CN114951692A - Nickel-titanium energy-absorbing and vibration-damping three-cycle extremely-small curved surface lattice structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-titanium energy-absorbing and vibration-damping three-cycle extremely-small curved surface lattice structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nickel-titanium energy-absorbing vibration-damping three-cycle extremely-small curved surface lattice structure and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of additive manufacturing. And (3) printing a three-period extremely-small curved surface lattice structure by using laser selective melting equipment, and alternately using different process parameters layer by layer to respectively generate an austenite phase and a martensite phase. When the component is impacted, stress can be generated to induce martensite phase transformation, austenite is transformed into martensite, energy is absorbed, and the effects of buffering and energy absorption are achieved; when the component is vibrated, the martensite variants are reoriented, friction exists between variant interfaces, mechanical work is consumed to overcome the resistance of interface motion, vibration is inhibited, and damping characteristics are presented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a nickel-titanium energy-absorbing vibration-damping three-cycle extremely-small curved surface lattice structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The shape memory effect refers to the special property of shape recovery of some metal materials after proper deformation, namely, the alloy is deformed under the action of external stress and can automatically recover to the original shape and size after being heated to a certain temperature. The nickel-titanium alloy with the components with the nearly equal atomic ratio has excellent shape memory effect, and is one of the dozens of known shape memory alloys with the best performance and the most extensive application. Besides the shape memory effect, the nickel-titanium alloy also has excellent superelasticity, high damping property, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like. The superelasticity refers to the phenomenon that the alloy is deformed by far more than the elastic limit strain amount under the action of an external force, and the strain can automatically recover when the alloy is unloaded. Based on the excellent performances, the nickel-titanium alloy has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, intelligent sensing and the like.
With the development of science and technology, people are no longer satisfied with the exploration of the earth, the competition of space exploration and space resources in the future will certainly become the focus of competition for interests in the international society, and the development of soft landing space detectors, carriers, lunar vehicles and seat buffers for astronauts is one of the key technologies for the development of the air and space technology in the future.
Although the conventional energy absorption device can absorb a large amount of energy generated in the impact process, the vibration generated after impact cannot be effectively reduced; the common vibration reduction structure can absorb vibration generated after impact, but cannot effectively reduce impact energy in the impact process and cannot play a role in protecting astronauts, deep space probes, lunar vehicles and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitation that the conventional energy absorption device and the conventional vibration reduction device cannot be integrated into a whole, the invention provides a nickel-titanium three-cycle extremely-small curved surface (TPMS) lattice structure with energy absorption and vibration reduction functions and a preparation method thereof. When the component is subjected to impact load, stress can be generated to induce martensite phase transformation, an austenite phase is transformed into a martensite phase, impact energy is absorbed, and a buffering and energy-absorbing effect is achieved; when vibration is applied, the martensite variants are reoriented, friction exists between variant interfaces, mechanical work is consumed to overcome the resistance of interface motion, vibration is inhibited, and damping characteristics are presented.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a method for preparing a nickel-titanium energy-absorbing and vibration-damping three-cycle extremely-small curved surface lattice structure is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) modeling the three-cycle extremely-small curved surface lattice structure to obtain a three-dimensional model;
(2) and (2) printing and forming the three-dimensional model in the step (1) by adopting a nickel-titanium alloy material and applying a laser selective melting method, wherein the three-period extremely-small curved surface lattice structure is printed layer by alternately using a first printing parameter and a second printing parameter, the first printing parameter enables the printed member to have a shape memory effect, and the second printing parameter enables the printed member to have superelasticity.
Preferably, the three-period extremely-small curved surface is a Gyroid curved surface.
Preferably, the three-period extremely-small curved surface is a Primitive curved surface.
Preferably, the three-period extremely-small curved surface is a Diamond curved surface.
Preferably, the first printing parameters are: the laser power is 300W-350W, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s-800mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.02mm-0.06mm, and the scanning interval is 0.1mm-0.2 mm.
Preferably, the second printing parameters are: the laser power is 200W-250W, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s-1000mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.02mm-0.06mm, and the scanning interval is 0.1mm-0.2 mm.
According to another aspect of the invention, the lattice structure of the nickel-titanium energy-absorbing and vibration-damping three-cycle minimum curved surface prepared by the method is provided.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
(1) the invention provides a nickel-titanium energy-absorbing vibration-damping TPMS lattice structure and a preparation method thereof. Therefore, the TPMS lattice structure has smooth curved surface, uniform curvature radius, more uniform stress distribution during bearing, stronger fatigue service performance, energy absorption capacity and the like. And (3) printing the TPMS lattice structure by using laser selective melting equipment, wherein different unit layers use different process parameters, the nickel-titanium shape memory effect printing parameters correspond to more generated martensite phases, and the nickel-titanium superelasticity printing parameters correspond to more generated austenite phases. When the component is impacted, stress can be generated to induce martensite phase transformation, austenite is transformed into martensite, energy is absorbed, and the effects of buffering and energy absorption are achieved; when the component is vibrated, the martensite variants are reoriented, friction exists between variant interfaces, mechanical work is consumed to overcome the resistance of interface motion, vibration is inhibited, and damping characteristics are presented.
Shape memory effect refers to the special property of certain metallic materials to recover shape after being deformed appropriately. A simple description of this phenomenon is: the alloy will deform under the action of external stress and will automatically recover its original shape and size after being heated to a certain temperature. Superelasticity means that shape recovery occurs during unloading.
(2) According to the invention, the technological parameters are regulated and controlled by using the selective laser melting equipment, so that the austenite phase transformation starting temperature of the TPMS lattice structure is higher than the working temperature, the martensite phase transformation starting temperature is lower than the working temperature, different layers show different phases, and further different mechanical properties are shown. Different printing parameters cause different energy densities of scanning areas, and because the nickel element evaporates faster than the titanium element, the nickel element content in the powder of different printing parameters is different, and the final phase-change temperature is different, wherein the lower the nickel element content is, the higher the phase-change temperature is.
(3) The TPMS lattice structure prepared by the method has smooth curved surface, uniform curvature radius, more uniform stress distribution during bearing, stronger fatigue service performance, energy absorption capacity and the like.
(4) The selective laser melting technology can enable the phases of different layers of the TPMS lattice structure to be different by regulating and controlling the process parameters, so that the final structure has the functions of energy absorption and vibration reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a selective laser melting apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
1-scanning a galvanometer; 2-a laser; 3-laser protective glasses; 4-a working chamber; 5-TPMS parts; 6-nickel titanium substrate; 7-a substrate-fixing base; 8-powder recovery jar; 9-a powder spreading roller; 10-powder falling cylinder.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of Gyroid structures in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Diamond structure in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Primitive structure in example 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of the compression test in example 1.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the results of the compression test in example 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention relates to a nickel-titanium energy-absorbing vibration-damping three-cycle minimum curved Surface structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the energy-absorbing vibration-damping structure is a three-cycle minimum curved Surface (TPMS) structure; and printing the TPMS structural part in the forming cavity by using a 3D printing technology. The 3D printing technology is a selective laser melting technology. The TPMS has different process parameters of different unit layers of the structure, and an austenite phase and a martensite phase are respectively generated.
The process parameters are respectively as follows: the printing parameters of the nickel titanium shape memory effect are: the laser power is 300W-350W, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s-800mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.02mm-0.06mm, and the scanning interval is 0.1mm-0.2 mm;
the printing parameters of the nickel-titanium superelasticity are as follows: the laser power is 200W-250W, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s-1000mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.02mm-0.06mm, and the scanning interval is 0.1mm-0.2 mm.
The invention provides a TPMS lattice structure capable of absorbing energy and reducing vibration by nickel and titanium and a preparation method thereof.
In some embodiments, the specific structure is a Gyroid structure in a TPMS structure.
In some embodiments, the Gyroid structures of the present invention have dimensions of 31.6mm × 31.6mm × 31.6mm, and a wall thickness of 0.2mm, and are arranged by 5 × 5 × 5 units.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nickel-titanium TPMS lattice structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) modeling a Gyroid structure by utilizing matlab software according to a mathematical formula to obtain a three-dimensional model, and exporting a stl format file; the Gyroid lattice structure is obtained by arraying Gyroid basic units along x, y and z axes.
(2) And (3) printing and forming the three-dimensional model according to the step (1) by using a selective laser melting device, wherein the 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th layers and the 2 nd and 4 th layers of the Gyroid lattice structure respectively use shape memory effect parameters and superelasticity parameters.
The present invention selects Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloy powders with a composition range of preferably 50.2 at.% to 50.6 at.% (atomic fraction) Ni content.
The invention preferably selects the printing parameters of the nickel-titanium shape memory effect as follows: the laser power is 300W-350W, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s-800mm/s, the powder layer thickness is 0.02mm-0.06mm, and the scanning interval is 0.1mm-0.2 mm.
The invention preferably selects the nickel titanium superelasticity printing parameters as follows: the laser power is 200W-250W, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s-1000mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.02mm-0.06mm, and the scanning interval is 0.1mm-0.2 mm.
The Gyroid lattice structure is printed by using selective laser melting equipment, and different layers use different process parameters to respectively generate an austenite phase and a martensite phase. When the component is impacted, stress can be generated to induce martensite phase transformation, austenite is transformed into martensite, energy is absorbed, and the effects of buffering and energy absorption are achieved; when the component is vibrated, the martensite variants are reoriented, friction exists between variant interfaces, mechanical work is consumed to overcome the resistance of interface motion, vibration is inhibited, and damping characteristics are presented.
According to the method, technological parameters are regulated and controlled by using selective laser melting equipment, so that the austenite phase transformation starting temperature of the Gyroid lattice structure is higher than the working temperature, the martensite phase transformation starting temperature is lower than the working temperature, different layers show different phases, and further different mechanical properties are shown. Different printing parameters cause different energy densities of scanning areas, and because the nickel element evaporates faster than the titanium element, the nickel element content in the powder of different printing parameters is different, and the final phase-change temperature is different, wherein the lower the nickel element content is, the higher the phase-change temperature is.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a selective laser melting apparatus according to the present invention, and the specific process flow is as follows:
s1: wiping the laser protective glasses 3 by using alcohol;
s2: nickel titanium powder is filled into a powder falling cylinder 10, and a three-dimensional part model derived through matlab software is imported into a software operation page of laser selective melting equipment;
s3: the nickel titanium substrate 6 is fixed on the substrate fixing base 7, and the substrate needs to be subjected to grinding and sand blasting in advance. The up-and-down movement of the substrate is controlled through an operation interface, so that the nickel-titanium alloy can be uniformly paved on the substrate and the thickness of the nickel-titanium alloy is about one powder paving layer thickness;
s4: after the cabin door is closed, filling inert protective gas, in this example argon, into the working cavity 4, finally enabling the oxygen content in the working cavity to be lower than 200ppm, and simultaneously preheating the substrate to 200 ℃;
s5: and inputting process parameters in an operating system for printing. The printing process of each layer of parts is that a powder spreading roller 9 spreads a layer of uniform nickel titanium powder on a nickel titanium substrate 6, laser generated by a laser 2 passes through a scanning vibrating mirror 1 and then penetrates through a laser protection mirror 3, the powder is melted and then solidified after being focused on the nickel titanium substrate 6, and the TPMS parts 5 are formed layer by layer finally. After printing, the unformed powder enters the powder recovery cylinder 8, the hatch door is opened, and the printed part is taken out.
Example 1
A TPMS lattice structure absorbing energy and vibration by nickel and titanium and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) modeling the Gyroid structure by utilizing matlab software according to a mathematical formula to obtain a three-dimensional model, and exporting the three-dimensional model into a stl format file.
(2) And (2) printing and forming the three-dimensional model according to the step (1) by using a selective laser melting device, wherein the 1 st layer, the 3 rd layer and the 5 th layer and the 2 nd layer and the 4 th layer of the Gyroid lattice structure respectively use a shape memory effect parameter and a superelasticity parameter.
(3) The printing parameters of the nickel titanium shape memory effect are as follows: the laser power is 320W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.03mm, and the scanning interval is 0.15 mm.
(4) The printing parameters of the nickel-titanium superelasticity are as follows: the laser power is 200W, the laser scanning speed is 800mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.03mm, and the scanning interval is 0.15 mm. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the Gyroid structure in the present embodiment.
(5) The printed structure is subjected to a compression test, an impact test and a vibration test, respectively. The compression test results are shown in fig. 5. The compression curve can be divided into three phases: first collapse phase, stress fluctuations caused by various strut fractures, and densification phase. The compaction was stopped before the densification stage was completed in this experiment, and thus the densification stage was not apparent. From fig. 5 we can see that the nitinol TPMS structure has a higher modulus of elasticity and yield stress relative to other materials.
Example 2
A TPMS lattice structure absorbing energy and vibration by nickel and titanium and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) modeling the Gyroid structure by utilizing matlab software according to a mathematical formula to obtain a three-dimensional model, and exporting the three-dimensional model into a stl format file.
(2) And (3) printing and forming according to the three-dimensional model in the step (1) by using a selective laser melting device, wherein the 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th layers and the 2 nd and 4 th layers of the Gyroid lattice structure respectively use shape memory effect parameters and superelasticity parameters.
(3) The printing parameters of the nickel titanium shape memory effect are as follows: the laser power is 330W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/s, the powder layer thickness is 0.03mm, and the scanning interval is 0.15 mm.
(4) The printing parameters of the nickel-titanium superelasticity are as follows: the laser power is 200W, the laser scanning speed is 800mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.03mm, and the scanning interval is 0.15 mm. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the Gyroid structure in the present embodiment.
(5) The printed structure is subjected to a compression test, an impact test and a vibration test, respectively.
Example 3
A TPMS lattice structure absorbing energy and vibration by nickel and titanium and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) modeling the Diamond structure by utilizing matlab software according to a mathematical formula to obtain a three-dimensional model, and exporting the three-dimensional model into a stl format file.
(2) And (3) printing and forming according to the three-dimensional model in the step (1) by using a selective laser melting device, wherein the 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th layers and the 2 nd and 4 th layers of the Diamond lattice structure respectively use shape memory effect parameters and superelasticity parameters.
(3) The printing parameters of the nickel titanium shape memory effect are as follows: the laser power is 320W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.03mm, and the scanning interval is 0.15 mm.
(4) The printing parameters of the nickel-titanium superelasticity are as follows: the laser power is 200W, the laser scanning speed is 800mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.03mm, and the scanning interval is 0.15 mm. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Diamond structure in this embodiment.
(5) The printed structure is subjected to a compression test, an impact test and a vibration test, respectively. The compression test results are shown in fig. 6. The compression curve can be divided into three phases: first collapse phase, stress fluctuations caused by various strut fractures, and densification phase. The compaction was stopped before the densification stage was completed in this experiment, and thus the densification stage was not apparent. From fig. 6 we can see that the nitinol TPMS structure has a higher modulus of elasticity and yield stress relative to other materials.
Example 4
A TPMS lattice structure absorbing energy and vibration by nickel and titanium and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) and modeling the Primitive structure by utilizing matlab software according to a mathematical formula to obtain a three-dimensional model, and exporting the three-dimensional model as a stl format file.
(2) And (3) printing and forming according to the three-dimensional model in the step (1) by using a selective laser melting device, wherein the 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th layers and the 2 nd and 4 th layers of the Primitive lattice structure respectively use shape memory effect parameters and superelasticity parameters.
(3) The printing parameters of the nickel titanium shape memory effect are as follows: the laser power is 320W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.03mm, and the scanning interval is 0.15 mm.
(4) The printing parameters of the nickel-titanium superelasticity are as follows: the laser power is 200W, the laser scanning speed is 800mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.03mm, and the scanning interval is 0.15 mm. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Primitive structure in this embodiment.
(5) The printed structure is subjected to a compression test, an impact test and a vibration test, respectively.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, since various modifications, substitutions and improvements within the spirit and scope of the invention are possible and within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a three-cycle extremely-small curved surface lattice structure with nickel titanium energy absorption and vibration reduction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) modeling the three-cycle extremely-small curved surface lattice structure to obtain a three-dimensional model;
(2) and (2) printing and forming the three-dimensional model in the step (1) by adopting a nickel-titanium alloy material and applying a laser selective melting method, wherein the three-period extremely-small curved surface lattice structure is printed layer by alternately using a first printing parameter and a second printing parameter, the first printing parameter enables the printed member to have a shape memory effect, and the second printing parameter enables the printed member to have superelasticity.
2. The method for preparing the lattice structure of the nickel titanium energy-absorbing vibration-damping three-cycle extremely-small curved surface of claim 1, wherein the three-cycle extremely-small curved surface is a Gyroid curved surface.
3. The method for preparing the lattice structure of the nickel-titanium energy-absorbing and vibration-damping three-period extremely-small curved surface of claim 1, wherein the three-period extremely-small curved surface is a Primitive curved surface.
4. The method for preparing the lattice structure of the nickel titanium energy-absorbing vibration-damping three-cycle extremely-small curved surface of claim 1, wherein the three-cycle extremely-small curved surface is a Diamond curved surface.
5. The method for preparing the nickel-titanium energy-absorbing vibration-damping three-cycle-minimum-curved-surface lattice structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first printing parameters are as follows: the laser power is 300W-350W, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s-800mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.02mm-0.06mm, and the scanning interval is 0.1mm-0.2 mm.
6. The method for preparing the nickel-titanium energy-absorbing vibration-damping three-cycle extremely-small curved lattice structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second printing parameters are as follows: the laser power is 200W-250W, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s-1000mm/s, the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.02mm-0.06mm, and the scanning interval is 0.1mm-0.2 mm.
7. The lattice structure of the nickel titanium energy-absorbing and damping three-cycle extremely-small curved surface prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN111842888A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-30 | 华中科技大学 | 4D printing method of nickel titanium based ternary shape memory alloy |
| CN111842887A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-30 | 华中科技大学 | Temperature control self-deformation device based on 4D printing and preparation method thereof |
| CN112080669A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-15 | 吉林大学 | NiTi shape memory alloy with energy absorption and vibration reduction functions and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112475319A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-12 | 华中科技大学 | 4D forming method and product of nickel-titanium alloy component with deformation recovery and quick response |
| CN112658279A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-16 | 华南理工大学 | Method for in-situ treatment of 4D printing component |
| CN113134630A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-20 | 山东大学 | Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component and preparation method thereof |
| CN113171209A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-27 | 山东大学 | Additive manufacturing nickel-titanium alloy femoral stem prosthesis and preparation method thereof |
| CN113414405A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-21 | 西北工业大学 | Method for adjusting morphology of laser additive manufacturing crystal grains |
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