CN114943191B - Personnel emergency escape path planning method under ship water inflow condition and computer equipment - Google Patents
Personnel emergency escape path planning method under ship water inflow condition and computer equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a personnel emergency escape path planning method under the condition of ship water inflow. The personnel emergency escape path planning method comprises the following steps: step 1: the water inflow of the ship is simulated, and the water inflow change condition of the ship body, the water level height change condition of the water inflow cabin and the ship body movement angle are monitored; step 2: planning a path for personnel escaping from a water inlet area to an outlet of the water inlet area by taking the water inlet time as a temporary safety check factor; step 3: and checking the planned path of the step 2 by taking the MSC specified evacuation time as a safety index. The invention is used for solving the problem of how to select the optimal escape route when water enters the ship.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of path planning, in particular to a personnel emergency escape path planning method and computer equipment under the condition of ship water inflow.
Background
With the development of ocean energy development technology, the demand of various countries for ships is increasing, and the ship is becoming larger and has become a trend of the development of the ship industry. The increase of marine structures on the sea surface increases the probability of damage accidents of the ship, and has great potential safety hazards. Once the outer plate of the large ship is damaged, seawater flows in, so that the cargo is damaged, the personnel are panicked, and economic loss and casualties are caused.
Vessel breakage may cause large amounts of ballast and free water to occur within the hull, which may cause the vessel to capsize before static equilibrium is reached, and the duration of the capsizing process is very short. There is no research significance for the case where capsizing occurs in a very short time, as opposed to the evacuation of people. In the case of a broken ship, the broken ship is not overturned in a short time, but gradually becomes stable and reaches a new balance after the ship is severely rocked, at this time, the ship is balanced at a certain inclination angle or slightly fluctuates within a certain inclination angle range, and although the ship is gradually stable and not overturned, the ship needs to be quickly evacuated due to a plurality of unstable factors existing on the sea. Due to the water entering the cabin, the escape route of the personnel needs to be adjusted, and the escape route selected by the personnel in different areas (the area refers to the interval divided longitudinally in the length range of the cabin) is also different, so the escape route of the personnel needs to be planned for the different areas. People in the water inlet area need to escape from the water inlet area firstly, then, the people go to the collecting station from the relatively safe area, and after receiving the alarm signal, the people in the water inlet area go to the collecting station according to the planned route (taking the water inlet area as an unavailable area for avoiding).
According to the method, aiming at the ship water inflow condition, the water inflow time is used as a temporary safety check factor to optimize the path of people escaping from the water inflow region, the MSC stipulates the evacuation time to be used as a safety check factor to optimize the path of the whole ship evacuation, and finally, the personnel emergency escape path planning method for the ship water inflow condition is constructed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a personnel emergency escape path planning method and computer equipment under the condition of water inflow of a ship, which are used for solving the problem of how to select an optimal escape path when water inflow occurs to the ship.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the personnel emergency escape path planning method under the condition of ship water inflow comprises the following steps:
step 1: the water inflow of the ship is simulated, and the water inflow change condition of the ship body, the water level height change condition of the water inflow cabin and the ship body movement angle are monitored;
step 2: planning a path for personnel escaping from a water inlet area to an outlet of the water inlet area by taking the water inlet time as a temporary safety check factor;
step 3: and checking the planned path of the step 2 by taking the MSC specified evacuation time as a safety index.
Further, the fluid solution domain is divided into a limited number of control volumes adjacent to each other, and a conservation equation is applied to each control volume, the conservation equation being:
wherein phi is a general variable; v is the control volume; Γ is the generalized diffusion coefficient; s is a generalized source term; t is time; ρ is the density.
Further, the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:
step 2.1: acquiring all evacuation routes from the starting point to the outlet of the water inlet area;
step 2.2: solving the travel time T of all evacuation routes from the starting point to the outlet of the water inlet area in the step 2.1 S ，
Step 2.3: determining water inlet time;
step 2.4: judgment T S If the time is less than the water inlet time of the ship, selecting the path with the shortest time from the paths conforming to the water inlet time as the optimal evacuation path of the water inlet area, and taking the rest paths conforming to the requirements as alternative paths.
Further, the step 2.2 solves the travel time T of all evacuation routes from the starting point to the outlet of the water inlet area S The specific method comprises the following steps:
wherein R is the evacuation reaction time of personnel; t (T) L For evacuation route length; v is the walking speed of the personnel;
the method for calculating the walking speed of the person comprises the following steps:
v＝v 0 ·γ·k (3)
wherein v is 0 Represents the initial speed of the person, k is the effect of the ship inclination on the walking speedSound, gamma is the coefficient of reduction of water depth to personnel speed
The reduction coefficient gamma of the water depth to the personnel speed is as follows:
γ＝-0.00526x+1 (4)
wherein x is the water depth.
Further, the step 2.3 specifically includes: the water inlet time is the total time of instantaneous water inlet and continuous water inlet, when the instantaneous water inlet speed at the break point is about 0, the water inlet is considered to be ended when the ship is not fed with water any more, the water inlet speed at the break point is s calculated through the total water inlet amount change in the unit time of the ship body, the flow velocity difference at each break point is not considered, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein q is the total water inflow in the ship body; q (t) is the total water inflow of the ship body in the t time period; q (t+Δt) is the total water intake in the hull for the period t+Δt; a is the area of the break; q (t+delta t) -q (t) is the water inflow of the ship body at delta t, and dividing the water inflow by the break area A to obtain the instant water inflow speed of the break at the moment t;
and (3) processing the water inflow change curve of the ship by the formula (11) to obtain an instantaneous water inflow speed change curve, and judging that water inflow is finished when v tends to 0.
Further, the step 3 specifically includes the following steps:
step 3.1: acquiring all evacuation routes from a starting point to a collection station, avoiding a water inlet area as an unavailable area, and acquiring the number N of branch paths of each evacuation route and the inclination angle of a ship body;
step 3.2: based on all the evacuation routes in the step 1, calculating the walking speed v and the specific flow F of the personnel on the evacuation route S ；
Step 3.3: calculating the evacuation time T of each evacuation route;
step 3.4: based on the steps 3.1 to 3.3, judging whether the evacuation time T of each evacuation route accords with the MSC specification, selecting the path with the shortest evacuation time from the evacuation routes with the evacuation time accords with the MSC specification as the optimal path, and selecting other paths with the evacuation time consistent with the MSC specification as the alternative paths.
Further, evacuation safety is calculated as follows:
wherein R is the evacuation reaction time of personnel; n is the maximum allowable evacuation time; e is the time of boarding the lifeboat, and La is the time of launching the lifeboat into the sea; t (T) 1 Is the total evacuation time.
Further, the total evacuation time T is calculated as follows:
T 1 ＝δ·t l
wherein, t is calculated by the step 2 l Evacuating to a muster station travel time for the origin; delta is a correction coefficient, and 1.3 is taken; l (L) j In the path scheme, i is an evacuated people stream, and j branch paths are included in the evacuation route; l (L) y For the length of the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; v y For the speed of the person in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; n (N) y For the total number of people in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; f (F) sy A specific flow in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; w (W) cy For the static width in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route.
Further, the step 3.4 specifically includes:
step 3.4.1: if all people are safely evacuated in the evacuation time specified by the MSC, the path is considered as an emergency escape preferred path for the people, and if only one preferred path exists, the path is the optimal path; if a plurality of preferred paths occur, the path with the shortest evacuation time in all the preferred paths is the optimal path, and the rest paths are alternative paths;
step 3.4.2: if all people complete evacuation within the time of MSC specified evacuation, the evacuation capability analysis under other paths needs to be verified, and if the preferred path appears, the method is implemented according to the step 3.4.1; if any path evacuation does not meet the MSC specification, the layout is required to be re-planned, and the steps 1-3 are repeated.
A computer device comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of any one of the methods described above when the processor executes the computer program.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
aiming at the water inlet condition of the ship, considering the water inlet condition and the special escape of ship personnel, various factors which influence the escape of the personnel possibly exist when the passage is evacuated, the evacuation path of the ship personnel is required to be not only one, but a plurality of, even all the alternative path schemes.
The evacuation capability of the ship personnel is evaluated in the early design stage, and the optimal evacuation route for emergency escape of the personnel is planned, so that the method has great value and social significance for ship design, emergency scene setting, evacuation plan making and even promotion of the improvement of the safety of shipping industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a broken water intake process of a ship.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the FLUENT software simulation of water intake for a ship.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of step 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the total evacuation time of MSC personnel.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of step 3.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for planning the emergency escape path of the personnel under the condition of water intake of the ship comprises the following steps:
step 1: based on a CFD method, FLUENT software simulates water inflow of a ship, and monitors the water inflow change condition of the ship body, the water level height change condition of a water inflow cabin and the movement angle (including rolling and pitching) of the ship body; (ComputationalFluid Dynamics), computational fluid dynamics, is the mathematical principle of numerical simulation by CFD software;
step 2: planning a path for personnel escaping from a water inlet area to an outlet of the water inlet area by taking the water inlet time as a temporary safety check factor;
step 3: and checking the planned path of the step 2 by taking the MSC specified evacuation time as a safety index.
The invention relates to a personnel emergency escape path planning method under the condition of ship water inflow, in particular to a ship water inflow process schematic diagram, which is characterized in that a CFD method is adopted, FLUENT software is utilized to simulate the ship damage water inflow process, data are provided for subsequent calculation, and in addition, FIG. 3 is a flow chart of FLUENT software simulation ship water inflow simulation. CFD software utilizes Finite Volume Method (FVM). Dividing the fluid solution domain into a limited number of mutually adjacent control volumes, applying a conservation equation to each control volume, the conservation equation being:
wherein phi is a general variable; v is the control volume; Γ is the generalized diffusion coefficient; s is a generalized source term; t is time; ρ is the density.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of step 2, wherein step 2 specifically includes the following steps:
step 2.1: acquiring all evacuation routes from the starting point to the outlet of the water inlet area;
step 2.2: solving the travel time T of all evacuation routes from the starting point to the outlet of the water inlet area in the step 2.1 S ，
Step 2.3: determining water inlet time;
step 2.4: judgment T S If the time is less than the water inlet time of the ship, selecting the path with the shortest time from the paths conforming to the water inlet time as the optimal evacuation path of the water inlet area, and taking the rest paths conforming to the requirements as alternative paths.
A planning method for personnel emergency escape route under water inlet condition of ship, which comprises the following steps of 2.2 solving travel time T of all evacuation routes from starting point to water inlet area outlet S The specific method comprises the following steps:
wherein R is the evacuation reaction time of the personnel, and 60s is taken; t (T) L Length (m) for evacuation route; v is the walking speed (m/s) of the person;
the calculation method of the personnel walking speed v (m/s) comprises the following steps:
v＝v 0 ·γ·k (3)
wherein v is 0 Represents the initial speed (m/s) of personnel, k is the influence of ship inclination on the walking speed, and gamma is the reduction coefficient of water depth on the speed of personnel
The reduction coefficient gamma of the water depth to the personnel speed is as follows:
γ＝-0.00526x+1 (4)
wherein x is the water depth (0-50 cm); because the water inlet of the cabin is a continuous and changing process, the water depth is obtained from the first part when all people begin to withdraw, namely the water level of the cabin at 60s, in order to simplify the calculation.
The reduction coefficient of the influence on the personnel speed under the inclination condition is obtained by statistics of relevant literature experience data and linear interpolation, the condition that the transverse inclination and the longitudinal inclination coexist is comprehensively considered, the inclination angle is a stable phase inclination angle, and the specific inclination angle is obtained in the step 1.
The reduction coefficient k' in the case of lateral tilting is calculated as:
stair (upward walk)
Stair (downward)
Corridor
Wherein psi is the transverse inclination;
reduction factor k in the case of longitudinal tilting 2 The calculation formula is as follows:
corridor
Stair (upward walk)
Stair (downward)
Wherein the method comprises the steps of
Is the pitch angle.
A personnel emergency escape path planning method under the condition of ship water inflow, wherein the step 2.3 specifically comprises the following steps: the water inlet time is the total time of instantaneous water inlet and continuous water inlet, when the instantaneous water inlet speed at the break point is about 0, the water inlet is considered to be the water inlet end without water inlet, and the water inlet speed s (m) 3 And/s) calculating through the total water inflow change in the unit time of the ship body, and not considering the difference of flow velocity at each break, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
wherein q is the total water intake (m 3 ) Acquiring a water inflow change curve from the step 1; q (t) is the total water inflow of the ship body in the t time period; q (t+Δt) is the total water intake in the hull for the period t+Δt; a is the break area (m) 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the q (t+delta t) -q (t) is the water inflow of the ship body at delta t, and dividing the water inflow by the break area A to obtain the instant water inflow speed of the break at the moment t;
and (3) processing the water inflow change curve of the ship by the formula (11) to obtain an instantaneous water inflow speed change curve, and judging that water inflow is finished when v tends to 0.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of step 3, wherein step 3 specifically includes the following steps:
step 3.1: acquiring all evacuation routes from a starting point to a collection station, avoiding a water inlet area as an unavailable area, and acquiring the number N of branch paths of each evacuation route and the inclination angle of a ship body;
step 3.2: based on all the evacuation routes in the step 1, calculating the walking speed v and the specific flow F of the personnel on the evacuation route S ；
Step 3.3: calculating the evacuation time T of each evacuation route;
step 3.4: based on the steps 3.1 to 3.3, judging whether the evacuation time T of each evacuation route accords with the MSC specification, selecting the path with the shortest evacuation time from the evacuation routes with the evacuation time accords with the MSC specification as the optimal path, and selecting other paths with the evacuation time consistent with the MSC specification as the alternative paths.
A planning method for personnel emergency escape route under the condition of ship water intake is shown in figure 5, which is a schematic diagram based on total evacuation time of MSC personnel. The evacuation safety refers to the theoretical maximum allowable evacuation time from the disaster occurrence to the total safety evacuation of the personnel, which is specified by the general rule, and is the key of the whole evacuation capability assessment system.
The evacuation safety is calculated as follows:
wherein R is the evacuation reaction time of the personnel, and the same value as that adopted in the step 2 is adopted for 60s; n is the maximum allowed evacuation time. If the number of the fireproof main vertical areas of the offshore building is not more than 3, n is 60; if the number of the main vertical areas exceeds 3, n is 80; e and La are the time of boarding the lifeboat and launching the lifeboat into the sea respectively, and the maximum value of the E and La is 30min by default under the general condition; e is the time of boarding the lifeboat, and La is the time of launching the lifeboat into the sea; t (T) 1 Is the total evacuation time.
The method for planning the emergency escape path of the personnel under the condition of water intake of the ship comprises the following steps of:
T 1 ＝δ·t l
wherein, the method is calculated by the step 2; t is t l Evacuating to the muster station travel time(s) for the origin; delta is a correction coefficient, and 1.3 is taken; l (L) j In the path scheme, i is an evacuated people stream, and j branch paths are included in the evacuation route; l (L) y For the length of the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; v y For the speed of the person in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; n (N) y For the total number of people in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; f (F) sy A specific flow in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; w (W) cy For the static width in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route.
Static width (W) C ): the width measured from the handrail of the corridor and stairway, and the width (m) of the passageway with the door in an open condition.
Path length (L): when people escape in emergency, the distance length (m) of the personnel passing through the corridor, the stairway and other facilities. Initial Density
Dividing the number of persons (p) on the evacuation route by the available evacuation route surface (p/m 2 ). The person walking speed v (m/s) is calculated by the following formula:
v＝v 0 ·k 1 ·k'·k" (14)
v 0 representing the initial speed of the person, taking 1.2m/s, k 1 The influence of the personnel density on the walking speed is represented by the following specific formula:
wherein N is the total number of people (p) in the path; l is the path length (m); w (W) C Is the static width (m) of the path.
k', k "represent the coefficient of reduction of the trim of the ship body to the speed of personnel, and the specific formulas are formulas (5) to (10).
Personnel specific flow F S The (p/m/s) is obtained by interpolation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein N is the total number of people (p) in the path; l is the path length (m); w (W) C Is the static width (m) of the path.
A planning method for a personnel emergency escape path under the condition of ship water inflow is provided, wherein the personnel emergency escape shortest path can be obtained by methods such as basic measuring, algorithm grabbing, software simulation and the like. And based on the obtained shortest route, carrying out emergency escape condition simulation on personnel, and checking whether the route is an optimal route by taking the evacuation time specified by the MSC as a safety index.
The step 3.4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.4.1: if all people are safely evacuated in the evacuation time specified by the MSC, the path is considered as an emergency escape preferred path for the people, and if only one preferred path exists, the path is the optimal path; if a plurality of preferred paths occur, the path with the shortest evacuation time in all the preferred paths is the optimal path, and the rest paths are alternative paths;
step 3.4.2: if all people complete evacuation within the time of MSC specified evacuation, the evacuation capability analysis under other paths needs to be verified, and if the preferred path appears, the method is implemented according to the step 3.4.1; if any path evacuation does not meet the MSC specification, the layout is required to be re-planned, and the steps 1-3 are repeated.
A computer device comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of any one of the methods described above when the processor executes the computer program.
Claims (7)
1. The personnel emergency escape path planning method under the condition of ship water inflow is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: the water inflow of the ship is simulated, and the water inflow change condition of the ship body, the water level height change condition of the water inflow cabin and the ship body movement angle are monitored;
step 2: planning a path for personnel escaping from a water inlet area to an outlet of the water inlet area by taking water inlet time as a temporary safety check factor based on the water inlet amount change condition of the ship body and the water level height change condition of the water inlet cabin in the step 1;
step 3: checking the planning path of the step 2 by taking the MSC specified evacuation time as a safety index;
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: acquiring all evacuation routes from the starting point to the outlet of the water inlet area;
step 2.2: solving the travel time T of all evacuation routes from the starting point to the outlet of the water inlet area in the step 2.1 S ，
Step 2.3: determining water inlet time;
step 2.4: judgment T S If the time is less than the water inlet time of the ship, selecting the path with the shortest time from the paths conforming to the water inlet time as the optimal evacuation path of the water inlet area, and taking the rest paths conforming to the requirements as alternative paths;
said step 2.2 solving the travel time T of all evacuation routes from the start point to the exit of the water intake zone S The specific method comprises the following steps:
wherein R is the evacuation reaction time of personnel; t (T) L The time required for evacuation; v is the walking speed of the personnel; l is the length of the evacuation route;
the calculation method of the walking speed v of the person comprises the following steps:
v＝v 0 ·γ·k (3)
wherein v is 0 The initial speed of the personnel is represented, k is the influence of the ship inclination on the walking speed, and gamma is the reduction coefficient of the water depth on the speed of the personnel;
the reduction coefficient gamma of the water depth to the personnel speed is as follows:
γ＝-0.00526x+1 (4)
wherein x is the water depth;
the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: acquiring all evacuation routes from a starting point to a collection station, avoiding a water inlet area as an unavailable area, and acquiring the number N of branch paths of each evacuation route and the inclination angle of a ship body;
step 3.2: based on all the evacuation routes in the step 1, calculating the walking speed v and the specific flow F of the personnel on the evacuation route S ；
Step 3.3: calculating the evacuation time T of each evacuation route;
step 3.4: based on the steps 3.1 to 3.3, judging whether the evacuation time T of each evacuation route accords with the MSC specification, selecting the path with the shortest evacuation time from the evacuation routes with the evacuation time accords with the MSC specification as the optimal path, and selecting other paths with the evacuation time consistent with the MSC specification as the alternative paths.
2. The method for planning a personnel emergency escape route in the case of water intake of a ship according to claim 1, wherein the fluid solving domain is divided into a limited number of control bodies adjacent to each other, and a conservation equation is applied to each control body, the conservation equation being:
wherein phi is a general variable; v is the control volume; Γ is the generalized diffusion coefficient; s is a generalized source term; t is time; ρ is the density.
3. The method for planning an emergency escape path for personnel in the case of water intake of a ship according to claim 1, wherein the step 2.3 is specifically: the water inlet time is the total time of instantaneous water inlet and continuous water inlet, when the instantaneous water inlet speed at the break point tends to 0, the water inlet is judged to be finished after the ship is not fed with water any more, the water inlet time at the break point is calculated through the total water inlet change in unit time of the ship body, the flow velocity difference at each break point is not considered, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein q is the total water inflow in the ship body; q (t) is the total water inflow of the ship body in the t time period; q (t+Δt) is the total water intake in the hull for the period t+Δt; a is the area of the break; q (t+delta t) -q (t) is the water inflow of the ship body at delta t, and dividing the water inflow by the break area A to obtain the instant water inflow speed of the break at the moment t;
and (3) processing the water inflow change curve of the ship by the formula (11) to obtain an instantaneous water inflow speed change curve, and judging that water inflow is finished when v tends to 0.
4. A method for planning a personnel emergency escape route in the case of water intake of a ship according to claim 1, wherein the evacuation safety is calculated as follows:
wherein R is the evacuation reaction time of personnel; n is the maximum allowable evacuation time; e is the time of boarding the lifeboat, and La is the time of launching the lifeboat into the sea; t (T) 1 Is the total evacuation time.
5. A method for planning a personnel emergency escape route in the case of a water intake of a ship according to claim 1, wherein the total evacuation time T is calculated 1 The calculation can be made as follows:
T 1 ＝δ·t l
wherein t is l Evacuating to a muster station travel time for the origin; delta is a correction coefficient, and 1.3 is taken; l (L) j In the path scheme, i is an evacuated people stream, and j branch paths are included in the evacuation route; l (L) y For the length of the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; v y For the speed of the person in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; n (N) y For the total number of people in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; f (F) sy A specific flow in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; w (W) cy For the static width in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route.
6. The method for planning an emergency escape path for personnel in the case of water intake of a ship according to claim 1, wherein the step 3.4 is specifically:
step 3.4.1: if all people are safely evacuated in the evacuation time specified by the MSC, the path is considered as an emergency escape preferred path for the people, and if only one preferred path exists, the path is the optimal path; if a plurality of preferred paths occur, the path with the shortest evacuation time in all the preferred paths is the optimal path, and the rest paths are alternative paths;
step 3.4.2: if all people complete evacuation within the time of MSC specified evacuation, the evacuation capability analysis under other paths needs to be verified, and if the preferred path appears, the method is implemented according to the step 3.4.1; if any path evacuation does not meet the MSC specification, the layout is required to be re-planned, and the steps 1-3 are repeated.
7. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1-6 when the computer program is executed.
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