CN114943139A - Side plate height design method of cable tunnel fireproof partition plate - Google Patents
Side plate height design method of cable tunnel fireproof partition plate Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
A method for designing the height of a side plate of a fireproof partition plate of a power cable tunnel comprises the steps of obtaining the specific size of the power cable tunnel, the interlayer spacing and the width of a power cable bracket and the voltage grade and the sectional area of each type of power cable; acquiring the heat release rate and the content of combustion products of each type of power cable; establishing a fire simulation model of the power cable tunnel; the method comprises the steps of calculating and setting the maximum ignition power through electrical parameters when a fire disaster is caused by a short-circuit fault of a power cable line, setting different heights of side plates of the fireproof partition plate, simulating by considering the condition of the fire disaster caused by the short-circuit fault of each power cable, obtaining the surface temperature of an outer protection layer of the protected power cable, comparing the surface temperature with the tolerance temperature of the outer protection layer, obtaining the height of the side plate when the critical tolerance temperature is reached, and determining the height of the minimum side plate by considering a safety margin coefficient. The method calculates and obtains the minimum height of the fireproof partition plate side plate required by the power cable tunnel under different voltage grades, different sections and different arrangements, and realizes the optimal design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power cable tunnel fire prevention engineering, in particular to a method for designing the height of a side plate of a power cable tunnel fire-proof partition plate.
Background
In recent years, with the increase of power cable tunnels and the gradual aging of power cables, the fire risk of the power cable tunnels caused by short-circuit discharge faults or other reasons is continuously increased, and once a fire disaster occurs in the power cable tunnels, the operation safety of a power grid and the normal life of a city are influenced, and in addition, the great economic loss is caused. In addition to fire extinguishing devices such as fire extinguishing bombs and water mist, fire-proof products such as fire-proof partition boards, fire-proof wrapping tapes and fire-proof blankets are also commonly used in tunnels to prevent the spread of fire in the fire process. But at present, the comprehensive installation configuration of different fire prevention and extinguishing devices lacks a uniform standard.
Wherein, fire barrier mainly has following problem when using among the prior art: the fire barrier is unfavorable for the installation and construction when higher, and fire barrier highly crosses lowly and probably can not play good fire prevention effect again, still lacks unified curb plate high standard at present. It is necessary to provide a design method of the lowest partition side height which is not only beneficial to installation and construction, but also can meet the requirement of effective fire prevention.
In the prior application, the fire barriers at a plurality of common heights are selected at will, and the optimal heights of the fire barriers on different shelves under the conditions of different voltage grades, different sectional areas of power cables and different arrangement modes in an actual power cable tunnel are not considered comprehensively. Therefore, the optimal height of the fire barrier in the power cable tunnel with different voltage grades and different arrangement modes needs to be determined by combining experimental test and simulation data.
The height of the side plate of the existing power cable fireproof partition plate is selected randomly, and some tests are simple fireproof tests in a factory, so that the temperature distribution of the whole space after a fire disaster occurs in a real tunnel cannot be reflected, although open fire can be prevented from directly burning the upper layer power cable, the height of the side plate is insufficient, so that hot air flow can possibly bypass the side plate to damage the outer protective layer of the upper layer power cable. In order to facilitate construction of part of tunnels, the height of side plates is greatly reduced, and the fireproof effect of the tunnel is verified by using no method at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for designing the height of a side plate of a fireproof partition plate of a power cable tunnel, which is used for determining the minimum height of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate for protecting a power cable from being damaged by a fire disaster through a power cable combustion test and the integral simulation analysis of a tunnel fire disaster according to the structural size of the power cable tunnel to be laid with the fireproof partition plate and the arrangement condition of the power cable, and provides reference for the actual power cable tunnel fireproof engineering.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for designing the height of a side plate of a fireproof partition plate of a power cable tunnel comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring the structural size, the material property and the arrangement mode of a power cable tunnel of a fireproof partition plate to be laid, and the voltage grade and the sectional area of each type of arranged power cable;
step 2: carrying out a combustion test on each type of power cable in the power cable tunnel, and measuring to obtain the heat release rate and the content of combustion products of each type of power cable;
and step 3: determining a chemical reaction equation of the combustion of each type of power cable in the power cable tunnel according to the combustion test result in the step 2;
and 4, step 4: setting ignition power and duration of a power cable tunnel fire according to electrical parameters;
and 5: establishing a power cable tunnel fire simulation model according to the size of the power cable tunnel structure and the arrangement mode of the power cables obtained in the step 1, adding a fire barrier model to the power cable tunnel fire simulation model according to the structure of the fire barrier, and performing mesh subdivision on the whole;
step 6: carrying out simulation on fire of the power cable tunnel to obtain the highest temperature of the outer protective layer of the power cable on the fireproof partition board;
and 7: determining the critical side plate height of the fireproof partition plate meeting the fireproof requirement by comparing the critical side plate height with the tolerance temperature of the outer protective layer of the power cable, and determining the minimum allowable side plate height of the fireproof partition plate by considering the safety margin on the basis;
and 8: and (4) considering the fault conditions of the power cables at different positions in the power cable tunnel, repeating the step (4) to the step (7), and designing the height of the side plate of each layer of power cable fireproof partition plate under the condition of overall arrangement of the power cable tunnel according to the minimum allowable side plate height of the corresponding fireproof partition plate under the fault conditions of the power cables at different positions.
In step 1, the obtained size of the power cable tunnel structure includes: length a, width b and height c, the number of layers of bridges arranged on two sides of the power cable tunnel, the number of power cables on each layer of bridge, and the layer spacing and width of the bridges in the power cable tunnel;
the arrangement mode of the power cables comprises an arrangement mode of all the power cables on the bridge, and the power cables are horizontally arranged in parallel or arranged in a delta shape;
voltage grade U of various types of power cables in power cable tunnel x And cross-sectional area S x Wherein: x is 1,2, … … n, and n is the number of the power cable types in the tunnel;
properties of the power cable material, including the density P of the polyvinyl chloride material of the sheath layer of the power cable 1 Thermal conductivity K 1 Specific heat capacity C 1 Thickness of E ht ；
Density P of insulating layer crosslinked polyethylene material 2 Heat transferRate K 2 Specific heat capacity C 2 Thickness of E jy ；
Density P of copper conductor 3 Thermal conductivity K 3 Specific heat capacity C 3 ；
In the step 2, the power cable combustion test method is as follows:
the length of the power cable with the corresponding model is taken as L q The combustion test is carried out by utilizing a cone calorimeter, and the cone calorimeter is provided with CO and CO 2 An analyzer, a halogen acid gas tester and a carbon black tester capable of measuring the heat release rate of the power cable and the carbon dioxide CO generated by combustion 2 Carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen chloride HCl, carbon soot C.
In the step 3 and the step 2, in the combustion test, the main insulation of the power cable is crosslinked polyethylene, the outer protective layer is polyvinyl chloride, and the whole is equivalent to C x H y Cl z Wherein: x, y and z are atomic coefficients of molecular formulas, the chemical reaction general formula of the whole combustion is calculated according to the proportion of the crosslinked polyethylene and the polyvinyl chloride when the corresponding type of power cable is combusted:
C x H y Cl z +αO 2 →βCO 2 +γH 2 O+δCO+εC+ξHCl (1)
in the formula (1), α, β, γ, δ, ε, and ζ are chemical formula coefficients of each reactant, respectively, and the product coefficients γ, δ, ε, and ζ of the chemical equations can be measured by the CO combustion test of the corresponding model of power cable in the previous step 2 2 The contents of CO, HCl and C are deduced; the chemical reaction coefficients alpha and gamma can be obtained by chemical reaction formula balancing, and the formula (1) for determining the coefficients is the combustion chemical reaction formula of the power cable with the corresponding model after determining the product coefficients by combining test parameters and balancing:
in the step 4, it is considered that the fire source causing the power cable tunnel fire is an arc discharge caused by a short-circuit fault of the power cable, and heat generated by the arc is transferred to the surrounding environment in a convection heat dissipation mode, so that the surrounding power cable is ignited. The ignition power Q of the arc is:
Q＝I 2 R (2)
in formula (3): i represents a system short-circuit current; r represents arc resistance at the time of short circuit. The duration t of the ignition source is the cut-off time of the subsequent electric protection after the power cable line has a fault.
In the step 5, the power cable tunnel fire simulation model is established as follows:
according to the parameters obtained in the step 1, establishing an integral three-dimensional model comprising a power cable tunnel, a power cable bracket and various types of power cables, wherein the power cables are divided into three layers according to the structure, and the three layers are respectively as follows: the cable comprises a metal cable core, an insulating layer and an outer protective layer; setting the material properties of the power cable is as described in step 1 above.
The fireproof partition board model is arranged below the protected power cable, no side board is arranged on the wall, and the width of the fireproof partition board is W gb Thickness of D gb The height of the side plate is H gb Density P of fire barrier 4 Thermal conductivity K 4 Specific heat capacity C 4 。
In step 5, after the three-dimensional model is established, mesh subdivision is carried out by using a tetrahedron, the calculation precision and time of flame simulation are considered, and the size of the subdivided mesh is as shown in formula (3):
in formula (2): q is the fire source power ignited by the fire; rho ∞ Is the air density; c. C p Is the specific heat of air; t is ∞ Is the ambient air temperature; g is the acceleration of gravity.
In the step 6, the simulation method for the power cable tunnel fire is as follows:
numerical simulation of the smoke flowing and heat transfer process in the fire is finally realized by solving the thermally-driven low-speed flowing N-S equation, and the basic control equation is as follows:
where ρ is the gas density; u is a velocity vector; g is the acceleration of gravity; p is pressure; f is an external force vector; tau is ij Is the viscous stress tensor of the newtonian fluid,
the dissipation rate is a part in an energy conservation equation and refers to the rate of converting kinetic energy into heat energy; h is sensible enthalpy;
heat release rate per unit volume;
is the heat flux vector; t is the temperature; r is an ideal gas constant;
is the relative molecular mass of the gas mixture.
In the simulation process, the blocking effect of the fireproof partition plate needs to be considered, so that flame does not directly burn to the power cable body, but the flame source temperature indirectly acts on the power cable body through air flow. The oxygen content in the tunnel is reduced along with the combustion, the temperature also reaches a peak value firstly and then oscillates for a period of time and then is reduced, in order to obtain the highest temperature of the outer protective layer of the power cable on the fireproof partition plate, the process of temperature reduction needs to be continuously simulated during simulation, and the simulation calculation process is selectedThe maximum temperature T of the outer sheath of the power cable is obtained x 。
In the step 7, the pyrolysis temperature of the polyvinyl chloride as the outer sheath material of the power cable is T j The height H of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate is set x Determined temperature T obtained by later simulation calculation x And T j Comparing;
by varying the height H of the side panel of the fire barrier x And repeating the calculation in the step 6 until the temperature T of the sheath layer of the power cable is measured x ＝T j When the height of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate at the moment is selected as the critical height H of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate gbk . Considering a certain safety margin, the minimum side plate height of the fire barrier is as follows:
H min ＝kH gbk (8)
in the formula (8), H min K is a safety factor for the minimum side plate height obtained by simulation.
The step 8 comprises the following steps:
s8.1: in order to obtain the minimum side plate height of the design of the upper fireproof partition plate when cables at different positions in the tunnel are burnt, repeating the step 4, calculating the ignition source power Q when the power cable at the position is in short circuit fault and is on fire according to the voltage grade and model parameters of the power cable at the position, and setting the simulated calculation time t according to the fault removal time;
s8.2: repeating the step 6, and calculating the highest temperature T of the outer sheath of the layer of power cable under the protection of the fireproof partition board after the power cable is in fire x ；
S8.3: repeating the step 7, changing the height H of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate x Repeating the simulation calculation in the step 6, and obtaining the temperature T of the sheath layer of the power cable through the simulation calculation x And its pyrolysis temperature T j Comparing to obtain the critical height H of the fireproof partition board gbk ；
S8.4: considering a certain safety margin, according to equation (8) in step 7, the minimum side plate height H of the fire barrier above the power cable at different positions can be determined when the power cable is on fire min 。
The invention discloses a method for designing the height of a side plate of a fireproof partition plate of a power cable tunnel, which has the following technical effects:
1) the method of the invention considers the maximum ignition power of the power cable in the actual power cable tunnel in case of fire, obtains the heat release rate of combustion and the corresponding chemical reaction of different power cables through tests, can further calculate and obtain the minimum height of the fireproof partition plate side plate required by the power cable tunnel under the conditions of different voltage grades, different sections and different arrangements, and realizes the optimal design.
2) The height of the fireproof partition plate side plate of the power cable with the same voltage class and the same section can also be designed differently according to the method of the invention, for example: the three layers of a certain power cable tunnel are all 10kV power cables, the other tunnel is under the conditions of 220kV at the lowest layer, 110kV at the middle layer and 10kV at the uppermost layer, the ignition power and the combustion condition are different when the lowest layer is in short circuit fire catching under the two arrangement conditions, and the heights of the fireproof partition plates required by the 10kV power cables at the uppermost layer are different; for another example, all three layers of a tunnel are 110kV power cables, but because the heat is more concentrated on the upper layer after a fire occurs in the tunnel, and the temperature of the upper layer power cable is higher, the height of the fireproof side plate required by the third layer is certainly greater than that of the second layer, and the method of the invention can achieve the optimal design.
3) The simulation model related to the method adopts a chemical reaction equation of power cable combustion, the coefficients of all reactants are determined according to the measurement results of combustion tests carried out on different types of power cables, and the calculation result of the simulation model is more in line with the combustion result of the actual power cable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a power cable tunnel arrangement in a certain city.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional simulation model diagram of a power cable tunnel.
Fig. 3 is a cloud of power cable fire temperature profiles.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the temperature change of the outer side power cable of the 110kV power cable under the bottom 600kW fire source power.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
a method for designing the height of side plate of L-shaped fire-proof partition plate for power cable tunnel includes such steps as providing the structure of power cable tunnel, the arrangement of power cables, the specific size of power cable tunnel, the space and width between layers of power cable supporter, the voltage class and cross-section of power cable, combustion test to obtain the heat release rate and combustion product content of power cable, determining the chemical reaction equation and coefficient of combustion of power cable, creating fire simulation model based on the size and arrangement of power cables, calculating the electric parameters of power cable, setting up maximum ignition power, setting the height of side plate, and simulating the fire, and obtaining the surface temperature of the outer protective layer of the protected power cable, finally comparing the surface temperature with the tolerance temperature of the outer protective layer to obtain the height of the side plate when the critical tolerance temperature is reached, and determining the minimum height of the side plate by considering a safety margin coefficient.
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the obtained size structure and arrangement form of the power cable tunnel to be laid with the fireproof partition plate take a power cable tunnel laid by mixing 220kV, 110kV and 10kV power cables in a certain city as an example. There are tunnels of single voltage class, or tunnels of other voltage classes, for better illustration of the invention, the embodiment chooses the situation with different arrangement of two sides and more voltage classes, the size is 20m × 2.3m × 2.3m (length × width × height), the right side is 3 layers with the cross-sectional area of 800mm 2 The vertical distance between the upper layer and the lower layer of the 64/110kV YJV power cable is 0.5 m; the left side is a 3-layer power cable, and the uppermost layer is a power cable with a cross-sectional area of 400mm 2 The intermediate layer of the 6/10kV YJV power cable is 800mm in cross section area 2 64/110kV YJV power cable, the lowest layer is 1200mm in cross section area 2 127/220kV YJV power cable. The vertical distance between the 10kV power cable layer and the 110kV power cable layer is 0.4m, and the 110kV power cableThe vertical distance between the layer and the 220kV power cable layer is 0.6 m. 3 power cables are horizontally arranged on each layer of bridge respectively, the 3 power cables are arranged horizontally and parallelly, the width of a 10kV power cable bridge is 0.5m, the width of a 110kV power cable bridge is 0.5m, the specific arrangement of a power cable tunnel is shown in figure 1, the types and specifications of the power cables are shown in table 1, and the material parameters of all parts of the power cables are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 Power Cable parameters
TABLE 2 Power Cable Material Properties
And 2, step: 800mm 2 /64/110kV YJV、1200mm 2 The heat release rate of a/127/220 kV YJV power cable was determined by a cone calorimeter equipped with CO, CO 2 An analyzer, a halogen acid gas tester and a carbon black tester, which can measure the heat release rate and CO of the power cable 2 CO, HCl, C content. Respectively measuring 800mm with the length of 100mm by using a cone calorimeter 2 /64/110kV YJV、1200mm 2 The slices of the/127/220 kV YJV power cable are subjected to combustion test measurement, and the heat release rates of the two power cables are respectively 244kW/m measured by a cone calorimeter 2 、265 kW/m 2 And measuring the gas products generated by the combustion of the two types of power cables and the voltage grade of the two types of power cables to comprise CO, C, HCl and CO 2 The quantitative yield of (b) is as in table 3. It is noted that in this example, since the 10kV cable is disposed on the uppermost layer, there is no fire barrier above it, and its burning does not have the problem of barrier protection above, the 10kV burning test is not performed.
TABLE 3 Mass yield of gas products from cable combustion
And step 3: for the power cables with the two models and the voltage grades, the outer sheath is made of polyvinyl chloride materials, the insulating layer is made of cross-linked polyethylene materials, and an equivalent chemical reaction equation of combustion of the power cables is required to be obtained. According to the combustion products CO of the two power cables obtained in the step 2 in the combustion test 2 The mass production rates of CO, HCl and C, the chemical equation coefficients of the corresponding products are calculated, and the combustion product H 2 O and reactant O 2 The coefficients are obtained by chemical equation balancing, and corresponding equivalent gas phase reaction chemical equations of the power cables with two models and voltage grades are finally matched.
Wherein, 1200mm 2 The/127/220 kV YJV power cable is as follows:
C 2 H 3.51 Cl 0.49 +2.23O 2 →1.27CO 2 +0.41CO+1.51H 2 O+0.49HCl+0.32C (9)
800mm 2 the/64/110 kV YJV power cable is as follows:
C 2 H 3.6 Cl 0.4 +2.39O 2 →1.42CO 2 +0.34CO+1.6H 2 O+0.4HCl+0.24C (10)
and 4, step 4: firstly, calculating the condition that the 110kV cable line at the lowest layer on the right side has a fire, setting the short-circuit current of the power cable to be 5kA when the fire occurs, generating short-circuit electric arc when the short circuit occurs, wherein the electric arc resistance is 0.02 omega, the circuit fault cutting time is 0.5s, calculating to obtain the ignition power of 2500kW, the existence time of the ignition power of 0.5s, and then carrying out the continuous combustion process after the power cable is ignited.
Q 1 ＝5000 2 ×0.02×10 -3 ≈500kW (11)
And 5: the power cable tunnel simulation model established according to fig. 1 has a size of 20m × 2.3m × 2.3m (length × width × height), and a size of 20m × 2.3m × 2.3m (length × width × height)) The right side is provided with 3 layers with the cross section area of 800mm 2 The vertical distance between the upper layer and the lower layer of the 110kV power cable is 0.5 m; the left side is a power cable with 3 layers, and the uppermost layer is a power cable with a cross-sectional area of 400mm 2 The middle layer of the 10kV power cable is 800mm in sectional area 2 The lowermost layer of the 110kV power cable is 1200mm in sectional area 2 220kV power cable. The vertical distance between the 10kV power cable layer and the 110kV power cable layer is 0.4m, and the vertical distance between the 110kV power cable layer and the 220kV power cable layer is 0.6 m. 3 power cables are horizontally arranged on each layer of bridge respectively, the 3 power cables are horizontally arranged in parallel, the width of a 10kV power cable bridge is 0.5m, and the width of a 110kV power cable bridge is 0.5 m.
According to the relevant provisions of ceramic fiber fire-proof plates for buildings (JGT564-2018), the thickness of the fire-proof partition plate is generally between 5mm and 20mm in combination with the product parameters, and the thicker the fire-proof partition plate is, the better the heat insulation and fire resistance performance is, the thickness of the fire-proof partition plate in the power cable tunnel model is set to be 20mm, and the width is set to be 0.5 m. The main parameters of the fire-proof partition board are set as follows, and the density is 1900kg/m 3 The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.238W/(m.K), and the specific heat capacity is 0.963 kJ/(kg.K). As shown in fig. 2, it is a three-dimensional simulation model diagram of a power cable tunnel, in which: 1 represents the power cable tunnel, and 2 represent fire barrier, and 3 represent power cable, and power cable simulation model has multilayer structure, and this example power cable structure divide into the three-layer, is respectively from inside to outside: the cable comprises a metal cable core (copper core), an insulating layer (XLPE) and a sheath layer (PVC). The material property parameters of the power cable used for the simulation are shown in table 2 in step 1.
Setting the grid size by comprehensively considering the calculation accuracy and the calculation time, wherein the ignition power of the fire source is 500kW when the cable is 110 kV; ρ is a unit of a gradient ∞ Taking 1.14kg/m for air density 3 ；c p The specific heat of air is 1 kJ/(kg. K); t is ∞ Ambient air temperature 293K; g is the gravity acceleration of 9.81m/s 2 . The mesh division size is 0.0093m calculated according to the following formula, and 0.9cm can be taken as the mesh division size for the convenience of rounding calculation.
And 6: after parameters of each part are set, a fire source is simulated and measured on the simulation model and is arranged at the center of a first layer of power cable in a power cable tunnel, and the area is set to be 0.25m 2 。
Numerical simulation of the smoke flowing and heat transfer process in the fire is finally realized by solving the heat-driven low-speed flowing N-S equation, and the overall temperature distribution is solved by combining the following basic control equation as follows.
Where ρ is the gas density; u is a velocity vector; g is the acceleration of gravity; p is pressure; f is an external force vector; tau is ij Is the viscous stress tensor of the newtonian fluid,
the dissipation rate is a part in an energy conservation equation and refers to the rate of converting kinetic energy into heat energy; h is sensible enthalpy;
heat release rate per unit volume;
is the heat flux vector; t is the temperature; r is an ideal gas constant;
is the relative molecular mass of the gas mixture.
Continuously simulating to obtain the process that the temperature of the outer protective layer of the cable protected by the fireproof partition board above the fire source rises to be stable and then falls, and selecting the highest temperature T of the outer protective layer of the power cable obtained in the simulation calculation process x 。
And 7: different side plate heights are set, simulation calculation is carried out on the simulation model to obtain different temperature distributions, and as shown in fig. 3, the temperature distributions are cloud pictures after the cable tunnel is in fire. The different temperature distributions are calculated as shown in figure 3.
The pyrolysis temperature of the 110kV power cable sheath layer is 110 ℃. Establishing different heights H of fire barriers x And simulating according to the step 6 to obtain the temperature change of the outer protective layer, as shown in fig. 4, when the height of the side edge of the fireproof partition board is 0.10-0.20 m, the temperature change oscillation of the sheath layer of the power cable is large, because the power of a fire source is large, the time for the power cable to burn sufficiently is shortened and is more severe, and the partition board cannot better prevent fire plumes from flowing upwards, so that the highest temperature of the surface layer of the power cable in a steady state is 110 ℃ higher than the pyrolysis temperature of the sheath layer of the power cable. For the fireproof partition board with the side height of 0.25-0.35 m, the temperature of the second layer of the protected power cable on the right side is below the pyrolysis temperature of the 110kV power cable, and the height of the minimum side board is 0.25 m. Then, the safety factor is 1.1, and the safety factor is 0.275 m.
As shown in fig. 4, the pilot power was set at 500 kW.
And 8: according to the steps, when the right second layer 110kV cable breaks down, calculation is carried out according to the steps 4 to 7, the ignition power and the grid arrangement are the same as those of the combustion of the lowest layer, when the right second layer breaks down and fires, the calculation results that when the height of the side edge of the top layer fireproof partition plate needs to reach 0.28m, the sheath layer of the top layer power cable cannot be pyrolyzed, the safety margin is 1.1 time, and the height of the side plate needs to be 0.308m at the top layer. This result corresponds to the temperature build up in the upward direction during a fire, the temperature of the top layer being higher, so the side panels need to be higher.
When the lowest cable on the left side has a fault, attention is needed, the cable is 220kV at this time, the short-circuit current of the power cable is 30kA when the 220kV power cable has a short-circuit fault, a short-circuit arc is generated due to short circuit, the arc resistance is 0.004 omega at this time, the cutting-off time of the circuit fault is 0.4s, the maximum ignition power after the first layer has the short-circuit fault of the power cable is 3600kW, and the existing time of the ignition power is 0.4 s.
Q 2 ＝30000 2 ×0.004×10 -3 ≈3600kW (12)
The ignition power of the 220kV fire source is 3600kW, the size of the model grid is calculated according to a formula to be 0.0205, and the downward integer is 0.02m, namely 2 cm. .
Then, according to the simulation of the steps, calculating, comparing the temperature, and obtaining that the minimum side plate height of the second layer of fireproof partition plate is 0.28m when the lowest layer of power cable on the left side is on fire, and the minimum side plate height is 0.308m after considering the margin; when the second cable on the left side is on fire, the minimum side plate height required for obtaining the fireproof partition plate on the uppermost layer is 0.24m, and the allowance is 0.264m, which is smaller than that on the right side because the cable which is 10kV is protected by the second cable on the left side, the radius of the second cable is small, and the required side plate height is lower than that of the 110kV cable according to the position.
The height of the four fire barriers in this example was designed in accordance with the above method.
Claims (10)
1. A method for designing the height of a side plate of a fireproof partition plate of a power cable tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring the structural size, the material property and the arrangement mode of a power cable tunnel of a fireproof partition plate to be laid, and the voltage grade and the sectional area of each type of arranged power cable;
step 2: carrying out a combustion test on each type of power cable in the power cable tunnel, and measuring to obtain the heat release rate and the content of combustion products of each type of power cable;
and step 3: determining a chemical reaction equation of the combustion of each type of power cable in the power cable tunnel according to the combustion test result in the step 2;
and 4, step 4: setting ignition power and duration of a power cable tunnel fire according to electrical parameters;
and 5: establishing a power cable tunnel fire simulation model according to the size of the power cable tunnel structure and the arrangement mode of the power cables obtained in the step 1, adding a fire barrier model to the power cable tunnel fire simulation model according to the structure of the fire barrier, and performing mesh subdivision on the whole;
step 6: carrying out simulation on fire of the power cable tunnel to obtain the highest temperature of the outer protective layer of the power cable on the fireproof partition board;
and 7: determining the critical side plate height of the fireproof partition plate meeting the fireproof requirement by comparing the critical side plate height with the tolerance temperature of the outer protective layer of the power cable, and determining the minimum allowable side plate height of the fireproof partition plate by considering the safety margin on the basis;
and 8: and (4) considering the fault conditions of the power cables at different positions in the power cable tunnel, repeating the step (4) to the step (7), and designing the height of the side plate of each layer of power cable fireproof partition plate under the condition of overall arrangement of the power cable tunnel according to the minimum allowable side plate height of the corresponding fireproof partition plate under the fault conditions of the power cables at different positions.
2. The method for designing the height of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate of the power cable tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 1, the obtained size of the power cable tunnel structure includes: the length a, the width b and the height c, the number of the bridge frames arranged on two sides of the power cable tunnel, the number of the power cables on each layer of the bridge frame, and the interlayer spacing and the width of the bridge frames in the power cable tunnel; the arrangement mode of the power cables comprises an arrangement mode of all the power cables on the bridge, and the power cables are horizontally arranged in parallel or arranged in a delta shape; voltage grade U of various types of power cables in power cable tunnel x And cross-sectional area S x Wherein: x is 1,2, … … n, n isThe number of power cable types in the tunnel;
properties of the power cable material, including the density P of the polyvinyl chloride material of the sheath layer of the power cable 1 Thermal conductivity K 1 Specific heat capacity C 1 Thickness of E ht ；
Density P of insulating layer crosslinked polyethylene material 2 Thermal conductivity K 2 Specific heat capacity C 2 Thickness of E jy ；
Density P of copper conductor 3 Thermal conductivity K 3 Specific heat capacity C 3 。
3. The method for designing the height of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate of the power cable tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2, the power cable combustion test method is as follows:
the length of the power cable with the corresponding model is taken as L q The combustion test is carried out by utilizing a cone calorimeter, and the cone calorimeter is provided with CO and CO 2 An analyzer, a halogen acid gas tester and a carbon black tester capable of measuring the heat release rate of the power cable and the carbon dioxide CO generated by combustion 2 Carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen chloride HCl, carbon soot particles C.
4. The method for designing the height of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate of the power cable tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3 and the step 2, in the combustion test, the main insulation of the power cable is crosslinked polyethylene, the outer protective layer is polyvinyl chloride, and the whole is equivalent to C x H y Cl z Wherein: x, y and z are atomic coefficients of molecular formulas, the chemical reaction general formula of the whole combustion is calculated according to the proportion of the crosslinked polyethylene and the polyvinyl chloride when the corresponding type of power cable is combusted:
C x H y Cl z +αO 2 →βCO 2 +γH 2 O+δCO+εC+ξHCl (1)
in the formula (1), alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta are respectively the chemical molecular formula coefficients of each reactant, and the product coefficients gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta of the chemical equation can pass throughCO measured by combustion test of power cables of corresponding models in the step 2 2 The contents of CO, HCl and C are deduced; the chemical reaction coefficients alpha and gamma can be obtained by chemical reaction formula balancing, and the formula (1) for determining the coefficients is the combustion chemical reaction formula of the power cable with the corresponding model after determining the product coefficients by combining the test parameters and carrying out balancing.
5. The method for designing the height of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate of the power cable tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4, the fire source causing the power cable tunnel fire is considered to be an arc discharge caused by the short circuit fault of the power cable, and the heat generated by the arc is transferred to the surrounding environment in a convection heat dissipation mode, so that the surrounding power cable is ignited; the ignition power Q of the arc is:
Q＝I 2 R (2)
in formula (3): i represents a system short-circuit current; r represents an arc resistance at the time of short circuit; the duration t of the ignition source is the cut-off time of the electrical protection after the power cable line fails.
6. The method for designing the height of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate of the power cable tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 5, the power cable tunnel fire simulation model is established as follows:
according to the parameters obtained in the step 1, an integral three-dimensional model comprising a power cable tunnel, a power cable bracket and power cables of various types is established, wherein the power cables are divided into three layers according to the structure, and the three layers are respectively from inside to outside: the cable comprises a metal cable core, an insulating layer and an outer protective layer;
the fireproof partition board model is arranged below the protected power cable, no side board is arranged on the wall, and the width of the fireproof partition board is W gb Thickness of D gb The height of the side plate is H gb Density P of fire barrier 4 Thermal conductivity K 4 Specific heat capacity C 4 。
7. The method for designing the height of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate of the power cable tunnel according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 5, after the three-dimensional model is established, meshing is performed by adopting a tetrahedron, the calculation precision and time of flame simulation are considered, and the size of the meshed is shown in formula (3):
in formula (2): q is the power of the fire source ignited by the fire; rho ∞ Is the air density; c. C p Is the specific heat of air; t is ∞ Is the ambient air temperature; g is the acceleration of gravity.
8. The method for designing the height of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate of the power cable tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 6, the simulation method for the power cable tunnel fire is as follows:
numerical simulation of the smoke flowing and heat transfer process in the fire is finally realized by solving the thermally-driven low-speed flowing N-S equation, and the basic control equation is as follows:
where ρ is the gas density; u is a velocity vector; g is the acceleration of gravity; p is pressure; f is an external force vector; tau is ij Is the viscous stress tensor of the newtonian fluid,
the dissipation rate is a part in an energy conservation equation and refers to the rate of converting kinetic energy into heat energy; h is sensible enthalpy;
heat release rate per unit volume;
is the heat flux vector; t is the temperature; r is an ideal gas constant;
is the relative molecular mass of the gas mixture;
in order to obtain the highest temperature of the outer protective layer of the power cable on the fireproof partition board, the process from continuous simulation to temperature reduction in the simulation process is required, and the highest temperature T of the outer protective layer of the power cable obtained in the simulation calculation process is selected x 。
9. The method for designing the height of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate of the power cable tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 7, the pyrolysis temperature of the polyvinyl chloride as the outer sheath material of the power cable is T j The height H of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate is set x Determined temperature T obtained by later simulation calculation x And T j Comparing;
by varying the height H of the side panel of the fire barrier x， Repeating the calculation in the step 6 until the temperature T of the sheath layer of the power cable is measured x ＝T j Selecting the height of the side plate of the fireproof partition at the moment as the critical height H of the side plate of the fireproof partition gbk (ii) a Considering a certain safety margin, the minimum side plate height of the fire barrier is as follows:
H min ＝kH gbk (8)
in the formula (8), H min Minimum side plate height, k, for simulationThe safety factor is.
10. The method for designing the height of the side plate of the fireproof partition board of the power cable tunnel according to claim 9, wherein: in the step 8, the method comprises the following steps:
s8.1: in order to obtain the minimum side plate height of the fireproof partition plate above the cable in different positions in the tunnel when the cable is burnt, repeating the step 4, calculating the ignition source power Q when the power cable in the position is in short circuit fault and is on fire according to the voltage grade and model parameters of the power cable in the position, and setting simulated calculation time t according to fault clearing time;
s8.2: repeating the step 6, and calculating the highest temperature T of the outer sheath of the layer of power cable under the protection of the fireproof partition board after the power cable is in fire x ；
S8.3: repeating the step 7, changing the height H of the side plate of the fireproof partition plate x Repeating the simulation calculation in the step 6, and obtaining the temperature T of the sheath layer of the power cable through the simulation calculation x And its pyrolysis temperature T j Comparing to obtain the critical height H of the fireproof partition board gbk ；
S8.4: considering a certain safety margin, according to equation (8) in step 7, the minimum side plate height H of the fire barrier above the power cable at different positions can be determined when the power cable is on fire min 。
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