CN114943191B - Method and computer equipment for personnel emergency escape path planning in the case of ship flooding - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planning an emergency escape route for personnel in the case of water ingress in a ship. The method for planning an emergency escape path for personnel includes the following steps: Step 1: Simulate the water inflow of a ship, monitor the change of the water inflow of the hull, the change of the water level of the inflow cabin, and the movement angle of the hull; Step 2: use the time of water inflow as a temporary safety calibration Kernel factors plan the path for people in the water inflow area to escape to the exit of the water inflow area; Step 3: Use the evacuation time specified by MSC as a safety indicator to check the planned path in step 2. The invention is used to solve the problem of how to choose the optimal escape route when the ship is flooded.

Description

A method and computer for personnel emergency escape path planning under the condition of ship flooding equipment

technical field

The invention relates to the field of path planning, in particular to a method and computer equipment for emergency escape path planning for personnel in the case of water ingress in a ship.

Background technique

With the development of marine energy development technology, the demand for ships in various countries is increasing, and the large-scale ship has become the development trend of the ship industry. The increase of marine structures on the sea will increase the probability of ship damage accidents, which poses a great safety hazard. Once the outer plate of a large ship is damaged, seawater will flood in, causing damage to cargo, panic among personnel, economic losses and casualties.

Ship damage may cause a large amount of ballast water and free water in the hull, which may cause the ship to capsize before reaching static equilibrium, and the duration of the capsizing process is very short. Compared with personnel evacuation, there is no research significance for the situation of overturning in a very short time. However, after the damage occurred, the damage and flooding did not cause the ship to capsize in a short period of time, but gradually stabilized and reached a new balance after the ship shook violently. At this time, the ship was balanced at a certain inclination angle or at a certain Small fluctuations in the inclination range, although the ship gradually stabilized and did not capsize, but due to many unstable factors at sea, the crew on board also needed to be evacuated quickly. Due to the water ingress in the cabin, the evacuation route of personnel also needs to be adjusted, and the escape routes chosen by the personnel in different areas (area refers to the section longitudinally divided within the length of the subdivision) are also different, so it is necessary to target different areas Plan escape routes for personnel. People in the flooded area first need to escape from the flooded area, and then go to the assembly station from a relatively safe area. After receiving the alarm signal, the people in the non-watered area follow the planned route (remove the flooded area Avoid as an unusable area) Go to the assembly station.

Aiming at the flooding situation of the ship, the present invention uses the flooding time as a temporary safety check factor to optimize the route for people in the flooded area to escape from the flooded area, and uses the evacuation time specified by MSC as a safety check factor to optimize the evacuation route of the whole ship , and finally construct an emergency evacuation route planning method for personnel in the case of water ingress, which is an optimal evacuation route for personnel in the case of water ingress.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a personnel emergency evacuation path planning method and computer equipment in the case of water ingress in a ship. The invention is used to solve the problem of how to select the optimal escape route when a water ingress occurs in a ship.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

A method for planning an emergency escape route for personnel under the condition of water ingress in a ship, the method for planning an emergency escape route for personnel comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Simulate the water ingress of the ship, monitor the change of the water inflow of the hull, the change of the water level of the inflow cabin and the movement angle of the hull;

Step 2: Use the time of water ingress as a temporary safety check factor to plan the path for people in the water inflow area to escape to the exit of the water inflow area;

Step 3: Use the evacuation time specified by MSC as a safety indicator to check the planned path of Step 2.

Further, the fluid solution domain is divided into a finite number of control volumes adjacent to each other, and the conservation equation is applied to each control volume. The conservation equation is:

Among them, φ is the universal variable; V is the control volume; Γ is the generalized diffusion coefficient; S is the generalized source term; t is time; ρ is density.

Further, the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:

Step 2.1: Obtain all evacuation routes from the starting point to the exit of the flooded area;

Step 2.2: Solve the travel time T _S of all evacuation routes from the starting point to the exit of the flooded area in step 2.1,

Step 2.3: Determine the water inflow time;

Step 2.4: Determine whether T _S is less than the flooding time of the ship, and select the route with the shortest time from the routes that meet the flooding time as the optimal evacuation route for the flooded area, and the remaining routes that meet the requirements are used as alternative routes.

Further, the step 2.2 solves the travel time T _S of all evacuation routes from the starting point to the outlet of the flooded area. The specific method is:

Among them, R is the response time of personnel evacuation; T _L is the length of the evacuation route; v is the walking speed of personnel;

The calculation method of described personnel walking speed is:

v＝v ₀ ·γ·k (3)

Among them, v ₀ represents the initial velocity of personnel, k is the influence of ship tilt on walking speed, γ is the reduction coefficient of water depth on personnel velocity

The reduction coefficient γ of the water depth to the personnel speed is:

γ=-0.00526x+1 (4)

Among them, x is the water depth.

Further, the step 2.3 is specifically as follows: the water ingress time is the total time of instantaneous water ingress and continuous water ingress, when the instantaneous water ingress velocity at the breach tends to 0, it indicates that the ship is no longer water ingress and can be identified as ingress. When the water is over, this stage is the water inflow time, and the water inflow speed at the breach is s, which is calculated by the change of the total water inflow per unit time of the hull, without considering the difference in flow velocity at each breach, the specific formula is:

Among them, q is the total water inflow in the hull; q(t) is the total water inflow in the hull during the t time period; q(t+Δt) is the total water inflow in the hull in the t+Δt time period; A is the breach area; q( t+Δt)-q(t) is the water inflow of the hull at the time Δt, divided by the breach area A to obtain the instantaneous water intake velocity of the breach at time t;

The change curve of the water inflow of the ship is processed by the formula (11), and the instantaneous water inflow speed change curve is obtained. When v tends to 0, it can be judged that the water inflow is over.

Further, the step 3 specifically includes the following steps:

Step 3.1: Obtain all evacuation routes from the starting point to the assembly station, avoid the flooded area as an unusable area, and obtain the number of people N and the inclination angle of the hull in each evacuation route branch path;

Step 3.2: Based on all the evacuation routes in step 1, calculate the walking speed v and the specific flow rate F _S of the personnel on the evacuation route;

Step 3.3: Calculate the evacuation time T of each evacuation route;

Step 3.4: Based on steps 3.1 to 3.3, judge whether the evacuation time T of each evacuation route complies with the MSC regulations. Among the evacuation routes whose evacuation time meets the MSC regulations, select the path with the shortest evacuation time as the optimal route, and other routes that meet the MSC regulations are Alternate paths.

Further, the evacuation safety is calculated as follows:

Where R is the response time of personnel evacuation; n is the maximum allowable evacuation time; E is the time to board the lifeboat, La is the time for the lifeboat to launch into the sea; _T1 is the total evacuation time.

Further, to calculate the total evacuation time T, it can be calculated as follows:

T ₁ = δ·t _l

Among them, calculated from step 2, t _l is the travel time from the starting point to the assembly station; δ is the correction coefficient, which is 1.3; L _j is the path plan, i is the flow of evacuated people, and this evacuation route contains j branch paths; L _y is the length of the yth branch path in the evacuation route; v _y is the speed of personnel in the yth branch path in the evacuation route; N _y is the total number of people in the yth branch path in the evacuation route ; F _sy is the specific flow in the yth branch path of the evacuation route; W _cy is the static width of the yth branch path in the evacuation route.

Further, the step 3.4 is specifically:

Step 3.4.1: If all personnel are safely evacuated within the evacuation time specified by the MSC, the path is considered to be the preferred path for personnel emergency escape. If there is only one optimal path, it is the optimal path; if there are multiple optimal paths, then The path with the shortest evacuation time among all optimal paths is the optimal path, and the rest are alternative paths;

Step 3.4.2: If all personnel complete the evacuation within the evacuation time specified by MSC, the analysis of evacuation capabilities under other paths still needs to be verified. If there is an optimal path, follow step 3.4.1; Re-plan the layout and repeat steps 1-3.

A computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of any one of the methods described above when executing the computer program.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention is aimed at the water ingress of the ship, considering the particularity of the water ingress and the escape of the ship personnel, there may be many factors affecting the escape of the personnel when the channel is evacuated, and it is required that there should be multiple evacuation paths for the ship personnel. In the present invention, time is used as a check factor to optimize the route, and the time of water ingress is used as a temporary safety check factor to optimize the route for people in the water inflow area to escape from the water inflow area, and the MSC stipulates The evacuation time is used as a safety check factor to optimize the route of the whole ship, and finally construct the optimal evacuation route for personnel emergency evacuation and escape under the condition of water ingress, which is a method for planning the emergency escape route of personnel in the case of ship flooding.

Evaluating the evacuation capability of ship personnel in the early stage of design and planning the optimal evacuation route for personnel emergency escape are of great value and social significance for ship design, emergency scenario setting, formulation of evacuation plans, and promotion of the safety of the shipping industry.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall flow chart of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the process of ship damage and water ingress.

Figure 3 is a flow chart of FLUENT software simulating water ingress simulation of ships.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of step 2.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the total evacuation time of MSC personnel.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of step 3.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

A method for planning an emergency escape route for personnel under the water ingress situation of a ship, as shown in Figure 1, the method for planning an emergency escape route for personnel comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Based on the CFD method, the FLUENT software simulates the water intake of the ship, monitors the change of the water intake of the hull, the water level of the water intake compartment, and the movement angle of the ship (including roll and pitch); (Computational FluidDynamics), that is, computational fluid dynamics , is the mathematical principle of CFD software for numerical simulation;

Step 2: Use the time of water ingress as a temporary safety check factor to plan the path for people in the water inflow area to escape to the exit of the water inflow area;

Step 3: Use the evacuation time specified by MSC as a safety indicator to check the planned path of Step 2.

A method for planning an emergency escape route for personnel in the case of water ingress in a ship. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the water ingress process of a ship. The present invention adopts the CFD method and uses FLUENT software to simulate the process of water ingress due to damage to a ship to provide data for subsequent calculations. Fig. 3 It is a flow chart of FLUENT software simulating ship flooding simulation. CFD software utilizes the finite volume method (FVM). The fluid solution domain is divided into a finite number of control volumes adjacent to each other, and the conservation equation is applied to each control volume. The conservation equation is:

Among them, φ is the universal variable; V is the control volume; Γ is the generalized diffusion coefficient; S is the generalized source term; t is time; ρ is density.

A method for planning an emergency escape path for people in the case of water ingress in a ship, Figure 4 is a flow chart of step 2, and the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:

Step 2.1: Obtain all evacuation routes from the starting point to the exit of the flooded area;

Step 2.2: Solve the travel time T _S of all evacuation routes from the starting point to the exit of the flooded area in step 2.1,

Step 2.3: Determine the water inflow time;

Step 2.4: Determine whether T _S is less than the flooding time of the ship, and select the route with the shortest time from the routes that meet the flooding time as the optimal evacuation route for the flooded area, and the remaining routes that meet the requirements are used as alternative routes.

A method for planning emergency evacuation routes for people under the water flooding situation of a ship, the specific method for solving the travel time T _S of all evacuation routes from the starting point to the exit of the flooded area in the step 2.2 is as follows:

Among them, R is the response time of personnel evacuation, which is 60s; T _L is the length of the evacuation route (m); v is the walking speed of personnel (m/s);

The calculation method of described personnel walking speed v (m/s) is:

v＝v ₀ ·γ·k (3)

Among them, v ₀ represents the initial velocity of personnel (m/s), k is the influence of ship tilt on walking speed, γ is the reduction coefficient of water depth on personnel velocity

The reduction coefficient γ of the water depth to the personnel speed is:

γ=-0.00526x+1 (4)

Among them, x is the water depth (0-50cm); since the cabin water intake is a constantly changing process, in order to simplify the calculation, the water depth is taken as the water depth of the cabin when all personnel start to evacuate, that is, the water level of the cabin at 60s, which is obtained from Part 1.

The reduction coefficient of the impact on personnel speed in the case of inclination is obtained by statistics of empirical data in relevant literature and linear interpolation. Considering the simultaneous existence of lateral inclination and longitudinal inclination, the inclination angle is taken as the inclination angle in the stable stage, and the specific inclination angle is obtained in step 1.

The calculation formula for the reduction coefficient k' in the case of lateral inclination is:

stairs (go up)

stairs (go down)

corridor

where ψ is the heel angle;

The calculation formula for the reduction coefficient k ₂ "in the case of longitudinal inclination is:

corridor

stairs (go up)

stairs (go down)

为纵倾角。in

is the pitch angle.

A method for planning emergency escape routes for personnel in the case of water ingress in a ship. The step 2.3 is specifically: the inflow time is the total time of instantaneous inflow and continuous inflow. It means that the ship is no longer flooded and it can be considered as the end of flooding. This stage is the flooding time, and the water intake speed s (m ³ /s) at the breach is calculated by the change of the total water intake per unit time of the hull, regardless of the breach. The difference in velocity at each place, the specific formula is:

Among them, q is the total water inflow in the hull (m ³ ), and the water inflow change curve is obtained from step 1; q(t) is the total water inflow in the hull during the period t; q(t+Δt) is the time period t+Δt The total water inflow in the body; A is the breach area (m ² ); q(t+Δt)-q(t) is the water intake of the hull at the time Δt, divided by the breach area A, the instantaneous water intake of the breach at time t is obtained speed;

The change curve of the water inflow of the ship is processed by the formula (11), and the instantaneous water inflow speed change curve is obtained. When v tends to 0, it can be judged that the water inflow is over.

A method for planning an emergency escape route for people in the case of water ingress in a ship. FIG. 6 is a flow chart of step 3, and the step 3 specifically includes the following steps:

Step 3.1: Obtain all evacuation routes from the starting point to the assembly station, avoid the flooded area as an unusable area, and obtain the number of people N and the inclination angle of the hull in each evacuation route branch path;

Step 3.2: Based on all the evacuation routes in step 1, calculate the walking speed v and the specific flow rate F _S of the personnel on the evacuation route;

Step 3.3: Calculate the evacuation time T of each evacuation route;

Step 3.4: Based on steps 3.1 to 3.3, judge whether the evacuation time T of each evacuation route complies with the MSC regulations. Among the evacuation routes whose evacuation time meets the MSC regulations, select the path with the shortest evacuation time as the optimal route, and other routes that meet the MSC regulations are Alternate paths.

A method for planning emergency escape routes for personnel in the case of ship flooding, as shown in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram based on the total evacuation time of MSC personnel. The evacuation safety refers to the theoretical maximum allowable evacuation time from the occurrence of a disaster to the safe evacuation of all personnel stipulated in the circular, which is the key to the entire evacuation capability evaluation system.

Evacuation safety is calculated as follows:

Where R is the response time of personnel evacuation, which is the same value as step 2, which is 60s; n is the maximum allowable evacuation time. If there are no more than 3 main vertical zones for fire protection in offshore buildings, n is taken as 60; if there are more than 3 main vertical zones, n is taken as 80; E and La are the time for boarding the lifeboat and launching the lifeboat into the sea, respectively, whichever is the default under normal circumstances The maximum value of the two is 30min; E is the time to board the lifeboat, La is the time for the lifeboat to launch into the sea; _T1 is the total evacuation time.

A method for planning emergency evacuation routes for personnel in the case of flooding of ships. The total evacuation time T can be calculated according to the following formula:

T ₁ = δ·t _l

Among them, it is calculated by step 2; t _l is the travel time from the starting point to the assembly station (s); δ is the correction coefficient, which is 1.3; L _j is the path plan, i is the flow of evacuated people, and this evacuation route contains j in total branch path; L _y is the length of the yth branch path in the evacuation route; v _y is the personnel velocity in the yth branch path in the evacuation route; N _y is the yth branch path in the evacuation route The total number of people in ; F _sy is the specific flow in the yth branch path of the evacuation route; W _cy is the static width of the yth branch path in the evacuation route.

Static width (W _C ): the width measured from the handrails of corridors and stairs, and the passage width (m) with the doors open.

撤离路线上人员数(p)除以可用撤离路线面(p/m²)。人员行走速度v(m/s)由下式计算：Path length (L): The distance (m) that people pass through corridors, stairways and other facilities when they escape in an emergency. initial density

The number of persons on the evacuation route (p) divided by the available evacuation route area (p/m ² ). The personnel walking speed v (m/s) is calculated by the following formula:

v＝v ₀ ·k ₁ ·k'·k" (14)

v ₀ represents the initial velocity of personnel, take 1.2m/s, k ₁ represents the influence of personnel density on walking speed, the specific formula is:

Among them, N is the total number of people in the path (p); L is the path length (m); W _C is the static width of the path (m).

k' and k" represent the reduction coefficients of hull heel and trim to personnel speed, and the specific formulas are formulas (5) to (10).

The specific flow of people F _S (p/m/s) is obtained by interpolation method, and the calculation formula is:

Among them, N is the total number of people in the path (p); L is the path length (m); W _C is the static width of the path (m).

The invention discloses a method for planning a personnel emergency escape route under the condition of a ship being flooded. The shortest emergency escape route of personnel can be obtained by methods such as basic measurement, algorithm capture, and software simulation. And based on the obtained shortest route, simulate the emergency escape situation of personnel, and use the evacuation time specified by MSC as a safety indicator to check whether this route is the optimal route.

The step 3.4 is specifically:

Step 3.4.1: If all personnel are safely evacuated within the evacuation time specified by the MSC, the path is considered to be the preferred path for personnel emergency escape. If there is only one optimal path, it is the optimal path; if there are multiple optimal paths, then The path with the shortest evacuation time among all optimal paths is the optimal path, and the rest are alternative paths;

Step 3.4.2: If all personnel complete the evacuation within the evacuation time specified by MSC, the analysis of evacuation capabilities under other paths still needs to be verified. If there is an optimal path, follow step 3.4.1; Re-plan the layout and repeat steps 1-3.

A computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of any one of the methods described above when executing the computer program.

Claims (7)

1. The personnel emergency escape path planning method under the condition of ship water inflow is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1: the water inflow of the ship is simulated, and the water inflow change condition of the ship body, the water level height change condition of the water inflow cabin and the ship body movement angle are monitored;

step 2: planning a path for personnel escaping from a water inlet area to an outlet of the water inlet area by taking water inlet time as a temporary safety check factor based on the water inlet amount change condition of the ship body and the water level height change condition of the water inlet cabin in the step 1;

step 3: checking the planning path of the step 2 by taking the MSC specified evacuation time as a safety index;

the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:

step 2.1: acquiring all evacuation routes from the starting point to the outlet of the water inlet area;

step 2.2: solving the travel time T of all evacuation routes from the starting point to the outlet of the water inlet area in the step 2.1 _S ，

Step 2.3: determining water inlet time;

step 2.4: judgment T _S If the time is less than the water inlet time of the ship, selecting the path with the shortest time from the paths conforming to the water inlet time as the optimal evacuation path of the water inlet area, and taking the rest paths conforming to the requirements as alternative paths;

said step 2.2 solving the travel time T of all evacuation routes from the start point to the exit of the water intake zone _S The specific method comprises the following steps:

wherein R is the evacuation reaction time of personnel; t (T) _L The time required for evacuation; v is the walking speed of the personnel; l is the length of the evacuation route;

the calculation method of the walking speed v of the person comprises the following steps:

v＝v ₀ ·γ·k (3)

wherein v is ₀ The initial speed of the personnel is represented, k is the influence of the ship inclination on the walking speed, and gamma is the reduction coefficient of the water depth on the speed of the personnel;

the reduction coefficient gamma of the water depth to the personnel speed is as follows:

γ＝-0.00526x+1 (4)

wherein x is the water depth;

the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:

step 3.1: acquiring all evacuation routes from a starting point to a collection station, avoiding a water inlet area as an unavailable area, and acquiring the number N of branch paths of each evacuation route and the inclination angle of a ship body;

step 3.2: based on all the evacuation routes in the step 1, calculating the walking speed v and the specific flow F of the personnel on the evacuation route _S ；

Step 3.3: calculating the evacuation time T of each evacuation route;

step 3.4: based on the steps 3.1 to 3.3, judging whether the evacuation time T of each evacuation route accords with the MSC specification, selecting the path with the shortest evacuation time from the evacuation routes with the evacuation time accords with the MSC specification as the optimal path, and selecting other paths with the evacuation time consistent with the MSC specification as the alternative paths.

2. The method for planning a personnel emergency escape route in the case of water intake of a ship according to claim 1, wherein the fluid solving domain is divided into a limited number of control bodies adjacent to each other, and a conservation equation is applied to each control body, the conservation equation being:

wherein phi is a general variable; v is the control volume; Γ is the generalized diffusion coefficient; s is a generalized source term; t is time; ρ is the density.

3. The method for planning an emergency escape path for personnel in the case of water intake of a ship according to claim 1, wherein the step 2.3 is specifically: the water inlet time is the total time of instantaneous water inlet and continuous water inlet, when the instantaneous water inlet speed at the break point tends to 0, the water inlet is judged to be finished after the ship is not fed with water any more, the water inlet time at the break point is calculated through the total water inlet change in unit time of the ship body, the flow velocity difference at each break point is not considered, and the specific formula is as follows:

wherein q is the total water inflow in the ship body; q (t) is the total water inflow of the ship body in the t time period; q (t+Δt) is the total water intake in the hull for the period t+Δt; a is the area of the break; q (t+delta t) -q (t) is the water inflow of the ship body at delta t, and dividing the water inflow by the break area A to obtain the instant water inflow speed of the break at the moment t;

and (3) processing the water inflow change curve of the ship by the formula (11) to obtain an instantaneous water inflow speed change curve, and judging that water inflow is finished when v tends to 0.

4. A method for planning a personnel emergency escape route in the case of water intake of a ship according to claim 1, wherein the evacuation safety is calculated as follows:

wherein R is the evacuation reaction time of personnel; n is the maximum allowable evacuation time; e is the time of boarding the lifeboat, and La is the time of launching the lifeboat into the sea; t (T) ₁ Is the total evacuation time.

5. A method for planning a personnel emergency escape route in the case of a water intake of a ship according to claim 1, wherein the total evacuation time T is calculated ₁ The calculation can be made as follows:

T ₁ ＝δ·t _l

wherein t is _l Evacuating to a muster station travel time for the origin; delta is a correction coefficient, and 1.3 is taken; l (L) _j In the path scheme, i is an evacuated people stream, and j branch paths are included in the evacuation route; l (L) _y For the length of the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; v _y For the speed of the person in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; n (N) _y For the total number of people in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; f (F) _sy A specific flow in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route; w (W) _cy For the static width in the y-th branch path in the evacuation route.

6. The method for planning an emergency escape path for personnel in the case of water intake of a ship according to claim 1, wherein the step 3.4 is specifically:

step 3.4.1: if all people are safely evacuated in the evacuation time specified by the MSC, the path is considered as an emergency escape preferred path for the people, and if only one preferred path exists, the path is the optimal path; if a plurality of preferred paths occur, the path with the shortest evacuation time in all the preferred paths is the optimal path, and the rest paths are alternative paths;

step 3.4.2: if all people complete evacuation within the time of MSC specified evacuation, the evacuation capability analysis under other paths needs to be verified, and if the preferred path appears, the method is implemented according to the step 3.4.1; if any path evacuation does not meet the MSC specification, the layout is required to be re-planned, and the steps 1-3 are repeated.

7. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1-6 when the computer program is executed.

Images