected with an output shaft of a second motor and is driven by the second motor to rotate in the horizontal direction, and the lower end of the second crankshaft rod is rotatably connected to a third connecting block; the second motor is fixed on the electrolytic bath or fixed outside the electrolytic bath through a second motor bracket; the third connecting block is fixed in the electrolytic tank; the second motor is electrically connected with the central controller.
In the invention, preferably, one end of the transverse jet pipe is a spherical pipe, a circular groove matched with the spherical pipe is arranged on the inner side of the other end of the first jet main pipe, and the transverse jet pipe is rotatably arranged in the circular groove at the other end of the first jet main pipe through the spherical pipe; the third driving assembly comprises a third motor bracket, a hydraulic rod, a third motor and a third crankshaft rod; a fourth connecting block is fixedly arranged on the third motor support, a rotating support rod is hinged to the fourth connecting block, the rotating direction of the rotating support rod is vertical, a third motor is fixedly arranged on the rotating support rod, an output shaft of the third motor is connected with one end of a third crankshaft rod, and a bending end of the third crankshaft rod is fixedly connected with a transverse spray pipe; one end of the hydraulic rod is hinged with the third motor support, and the other end of the hydraulic rod is hinged with the rotating support rod; the third motor is electrically connected with the central controller; and the first jet main pipe or the transverse jet pipe is provided with a fluid control valve for controlling the flow of the transverse jet pipe, and the fluid control valve is electrically connected with the central controller.
In the invention, preferably, the inner side wall of the electrolytic cell is provided with fixed temperature probes which are fixed at different positions and different depths through hooks.
In the invention, preferably, an electrolyte buffer tank is arranged between the liquid outlet of the heat exchanger and the second jet flow main pipe, and the volume ratio of the buffer tank to the volume of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell is 1: 3.
In the present invention, preferably, a filter bag or a filter frame is covered outside each of the graphite electrodes for stripping, and the first jet flow pipe faces the inside of the filter bag or the filter frame away from the pipe orifice of the first jet flow header pipe.
The invention also provides a temperature control and convection homogenization method for preparing graphene by electrochemically stripping graphite, and the device is utilized, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
after the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell body is pumped out by the circulating pump, the electrolyte is shunted by the three-way valve, one part of the electrolyte is conveyed to the heat exchanger, and after heat exchange, the electrolyte flows back into the electrolytic cell body by the second jet main pipe to form upward fluid for homogenizing the electrolyte; the other part of the water flows back to the electrolytic cell directly through the first return pipe, the first jet flow main pipe and the first jet flow pipe and is used as main power and medium for convection in the electrolytic cell to form downward fluid; the output power can be directly increased or decreased by respectively adjusting the outlet valves of the circulating pump and the booster pump, so that the convection intensity in the electrolytic cell is controlled on the whole, the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell is homogenized, and the concentration range is reduced;
to the regulation and control of temperature, flexible through electric telescopic handle, temperature probe can remove, and measure the temperature variation of graphite electrode at different positions between each electrode of stripping process, fixed temperature probe can test the electrolyte temperature near the electrolysis trough lateral wall, central controller is after carrying out the comparison with each position, according to the size of each position temperature difference, can control the delivery flow of force (forcing) pump more accurately, the delivery flow of circulating pump, the work of heat exchanger, the switching of three way valve, the opening and closing of fluid control valve, thereby make the flow increase or the reduction of first spout pipe, the second spout pipe shower nozzle, horizontal sprinkling irrigation regulate and control the intensity of convection current, in order to realize quick fluid temperature and the quick homogenization of concentration.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the first jet flow assembly, the second jet flow assembly, the first output pipe and the circulating pump are arranged, so that the circulating homogenization of the electrolyte can be realized, after the electrolyte is divided by the three-way valve, a part of the electrolyte forms a downward flowing fluid when flowing back into the electrolytic cell, another part of the electrolyte forms an upward flowing fluid when flowing back, and the two parts can form stable convection of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell, so that the temperature and the concentration of the electrolyte are better homogenized.
2. The invention can monitor the temperature of the electrolyte at multiple points in the electrolytic cell by arranging the temperature detection component, the central controller and the heat exchanger, adjust the power of the circulating pump and the pressurizing pump to adjust the convection strength when the temperature difference exceeds a certain value, and heat or cool the electrolyte by the heat exchanger so as to more quickly realize the uniformity and temperature uniformity of the electrolyte.
3. According to the invention, the first jet flow assembly, the second jet flow assembly and the transverse spray pipe are arranged into a structure capable of adjusting the spray direction, so that the spray range can be further expanded, and the uniformity and the temperature uniformity of the electrolyte can be realized more quickly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall layout of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an electrolytic cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first jet assembly, a second jet assembly, a transverse nozzle and corresponding drive structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first driving assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a temperature detecting assembly according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a control schematic diagram in the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows the pH change of the electrolyte at a monitoring point before temperature control and convective homogenization are not performed;
FIG. 8 shows the pH change of the electrolyte at the same monitoring point after temperature control and convection homogenization;
FIG. 9 shows the temperature variation at a monitoring point before temperature control and convective homogenization are not performed;
FIG. 10 shows the temperature variation at the same monitoring point after temperature control and convection homogenization;
FIG. 11 shows the temperature variation of the electrolyzer at a certain point when the temperature control and homogenizing circulation system is continuously operated;
FIG. 12 shows the peeling effect of the pole pieces without temperature control and convective homogenization;
FIG. 13 shows the peeling effect of the pole pieces when turned on after temperature and convection homogenization.
1-an electrolytic cell body, 2-a graphite electrode, 3-a first jet flow assembly, 301-a first jet flow main pipe, 302-a first jet flow pipe, 4-a second jet flow assembly, 401-a second jet flow main pipe, 402-a second jet flow branch pipe, 403-a second jet flow pipe spray head, 404-a spherical pipe, 5-a fluid control valve, 6-a transverse spray pipe, 7-an electrode bearing rod, 8-a temperature detection assembly, 801-a fixed frame, 802-an electric telescopic rod, 803-a temperature probe, 9-a circulating pump, 10-a three-way valve, 11-a pressure pump, 12-a temperature display, 13-a fixed temperature probe, 14-a pipeline stop valve, 15-a heat exchanger, 16-a central controller and 17-a first output pipe, 18-first return conduit, 19-second return conduit, 20-filter frame, 21-first drive assembly, 2101-first motor, 2102-first connecting block, 2103-second connecting block, 2104-movable rod, 2105-connecting rod, 2106-first motor bracket, 2107-first crankshaft rod, 22-second drive assembly, 2201-power grid, 2202-second crankshaft rod, 2203-second motor, 2204-third connecting block, 2205-second motor bracket, 24-third drive assembly, 2401-third motor bracket, 2402-hydraulic rod, 2403-third motor, 2404-third motor rod, 2405-rotating fulcrum bar.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more clearly expressed, the invention will now be further described by way of specific examples.
The invention provides a temperature control and convection homogenizing device for preparing graphene by electrochemically stripping graphite, which realizes the homogenization of electrolyte concentration and temperature in the electrolytic process through structural improvement, thereby realizing the batch consistency and product stability of graphene products. The invention comprises an electrolytic bath body 1, a plurality of graphite electrodes 2 for stripping, a first jet flow assembly 3, a second jet flow assembly 4, a first output pipe 17, a circulating pump 9 and a pressure pump 11; the electrolytic cell body 1 of the invention is the existing product structure, including the electrolytic cell body 1, the electrolytic cell current conduction bus, the conductive terminal, the electrode bearing rod 7, the electrolytic cathode part, etc., the invention does not improve the existing part, the technicians in this field are familiar with the basic structure of the electrolytic cell capable of realizing electrochemical stripping, so the invention will not be described in detail, the drawings are for the clarity of the improved part of the invention, the technicians in this field should understand that the invention has all basic structures for realizing electrolysis. In the present invention, a plurality of graphite electrodes 2 for exfoliation are installed in parallel in an electrolytic cell via an electrode support bar 7, adjacent graphite electrodes 2 for exfoliation are spaced apart from each other, and an electrolysis cathode is provided between adjacent graphite electrodes 2 to form an electrolysis electrode pair. Referring to fig. 1-3, the improvement of the present invention lies in that the first jet flow assembly 3 comprises a first jet flow main pipe 301 and a first jet flow pipe 302, the first jet flow main pipe 301 is transversely arranged along a side wall in the electrolytic cell, the side wall is parallel to the connecting line of the plurality of graphite electrodes for stripping 2, the transverse arrangement does not necessarily need to be horizontal, the first jet flow main pipe 301 is connected and communicated with a plurality of first jet flow pipes 302 at intervals on the same side (particularly on the upper side), one end of the plurality of first jet flow pipes 302 far away from the first jet flow main pipe 301 extends upwards and bends downwards to form a hook-shaped bent pipe, the first jet flow pipe 302 far away from the pipe mouth of the first jet flow main pipe 301 faces into the electrolytic cell for feeding the electrolyte back into the electrolytic cell to form a fluid flowing downwards; the second jet flow assembly 4 comprises a second jet flow main pipe 401, a second jet flow branch pipe 402 and a second jet flow pipe spray head 403, the second jet flow main pipe 401 surrounds the bottom of the electrolytic cell to form a square frame shape, two ends of a plurality of second jet flow branch pipes 402 are connected to different sides of the second jet flow main pipe 401 and communicated with the interior of the second jet flow main pipe 401, two sides of the second jet flow branch pipes 402 can be connected to adjacent sides, more preferably to opposite sides of the square frame shape, each second jet flow branch pipe 402 is provided with a plurality of second jet flow pipe spray heads 403 with upward injection directions for injecting electrolyte upwards to form fluid flowing upwards, and the upward direction of the fluid flowing upwards can be vertical upwards, inclined upwards and the like; the port of one end of the first output pipe 17 is located at the bottom of the electrolytic bath, the other end of the first output pipe is connected with the liquid inlet of the circulating pump 9, the liquid outlet of the circulating pump 9 is connected with the first interface of the three-way valve 10, the second interface of the three-way valve 10 is connected and communicated with the first jet main pipe 301 through the first backflow pipeline 18, the third interface of the three-way valve 10 is connected and communicated with the second backflow pipeline 19 through a pipeline, and the second backflow pipeline 19 is connected and communicated with the second jet main pipe 401. Each pipe is provided with a pipe shut-off valve 14.
Through the arrangement, when electrochemical stripping is carried out, electrolyte is injected into the electrolytic cell to a preset liquid level, after the circulating pump 9 is started, the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell can enter the three-way valve 10 through the circulating pump 9 under the action of the circulating pump 9, the three-way valve 10 divides the electrolyte, a part of the electrolyte enters the first jet main pipe 301 through the first backflow pipeline 18, then enters the first jet pipe 302 through the first jet main pipe 301 and then flows back into the electrolytic cell to form a downward flowing fluid, the other part of the electrolyte passes through the pipeline and enters the second jet main pipe 401 through the second backflow pipeline 19, and then the electrolyte is sprayed upwards through the second jet pipe sprayer 403 to form an upward flowing fluid, so that the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell forms stable convection, and the temperature and the concentration of the electrolyte are better equalized. While the intensity of the convection can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the circulation pump 9.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present apparatus further comprises a transverse nozzle 6, the transverse nozzle 6 is connected and communicated with the first jet manifold 301, and the first jet manifold 301 or the transverse nozzle 6 is provided with a fluid control valve 5 for controlling the flow of the transverse nozzle 6; the transverse spray pipe 6 is horizontally arranged. When the circulating pump 9 works, the electrolyte flowing back in the first jet manifold 301 can also flow out through the transverse spray pipe 6, so that a horizontal flow is formed, the temperature and the concentration of the electrolyte are further promoted to be better homogenized, and the flow intensity of the fluid can be controlled by controlling the opening degree of the fluid control valve 5.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a temperature detection assembly 8, a central controller 16 and a heat exchanger 15; with reference to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 5, the temperature detecting assembly 8 includes a fixing frame 801, an electric telescopic rod 802 and a temperature probe 803, the fixing frame 801 is located outside the electrolytic cell, a fixed end of the electric telescopic rod 802 is rotatably mounted on the fixing frame 801, the rotating direction is a vertical direction, a telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 802 is close to and extends above the electrolytic cell, and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 802 fixes the temperature probe 803 through a mounting block; a plurality of groups of temperature detection assemblies 8 are arranged, and each temperature probe 803 is respectively positioned in an interval formed by adjacent graphite electrodes 2 for stripping; the second port of the three-way valve 10 is connected with the liquid inlet of the heat exchanger 15 through a pipeline, the liquid outlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected with one end of a second backflow pipeline 19, a booster pump 11 is arranged on the second backflow pipeline 19, and the liquid outlet of the second backflow pipeline 19 is connected with and communicated with a second jet flow header pipe 401; the three-way valve 10 is a three-way electromagnetic valve, the central controller 16 is respectively connected with the temperature probe 803, the electric telescopic rod 802, the heat exchanger 15, the booster pump 11, the circulating pump 9 and the three-way electromagnetic valve through circuit control, and the temperature is displayed through the temperature display 13.
Through the above arrangement, when electrochemical stripping is carried out, the temperature of the electrolyte is measured in real time by the temperature probe 803, the electric telescopic rod 802 can rapidly move the temperature probe 803 to the two sides and the middle position of the electrode by extension or shortening, the temperature change of different parts between each electrode in the stripping process of the graphite electrode 2 for measurement stripping is realized, the PLC central controller 16 is enabled to collect accurate temperature values of each part, when the temperature difference is large, the central controller 16 increases the convection strength of the electrolyte by controlling the power of the pressure pump 11 and the circulating pump 9, and therefore the temperature and the concentration of the electrolyte are rapidly homogenized. Meanwhile, the PLC central controller 16 controls the speed of the heat exchanger 15 for exchanging the temperature of the electrolyte according to the temperature value, thereby accelerating temperature equalization. For example, when the temperature of the electrode side is high, the central controller 16 controls the power of the pressure pump 11 and the circulating pump 9 to increase the strength of the electrolyte convection, controls the heat exchanger 15 to cool the electrolyte, and can make the temperature uniform through the heat exchange mode after the cooled electrolyte enters the electrolytic cell through the first spray pipe 302. Based on this, the invention also prefers to fix the fixed temperature probe 13 on the different positions and different depths of the inner side wall of the electrolytic cell by the hook, the fixed temperature probe 13 is electrically connected with the central controller 16, thereby the temperature of the electrolyte near the side wall of the electrolytic cell can be tested, and the temperature situation of more points can be known, after comparing all parts, the central controller 16 can more accurately control the power of the pressure pump 11 and the circulating pump 9 and the work of the heat exchanger 15, and the electrolyte can be more quickly homogenized.
In the invention, an electrolyte buffer tank (not shown) is arranged between the liquid outlet of the heat exchanger 15 and the second jet main pipe 401, and the volume ratio of the buffer tank to the volume of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell is 1: 3; the electrode liquid entering the buffer tank from the heat exchanger 15 is used for cooling the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell, and the temperature is 15-25 ℃ lower than the temperature in the electrolytic cell.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the exterior of each of the stripping graphite electrodes 2 is covered with a filter bag or filter frame 20, and the first jet pipe 302 faces away from the orifice of the first jet manifold 301 into the filter bag or filter frame 20. Through the arrangement, a turbulent layer with strong convection can be formed on the surface of the graphite electrode 2 by the fluid injected by the first jet pipe 302, and the uniformity and the temperature homogenization of the surface of the electrode can be quickly realized.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the first jet pipe 302 is of a swingable structure, and is driven by the first driving assembly 21 to swing horizontally. Preferably, the first drive assembly 21 includes a first motor 2101, a first crank shaft 2107, a first linkage block 2102, a second linkage block 2103, a movable rod 2104, and a linkage 2105; the first jet pipe 302 is formed by connecting a vertical part and a hook-shaped part, the vertical part and the hook-shaped part are in sealed rotary connection and are communicated, the rotary direction is the horizontal direction, the hook-shaped part is connected with one end of a connecting rod 2105 through a connecting piece, the one end of the connecting rod 2105 is movably hinged with the connecting piece, the other ends of the connecting rods 2105 are fixedly connected with a same movable rod 2104, a first connecting block 2102 is movably sleeved outside the movable rod 2104, the first connecting block 2102 is fixedly connected with a bent section of a first crankshaft 2107, one end of the first crankshaft 2107 is connected with an output shaft of a first motor 2101, the first crankshaft 2107 is driven by the first motor 2101 to rotate in the horizontal direction, and the other end of the first crankshaft 2107 is rotatably connected to a second connecting block 2103; the first motor 2101 is arranged on the electrolytic bath or outside the electrolytic bath through a first motor bracket 2106; the second connecting block 2103 is fixed on the first motor bracket 2106 or the electrolytic cell. Through this setting, at first motor 2101 during operation, the output shaft drives first bent axle pole 2107 horizontal rotation to drive first linkage block 2102, movable rod 2104 and connecting rod 2105 and do circular motion respectively, thereby drive hook-like part and carry out horizontal swing, can remove the spout position on the horizontal plane, increase the spray regime of electrolyte, promote the homogeneity and the temperature homogenization of electrolyte more fast. The first motor 2101 is electrically connected to the central controller 16 through a circuit, so that automatic adjustment can be further realized.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the second nozzle head 403 is of a swingable structure, and the second driving assembly 22 drives the second nozzle head to change the spraying direction. Preferably, the lower end of the second jet pipe nozzle 403 is a spherical pipe, a circular groove matched with the spherical pipe is arranged on the second jet branch pipe 402, the lower end of the second jet pipe nozzle 403 is rotatably installed in the circular groove on the second jet branch pipe 402 through the spherical pipe, and a sealing gasket can be arranged at the joint of the spherical pipe and the circular groove to enhance the sealing effect; the second driving assembly 22 comprises a power grid 2201, a second crankshaft 2202 and a second motor 2203, the power grid 2201 comprises an outer frame and a plurality of parting beads connected in the outer frame, each parting bead is provided with a power hole, the power grid 2201 is movably placed on the second jet pipe, and each second jet pipe nozzle 403 is sleeved on the inner side of one power hole; the bent section of the second crankshaft rod 2202 is movably connected with the outer frame of the power grid 2201, the upper end of the second crankshaft rod 2202 is connected with the output shaft of a second motor 2203 and the second motor drives the second crankshaft rod 2202 to rotate in the horizontal direction, and the lower end of the second crankshaft rod 2202 is rotatably connected to a third connecting block 2204; the second motor 2203 is fixed on the electrolytic bath or outside the electrolytic bath through a second motor bracket 2205; the third connecting block 2204 is fixed in the electrolytic tank. Through the arrangement, when the second motor 2203 works, the output shaft drives the second crankshaft 2202 to horizontally rotate, so that the power grid 2201 is driven to do circular motion, the upper part of the second jet pipe nozzle 403 is driven to do circular motion, the injection direction of the nozzle can be adjusted in the three-dimensional direction in the electrolytic tank, the injection range of the electrolyte is enlarged, and the uniformity and the temperature uniformity of the electrolyte are promoted more quickly. The second motor 2203 is electrically connected with the central controller 16 through a circuit, so that automatic adjustment can be further realized.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the transverse nozzle 6 is of a swingable structure, and the change of the spraying direction is driven by the third driving assembly 24. Preferably, one end of the transverse spray pipe 6 is a spherical pipe, a circular groove matched with the spherical pipe is arranged on the inner side of the other end of the first jet main pipe 301, and the transverse spray pipe 6 is rotatably installed in the circular groove at the other end of the first jet main pipe 301 through the spherical pipe; the third drive assembly 24 comprises a third motor bracket 2401, a hydraulic rod 2402, a third motor 2403 and a third crankshaft rod 2404; a fourth connecting block is fixedly arranged on the third motor support 2401, the fourth connecting block is hinged with a rotating support rod 2405, the rotating direction of the rotating support rod 2405 is vertical, a third motor 2403 is fixedly arranged on the rotating support rod 2405, an output shaft of the third motor 2403 is connected with one end of a third crankshaft rod 2404, and a bent end of the third crankshaft rod 2404 is fixedly connected with a transverse spray pipe 6; one end of the hydraulic rod 2402 is hinged with the third motor bracket 2401, and the other end is hinged with the rotating support rod 2405. Through the arrangement, when the third motor 2403 works, only reciprocating rotation of less than 180 degrees is carried out, the output shaft drives the third crankshaft rod 2404 to reciprocate, so that the bent section of the third crankshaft rod 2404 drives the transverse spray pipe 6 to horizontally swing, and the spray direction of the transverse spray pipe 6 can be adjusted in a three-dimensional direction in the electrolytic cell; when the hydraulic rod 2402 stretches, the vertical position of the third motor 2403 can be driven to change, so that the vertical position of the third crankshaft rod 2404 and the horizontal spray pipe 6 can also be driven to change; thus, the spraying range of the electrolyte can be enlarged, and the uniformity and temperature uniformity of the electrolyte can be promoted more quickly. The third motor 2403 is electrically connected to the central controller 16 through a circuit, so that automatic adjustment can be further realized.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the first return pipe 18 is a hose, and the first jet assembly 3 is suspended and connected to the side wall of the electrolytic cell by a plurality of sets of suspension assemblies with different heights, so that the first jet assembly 3 can be suspended at different heights of the electrolytic cell. Correspondingly, the first motor support 2106 is configured to be lifted and lowered correspondingly. Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the above, the bottom of the first motor support 2106 is connected to the movable end of the electric lifting rod, the fixed end of the electric lifting rod is fixed on a base, and the first motor support 2106 is slidably connected to the sliding grooves on two sides of the base to keep the structure stable.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the first jet main pipe 301 and the second jet main pipe 401 of the electrolytic cell are respectively provided with an independent fluid delivery pump, and the fluid delivery amount of the circulating pump 9 of the first jet main pipe 301 is far larger than that of the pressurizing pump 11 of the second jet main pipe 401. In general, after the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell body 1 is pumped out by the circulating pump 9, the electrolyte is divided by the three-way valve 10, and then a part of the electrolyte is conveyed to the heat exchanger, and after heat exchange, the electrolyte is returned to the electrolytic cell body 1 by the second jet main pipe 401, so that upward fluid is formed to homogenize the electrolyte; the other part directly returns to the electrolytic cell through a first return pipe, a first jet manifold 301 and a first jet pipe 302 to be used as main power and medium for convection in the cell to form downward fluid; the output power can be directly increased or decreased by respectively adjusting the outlet valves of the circulating pump 9 and the booster pump 11, thereby controlling the convection intensity in the electrolytic cell as a whole, enabling the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell to be uniform and reducing the concentration range.
For the regulation and control of the temperature, through the flexible of the electric telescopic pole 802, the temperature probe 803 can be moved, and measure the temperature change of different positions between every electrode of graphite electrode 2 in the course of stripping, the fixed temperature probe 13 can test the temperature of electrolyte near the sidewall of the electrolytic cell, the central controller 16, after comparing every position, according to the magnitude of the temperature difference of every position, can control the delivery flux of the forcing pump 11, the delivery flux of the circulating pump 9, the work of the heat exchanger 15, the opening and closing of the three-way valve 10, the opening and closing of the fluid control valve 5 more accurately, thus make the first jet flow pipe 302, the second jet flow pipe shower nozzle 403, the flowrate of the horizontal sprinkling irrigation increase or reduce and regulate and control the intensity of convection current, in order to realize the fast homogenization of fluid temperature and concentration.
The device is adopted to perform electrochemical graphite stripping to prepare graphene, the change condition of the pH of the electrolyte is shown in figure 7 before temperature control and convection homogenization are not performed, and the change condition of the pH of the electrolyte after temperature control and convection homogenization is shown in figure 8; the vertical axis represents the pH value, and the horizontal axis represents time, so that the pH value of the electrolyte at the same monitoring point has smaller floating range and more stable and uniform electrolyte property after temperature control and convection homogenization are carried out by adopting the device.
Before temperature control and convection homogenization are not carried out, the temperature change condition of each monitoring point is shown in figure 9, after temperature control and convection homogenization, the temperature change condition of a certain monitoring point is shown in figure 10, and when the temperature control circulating system continuously runs, the temperature change condition of an electrolytic cell at a certain point is shown in figure 11; it can be seen that after the device of the invention is adopted for temperature control and convection homogenization, the fluctuation range of the electrolyte temperature at the same monitoring point is smaller, and the electrolyte temperature is more stable and uniform.
Under the condition of not carrying out temperature control and convection homogenization, the stripping effect of the pole piece is shown in figure 12, and the stripping effect of the pole piece when the slot-releasing temperature control system is opened is shown in figure 13. It can be seen that by temperature control and convective homogenization, uniform stability of product properties can be improved.
The results of random sampling comparison of stripping of the production electrodes with or without the temperature control system of the electrolytic cell are shown in table 1, and it can be seen that the stripping is more uniform, and the phenomena of fragmentation and slag falling are reduced through temperature control and convection homogenization.
TABLE 1
The comparison result of the oxygen content of the produced material sampled and tested when the temperature control system is available in the electrolytic cell is shown in the table 2, and the product performance is more stable through temperature control and convection homogenization.
TABLE 2
In summary, compared with the conventional device, the device of the present invention can promote the uniformity of the electrolyte and the temperature uniformity more quickly, and can reduce the concentration difference polarization between electrodes in the cell, thereby ensuring the batch consistency and product stability of graphene stripping.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. Electrochemistry is peeled off graphite preparation graphite alkene and is used accuse temperature and convection current homogeneous device, its characterized in that: comprises an electrolytic bath body, a plurality of graphite electrodes for stripping, a first jet flow assembly, a second jet flow assembly, a first output pipe, a circulating pump and a pressure pump; the plurality of graphite electrodes for stripping are arranged in the electrolytic bath in parallel, and adjacent graphite electrodes for stripping form an interval; the first jet flow assembly comprises a first jet flow main pipe and a first jet flow pipe, the first jet flow main pipe is transversely arranged along one side wall in the electrolytic bath, the side wall is parallel to the connecting lines of the plurality of graphite electrodes for stripping, the same side of the first jet flow main pipe is connected at intervals and communicated with the plurality of first jet flow pipes, one ends of the plurality of first jet flow pipes, which are far away from the first jet flow main pipe, extend upwards and then bend downwards to form hook-shaped bent pipes, and the pipe orifices of the first jet flow pipes, which are far away from the first jet flow main pipe, face the electrolytic bath; the second jet flow assembly comprises a second jet flow main pipe, second jet flow branch pipes and second jet flow pipe spray heads, the second jet flow main pipe is surrounded at the bottom of the electrolytic cell to form a square frame shape, two ends of the plurality of second jet flow branch pipes are connected to different sides of the second jet flow main pipe and communicated with the inside of the second jet flow main pipe, and the second jet flow branch pipes are respectively provided with the second jet flow pipe spray heads with upward jet directions; the device comprises an electrolytic bath, a circulating pump, a first outlet pipe, a second outlet pipe, a third inlet pipe, a third outlet pipe, a first backflow pipe and a second backflow pipe, wherein the first outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic bath, the other end of the first outlet pipe is connected with a liquid inlet of the circulating pump, a liquid outlet of the circulating pump is connected with a first interface of a three-way valve, a second interface of the three-way valve is connected with and communicated with the first jet main pipe through the first backflow pipe, a third interface of the three-way valve is connected with the second backflow pipe through a pipe, and the second backflow pipe is connected with and communicated with the second jet main pipe.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the horizontal jet pipe is connected and communicated with the first jet main pipe and is horizontally arranged.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the three-way electromagnetic valve is a three-way electromagnetic valve, and the central controller is respectively connected with the circulating pump and the three-way electromagnetic valve through circuit control.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the system also comprises a temperature detection assembly, a central controller and a heat exchanger; the temperature detection assembly comprises a fixed frame, an electric telescopic rod and a temperature probe, wherein the fixed frame is positioned outside the electrolytic bath, the fixed end of the electric telescopic rod is rotatably installed on the fixed frame, the rotating direction is vertical, the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod is close to and extends above the electrolytic bath, and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod fixes the temperature probe through a mounting block; the temperature detection assemblies are provided with a plurality of groups, and each temperature probe is respectively positioned in an interval formed by adjacent graphite electrodes for stripping; the second port of the three-way valve is connected with a liquid inlet of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, a liquid outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with one end of a second backflow pipeline, a pressure pump is arranged on the second backflow pipeline, and a liquid outlet of the second backflow pipeline is connected and communicated with a second jet flow main pipe; the three-way valve is a three-way electromagnetic valve, and the central controller is respectively connected with the temperature probe, the electric telescopic rod, the heat exchanger, the pressure pump, the circulating pump and the three-way electromagnetic valve through circuit control.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the first jet flow assembly is connected with the side wall of the electrolytic bath in a hanging mode through a plurality of groups of hanging assemblies with different heights, so that the first jet flow assembly can be hung at different heights of the electrolytic bath.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the first jet pipe is of a swinging structure and is driven by the first driving assembly to swing horizontally.
7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the second jet pipe nozzle is of a swingable structure, and the second driving assembly drives the second jet pipe nozzle to change the jet direction.
8. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the transverse spray pipe is of a swinging structure, and the spray direction is driven to change by a third driving assembly.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the first driving assembly comprises a first motor, a first crankshaft rod, a first connecting block, a second connecting block, a movable rod and a connecting rod; the first jet flow pipe is formed by connecting a vertical part and a hook-shaped part, the vertical part and the hook-shaped part are in sealed rotary connection and are communicated, the rotary direction of the hook-shaped part is the horizontal direction, the hook-shaped part is connected with one end of a connecting rod through a connecting piece, the one end of the connecting rod is movably hinged with the connecting piece, the other ends of the connecting rods are fixedly connected with the same movable rod, a first connecting block is movably sleeved on the outer side of the movable rod, the first connecting block is fixedly connected with a bent section of a first crankshaft rod, one end of the first crankshaft rod is connected with an output shaft of a first motor and is driven by the first motor to rotate in the horizontal direction, and the other end of the first crankshaft rod is rotatably connected to a second connecting block; the first motor is arranged on the electrolytic bath or arranged outside the electrolytic bath through a first motor bracket; the second connecting block is fixed on the first motor bracket or the electrolytic cell; the first motor is electrically connected with the central controller.
10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the lower end of the second jet pipe nozzle is a spherical pipe, a circular groove matched with the spherical pipe is formed in the second jet branch pipe, and the lower end of the second jet pipe nozzle is rotatably installed in the circular groove in the second jet branch pipe through the spherical pipe; the second driving assembly comprises a power grid, a second crankshaft rod and a second motor, the power grid consists of an outer frame and a plurality of division bars connected in the outer frame, each division bar is provided with a power hole, the power grid is movably placed on the second jet pipes, and each second jet pipe nozzle is sleeved on the inner side of one power hole; the bent section of the second crankshaft rod is movably connected with the outer frame of the power grid, the upper end of the second crankshaft rod is connected with an output shaft of a second motor and is driven by the second motor to rotate in the horizontal direction, and the lower end of the second crankshaft rod is rotatably connected to a third connecting block; the second motor is fixed on the electrolytic bath or fixed outside the electrolytic bath through a second motor bracket; the third connecting block is fixed in the electrolytic tank; the second motor is electrically connected with the central controller.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein: one end of the transverse spray pipe is a spherical pipe, a circular groove matched with the spherical pipe is formed in the inner side of the other end of the first jet main pipe, and the transverse spray pipe is rotatably arranged in the circular groove in the other end of the first jet main pipe through the spherical pipe; the third driving assembly comprises a third motor bracket, a hydraulic rod, a third motor and a third crankshaft rod; a fourth connecting block is fixedly arranged on the third motor support, a rotating support rod is hinged to the fourth connecting block, the rotating direction of the rotating support rod is vertical, a third motor is fixedly arranged on the rotating support rod, an output shaft of the third motor is connected with one end of a third crankshaft rod, and a bending end of the third crankshaft rod is fixedly connected with a transverse spray pipe; one end of the hydraulic rod is hinged with the third motor support, and the other end of the hydraulic rod is hinged with the rotating support rod; the third motor is electrically connected with the central controller; and the first jet main pipe or the transverse jet pipe is provided with a fluid control valve for controlling the flow of the transverse jet pipe, and the fluid control valve is electrically connected with the central controller.
12. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the inner side wall of the electrolytic cell is provided with fixed temperature probes which are fixed at different positions and different depths through hooks.
13. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: an electrolyte buffer tank is arranged between the liquid outlet of the heat exchanger and the second jet flow main pipe, and the volume ratio of the buffer tank to the electrolyte in the electrolytic bath is 1: 3.
14. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: and the outer part of each graphite electrode for stripping is covered with a filter bag or a filter frame, and the first jet flow pipe is far away from the pipe orifice of the first jet flow main pipe and faces the inside of the filter bag or the filter frame.
15. A temperature control and convection homogenization method for preparing graphene by electrochemically stripping graphite, which is characterized in that the device of any one of claims 1 to 14 is utilized, and the specific method is as follows:
after the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell body is pumped out by the circulating pump, the electrolyte is shunted by the three-way valve, one part of the electrolyte is conveyed to the heat exchanger, and after heat exchange, the electrolyte flows back into the electrolytic cell body by the second jet main pipe to form upward fluid for homogenizing the electrolyte; the other part directly returns to the electrolytic cell through the first return pipe, the first jet flow main pipe and the first jet flow pipe and is used as main power and medium for convection in the cell to form downward fluid; the output power can be directly increased or decreased by respectively adjusting the outlet valves of the circulating pump and the booster pump, so that the convection intensity in the electrolytic cell is controlled on the whole, the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell is homogenized, and the concentration range is reduced;
to the regulation and control of temperature, flexible through electric telescopic handle, temperature probe can remove, and measure the temperature variation of graphite electrode at different positions between each electrode of stripping process, fixed temperature probe can test the electrolyte temperature near the electrolysis trough lateral wall, central controller is after carrying out the comparison with each position, according to the size of each position temperature difference, can control the delivery flow of force (forcing) pump more accurately, the delivery flow of circulating pump, the work of heat exchanger, the switching of three way valve, the opening and closing of fluid control valve, thereby make the flow increase or the reduction of first spout pipe, the second spout pipe shower nozzle, horizontal sprinkling irrigation regulate and control the intensity of convection current, in order to realize quick fluid temperature and the quick homogenization of concentration.
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