CN114951898B - Radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device and thermal cutting method - Google Patents

Radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device and thermal cutting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114951898B
CN114951898B CN202210552909.2A CN202210552909A CN114951898B CN 114951898 B CN114951898 B CN 114951898B CN 202210552909 A CN202210552909 A CN 202210552909A CN 114951898 B CN114951898 B CN 114951898B
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China
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negative pressure
cutting
station body
air
thermal cutting
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CN202210552909.2A
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CN114951898A (en
Inventor
邓春银
吴树辉
魏少翀
陆壮
陈国星
陆海峰
刘成威
罗刚
史一岭
潘晨阳
尹嵩
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
CGN Power Co Ltd
Lingao Nuclear Power Co Ltd
Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
CGN Power Co Ltd
Lingao Nuclear Power Co Ltd
Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Application filed by China General Nuclear Power Corp, CGN Power Co Ltd, Lingao Nuclear Power Co Ltd, Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co Ltd filed Critical China General Nuclear Power Corp
Priority to CN202310981168.4A priority Critical patent/CN117161509A/en
Priority to CN202210552909.2A priority patent/CN114951898B/en
Priority to CN202310983020.4A priority patent/CN117102623A/en
Publication of CN114951898A publication Critical patent/CN114951898A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K7/00—Cutting, scarfing, or desurfacing by applying flames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K7/00—Cutting, scarfing, or desurfacing by applying flames
    • B23K7/10—Auxiliary devices, e.g. for guiding or supporting the torch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device which comprises a negative pressure station body module, a negative pressure system and a cutting and collecting module, wherein the negative pressure system is used for providing negative pressure for the negative pressure station body module and filtering particles, dust and radioactive aerosol generated by thermal cutting of radioactive metal waste, the cutting and collecting module comprises a thermal cutting device, and the negative pressure station body module is used for placing the radioactive metal waste to be cut and the thermal cutting device. According to the radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device, radioactivity is contained in the negative pressure station body through the cooperation of the negative pressure station body module and the negative pressure system, leakage cannot occur, environmental safety and personnel safety are guaranteed, the cutting efficiency is high, and the secondary waste amount is small.

Description

Radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device and thermal cutting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear engineering, and particularly relates to a radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device and a thermal cutting method.
Background
In nuclear power engineering, the main equipment of the radioactive large nuclear island such as a reactor pressure vessel top cover, a steam generator, a voltage stabilizer and the like has the characteristics of large volume, large weight, thick equipment wall thickness and the like, and in order to reduce the volume of radioactive solid waste after retirement and reduce the disposal cost, the equipment needs to be cut and prepared on site when retired.
The total weight of the top cover of the reactor pressure vessel reaches 58 tons, the outer diameter of the top cover is 4.7 meters, the total height of the top cover is approximately 3 meters, the thickness of the end socket part reaches 170mm, and the thickness of the flange part reaches 850mm. The steam generator is in a vertical storage tank structure, the inner diameter of the steam generator can reach 1.5 m, the wall thickness of the steam generator can reach 46mm, and the total height of the steam generator can reach 6 m. According to the retired requirement of nuclear power engineering, the U-shaped pipe and part of the shell inside the nuclear power engineering need cutting equipment. The appearance of the voltage stabilizer is a vertical storage tank structure, the inner diameter of the voltage stabilizer can reach 1.2m, the wall thickness of the voltage stabilizer can reach 63mm, and the voltage stabilizer is generally used as an integral cutting and preparation.
At present, a diamond wire saw or a water knife process is generally adopted at home and abroad to cut the radioactive thick and large piece. These two processes have 2 disadvantages: 1. the cutting rate is slow: the thermal cutting (flame cutting and plasma cutting) of the large piece with the same thickness is 10-50 times faster than the cutting speed of a diamond wire saw and a water knife. 2. The amount of secondary waste generated by cutting is large: after the diamond rope saw cuts the radioactive equipment, the whole mechanical structure is completely polluted and is converted into radioactive pollutants; the water-jet cutting process requires the addition of a large amount of solid abrasive to the water, which is converted to radioactive contaminants during cutting.
In general, the amount of secondary waste from thermal cutting (flame cutting, plasma cutting) is only about 5% of that from diamond wire saw and water jet cutting. However, when the thick radioactive material is thermally cut, a large amount of air pollutants such as radioactive particles, radioactive dust, aerosol and the like are generated, so that the environment is polluted, and meanwhile, the personnel safety is threatened.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device which can safely use flame cutting or plasma cutting to carry out cutting preparation of radioactive thick and large pieces, thereby improving cutting efficiency, reducing secondary waste production, solving the problems of radioactive particles, dust and aerosol treatment generated by thermal cutting and ensuring environmental and personnel safety.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device, includes negative pressure station body module, negative pressure system and cutting collection module, negative pressure system is used for negative pressure station body module provides negative pressure and is used for filtering granule, dust and the radioactive aerosol that the thermal cutting radioactive metal waste produced, cutting collection module includes thermal cutting device, negative pressure station body module is used for placing the radioactive metal waste that waits to cut with thermal cutting device. The thermal cutting device and the radioactive metal waste to be cut are placed in the negative pressure station body module, the negative pressure station system provides negative pressure for the negative pressure station body module and absorbs particles, dust and radioactive aerosol generated by thermal cutting, and the cutting collecting module cuts and collects the radioactive metal waste to be cut.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the negative pressure station body module includes negative pressure station body, air inlet window, window and soft curtain, the bottom of negative pressure station body is provided with traction guide, traction guide runs through the negative pressure station body, be provided with on the traction guide and collect the travelling bogie, the air inlet window with the window set up in the side of negative pressure station body, soft curtain installs the negative pressure station body supplies traction guide with collect the part that the travelling bogie worn out. The air inlet window is the shutter, and the negative pressure station body module sets up soft curtain, and the air inlet window is used for admitting air the effect on the one hand, and soft curtain is used for supplying the business turn over of traction guide rail and collection travelling bogie, and on the other hand is through observing and confirming that the shutter inwards advances air, soft curtain inwards floats and moves as one of them characteristic that starts negative pressure system success, and specifically, when negative pressure system work, the shutter inwards opens the air inlet, and soft curtain inwards drifts, and when negative pressure system does not work, shutter and soft curtain fall to close.
In the above technical scheme, further preferably, the negative pressure station body is cuboid, the negative pressure station body includes lamina tecti and four curb plates, adjacent two bond through the sealant between the curb plate, still be provided with the lug on the lamina tecti, this internal thermal cutting district that is used for cutting radioactive metal waste that is provided with of negative pressure station, treat the radioactive metal waste of cutting with thermal cutting device place in thermal cutting district. The negative pressure station body is the cuboid, and curb plate all around adopts various steel sheet, and the piece uses the sealant to bond, ensures sealed airtight, and one side upper portion sets up the shutter that admits air, can set up quantity according to the size is nimble, recommends 2-4 fans, sets up a window glass on the various steel sheet of this side, and the size is according to actual conditions, recommends to use not less than 1.2Mx 1.2M for personnel observe the behavior in the negative pressure station body from the outside, in addition, set up two lugs on the top cap of negative pressure station body, can adjust to leave the top cap when required, follow the big business turn over negative pressure station body of top handling.
In the above technical scheme, still further preferably, the negative pressure system includes being located the negative pressure station body is outside through tuber pipe in proper order the convulsions main fan, dust filter, radioactive aerosol filter and air outlet and be located the internal air intake of negative pressure station, air supply fan, convulsions fan, induced-draught mouth and a plurality of manometer, the air intake is located air intake window department, the air supply fan be used for to the hot cutting district air supply so that granule, dust and the radioactive aerosol that hot cutting radioactive metal waste produced blow to the entry of convulsions fan, the convulsions fan be used for receiving granule, dust and the radioactive aerosol that the hot cutting district produced and be used for to the tuber pipe air supply, the convulsions fan with the induced-draught mouth is respectively through the tuber pipe with the main fan intercommunication of convulsions, the main fan of convulsions is used for receiving granule, dust and radioactive aerosol that the induced-draught mouth received the internal air of negative pressure station, one of three manometers is located in the other two manometers are close to the hot cutting district respectively the air intake. The air supply fan and the air draft fan jointly establish a good negative pressure space for the hot cutting area; the air supply source of the main air draft fan comprises two parts: air supply of an air draft fan; absorbing air in the negative pressure station body from the suction inlet; the dust filter is used for filtering particles and dust generated by thermal cutting in the ventilation system, and the radioactive aerosol filter is used for filtering radioactive aerosol in the air, so that no radioactivity leaks, and the external environment of the negative pressure station and the safety of personnel are ensured. The pressure gauges are used for observing and confirming whether the readings are negative pressure, and only the main air draft fan, the air supply fan and the air draft fan are turned on; observing and confirming that the shutter opens air inlet inwards and the soft curtain drifts inwards; observing and confirming that the reading of each pressure gauge is negative pressure; the completion of the above three operations indicates that a negative pressure has been established in the negative pressure workstation body.
In the above technical solution, still further preferably, the negative pressure system further includes a flammable gas concentration monitor, a radioactive dose monitor, and a plurality of monitoring cameras disposed in the negative pressure station body. The monitoring camera recommends to install 8 paths to 10 paths, so that equipment such as an air supply fan, an air draft fan, a shutter, a traction guide rail, a cutting device and the like in the negative pressure station body can be observed; the combustible gas concentration monitor is used for monitoring the concentration of the fuel gas for thermal cutting in the negative pressure station body, and once the concentration reaches a set threshold value, the concentration monitor can trigger a concentration alarm, and the chain cutting equipment immediately stops working, and a fuel gas supply pipeline is closed; the radioactive dose monitor continuously monitors the radioactive dose radiation level in the air in the negative pressure station body, and transmits the radioactive dose radiation level to the personnel centralized control platform in real time, and once the monitoring value exceeds a threshold value, an alarm signal is sent out immediately.
In the above technical scheme, still further preferably, the cutting and collecting module includes collection device and the hot cutting device, the hot cutting device include the portal frame, set up in carry out aircraft nose on the portal frame, set up in carry out the hot cutting head on the aircraft nose and be used for supporting the support rack of the radioactive metal waste that waits to cut, the portal frame can follow the Y axis direction and remove, carry out the aircraft nose and shrink and can follow the X axis direction and remove on the portal frame, collection device includes collect the travelling bogie with traction guide, collect the travelling bogie and be used for accepting the cutting block after the radioactive metal waste that waits to cut cuts. The machine head can stretch out and draw back from top to bottom, the thermal cutting head can walk in XYZ triaxial space through cooperation with the portal frame, the support rack is used for supporting a piece to be cut, the design bearing weight is recommended to be 70 tons, large-sized components such as round, square and plate can be borne, and the thermal cutting head selects a reasonable thermal cutting process and a corresponding cutting head according to the appearance, thickness, materials and the like of the piece to be cut.
In the above technical scheme, and further preferably, the middle part of the support rack is left empty to form a blanking port, and the cutting material block falls from the blanking port to the collecting and transporting trolley. The middle part of the supporting rack is left empty, the cutting material blocks can directly fall to the collecting and transporting trolley at the bottom, the breadth of the collecting and transporting trolley envelopes the hollow area of the supporting rack, the traction guide rail further traction the collecting and transporting trolley to walk, the collecting and transporting trolley can be sent to enter the negative pressure station body, and the cutting material blocks can be transported out of the negative pressure station body.
In the above technical solution, still further preferably, the thermal cutting head is a flame cutting head or a plasma cutting head. A reasonable thermal cutting process and a cutting path are selected according to the shape, thickness, materials and the like of the piece to be cut, and in general, a flame cutting process is selected for carbon steel pieces with the thickness exceeding 60 mm; for stainless steel and carbon steel pieces with the thickness lower than 60mm, a plasma cutting process can be selected, and then a thermal cutting head with corresponding specification is selected.
In addition, all the equipment control systems are integrated to a centralized control platform outside the negative pressure station body, so that personnel remote operation control is realized.
The invention also provides a radioactive metal waste thermal cutting method, which comprises the following steps:
placing a thermal cutting head and radioactive metal waste to be cut; starting a negative pressure system to enable negative pressure to be formed in the negative pressure station body; cutting radioactive metal waste to be cut, transporting and collecting the dropped cut pieces.
In the above technical solution, preferably:
the method for starting the negative pressure system comprises the following steps: starting an air draft main fan, an air supply fan and an air draft fan; observing and confirming that the air inlet window opens air inlet into the negative pressure station body, and the soft curtain drifts towards the inner side of the negative pressure station body; the pressure gauge readings were observed and confirmed to be negative.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device, radioactivity is contained in the negative pressure station through the matching of the negative pressure station body module and the negative pressure system, leakage is avoided, and the environmental safety and the personnel safety are ensured; by means of the video monitoring system and the centralized control system, operations such as cutting, transportation and the like can be remotely operated manually or automatically, and short-distance manual operation of personnel is not needed, so that the irradiation radiation dose of personnel is greatly reduced; the device is suitable for various thermal cutting heads and can be applied to flame cutting and plasma cutting; the whole set of device can cut radioactive thick and large pieces, and the object comprises: large-scale nuclear power equipment such as evaporator, stabiliser, reactor pressure vessel top cap.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a top view of a radioactive metallic waste thermal cutting apparatus in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a radioactive metallic waste thermal cutting apparatus in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a front view of a radioactive metallic waste thermal cutting apparatus (cutting reactor pressure vessel top cover) in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: the negative pressure station comprises a negative pressure station body-10, a shutter-11, a window-12, a soft curtain-13, a lifting lug-14, an air draft main fan-20, an air pipe-21, a dust filter-22A, a radioactive aerosol filter-22B, a monitoring camera-23, a combustible gas concentration monitor-24, an air supply fan-25A, an air draft fan-25B, a radioactive dose monitor-26, a first pressure gauge-27A, a second pressure gauge-27B, a third pressure gauge-27C, an air outlet-28, an air suction inlet-29, a portal frame-30, an executing machine head-31, a supporting bench-32, a hot cutting head-33, a collecting transportation trolley-34, a traction guide rail-35, a hot cutting area-40 and a reactor pressure vessel top cover-50.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1A radioactive metal waste thermal cutting apparatus
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the radioactive metal waste thermal cutting apparatus of the present embodiment includes a negative pressure station body module, a negative pressure system, and a cutting collection module. Wherein, the cutting collection module includes thermal cutting device and collection device.
The negative pressure station body module includes negative pressure station body 10, shutter 11, window 12, soft curtain 13 and lug 14, and negative pressure station body 10 is the cuboid type, including lamina tecti and four curb plates all around, is provided with the thermal cutting district 40 that is used for cutting radioactive metal waste in the negative pressure station body 10, and radioactive metal waste and the thermal cutting device that wait to cut place in thermal cutting district 40, wherein, negative pressure station body 10 adopts four various steel sheets to splice all around to form, and the piece of seam between two adjacent curb plates uses the seal gum to bond, ensures sealed airtight, and the curb plate upper portion of one side sets up two shutters 11, and of course, shutter 11 can set up quantity according to the size is nimble, recommended 2-4 fans. A window 12 is arranged on the color steel plate at the side, and the size is recommended to be not lower than 1.2M multiplied by 1.2M according to the actual situation, so that personnel can observe the working condition in the negative pressure station body 10 from the outside. The bottom of the negative pressure station body 10 is provided with a penetrating traction guide rail 35, the traction guide rail 35 is provided with a collection transportation trolley 34, the soft curtain 13 is arranged at the part of the negative pressure station body 10, which is used for the traction guide rail 35 and the collection transportation trolley 34 to penetrate out, the two lifting lugs 14 are arranged on a top cover plate, and when the need arises, the top cover plate can be adjusted away, so that large pieces can be lifted from the top to enter and exit the negative pressure station body 10. The louver 11 and the soft curtain 13 are arranged on the negative pressure station body 10, on one hand, the louver 11 is used for air intake, the soft curtain 13 is used for the traction guide rail 35 and collecting and conveying trolley 34 to enter and exit, on the other hand, by observing and confirming that the louver 11 is air-in inwards, the soft curtain 13 floats inwards as one of the characteristics that whether the negative pressure system is successful or not is started, specifically, when the negative pressure system works, the louver 11 is air-in inwards, the soft curtain 13 floats inwards, and when the negative pressure system does not work, the louver 11 and the soft curtain 13 drop and close.
The negative pressure system includes: the main ventilation fan 20, the air pipe 21, the dust filter 22A, the radioactive aerosol filter 22B, the monitoring camera 23, the combustible gas concentration monitor 24, the air inlet, the air supply fan 25A, the ventilation fan 25B, the radioactive dose monitor 26, the first pressure gauge 27A, the second pressure gauge 27B, the third pressure gauge 27C, the air outlet 28 and the air inlet 29. The main ventilation fan 20, the dust filter 22A, the radioactive aerosol filter 22B and the air outlet 28 are arranged outside the negative pressure station body 10, the main ventilation fan 20, the dust filter 22A, the radioactive aerosol filter 22B and the air outlet 28 are sequentially communicated through the air pipe 21, the monitoring camera 23, the combustible gas concentration monitor 24, the air inlet, the air supply fan 25A, the ventilation fan 25B, the radioactive dose monitor 26, the air inlet 29, the first pressure gauge 27A, the second pressure gauge 27B and the third pressure gauge 27C are arranged in the negative pressure station body 10, wherein the first pressure gauge 27A is positioned in the hot cutting area 40, the second pressure gauge 27B is close to the air inlet, and the third pressure gauge 27C is close to the air inlet 29.
The air blower 25A directly blows air to the thermal cutting area 40, forcibly blows particles, dust and radioactive aerosol generated by cutting to the inlet of the air draft fan 25B, and the air draft fan 25B receives the air from the air blower 25A and the particles, dust and radioactive aerosol generated by the thermal cutting area 40 and blows the air to the ventilation duct 21. The air blower 25A and the air draft fan 25B together establish a good negative pressure space for the thermal cutting area 40. The supply source of the main suction fan 20 includes two parts: (1) air supply of an exhaust fan 25B; (2) Air in the negative pressure station body 10 is absorbed from the suction port 29. The dust filter 22A is used for filtering particles and dust generated by thermal cutting, and the radioactive aerosol filter 22B is used for filtering radioactive aerosol in air, so that no radioactivity leaks out, and the external environment of the negative pressure station and the safety of personnel are ensured. It is recommended to install 8 to 10 monitoring cameras 23 to ensure that the air supply fan 25A, the air suction fan 25B, the louver 11, the traction guide 35, the cutting device, the radioactive metal waste to be cut, and the like of the negative pressure station body 10 can be observed. The combustible gas concentration monitor 24 is used for monitoring the concentration of the fuel gas for thermal cutting in the negative pressure station body 10, and once the concentration reaches the set threshold, the concentration alarm can be triggered, and the linkage cutting equipment immediately stops working, so that the fuel gas supply pipeline is closed. The radiation dose monitor 26 continuously monitors the radiation level of the radiation dose in the air in the negative pressure station body 10 and transmits the radiation level to the personnel centralized control platform in real time, and immediately sends an alarm signal once the monitored value exceeds a threshold value.
The starting method of the negative pressure system comprises the following steps: (1) Opening the main ventilation fan 20, the air supply fan 25A and the ventilation fan 25B; (2) Observing and confirming that the shutter 11 opens the air intake inwards, and the soft curtain 13 drifts inwards; (3) The first pressure gauge 27A, the second pressure gauge 27B, and the third pressure gauge 27C were observed and confirmed to read as negative pressure. The completion of the above three operations indicates that negative pressure has been formed in the negative pressure workstation body 10, and it is recommended that the pressure value in the negative pressure workstation body 10 is less than 3000Pa or more of atmospheric pressure, and the number of air circulation times in the negative pressure workstation body 10 is 10 times/hour.
The cutting and collecting module comprises a collecting device and a thermal cutting device, in particular, the thermal cutting device comprises a portal frame 30, an executing machine head 31 arranged on the portal frame 30, a thermal cutting head 33 arranged on the executing machine head 31 and a supporting bench 32 for supporting radioactive metal waste to be cut, and the collecting device comprises a collecting transportation trolley 34 and a traction guide rail 35. The portal frame 30 is a travelling mechanism for performing cutting by the thermal cutting head 33, the portal frame 30 can move along the Y-axis direction, the executing machine head 31 can shrink up and down and can move on the portal frame 30 along the X-axis direction, the executing machine head 31 can stretch up and down, the thermal cutting head 33 can travel in the XYZ three-axis space in cooperation with the portal frame 30, the supporting frame 32 is used for supporting a piece to be cut, the supporting frame is recommended to be designed to bear 70 tons and can bear large-sized components such as a circle, a square, a plate and the like, the middle of the supporting frame 32 is left, and a cutting block of radioactive metal waste directly falls to the collecting and transporting trolley 34 at the bottom, wherein a reasonable thermal cutting process and a corresponding thermal cutting head 33 are selected according to the appearance, the thickness, the material and the like of the piece to be cut, specifically, a flame cutting process is selected for carbon steel pieces with the thickness exceeding 60mm, and then the flame cutting head is selected; for stainless steel and carbon steel pieces with a thickness below 60mm, a plasma cutting process and thus a plasma cutting head may be selected. The collecting and transporting trolley 34 is used for receiving the cutting material blocks, the width of the cutting material blocks envelops the hollow area of the supporting rack 32, the traction guide rail 35 pulls the collecting and transporting trolley 34 to walk, and the collecting and transporting trolley 34 can be sent into the negative pressure station body 10, and the cutting material blocks can be also transported out of the negative pressure station body 10. All the equipment control systems are integrated to a centralized control platform outside the negative pressure station, so that personnel remote operation control is realized.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a front view of the radioactive metal waste thermal cutting apparatus for cutting the top cover 50 of the reactor pressure vessel according to the present embodiment, since the top cover of the reactor pressure vessel has a total weight of 58 tons, an outer diameter of 4.7 meters, a total height of approximately 3 meters, a thickness of 170mm in the head portion, and a thickness of 850mm in the flange portion, a flame cutting process is selected when cutting it, and the thermal cutting head 33 selects a flame cutting head.
Example 2A method of thermal cutting of radioactive metallic wastes
This example provides a method of thermal cutting of radioactive metal waste according to the description of example 1, comprising: placing a thermal cutting head and radioactive metal waste to be cut; starting a negative pressure system to enable negative pressure to be formed in the negative pressure station body; cutting radioactive metal waste to be cut, transporting and collecting the dropped cut pieces.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) making a radioactive metal piece cutting process and a radioactive metal piece cutting path: a reasonable thermal cutting process and a cutting path are selected according to the shape, thickness, materials and the like of the piece to be cut, and in general, a flame cutting process is selected for carbon steel pieces with the thickness exceeding 60 mm; for stainless steel and carbon steel pieces with a thickness below 60mm, a plasma cutting process may be selected.
(2) Installing corresponding thermal cutting heads, and setting a cutting head walking program according to the path: a thermal cutting head (flame cutting head or plasma cutting head) of a corresponding specification is selected, mounted on the executing head 31, and the gantry 30 and the running program of the executing head 31 are set in the centralized control system according to a preset cutting path. The present embodiment is used for cutting the top cover of the reactor pressure vessel, optionally with a flame cutting head mounted to the actuator head 31.
(3) The radioactive metal piece to be cut is mounted to the support bench 32: the radioactive metal waste to be cut (in this embodiment, the reactor pressure vessel top cover) is lifted and placed on the support rack 32, the top cover plate of the negative pressure station body 10 is lifted and placed in place, and the negative pressure station body 10 is closed.
(4) Starting a negative pressure system, and forming negative pressure in the workstation: starting a negative pressure system according to the requirement, and opening an air draft main fan 20, an air supply fan 25A and an air draft fan 25B; observing that the shutter 11 opens air intake inwards and the soft curtain 13 drifts inwards; the first pressure gauge 27A, the second pressure gauge 27B, and the third pressure gauge 27C read as negative pressure. Confirming that a negative pressure has developed within the station.
(5) Cutting according to a set path: the operator remotely operates the thermal cutting head 33 to operate the gantry 30 and the actuator head 31 to perform cutting along a predetermined path.
(6) Carrying out and collecting cut pieces falling off in a cutting way: the bottom collection transport cart 34 receives the corresponding cut pieces for timely transport out of the negative pressure station body 10.
The thermal cutting method of the radioactive metal waste solves the problems of radioactive particle, dust and aerosol treatment, can safely use flame cutting or plasma cutting to carry out cutting and preparation of radioactive thick and large pieces, improves cutting efficiency and reduces the generation amount of secondary waste.
For further understanding of the aspects of the present application, the following description is provided in terms of specific application examples and comparative examples:
application cases: for the top cover of the reactor pressure vessel, the total weight of the top cover reaches 58 tons, the outer diameter of the top cover is 4.7 meters, the total height of the top cover is approximately 3 meters, the thickness of the end socket part reaches 170mm, and the thickness of the flange part reaches 850mm. The thermal cutting device for radioactive metal waste in example 1 was used in combination with the thermal cutting method for radioactive metal waste in example 2, and the thermal cutting head was a flame thermal cutting head.
Comparative example 1: for the top cover of the reactor pressure vessel, the total weight of the top cover reaches 58 tons, the outer diameter of the top cover is 4.7 meters, the total height of the top cover is approximately 3 meters, the thickness of the end socket part reaches 170mm, and the thickness of the flange part reaches 850mm. Cutting is carried out by using a traditional diamond rope saw cutting method.
Comparative case 2: for the top cover of the reactor pressure vessel, the total weight of the top cover reaches 58 tons, the outer diameter of the top cover is 4.7 meters, the total height of the top cover is approximately 3 meters, the thickness of the end socket part reaches 170mm, and the thickness of the flange part reaches 850mm. Cutting by using a traditional water jet cutting method.
Table 1 parameters and test results for application cases and comparative cases
Cutting time Secondary waste yield
Application case 300 hours 5 tons
Comparative example 1 1500 hours 20 tons
Comparative example 2 2500 hours 300 ton
The test results in Table 1 show that the cutting time in the application cases is greatly shortened, the cutting efficiency is high, only 1/5 to 1/8 of that in the comparison cases, the secondary waste yield is very low, and only 1/4 to 1/60 of that in the comparison cases.
According to the radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device, radioactivity is contained in the negative pressure station through the matching of the negative pressure station body module and the negative pressure system, leakage is avoided, and the environmental safety and the personnel safety are ensured; by means of the video monitoring system and the centralized control system, operations such as cutting, transportation and the like can be remotely operated manually or automatically, and short-distance manual operation of personnel is not needed, so that the irradiation radiation dose of personnel is greatly reduced; the device is suitable for various thermal cutting heads and can be applied to flame cutting and plasma cutting; the whole set of device can cut radioactive thick and large pieces, and the object comprises: large-scale nuclear power equipment such as evaporator, stabiliser, reactor pressure vessel top cap.
The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device is characterized by comprising a negative pressure station body module, a negative pressure system and a cutting and collecting module, wherein the negative pressure system is used for providing negative pressure for the negative pressure station body module and filtering particles, dust and radioactive aerosol generated by thermal cutting of the radioactive metal waste, the cutting and collecting module comprises a thermal cutting device, and the negative pressure station body module is used for placing the radioactive metal waste to be cut and the thermal cutting device;
the negative pressure station body module comprises a negative pressure station body, an air inlet window, a window and a soft curtain, wherein a traction guide rail is arranged at the bottom of the negative pressure station body and penetrates through the negative pressure station body, a collection transportation trolley is arranged on the traction guide rail, the air inlet window and the window are arranged on the side face of the negative pressure station body, and the soft curtain is arranged at the part of the negative pressure station body, through which the traction guide rail and the collection transportation trolley penetrate;
the negative pressure station body is of a cuboid type, the negative pressure station body comprises a top cover plate and four side plates, two adjacent side plates are bonded through sealant, a lifting lug is further arranged on the top cover plate, a thermal cutting area for cutting radioactive metal waste is arranged in the negative pressure station body, and the radioactive metal waste to be cut and the thermal cutting device are arranged in the thermal cutting area;
the negative pressure system comprises an air draft main fan, a dust filter, a radioactive aerosol filter and an air outlet which are sequentially communicated with each other through an air pipe and are arranged outside a negative pressure station body, an air inlet, an air supply fan, an air draft fan, an air suction opening and three pressure gauges which are arranged in the negative pressure station body, wherein the air inlet is arranged at the air inlet window, the air supply fan is used for supplying air to a hot cutting area so that particles, dust and radioactive aerosol generated by hot cutting radioactive metal wastes are blown to the inlet of the air draft fan, the air draft fan is used for receiving the particles, dust and radioactive aerosol generated by the hot cutting area and supplying air to the air pipe, the air draft fan and the air suction opening are respectively communicated with the air draft main fan through the air pipe, the air draft main fan is used for receiving the particles, the dust and the radioactive aerosol received by the air draft fan and the air suction opening which are absorbed by the negative pressure station body, one pressure gauge among the three pressure gauges is arranged in the cutting area, and two pressure gauges are respectively close to the air suction opening and the air suction opening which are respectively arranged in the cutting area.
2. The radioactive metal waste thermal cutting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the negative pressure system further comprises a combustible gas concentration monitor, a radioactive dose monitor, and a plurality of monitoring cameras disposed within the negative pressure station body.
3. The radioactive metal waste thermal cutting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the cutting and collecting module includes a collecting device and the thermal cutting device, the thermal cutting device includes a gantry, an actuator head provided on the gantry, a thermal cutting head provided on the actuator head, and a support stand for supporting radioactive metal waste to be cut, the gantry is movable in a Y-axis direction, the actuator head is retractable up and down and movable in an X-axis direction on the gantry, the collecting device includes the collecting and transporting carriage and the traction rail, and the collecting and transporting carriage is for receiving a cut block of radioactive metal waste to be cut.
4. The radioactive metal waste thermal cutting apparatus of claim 3, wherein a blanking port is formed in a central portion of the support frame, and the cut material block falls from the blanking port to the collection and transportation cart.
5. The radioactive metal waste thermal cutting apparatus of claim 4, wherein the thermal cutting head is a flame cutting head or a plasma cutting head.
6. A method of hot cutting radioactive metal waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
placing a thermal cutting head and radioactive metal waste to be cut; starting a negative pressure system to enable negative pressure to be formed in the negative pressure station body; cutting radioactive metal waste to be cut, transporting and collecting the dropped cut pieces.
7. The method of thermal cutting of radioactive metal waste of claim 6, wherein activating the negative pressure system comprises the steps of: starting an air draft main fan, an air supply fan and an air draft fan; observing and confirming that the air inlet window opens air inlet into the negative pressure station body, and the soft curtain drifts towards the inner side of the negative pressure station body; the pressure gauge readings were observed and confirmed to be negative.
CN202210552909.2A 2022-05-19 2022-05-19 Radioactive metal waste thermal cutting device and thermal cutting method Active CN114951898B (en)

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