CN114953429A - Preparation method of 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229920000431 shape-memory polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2055/00—Use of specific polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2023/00 - B29K2049/00, e.g. having a vinyl group, as moulding material
- B29K2055/02—ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- B29K2067/046—PLA, i.e. polylactic acid or polylactide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material. The method comprises the following steps: presetting a polymer sample object structure and presetting arrangement modes of different polymer structures; processing the three-dimensional modeling model by a preset slice based on a curing program to obtain a sliced format file of the three-dimensional modeling model; presetting the format file into a 3D printing system, presetting 3D printing parameters, and entering a 3D printing step based on a preset arrangement mode and preset three-dimensional modeling; the printed material is heated to a temperature above the Tn temperature to be endowed with a temporary shape, the preparation method can realize the compounding of various shape memory polymers, the preparation method is simple and easy to operate, the prepared material has a plurality of deformation temperatures, the recovery process of the shape memory is artificially controllable, and the shape memory deformation process of a plurality of stages can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of a 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material.
Background
3D prints and also calls additive manufacturing, is a rapid prototyping technique, and is different from waiting material to make and consumptive material manufacturing, and it is one kind and piles up the shaping with digital drive material successive layer, becomes traditional multi-dimensional manufacturing into the novel intelligent manufacturing technique of two-dimensional manufacturing. The technical bottleneck of heterogeneous material composite and functional gradient structure is broken through, the design thought is fundamentally changed, and the development of process-oriented design to performance-oriented design is promoted. The constraint of intelligent material structural design is removed to a certain extent by the rapid development of the 3D printing technology, so that the design and manufacture of a new generation of intelligent materials are more concentrated on morphological creativity and functional innovation.
Studies according to current trends indicate. The shape memory material is a stimulus response intelligent material, but a single shape memory material only has an initial permanent shape and a temporary shape, a sample only has a switch with reversible deformation, the multi-stage shape memory effect is difficult to realize, and the recovery process of the shape memory effect is uncontrollable, so that the application of the shape memory material is limited to a certain extent, and the further expansion of the functional characteristics of the shape memory polymer is also limited.
The multiple shape memory intelligent material is generally prepared by crosslinking or compounding multiple polymers, and the deformation temperatures of different polymers are different, so that the composite material has a plurality of deformable reversible switches, has the advantage of controllable multiple shape memory effects, and can meet more complex application requirements in intelligent equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material, aiming at solving the technical problems that how to effectively fuse a shape memory intelligent material with a 3D printing technology, and a plurality of shape memory polymers with different deformation temperatures are compounded to enable the prepared intelligent material to have a plurality of deformation temperatures and the characteristic of controllable multiple shape memory effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material comprises the following steps:
establishing a polymer material library for 3D printing through a computer-based curing program, and presetting a polymer sample physical structure and a configuration mode of different polymer structures;
wherein the arrangement mode is a layered or row shape;
secondly, presetting a sample object structure based on a preset polymer sample object structure and an arrangement mode of presetting different polymer structures, and constructing a three-dimensional building model capable of being printed in a 3D mode;
processing the three-dimensional modeling model by preset slices based on the curing program to obtain a sliced format file of the three-dimensional modeling model;
the format file is an STL format file;
step four, presetting the format file into a 3D printing system, presetting 3D printing parameters, and entering a 3D printing step based on a preset arrangement mode and a preset three-dimensional modeling;
step five, sequentially setting deformation temperatures of the selected polymers on the basis of the 3D printing system;
the deformation temperature is sequentially increased, when a preset forming temperature (Tn) is reached, a temporary shape is given to the intermediate product modeled by 3D printing, the temporary shape is fixed when the intermediate product is cooled to an initial heating temperature, and the material after the shape is given is gradually heated to the forming temperature (Tn) from the initial temperature, so that the staged multiple deformation is given;
wherein the temporary deformation time during shaping has a preset interval, and the preset interval is preset based on the time of the heating process.
Alternatively, the polymer material library is selected in the following manner:
the polymers have different deformation temperatures, and a plurality of the polymers have the property of shape change memory.
Optionally, the manner in which the materials are selected from the library of polymeric materials comprises:
epoxy-based polymers, polyurethane-based polymers, polylactic acid-based polymers;
combinations of any two or more of the above polymers are employed as an option.
Optionally, the 3D printing system is printed in a fused deposition printing or a direct writing 3D printing.
Optionally, the shaping manner of the 3D printing system is bending shaping or twisting shaping.
Optionally, the 3D printing material in the material library is ABS and PLA;
wherein, when a layer structure is constructed, the ABS is positioned at the upper layer, and the PLA is positioned at the lower layer;
wherein, when the layer structure is constructed, different materials are used as an upper layer or a lower layer, and different color marks can be adopted.
Optionally, the 3D printing material in the material library is ABS and PLA;
wherein, when the row structure is constructed, the PLA is positioned at the upper row, and the ABS is positioned at the lower row;
wherein different color markings can be used when different materials are used as the upper or lower rows in constructing the row structure.
Optionally, in the fourth step, the parameters preset based on the 3D printing system further include:
the diameter of an extrusion head, the extrusion speed, the filling rate, the thickness of a printing layer, the printing angle and the intersection angle between printing layers;
the diameter range of the extrusion head is 0.2mm-0.4 mm;
the extrusion speed range is 40mm/s-60 mm/s;
the filling rate range is 60% -100%;
the thickness range of the printing layer is 0.2mm-0.3 mm;
the printing angle is 0-180 degrees;
the cross angle between the printing layers is 0-90 degrees.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
on the first hand, the preparation method provided by the invention can improve the shape fixing rate, the recovery rate and the response speed of the composite material through the matching of different shaping directions and printing angles;
in the second aspect, the preparation method provided by the invention compounds a plurality of materials through 3D printing, does not need any adhesive, has good associativity, can design arrangement modes and complex structures among different materials, promotes a multiple shape memory process, and is difficult to realize corresponding effects in traditional polymer blending compounding and bonding compounding.
In the third aspect, the method provided by the invention solves the problem that the deformation of the shape memory material with single component is difficult to realize complex deformation function due to only one permanent shape and one temporary shape, and the sample prepared by the invention has a plurality of temporary shapes, can realize controllable accurate deformation for a plurality of times under thermal stimulation and provides more design possibilities for the deformation of the intelligent material;
in a fourth aspect, the preparation method provided by the invention simplifies the processing steps of the multiple shape memory intelligent material, improves the processing efficiency, saves the production cost, and can realize rich multi-stage deformation design by compounding different types and quantities of polymers.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a printed sample of an interlayer composite intelligent material of ABS and PLA in a preparation method of a 3D printed multiple shape memory intelligent composite material provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a printed sample of the composite intelligent material with the interval arrangement of ABS and PLA in the preparation method of the 3D printed multiple shape memory intelligent composite material provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a process of bending and twisting a printing sample and a process of shape memory recovery of an interlayer composite intelligent material of ABS and PLA in a preparation method of a 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material provided by the invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a bending and twisting shaping process and a shape memory recovery process of a printing sample of the composite intelligent material with spaced arrangement of ABS and PLA in the preparation method of the 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention; for convenience of description, in the present application, "left side" is "first end", "right side" is "second end", "upper side" is "first end", and "lower side" is "second end" in the current view, so that the description is for the purpose of clearly expressing the technical solution, and should not be construed as an improper limitation to the technical solution of the present application.
Therefore, the shape memory intelligent material is combined with the 3D printing technology, the preparation method of the 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material is developed, and the prepared intelligent material has multiple deformation temperatures by compounding multiple shape memory polymers with different deformation temperatures, so that a controllable multi-stage deformation process is realized.
In example 1 provided by the present technical solution, please refer to fig. 1;
designing a rectangular sheet with the size of 80mm x 10mm x 0.5mm, respectively carrying out three-dimensional modeling on two materials by using PLA (polylactic acid) and ABS (copolymer) as printing consumables, then carrying out slicing processing on the models according to the design, converting to generate an STL format file, and inputting the STL format file into a 3D printing system; the printing angle is set to be 0 degree, the diameter of an extrusion head of a printer is 0.4mm, the extrusion speed is 60mm/s, the filling rate is 100 percent, the thickness of the printing layer is 0.3mm, the interlayer crossing angle is 90 degrees, a fused deposition 3D printing mode is adopted, the extrusion head for printing a PLA material is set to be an extrusion head 1, the printing temperature is set to be 195 degrees, the extrusion head for printing an ABS material is set to be an extrusion head 2, the printing temperature is set to be 225 degrees, the arrangement mode adopts interlayer compounding, and the prepared multiple shape memory intelligent composite material structure is shown in figure 1.
The initial shape of the prepared multiple shape memory intelligent composite material is a permanent shape A, a sample is heated to 120 ℃ (higher than the deformation temperature of ABS and PLA), the sample is bent and shaped, the sample is cooled to 25 ℃ (lower than the deformation temperature of ABS and PLA) to fix a temporary shape B, the sample is heated to 75 ℃ (lower than the deformation temperature of ABS and higher than the deformation temperature of PLA), the PLA is subjected to a shape memory recovery process to obtain a temporary shape C, the deformation time is about 10s, the sample is continuously heated to 120 ℃, the ABS is subjected to a shape memory recovery process, the sample is recovered to the permanent shape A, and the deformation time is about 32 s; similarly, the sample is subjected to twist forming, the temporary shape B is fixed after being cooled to 25 ℃ (lower than the deformation temperature of ABS and PLA), the temporary shape B is fixed after being heated to 75 ℃ (lower than the deformation temperature of ABS and higher than the deformation temperature of PLA), the PLA is subjected to a shape memory recovery process to obtain a temporary shape C, the deformation time is about 15s, the sample is continuously heated to 120 ℃, the ABS is subjected to a shape memory recovery process, the sample is recovered to a permanent shape A, the deformation time is about 35s, and the shape fixing rate and the recovery rate of the composite material are higher and the deformation response is quicker when the printing angle and the deformation direction are consistent as shown in figure 3.
In embodiment 2 provided by the present technical solution, please refer to fig. 2;
designing a rectangular sheet with the size of 80mm x 10mm x 0.5mm, respectively carrying out three-dimensional modeling on two materials by using PLA and ABS as printing consumables, then carrying out slicing processing on the models according to the design, converting to generate an STL format file, and inputting the STL format file into a 3D printing system; the printing angle is set to be 0 degrees, the diameter of the printer extrusion head is 0.4mm, the extrusion speed is 60mm/s, the filling rate is 100 percent, the thickness of the printing layer is 0.3mm, the interlayer crossing angle is 90 degrees, a fused deposition 3D printing mode is adopted, the extrusion head for printing the PLA material is set to be an extrusion head 1, the printing temperature is set to be 195 degrees, the extrusion head for printing the ABS material is set to be an extrusion head 2, the printing temperature is set to be 225 degrees, the arrangement mode is selected and compounded at intervals, and the prepared multiple shape memory intelligent composite material structure is shown in figure 2.
The initial shape of the prepared multiple shape memory intelligent composite material is a permanent shape A, a sample is heated to 120 ℃ (higher than the deformation temperature of ABS and PLA), the sample is bent and shaped, the sample is cooled to 25 ℃ (lower than the deformation temperature of ABS and PLA) to fix a temporary shape B, the sample is heated to 75 ℃ (lower than the deformation temperature of ABS and higher than the deformation temperature of PLA), the PLA is subjected to a shape memory recovery process to obtain a temporary shape C, the deformation time is about 7s, the sample is continuously heated to 120 ℃, the ABS is subjected to a shape memory recovery process, the sample is recovered to the permanent shape A, and the deformation time is about 24 s; similarly, the sample is subjected to twist forming, the temporary shape B is fixed after being cooled to 25 ℃ (lower than the deformation temperature of ABS and PLA), the temporary shape B is fixed after being heated to 75 ℃ (lower than the deformation temperature of ABS and higher than the deformation temperature of PLA), the PLA is subjected to a shape memory recovery process to obtain the temporary shape C, the deformation time is about 10s, the sample is continuously heated to 120 ℃, the ABS is subjected to a shape memory recovery process, the sample is recovered to the permanent shape A, the deformation time is about 28s, and the shape fixing rate and the recovery rate of the composite material are higher and the deformation response is quicker when the printing angle and the deformation direction are consistent as shown in figure 4.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4 in combination with fig. 1 and 2, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
establishing a polymer material library for 3D printing through a computer-based curing program, and presetting a polymer sample physical structure and a configuration mode of different polymer structures;
wherein, the arrangement mode is a layer shape or a row shape;
secondly, presetting a sample object structure based on a preset polymer sample object structure and an arrangement mode of presetting different polymer structures, and constructing a three-dimensional building model capable of being printed in a 3D mode;
processing the three-dimensional modeling model by preset slices based on a curing program to obtain a sliced format file of the three-dimensional modeling model;
the format file is an STL format file;
step four, presetting the format file into a 3D printing system, presetting 3D printing parameters, and entering a 3D printing step based on a preset arrangement mode and preset three-dimensional modeling;
step five, setting deformation temperatures of the selected polymers in sequence based on a 3D printing system;
the deformation temperature is increased gradually in sequence, when a preset forming temperature (Tn) is reached, the intermediate product modeled by 3D printing is endowed with a temporary shape, the temporary shape is fixed when the intermediate product is cooled to an initial heating temperature, and the material subjected to shape endowing is heated from the initial temperature to the forming temperature (Tn) step by step, so that the staged multiple deformation endowing is realized;
wherein the temporary deformation time during shaping has a preset interval, and the preset interval is preset based on the time of the heating process.
In an alternative embodiment, the polymeric material library is selected by: the polymers have different deformation temperatures, and many polymers have the property of shape change memory.
In an alternative embodiment, the materials from the library of polymeric materials are selected in a manner comprising: epoxy-based polymers, polyurethane-based polymers, polylactic acid-based polymers; combinations of any two or more of the above polymers are employed as an option.
In an alternative embodiment, the 3D printing system is a fused deposition printing or a direct write 3D printing.
In an alternative embodiment, the shaping manner of the 3D printing system is a bending shaping or a twisting shaping.
In an alternative embodiment, the 3D printed materials in the materials library are ABS and PLA;
wherein, when a layer structure is constructed, ABS is positioned at the upper layer, and PLA is positioned at the lower layer;
wherein, when the layer structure is constructed, different materials are used as an upper layer or a lower layer, and different color marks can be adopted.
In an alternative embodiment, the 3D printed materials in the materials library are ABS and PLA;
wherein, when the row structure is constructed, the PLA is positioned at the upper row, and the ABS is positioned at the lower row;
wherein different materials can be marked with different colors when constructing the row structure as an upper row or a lower row.
In an alternative embodiment, in step four, the parameters preset based on the 3D printing system further include:
the diameter of an extrusion head, the extrusion speed, the filling rate, the thickness of a printing layer, the printing angle and the intersection angle between printing layers;
the diameter range of the extrusion head is 0.2mm-0.4 mm;
the extrusion speed range is 40mm/s-60 mm/s;
the filling rate range is 60% -100%;
the thickness range of the printing layer is 0.2mm-0.3 mm;
the printing angle is 0-180 degrees;
the cross angle between the printing layers is 0-90 degrees.
In addition, in the fifth step, the specific implementation mode is as follows: the deformation temperature of each polymer selected for 3D printing is T1< T2 … < Tn, the printed material is heated to a temperature above the Tn temperature to be endowed with a temporary shape, the printed material is cooled to a temperature below the T1 temperature to fix the temporary shape, and the shaped material is gradually heated to the T1 and T2 … Tn temperatures from low to high, so that multiple times of deformation in stages is realized.
Specifically, the preparation method of the 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material provided by the invention is based on a 3D printing manufacturing technology, takes multiple shape memory polymers as raw materials, sets appropriate 3D printing parameters, and compounds various intelligent materials through a multi-material 3D printer to form at one time, so that the multiple shape memory composite material with multiple deformation temperatures is prepared. The prepared sample is in an initial shape, the deformation temperature of each polymer selected for preparing the sample is T1< T2 … < Tn, the printed material is heated to a temperature above the Tn temperature to endow a temporary shape, the printed material is cooled to a temperature below the T1 temperature to fix the temporary shape, the shaped material is gradually heated to the T1 and T2 … Tn temperatures, and when the deformation temperature is reached, the sample is subjected to a shape recovery process, so that the multi-stage shape memory effect is realized. The deformation process of the multiple shape memory composite material can be optimized by different printing angles, material arrangement modes and the like.
In summary, in the first aspect of the present application, the preparation method provided by the present invention can improve the shape fixing rate, recovery rate and response speed of the composite material through the cooperation of different shaping directions and printing angles;
in the second aspect, the preparation method provided by the invention compounds a plurality of materials through 3D printing, does not need any adhesive, has good associativity, can design arrangement modes and complex structures among different materials, promotes a multiple shape memory process, and is difficult to realize corresponding effects in traditional polymer blending compounding and bonding compounding.
In the third aspect, the method provided by the invention solves the problem that the deformation of the shape memory material with single component is difficult to realize complex deformation function due to only one permanent shape and one temporary shape, and the sample prepared by the invention has a plurality of temporary shapes, can realize controllable accurate deformation for a plurality of times under thermal stimulation and provides more design possibilities for the deformation of the intelligent material;
in a fourth aspect, the preparation method provided by the invention simplifies the processing steps of the multiple shape memory intelligent material, improves the processing efficiency, saves the production cost, and can realize rich multi-stage deformation design by compounding different types and quantities of polymers.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a polymer material library for 3D printing through a computer-based curing program, and presetting a polymer sample physical structure and a configuration mode of different polymer structures;
wherein the arrangement mode is a layered or row shape;
step two, presetting a sample object structure based on a preset polymer sample object structure and arrangement modes of different preset polymer structures, and constructing a three-dimensional building model capable of being printed in a 3D mode;
processing the three-dimensional modeling model by a preset slice based on the curing program to obtain a sliced format file of the three-dimensional modeling model;
the format file is an STL format file;
step four, presetting the format file into a 3D printing system, presetting 3D printing parameters, and entering a 3D printing step based on a preset arrangement mode and a preset three-dimensional modeling;
step five, sequentially setting deformation temperatures of the selected polymers on the basis of the 3D printing system;
the deformation temperature is sequentially increased, when a preset forming temperature (Tn) is reached, a temporary shape is given to the intermediate product modeled by 3D printing, the temporary shape is fixed when the intermediate product is cooled to an initial heating temperature, and the material after the shape is given is gradually heated to the forming temperature (Tn) from the initial temperature, so that the staged multiple deformation is given;
wherein the temporary deformation time during shaping has a preset interval, and the preset interval is preset based on the time of the heating process.
2. The preparation method of the 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material according to claim 1, wherein the preparation mode in the polymer material library is as follows:
the polymers have different deformation temperatures, and a plurality of the polymers have the property of shape change memory.
3. The method for preparing the 3D printed multiple shape memory intelligent composite material according to claim 2, wherein the manner of the materials selected in the polymer material library comprises:
epoxy-based polymers, polyurethane-based polymers, polylactic acid-based polymers;
combinations of any two or more of the above polymers are employed as an option.
4. The method for preparing the 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material according to claim 3, wherein the printing mode of the 3D printing system is fused deposition type printing or direct writing type 3D printing.
5. The method for preparing the 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material according to claim 4, wherein the printing shaping mode of the 3D printing system is bending shaping or twisting shaping.
6. The method for preparing the 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material according to claim 5, wherein the 3D printing materials in the material library are ABS and PLA;
wherein, when the layer structure is constructed, the ABS is positioned at the upper layer, and the PLA is positioned at the lower layer;
wherein, when the layer structure is constructed, different materials are used as an upper layer or a lower layer, and different color marks can be adopted.
7. The method for preparing the 3D printing multiple shape memory intelligent composite material according to claim 5, wherein the 3D printing materials in the material library are ABS and PLA;
wherein, when the row structure is constructed, the PLA is positioned at the upper row, and the ABS is positioned at the lower row;
wherein different color markings can be used when different materials are used as the upper or lower rows in constructing the row structure.
8. The method for preparing a 3D-printed multiple shape memory smart composite according to claim 7, wherein in the fourth step, the parameters preset based on the 3D printing system further include:
the diameter of an extrusion head, the extrusion speed, the filling rate, the thickness of a printing layer, the printing angle and the intersection angle between printing layers;
the diameter range of the extrusion head is 0.2mm-0.4 mm;
the extrusion speed range is 40mm/s-60 mm/s;
the filling rate range is 60% -100%;
the thickness range of the printing layer is 0.2mm-0.3 mm;
the printing angle is 0-180 degrees;
the cross angle between the printing layers is 0-90 degrees.
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