CN114951775B - Method for machining crankshaft thrust surface and clearance surface by using asymmetric milling cutter - Google Patents
Method for machining crankshaft thrust surface and clearance surface by using asymmetric milling cutter Download PDFInfo
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- CN114951775B CN114951775B CN202210764799.6A CN202210764799A CN114951775B CN 114951775 B CN114951775 B CN 114951775B CN 202210764799 A CN202210764799 A CN 202210764799A CN 114951775 B CN114951775 B CN 114951775B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
- B23C3/06—Milling crankshafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for machining a thrust surface and a clearance surface of a crankshaft by using an asymmetric milling cutter, which comprises the following steps: a. machining a thrust surface on one side of a workpiece and a clearance surface on the opposite side; b. and processing a thrust surface on the other side of the workpiece and a clearance surface on the opposite side. The cutter heads for machining the thrust surface and the clearance surface are combined in a crossing way, high-precision machining content and low-precision machining content are subjected to cross complementation, and the requirement on cutter adjustment precision is reduced; the original complete guarantee of cutter precision is changed into the guarantee of a numerical control machining center with higher control precision. The traditional three-edge milling cutter is changed into a replaceable blade type, PCD blades with larger front angles and rear angles can be used, the sharpness is improved, the cutting force is reduced, and burrs are effectively restrained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engine machining, in particular to a method for machining a thrust surface and a clearance surface of a crankshaft by using an asymmetric milling cutter.
Background
The milling cutter is a rotary machining cutter for milling in the field of machining, is generally used in milling machines, numerical control machining centers and other equipment, and can be used for rough and fine machining of the surfaces of workpieces, grooves, steps and other positions. The three-edge milling cutter is a disc milling cutter which has three cutting edges in three directions, has relief angles and can be used for cutting, and is generally used for milling grooves and steps.
The crankshaft thrust surface of the engine cylinder body is processed on the numerical control machining center, and is generally processed by using a three-edge milling cutter (shown in figures 1-4) for welding a hard alloy welding lug on a high-speed steel body, so that the method is applicable to various clamps, workpieces and processing technologies, and has good universality and economy. In the prior art, when a crankshaft surface is machined, a first milling cutter is generally adopted to simultaneously machine the clearance surfaces on two sides, and one-step molding is carried out; and the second milling cutter is used for simultaneously processing thrust surfaces on two sides, forming is carried out at one time, the processing precision is ensured, and the width of the thrust surfaces is completely determined by the distance between two three-edge milling cutters of the milling cutter. The processing in the above manner has the following disadvantages:
1. in consideration of processing efficiency, the thrust surfaces on two sides are processed at the same time, the width and position accuracy of the thrust surfaces are high (less than or equal to 0.05 mm), and the cutter is deformed due to the large axial cutting force in the processing process, so that the width and position accuracy of the thrust surfaces are out of tolerance finally;
2. limited by the basic style of the current cutter, the processing-adjusting-processing … … needs to be repeated for a plurality of times to ensure that the processing result is within the process requirement range, and a great deal of equipment downtime and work piece work waste are generated during the processing;
3. the cutter sharpness is insufficient, the cutting force is large, obvious burrs are generated in machining, special personnel are required to manually remove the burrs, and extra labor cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for machining a thrust surface and a clearance surface of a crankshaft by using an asymmetric milling cutter, which can effectively ensure the machining precision of the thrust surface.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for machining a crankshaft thrust surface and a clearance surface by using an asymmetric milling cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
a. machining a thrust surface on one side of a workpiece and a clearance surface on the opposite side;
b. and processing a thrust surface on the other side of the workpiece and a clearance surface on the opposite side.
Preferably, the diameter of the cutter disc for machining the thrust surface is smaller than that of the cutter disc for machining the clearance surface, and the insert inscribed circle for machining the thrust surface is smaller than that of the insert inscribed circle for machining the clearance surface.
Preferably, the diameter d of the cutter disc for machining the thrust surface 1 ±a 1 Diameter D of thrust surface 1 ±A 1 The relation of (2) is: d, d 1 ＝D 1 ，Wherein: a, a 1 、A 1 Is a dimensional tolerance; cutter diameter d for processing clearance surface 2 ±a 2 Diameter D with clearance surface 2 ±A 2 The relation of (2) is: d, d 2 ＝D 2 ，/>Wherein: a, a 2 、A 2 Is a dimensional tolerance.
Further, the diameter of the thrust surface is phi 74.15 plus or minus 0.15mm, and the diameter of the clearance surface is phi 96 plus or minus 0.15mm; the diameter of the cutter disc for machining the thrust surface is phi 74.15 plus or minus 0.05mm, and the diameter of the cutter disc for machining the clearance surface is phi 96 plus or minus 0.05mm.
Preferably, the distance between the cutter head for processing the thrust surface and the cutter head for processing the clearance surface is w+/-b,wherein: thrust face width W 1 ±B 1 The width of the clearance surface is W 2 ±B 2 ，B 1 、B 2 Is a dimensional tolerance.
Further, the thrust surface width is 19 (-0.05, 0) mm, the clearance surface width is 23+ -0.2 mm, and the distance between the two cutterheads is 20.9+ -0.05 mm.
Preferably, the thrust surface is machined by small blades with an inscribed circle of phi 9.525mm, and the clearance surface is machined by large blades with an inscribed circle of phi 12.7 mm.
Preferably, in the step a, the first milling cutter is adopted for machining, the highest point of the thrust surface blade is 147mm away from the positioning reference surface of the cutter handle, and the lowest point of the clearance surface cutter head is 165.9mm away from the positioning reference surface of the cutter handle.
Preferably, in the step b, a second milling cutter is adopted for machining, the highest point of the clearance surface blade is 147mm away from the positioning reference surface of the cutter handle, and the lowest point of the thrust surface cutter head is 165.9mm away from the positioning reference surface of the cutter handle.
Furthermore, the blades on the first milling cutter and the second milling cutter are replaceable blades, and the front angle of the blades is 20 degrees, and the rear angle of the blades is 10 degrees.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: the cutter heads for machining the thrust surface and the clearance surface are combined in a crossing way, high-precision machining content and low-precision machining content are subjected to cross complementation, and the requirement on cutter adjustment precision is reduced; the original complete guarantee of cutter precision is changed into the guarantee of a numerical control machining center with higher control precision. The traditional three-edge milling cutter is changed into a replaceable blade type, PCD blades with larger front angles and rear angles can be used, the sharpness is improved, the cutting force is reduced, and burrs are effectively restrained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a surface of a crankshaft to be machined;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prior art tool for machining thrust surfaces;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a prior art tool for machining a clearance surface;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a prior art process for machining a thrust surface and a clearance surface of a crankshaft;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a first milling cutter according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second milling cutter according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of a small blade (large blade);
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the present invention for machining a thrust surface and a clearance surface of a crankshaft;
fig. 9 is a dimensional view of a first milling cutter according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a dimensional view of a small blade (large blade) of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a thrust surface; 2. a clearance surface; 3. a thrust face machining cutter; 31. a small blade; 4. a clearance surface processing cutter; 41. large blades.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the existing processing process flow for processing the crankshaft thrust surface 1 and the clearance surface 2 is as follows: the first milling cutter is used for simultaneously machining the clearance surfaces on two sides and is formed at one time; and the second milling cutter is used for simultaneously processing thrust surfaces on two sides, forming is carried out at one time, the processing precision is ensured, and the width of the thrust surfaces is completely determined by the distance between two three-edge milling cutters of the milling cutter.
The thrust surfaces on two sides are processed simultaneously, the accuracy of the width and the position degree of the thrust surfaces is high (less than or equal to 0.05 mm), and the cutter is deformed due to the large axial cutting force in the processing process, so that the exceeding of the width and the position degree of the thrust surfaces is extremely easy to be caused finally, and the processing accuracy of the thrust surfaces is difficult to be ensured.
As shown in fig. 5-10, the method for machining the thrust surface and the clearance surface of the crankshaft by using the asymmetric milling cutter comprises the following steps:
a. machining a thrust surface on one side of a workpiece and a clearance surface on the opposite side;
b. and processing a thrust surface on the other side of the workpiece and a clearance surface on the opposite side.
The cutter heads for machining the thrust surface and the clearance surface are combined in a crossing way, high-precision machining contents and low-precision machining contents are complemented in a crossing way, and the requirement on cutter adjustment precision is reduced. The cutter installation precision can be changed from original 0.03mm to the existing 0.2mm. The machining precision of the thrust surface 1 is easier to ensure.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the cutter disc for machining the thrust surface 1 is smaller than that of the cutter disc for machining the clearance surface, and the inscribed circle of the cutter blade for machining the thrust surface 2 is smaller than that of the cutter blade for machining the clearance surface.
The diameter d of the cutter disc for processing the thrust surface is shown in Table 1 1 ±a 1 Diameter D of thrust surface 1 ±A 1 The relation of (2) is: d, d 1 ＝D 1 ，Wherein: a, a 1 、A 1 Is a dimensional tolerance; cutter diameter d for processing clearance surface 2 ±a 2 Diameter D with clearance surface 2 ±A 2 The relation of (2) is: d, d 2 ＝D 2 ，/>Wherein: a, a 2 、A 2 Is a dimensional tolerance.
Cutterhead for machining thrust surface and cutterhead for machining clearance surfaceThe interval between the two is w plus or minus b,wherein: thrust face width W 1 ±B 1 The width of the clearance surface is W 2 ±B 2 ，B 1 、B 2 Is a dimensional tolerance.
TABLE 1
Taking a certain 1.5L turbocharged engine block as an example, the diameter phi of the thrust surface is 74.15 plus or minus 0.15mm, the width of the thrust surface is 19 (-0.05, 0) mm, the diameter phi of the clearance surface is 96 plus or minus 0.15mm, and the width of the clearance surface is 23mm (+ -0.2). Machining a thrust surface by adopting an inscribed circular small blade with the diameter of 9.525mm, wherein the diameter of a small cutter disc for machining the thrust surface is 74.15mm plus or minus 0.05; and machining the clearance surface by adopting a large blade with an inscribed circle of phi 12.7mm, wherein the diameter of a large cutter disc used for machining the clearance surface is phi 96mm plus or minus 0.05.
In the embodiment, the first milling cutter is adopted for processing, the highest point of the thrust surface blade is 147mm away from the positioning reference surface of the cutter handle, the lowest point of the clearance surface cutter head is 165.9mm away from the positioning reference surface of the cutter handle, and the distance between the two cutter heads is 20.9mm (+ -0.05).
In the embodiment, the second milling cutter is adopted for processing, the highest point of the clearance surface blade is 147mm away from the positioning reference surface of the cutter handle, the lowest point of the thrust surface cutter disc is 165.9mm away from the positioning reference surface of the cutter handle, and the distance between the two cutter discs is 20.9mm (+ -0.05).
The blades on the first milling cutter and the second milling cutter all adopt replaceable blades, the blades all adopt the scheme of welding PCD by an alloy matrix, the central hole is installed, the front angle of the blades is 20 degrees, the rear angle of the blades is 10 degrees, the cutting force of machining is reduced, and the burr condition is effectively improved. The blades are designed in a fool-proof mode with matched sizes, and workers are prevented from misplacing the mounting direction of the blades.
Here, it should be noted that the description of the above technical solution is exemplary, and the present specification may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the technical solution set forth herein. Rather, these descriptions will be provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the technical solution of the invention is limited only by the scope of the claims.
The shapes, dimensions, ratios, angles, and numbers disclosed for describing aspects of the present specification and claims are merely examples, and thus, the present specification and claims are not limited to the details shown. In the following description, a detailed description of related known functions or configurations will be omitted when it may be determined that the emphasis of the present specification and claims is unnecessarily obscured.
Where the terms "comprising," "having," and "including" are used in this specification, there may be additional or alternative parts unless the use is made, the terms used may generally be in the singular but may also mean the plural.
It should be noted that although the terms "first," "second," "top," "bottom," "one side," "another side," "one end," "the other end," etc. may be used and used in this specification to describe various components, these components and portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, with top and bottom elements, under certain circumstances, also being interchangeable or convertible with one another; the components at one end and the other end may be the same or different in performance from each other.
In describing positional relationships, for example, when positional sequences are described as "on," "above," "below," and "next," unless words or terms such as "just" or "directly" are used, it is also possible to include cases where there is no contact or contact between them. If a first element is referred to as being "on" a second element, it does not mean that the first element must be located above the second element in the figures. The upper and lower portions of the component will change in response to changes in the angle and orientation of the view. Thus, in the drawings or in actual construction, if it is referred to that a first element is "on" a second element, it can comprise the case that the first element is "under" the second element and the case that the first element is "over" the second element. In describing the time relationship, unless "just" or "direct" is used, a case where there is no discontinuity between steps may be included in describing "after", "subsequent" and "preceding". The features of the various embodiments of the invention may be combined or spliced with one another, either in part or in whole, and may be implemented in a variety of different configurations as will be well understood by those skilled in the art. Embodiments of the present invention may be performed independently of each other or may be performed together in an interdependent relationship.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but many variations are possible. Any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for machining a crankshaft thrust surface and a clearance surface by using an asymmetric milling cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
a. machining a thrust surface on one side of a workpiece and a clearance surface on the opposite side;
b. processing a thrust surface on the other side of the workpiece and a clearance surface on the opposite side;
the diameter of a cutter disc for machining the thrust surface is smaller than that of a cutter disc for machining the clearance surface, and the internal cutting circle of a blade for machining the thrust surface is smaller than that of a blade for machining the clearance surface;
the cutter heads for processing the thrust surface and the clearance surface are combined in a crossing way, and the high-precision and low-precision processing contents are subjected to cross complementation, so that the requirement on the precision of cutter adjustment is reduced;
cutter diameter d for machining thrust surface 1 ±a 1 Diameter D of thrust surface 1 ±A 1 The relation of (2) is: d, d 1 ＝D 1 ，Wherein: a, a 1 、A 1 Is a dimensional tolerance; cutter diameter d for processing clearance surface 2 ±a 2 Diameter D with clearance surface 2 ±A 2 The relation of (2) is: d, d 2 ＝D 2 ，Wherein: a, a 2 、A 2 Is a dimensional tolerance;
the distance between the cutter head for processing the thrust surface and the cutter head for processing the clearance surface is w+/-b,wherein: thrust face width W 1 ±B 1 The width of the clearance surface is W 2 ±B 2 ，B 1 、B 2 Is a dimensional tolerance.
2. The method for machining a thrust surface and a clearance surface of a crankshaft by using an asymmetric milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the thrust surface is phi 74.15 plus or minus 0.15mm, and the diameter of the clearance surface is phi 96 plus or minus 0.15mm; the diameter of the cutter disc for machining the thrust surface is phi 74.15 plus or minus 0.05mm, and the diameter of the cutter disc for machining the clearance surface is phi 96 plus or minus 0.05mm.
3. The method for machining a thrust surface and a clearance surface of a crankshaft by using an asymmetric milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thrust surface width is 19 (-0.05, 0) mm, the clearance surface width is 23+ -0.2 mm, and the distance between two cutterheads is 20.9+ -0.05 mm.
4. The method for machining a thrust surface and a clearance surface of a crankshaft by using an asymmetric milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thrust surface is processed by small cutting blades with an inscribed circle of phi 9.525mm, and the clearance surface is processed by large cutting blades with an inscribed circle of phi 12.7 mm.
5. The method for machining a thrust surface and a clearance surface of a crankshaft by using an asymmetric milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, a first milling cutter is adopted for processing, the highest point of a thrust surface blade is 147mm away from a cutter handle positioning reference surface, and the lowest point of a clearance surface cutter head is 165.9mm away from the cutter handle positioning reference surface.
6. The method for machining a thrust surface and a clearance surface of a crankshaft by using an asymmetric milling cutter according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, a second milling cutter is adopted for processing, the highest point of the clearance surface blade is 147mm away from the positioning reference surface of the cutter handle, and the lowest point of the thrust surface cutter head is 165.9mm away from the positioning reference surface of the cutter handle.
7. The method for machining a thrust surface and a clearance surface of a crankshaft by using an asymmetric milling cutter according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the blades on the first milling cutter and the second milling cutter are replaceable blades, and the front angle of the blades is 20 degrees, and the rear angle of the blades is 10 degrees.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210764799.6A CN114951775B (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Method for machining crankshaft thrust surface and clearance surface by using asymmetric milling cutter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210764799.6A CN114951775B (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Method for machining crankshaft thrust surface and clearance surface by using asymmetric milling cutter |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114951775A CN114951775A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
| CN114951775B true CN114951775B (en) | 2024-01-09 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10314280A1 (en) * | 2003-03-29 | 2004-10-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Producing bearing surfaces on dynamically balanced workpiece e.g. pin bearing of crankshaft used in engine, involves drilling radial bearing area of workpiece to form stop collars and drilling stop collars to form clearance groove |
| CN202283613U (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-06-27 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Modular crankshaft forming external milling cutter |
| CN104339010A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-11 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Crankshaft crank pin transition round corner milling processing equipment and method |
| CN208019497U (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-10-30 | 江西腾勒动力有限公司 | A kind of engine cylinder body thrust surface process tool |
-
2022
- 2022-06-29 CN CN202210764799.6A patent/CN114951775B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10314280A1 (en) * | 2003-03-29 | 2004-10-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Producing bearing surfaces on dynamically balanced workpiece e.g. pin bearing of crankshaft used in engine, involves drilling radial bearing area of workpiece to form stop collars and drilling stop collars to form clearance groove |
| CN202283613U (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-06-27 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Modular crankshaft forming external milling cutter |
| CN104339010A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-11 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Crankshaft crank pin transition round corner milling processing equipment and method |
| CN208019497U (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-10-30 | 江西腾勒动力有限公司 | A kind of engine cylinder body thrust surface process tool |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 发动机缸体曲轴孔加工组合刀具设计与应用;王卫兵等;工具技术;第55卷(第9期);第92-94页 * |
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