CN1149536C - 噪声抑制器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种噪声抑制器,包括:一个信噪比(SNR)确定器(16),一个频道增益确定器(18),一个增益平滑器(30)和一个乘法器(20)。信噪比(SNR)确定器确定所述输入信号的每个频道的信噪比;频道增益确定器确定每个第i个频道的频道增益γch(i);增益平滑器产生每个第i个频道的平滑增益;乘法器把所述输入信号的每个频道乘以与它相关联的平滑增益。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及到通过减少声谱来进行噪声抑制的方法。
背景技术
在语音通信系统中,通常音频噪声抑制的目的是利用从所需的语音信号中过滤掉环境的背景噪声,从而达到改进所需的音频或者语言信号的整个品质。在具有异常高的背景噪声的环境中,尤其需要这种语音增强方法。
现在来参考图1,它示出了一种采用频谱减少(或者是频谱的增益修正)的噪声抑制器。本噪声抑制器分别包括频域和时域转换器10和12,以及一个噪音衰减器14。
这个频域转换器10包括一个带通滤波器的库,其中带通滤波器把音频输入信号分成单独的频带。噪音衰减器14依照它们的噪音能量大小对特定的频带进行衰减。为了这么做,衰减器14包括一个估算值器16和一个频道增益确定器18。估算值器16对背景噪声和信号功率谱密度(PSDs)进行估算,以便产生每个频道中的语音的信噪比(SNR)。频道增益确定器18利用信噪比来计算每个单独频道的增益系数,并衰减每个频带。利用乘法器20,将每个频道中的信号乘以增益系数来进行衰减。通过转换器12对频道实行再结合,并转换回到时间域,从而产生一个已经抑制了噪音的信号。
例如,M.Berouti,R.Schwartz,和J.Makhoul所写的文章,"增强被噪声所干扰的语音",
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustic Speech Signal Processing,第208-211页,1979年4月,在这里参考它来讨论线性频谱衰减的方法。在本方法中,通过从有噪音的信号功率频谱中提取出噪音功率频谱来确定频道增益γch(i)。另外,采用了一个频谱基底(floor)β来防止增益递减到下级能带β|En(i)|。
按照下列方法来确定增益:
其中:
Ech(i)是对第i个频道中的被干扰的语音的大小进行的平滑的估算值,而En(i)是对第i个频道中的噪音大小进行的平滑的估算值。
图2示出了每个频道信噪比(SNR)的频道增益函数γch(i),它表示在频道增益单调增加之后,频道增益具有一个短的基底21。
不幸的是,当孤立的频谱峰值超出了对非常低信噪比的输入信号的噪音进行估算时,噪声抑制会导致残余的“音乐”噪音。
现在参考的图3A和3B,其中示出了一个输入信号中的典型的频道能量,以及随时间变化的线性频谱衰减和增益信号。图3A的能量信号显示了高能量语音峰22,在两个语音蜂之间是噪音23。相应于峰22,图3B的增益函数具有加强区域24,相应于原始能量信号中的噪音区域,在24之间有显著的波动25。在加强区域24中的增益导致可以清楚地听见峰22的高能量语音。然而波动25的增益与加强区域24的增益具有同样的整体强度,波动25的增益可以使音乐的噪音同样被清楚地听见。
下列文章和专利讨论了其它的噪声抑制算法和系统:
G.Whipple的“采用时间-频率滤波器的低残留噪声的语音增强”,Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustic Speech Signal Processing,第1卷,第5-8页,1994年,以及美国专利5,012,519和5,706,395。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于抑制音乐噪音的方法。本方法基于线性频谱衰减,但是包含了一个加权的增益校正机制来抑制音乐噪音,同时把对语音的影响最小化。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例,提供了一个噪声抑制器,它包括一个信噪比(SNR)确定器、一个频道增益确定器、一个增益平滑器以及一个乘法器。信噪比确定器确定了输入信号的每个频道的信噪比。频道增益确定器确定每个第i个频道的频道增益γch(i)。增益平滑器产生每个第i个频道的平滑增益
而乘法器把输入信号的每个频道乘上相关的平滑增益
另外,根据本发明的最佳实施例,忽略因子α的范围是在MAX ALFA和MIN ALFA之间,其根据是函数
其中,σ(i,m)是第i个频道的当前帧m的信噪比,并且SNR_DR是信噪比所允许的动态范围。例如,MAX_ALFA=1.0,MIN_ALFA=0.01,而SNR_DR=30dB。
此外,根据本发明的最佳实施例,忽略因子α被确定如下:
另外,根据本发明的最佳实施例,平滑增益被定义如下:
附图说明
通过下面结合附图的详细描述,可以更充分的理解和认识本发明,附图中:
图1是一个现有的噪声抑制器的示意图;
图2是一个示例图,说明了现有技术中每个信噪比的增益函数。
图3A和3B是示例图,表示输入信号的频道能量随时间的变化,以及相关的现有技术中线性频谱的衰减、增益函数随时间的变化;
图4是按照本发明的最佳实施例而构造和工作的、噪声抑制器的示意图,该噪声抑制器具有加权的增益平滑特性。
图5A是图3A的一个副本,是一个反映输入信号的频道能量随时间变化的示意图;
图5B和5C是随时间变化的增益忽略因子和平滑增益函数的示意图。
具体实施方式
现在参考图4,它反映了一个根据本发明的最佳实施例构造和操作的、具有加权的增益平滑特性的噪声抑制器。 本发明把一个加权的增益平滑器30增加到噪音衰减器中,在图1中标为14。相同的参考标号表示相同的部分。
申请者已经意识到,对于信噪比低的信号,频道增益确定器18没有正确地估算频道增益γch(i),它所作的不恰当判断会引起波动,从而导致音乐噪音。本发明的加权增益平滑器30使用先前增益值来平滑随时间变化的增益函数。对先前增益值的使用程度(“忽略因子”α)随着信噪比大小的函数而变化。
如果频道的信噪比低,则忽略因子α就高,以克服音乐噪音。如果频道的信噪比很高,则忽略因子α就低,可以对频道增益进行迅速更新。
忽略因子α被设置为信噪比的一个函数。根据函数
它的范围在MAX_ALFA和MIN_ALFA之间,其中,σ(i,m)是第i个频道的当前帧m的信噪比,SNR_DR是信噪比所允许的动态范围。例如,MAX_ALFA=1.0,MIN_ALFA=0.0 1,而SNR_DR=30dB。
本函数的具体形式是:
现在参照图5A、5B和5C,它们是表示随时间变化的图形。图5A是图3A的一个副本,表示出输入信号的频道能量,图5B示出了用于图5A中的输入信号的忽略因子α。图5C示出了用于图5A的输入信号的平滑增益信号
通过把平滑器30加到确定器18的输出端上,使增益函数变成一个随时间变化函数,取决于频道信噪比随时间的变化情况。图5C表示了平滑增益
在低增益活性区域42之间存在加强区域40。后者与噪音区域23相关联(图5A)。因此,就除去了现有技术中具有的增益波动25(图3B)。此外,加强区域40的形状与现有技术中加强区域24(图3B)的形状基本相似。因此,减少了音乐噪音(无波动25),同时又保留了语音(区域40的形状)的原有品质。
图5B表示了忽略因子α。在与噪音区域23相关联的周期中它波动得很厉害。因此忽略因子α吸收了现有技术中增益的波动25。
本技术领域中技术人员将理解到:本发明没有被上面所特别展示和描述的内容所限制。本发明的范围是由后面的权利要求来确定的。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于在输入信号中抑制噪音的噪声抑制器,包括:
一个信噪比(SNR)确定器,用于确定所述输入信号的每个频道的信噪比;
一个频道增益确定器,用于确定每个第i个频道的频道增益γch(i);
其中,根据函数
所述忽略因子α的范围在MAX_ALFA和MIN_ALFA之间,这里,σ(i,m)是第i个频道的当前帧m的信噪比,SNR_DR是信噪比所允许的动态范围。
2.根据权利要求1的噪声抑制器,其中,MAX_ALFA=1.0,MIN_ALFA=0.01,而SNR_DR=30dB。
3.根据权利要求1的噪声抑制器,其中,所述的忽略因子α确定如下:
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US09/102,739 US6088668A (en) | 1998-06-22 | 1998-06-22 | Noise suppressor having weighted gain smoothing |
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CN103544961B (zh) * | 2012-07-10 | 2017-12-19 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 语音信号处理方法及装置 |
CN105324982B (zh) | 2013-05-06 | 2018-10-12 | 波音频有限公司 | 用于抑制不需要的音频信号的方法和设备 |
CN105531759B (zh) | 2013-09-12 | 2019-11-26 | 杜比实验室特许公司 | 用于下混合音频内容的响度调整 |
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1998
- 1998-06-22 US US09/102,739 patent/US6088668A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1999-06-15 CN CNB998077178A patent/CN1149536C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-15 KR KR1020007014041A patent/KR20010052750A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-15 AU AU42880/99A patent/AU4288099A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-15 JP JP2000556364A patent/JP2002519719A/ja active Pending
- 1999-06-15 EP EP99957208A patent/EP1090382A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-06-15 CN CNB2003101026551A patent/CN100464509C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-15 WO PCT/IL1999/000325 patent/WO1999067774A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN101685638B (zh) * | 2008-09-25 | 2011-12-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种语音信号增强方法及装置 |
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KR20010052750A (ko) | 2001-06-25 |
US6317709B1 (en) | 2001-11-13 |
CN1307716A (zh) | 2001-08-08 |
EP1090382A4 (en) | 2003-02-26 |
AU4288099A (en) | 2000-01-10 |
WO1999067774A1 (en) | 1999-12-29 |
CN100464509C (zh) | 2009-02-25 |
CN1520069A (zh) | 2004-08-11 |
EP1090382A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
US6088668A (en) | 2000-07-11 |
JP2002519719A (ja) | 2002-07-02 |
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