CN114942441A - Progressive scanning terrain observation mode scanning parameter determination method - Google Patents
Progressive scanning terrain observation mode scanning parameter determination method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114942441A CN114942441A CN202210856103.2A CN202210856103A CN114942441A CN 114942441 A CN114942441 A CN 114942441A CN 202210856103 A CN202210856103 A CN 202210856103A CN 114942441 A CN114942441 A CN 114942441A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The invention provides a progressive scanning terrain observation mode scanning parameter determination method which specifically comprises the steps of inputting SAR system parameters, setting initial overlapping coefficients of azimuth direction adjacent observation bands in sub mapping bands, constructing an equation set containing the overlapping coefficients according to a star-earth geometric relation, and calculating parameters such as a scanning period, a scanning angle and scanning time of each sub mapping band according to the equation set. And then, according to the actual scanning capability, the stepping precision and the pulse repetition frequency of the antenna, practical adjustment is carried out on the calculation parameters to obtain actually usable working parameters such as a scanning angle, stepping times, stepping resident pulse number and the like. And then, calculating the overlapping degree of the azimuth direction of each sub mapping band to the actual observation band according to the actual working parameters, adjusting the overlapping coefficient when the overlapping degree does not meet the requirement, and recalculating the working parameters until the overlapping degree meets the requirement. The method is simple and easy to operate, and does not need to consider various factors and the difference between the working parameter approximate value and the theoretical calculated value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR), in particular to a method for determining a scanning parameter of a Progressive scanning Terrain Observation (TOPS) mode.
Background
The synthetic aperture radar has the characteristics of all-time and all-weather imaging, and has wide application in the fields of national economy and national defense. The TOPS mode is a high-resolution wide swath imaging mode, compared with a Scanning (SCAN) mode, the TOPS mode eliminates the scallop effect and obtains a uniform noise equivalent coefficient in the whole sub swath; the TOPS mode has stronger fuzzy inhibition capability, and the fuzzy degree in the whole sub-swath is more uniform; the loss of the TOPS mode edge effect is smaller due to the long duration of the azimuthal scan within the sub swath. These characteristics make TOPS mode obtain better image quality under the condition of not reducing resolution ratio, even improving resolution ratio, and become preferred scheme in high resolution ratio wide swath application.
The TOPS mode working parameter design is complex, and the influence of various factors, such as system indexes of resolution, swath width, sub swath number and the like, needs to be comprehensively considered. After the factors are determined, working parameters such as the scanning period, the scanning angle of each sub measuring and drawing strip, the stepping times, the number of resident pulses and the like are further determined. The working parameters obtained by theoretical calculation often have multi-digit decimal values, even infinite decimal values, and cannot be directly used in practice. For example, in practice, the maximum scanning angle of an antenna is limited by the scanning capability of the antenna, and the scanning precision is limited; the number of steps is an integer, and the number of resident pulses per step is also an integer. Therefore, practical adjustment of these operating parameters one by one is required, and such adjustment may cause incomplete splicing of the adjacent observation bands in the azimuth direction in the sub-swath. If the splicing requirement is satisfied, the factors need to be considered one by one, and the difference between the practical adjustment value and the theoretical calculation value is used as a time error for recalculation. And repeating for multiple times until the splicing requirement is met. This method is not only complex in calculation, but also increases the scanning angle, increases the antenna load, and increases the system cost. In addition, too large a scan angle may cause an azimuthal scallop effect, resulting in a degradation of image quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for determining scanning parameters of a progressive scanning terrain observation mode, which does not need to consider time difference caused by practical adjustment of multiple factors, only takes the overlapping coefficient of the azimuth direction of each sub-swath to the adjacent observation band as a design basis, minimizes the scanning angle while meeting image splicing, and ensures that the image quality is not reduced. Although the invention is designed by taking a satellite-borne platform as an example, the invention is also applicable to an airborne platform.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for determining scanning parameters of a progressive scanning terrain observation mode comprises the following steps:
step 1, inputting system parameters, wherein the system parameters comprise: the antenna scanning angular speed, the number of the sub-swaths, the beam width of each sub-swath, the beam center slant distance and the beam ground projection speed;
step 2, setting an initial overlapping coefficient of the azimuth sub mapping band;
step 3, constructing an equation set containing an overlapping coefficient according to the geometric relation of the satellite and the ground, and calculating a scanning period, a scanning angle of each sub-swath and scanning time according to the equation set;
and 4, according to the actual scanning capability, the stepping precision and the pulse repetition frequency of the antenna, practically adjusting the scanning period, the scanning angle and the scanning time of each sub-swath in the step 3 to obtain actually usable working parameters, wherein the working parameters comprise the scanning angle, the stepping times, the stepping resident pulse number, the actual scanning time, the effective scanning track of the wave beam and the overlapping length of the wave beam centers of two continuous scanning.
And 5, calculating the near-end azimuth actual scanning overlapping degree of each sub mapping band beam according to the actually usable working parameters obtained in the step 4, adjusting the overlapping coefficient when the overlapping degree does not meet the requirement, calculating the scanning period, the scanning angle and the scanning time of each sub mapping band according to the step 3, and adjusting the actually usable working parameters according to the step 4 until the overlapping degree meets the requirement.
Further, in the step 2, the initial overlapping coefficient is set to 1, i.e. not overlapped, and then the overlapping coefficient is increased to meet the requirement; or the initial overlap coefficient is set to a number greater than 1 and less than 2, and then the overlap coefficient is reduced to satisfy the requirement.
Further, the step 3 specifically includes:
introducing overlap factork gap And obtaining a sub swath expression:
(|ω|·T b -θ c )·R c +V s ·T b =k gap ·V s ·T R
wherein the content of the first and second substances,ωis the sub swath antenna scan angular velocity,T b is the sub swath azimuth scan duration,θ c is the sub-swath beam width,V s is the sub-swath beam ground projection velocity,R c is the center slant distance of the sub-swath,T R is the scan period;
determining the number of the distance direction sub mapping bands according to the resolution and the breadth required by the system, and assuming that the number of the sub mapping bands is n, obtaining the following equation set:
wherein the superscript (-) denotes the child swath index,T R represents a scanning period;
solving the equation set to determine the azimuth scanning duration of the sub mapping zone m
M represents the mth sub-swath, m =1,2, …, n;
by the formula
Calculating the maximum scanning angle of the m-th sub-swath wave beam azimuth to further obtain the antenna scanning angle range
Wherein, in the step (A),
is the maximum scan angle of the antenna beam in the azimuth direction within each sub swath.
Further, the step 4 specifically includes: and determining parameters of each sub-swath, wherein the parameters comprise a scanning angle, stepping times, a resident pulse number, actual scanning time, an effective beam scanning track and the beam center overlapping length of two continuous scanning times.
Assuming an antenna stepping angle ofdθCalculating the actual maximum scanning angle of the antenna by adopting the following formula:
ceil(. cndot.) represents an upward integer;
by the formula
Calculating the beam stepping times in the sub-mapping band;
by the formula
Counting the number of resident pulses per step, whereinprf (m) Is the pulse repetition frequency of the sub swath;
by the formula
Calculating the actual scanning time of each sub measuring and drawing band;
by the formula
Calculating an actual scanning period;
by the formula
Calculating the effective scanning track of the mth sub swath wave beam, namely the effective imaging length in the azimuth direction;
by the formula
And calculating the overlapping length of the observed region of the beam center of the mth sub-swath in two continuous scanning periods.
Further, the step 5 specifically includes:
by the formula
Calculating the difference of the synthetic aperture lengths corresponding to the central view angle and the near view angle of the antenna beam in the mth sub mapping band;
by the formula
Calculating the overlapping length of the observation region of the beam near end of the mth sub-swath in two continuous scanning periods;
judgment of
Whether the overlap requirement is satisfied, i.e., whether the following equation is satisfied:
wherein (A), (B), (C) and CS 1 ,S 2 ) Indicating the overlap range of the system requirements;
if it is not
If the overlapping degree is not in the range, adjusting the overlapping coefficient, and repeating the steps 3 to 5 until the overlapping degree meets the requirement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a high-efficiency and quick scanning parameter determination method, which is used for controlling a beam to carry out azimuth scanning. The invention can minimize the beam azimuth scanning angle and improve the image quality while meeting the overlapping degree of azimuth adjacent observation bands in the sub-swath. Different from the conventional TOPS mode scanning parameter determination method, the method does not consider the time difference caused by practical adjustment of parameters such as the stepping times, the resident pulse number and the like, only takes the overlapping coefficient as a design basis, and can adjust the coefficient at any time according to the requirement of the overlapping degree of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for determining scanning parameters in a progressive scanning topography observation mode according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the respective embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for determining scanning parameters in a progressive scanning terrain observation mode specifically includes:
step 1, inputting system parameters, wherein the system parameters comprise: the antenna scanning angular speed, the number of the sub-swaths, the beam width of each sub-swath, the beam center slant distance and the beam ground projection speed;
step 2, setting an initial overlapping coefficient of the azimuth direction sub mapping band;
step 3, constructing an equation set containing an overlapping coefficient according to the geometric relation of the satellite and the ground, and calculating a scanning period, a scanning angle of each sub-swath and scanning time according to the equation set;
step 4, according to the actual scanning capability, the stepping precision and the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) of the antenna, the scanning period, the scanning angle and the scanning time of each sub-swath in the step 3 are practically adjusted to obtain actually usable working parameters, wherein the actually usable working parameters comprise the scanning angle, the stepping times, the stepping resident pulse number, the actual scanning time, the effective scanning track of the wave beam and the overlapping length of the central tracks of the wave beam scanned for two times continuously;
and step 5, calculating the overlapping degree of the near-end azimuth of each sub mapping band wave beam to the adjacent actual observation band according to the actually usable working parameters obtained in the step 4, when the overlapping degree does not meet the requirement, adjusting the overlapping coefficient, calculating the scanning period, the scanning angle and the scanning time of each sub mapping band again according to the step 3, and adjusting the actually usable working parameters according to the step 4 until the overlapping degree meets the requirement.
Specifically, the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1, inputting system parameters, and inputting system parameters required by calculation, wherein the system parameters comprise: the antenna scanning angular velocity, the number of the sub-swaths, the beam width of each sub-swath, the beam center slant distance, the beam near-end slant distance, the beam ground projection speed and the like.
And 2, setting an initial overlapping coefficient of the azimuth sub mapping band.
The initial overlap factor may be set to 1, i.e. no overlap, and then the requirement is met by increasing the overlap factor; it can also be set to a larger value, such as 1.1, and then the overlap factor is reduced to meet the requirement, and the specific value can be determined according to the actual requirement.
And 3, constructing an equation set containing the overlapping coefficient according to the satellite-ground geometric relation, and calculating the scanning period, the scanning angle of each sub measuring and drawing band and the scanning time according to the equation set.
The theoretical calculation equation of the conventional TOPS mode has no overlapping coefficient, so that the invention introduces the overlapping coefficient on the basis of the conventional equation systemk gap From the geometrical relationships, by strict derivation, we obtain:
(|ω|·T b -θ c )·R c +V s ·T b =k gap ·V s ·T R
wherein the content of the first and second substances,ωis the sub swath antenna scan angular velocity,T b is the sub swath azimuth scan duration,θ c is the sub-swath beam width,V s is the sub-swath beam ground projection velocity,R c is the center slant distance of the sub-swath,T R is the scan period.
Determining the number of the sub mapping bands of the distance direction according to the resolution and the width required by the system, and assuming that the number of the sub mapping bands is n, obtaining an equation set as follows:
wherein the superscript (-) denotes the child swath index,T R representing the scan period.
Solving the equation set can determine the m azimuth scanning duration of the sub mapping band
M denotes the mth subpologram, m =1,2, …, n.
Then by the formula
Calculating the azimuth maximum scanning angle of the mth sub-swath to further obtain the scanning angle range of the antenna
. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the maximum scan angle of the antenna beam in the azimuth direction within each sub swath.
Step 4, according to the actual scanning capability, the stepping precision and the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) of the antenna, the scanning period, the scanning angle and the scanning time of each sub-swath in the step 3 are practically adjusted to obtain actually usable working parameters, wherein the actually usable working parameters comprise the scanning angle, the stepping times, the stepping resident pulse number, the actual scanning time, the effective scanning track of the wave beam and the overlapping length of the central tracks of the wave beam scanned for two times continuously;
the phased array antenna adopts a step scanning mode, beam continuous scanning cannot be realized, the step precision is limited by antenna beam control precision, any angle cannot be scanned, the number of the stepping resident pulses at each time is an integer value, and any value cannot be obtained, so that practical adjustment needs to be carried out on the calculation result.
Assuming an antenna stepping angle ofdθCalculating the actual maximum scanning angle of the mth sub swath antenna by adopting the following formula:
ceil(. cndot.) denotes an upward integer.
By the formula
And calculating the beam stepping times in the mth mapping sub-band.
By the formula
Calculating the number of resident pulses per step, whereinprf (m) Is the pulse repetition frequency of the sub swath.
By the formula
And calculating the actual scanning time of the mth sub-swath.
By the formula
The actual scan period is calculated.
By the formula
Calculating the effective scanning track of the mth sub swath wave beam, namely the effective imaging length in the azimuth direction; wherein the content of the first and second substances,L m() is the m-th sub-mapping band, the antenna beam is along the azimuth-wise effective imaging length.
By the formula
And calculating the overlapping length of the observed region of the beam center of the mth sub-swath in two continuous scanning periods.
And 5, calculating the actual overlapping degree of the near-end azimuth of each sub mapping band beam according to the actually usable working parameters obtained in the step 4, and judging the overlapping degree.
And judging whether the overlapping degree of each sub mapping band in the azimuth direction to the adjacent observation band meets the requirement. Because the near-end synthetic aperture length of the beam is shorter than the synthetic aperture lengths of the center and the far end of the beam, in order to ensure that the near end has no splicing gap, the overlapping degree of the sub mapping bands in the near-end direction to the adjacent observation bands needs to be calculated.
By the formula
And calculating the difference of the synthetic aperture lengths corresponding to the central visual angle and the near visual angle of the antenna beam in the mth sub mapping band.
By the formula
And calculating the overlapping length of the observation region in the m-th sub mapping band beam near end in two continuous scans.
Judgment of
Whether the overlap requirement is satisfied, i.e., whether the following equation is satisfied:
wherein (A), (B), (C), (D), (C), (B), (C)S 1 ,S 2 ) Indicating the range of overlap required by the system.
If it is not
If the overlapping degree is not in the range, adjusting the overlapping coefficient, and repeating the steps 3 to 5 until the overlapping degree meets the requirement.
The present invention relates to the overlapping coefficientk gap And when the current parameter is more than or equal to 2, the method is equivalent to multi-view processing, so that the method is suitable for calculating the multi-view parameters in the TOPS mode.
And determining actual working parameters according to the calculation result, controlling the SAR system and realizing a TOPS mode of high-resolution repeated observation.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for determining scanning parameters of a progressive scanning terrain observation mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, inputting system parameters, wherein the system parameters comprise: the antenna scanning angular speed, the number of the sub-swaths, the beam width of each sub-swath, the beam center slant distance and the beam ground projection speed;
step 2, setting initial overlapping coefficients of adjacent azimuth observation zones;
step 3, constructing an equation set containing an overlapping coefficient according to the geometric relation of the satellite and the ground, and calculating a scanning period, a scanning angle of each sub-swath and scanning time according to the equation set;
step 4, according to the actual scanning capability, the stepping precision and the pulse repetition frequency of the antenna, carrying out practical adjustment on the scanning period, the scanning angle and the scanning time of each sub-surveying and mapping band in the step 3 to obtain actually usable working parameters, wherein the working parameters comprise the scanning angle, the stepping times, the stepping resident pulse number, the actual scanning time, the effective scanning track of the wave beam and the near-end overlapping length of the wave beam of two adjacent times of scanning;
and 5, calculating the overlapping degree of the near-end direction of the wave beam of each sub mapping band to the actual observation band according to the actually usable working parameters obtained in the step 4, adjusting the overlapping coefficient when the overlapping degree does not meet the requirement, calculating the scanning period, the scanning angle and the scanning time of each sub mapping band according to the step 3, and adjusting the actually usable working parameters according to the step 4 until the overlapping degree meets the requirement.
2. The progressive scan topography observation mode scan parameter determination method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the initial overlapping coefficient is set to be 1, namely, the overlapping coefficient is not overlapped, and then the overlapping coefficient is increased to meet the requirement; or the initial overlap coefficient is set to a number greater than 1 and less than 2, and then the overlap coefficient is reduced to satisfy the requirement.
3. A progressive scan topography observation mode scan parameter determination method according to claim 2, wherein: the step 3 specifically includes:
introducing overlap factork gap And obtaining:
(|ω|·T b -θ c )·R c +V s ·T b =k gap ·V s ·T R
wherein the content of the first and second substances,ωis the sub swath antenna scan angular velocity,T b is the sub swath azimuth scan duration,θ c is the sub-swath beam width,V s is the sub-swath beam ground projection velocity,R c is the center slant distance of the sub-swath,T R is the scan period;
determining the number of the distance direction sub mapping bands according to the resolution and the breadth required by the system, and assuming that the number of the sub mapping bands is n, obtaining the following equation set:
wherein the superscript (-) denotes the child swath index,T R represents a scanning period;
solving the above equation set to determine the azimuth scanning duration of the sub mapping band m
M represents the mth sub-swath, m =1,2, …, n;
by the formula
Calculating the maximum scanning angle of the m-th sub-swath antenna azimuth to further obtain the antenna scanning angle range
Wherein, in the step (A),
is the maximum scan angle of the antenna beam in the azimuth direction within each sub swath.
4. A progressive scan topographical observation mode scan parameter determination method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the step 4 specifically includes:
assuming an antenna stepping angle ofdθCalculating the actual maximum scanning angle of the mth sub-swath antenna by adopting the following formula:
ceil(. cndot.) represents an upward integer;
by the formula
Calculating the scanning stepping times of the wave beam in the mth sub-mapping band;
by the formula
Calculating the number of resident pulses of the mth sub-swath in each step, whereinprf (m) Is the pulse repetition frequency of the mth sub swath;
by the formula
Calculating the actual scanning time of the mth sub-swath;
by the formula
Calculating an actual scanning period;
by the formula
Calculating the effective scanning track of the mth sub swath wave beam, namely the effective imaging length in the azimuth direction;
by the formula
And calculating the azimuth overlapping length of the mth sub-swath beam center in the observation swath in two continuous scanning periods.
5. The progressive scan topography observation mode scan parameter determination method according to claim 4, wherein: the step 5 specifically includes:
by the formula
Calculating the difference of the synthetic aperture lengths corresponding to the central view angle and the near view angle of the antenna beam in the mth sub mapping band;
by the formula
Calculating the overlapping length of the proximal azimuth direction of the observation region scanned twice in the mth sub-mapping band;
judgment of
Whether the overlap requirement is met, i.e. whether the following equation is met:
wherein (A), (B), (C), (D), (C), (B), (C)S 1 ,S 2 ) Indicating the overlap range of the system requirements;
if it is not
If the overlapping degree is not in the range, adjusting the overlapping coefficient, and repeating the steps 3 to 5 until the overlapping degree meets the requirement.
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