CN114938249A - Physical layer secret optical fiber communication system and method - Google Patents
Physical layer secret optical fiber communication system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114938249A CN114938249A CN202111427867.1A CN202111427867A CN114938249A CN 114938249 A CN114938249 A CN 114938249A CN 202111427867 A CN202111427867 A CN 202111427867A CN 114938249 A CN114938249 A CN 114938249A
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- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000739 chaotic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
- H04B10/85—Protection from unauthorised access, e.g. eavesdrop protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
- H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
Abstract
The invention provides a physical layer secret optical fiber communication system and a method, which realize secret transmission of information, can decrypt encrypted information through hardware set by legal parameters for a legal receiving end, and cannot eavesdrop the encrypted information for an illegal eavesdropper. The main device comprises a signal modulation sending end, an information encryption module, a transmission link, an information decryption module and a signal receiving end, and is characterized in that dispersion encryption and self-feedback phase scrambling are realized at the sending end, and in the self-feedback phase scrambling process, the effect of further scrambling is achieved by realizing the nonlinear effect through a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The legal receiving end firstly carries out phase decryption and then carries out dispersion decryption, wherein, the information can be decrypted only by a device with the same parameter setting and the accurate matching of time delay. The scheme has great improvement on transmission capacity and safety, can be compatible with the existing commercial optical assembly, and can be widely applied to scenes with higher confidentiality level.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of optoelectronic communication technology, and more particularly, to a system and method for implementing secure communication of information at the physical layer by using a dispersion-self-feedback phase-loop.
Background
With the rapid development of communication technology, people have increasingly high requirements for high-speed, safe and large-capacity communication. Optical fiber communication is becoming the most dominant communication method today due to its unique advantages of large available bandwidth, high transmission rate, and reduced signal attenuation. Meanwhile, as the capacity of the optical fiber for transmitting information increases, the amount of sensitive information contained in the optical fiber increases, such as confidential information related to finance, national defense, military and business, etc., and thus the security of the optical network is attracting the attention of researchers.
The physical layer is used as a foundation of the internet and the information society, faces increasingly complex and severe information security situation, and meanwhile, the physical layer is used as a first natural barrier of the whole network security, and safety improvement is realized on the physical layer, so that higher-weight safety guarantee can be provided for the whole network, and therefore, the analysis and research of the physical layer security of the optical network have important significance and value. In recent years, schemes for implementing encryption at the physical layer, such as quantum communication, optical code division multiple access technology, chaotic communication, and the like, are being considered. Although these schemes and the like improve data security, there are some disadvantages. Such as the strict requirements of quantum communication on equipment, and is difficult to be compatible with the existing commercial optical components and optical fiber channels; the optical code division multiple access technology has higher requirements on pulses in practical application, and an eavesdropper can recover an encrypted signal by methods such as energy detection, differential detection or code interception; due to the sensitivity to initial values and the limitation of bandwidth, the chaotic optical communication also restricts the use of the chaotic optical communication in practice.
The scheme is characterized in that a modulation signal passes through a dispersion component and a self-feedback phase ring to realize an encryption effect, wherein a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is added into the self-feedback phase ring to play a role of introducing a nonlinear role, and a time delay characteristic in the encryption process of the self-feedback phase ring can be hidden under the nonlinear role, because the leakage of the time delay characteristic influences the safety level in the communication process. The legal receiving end can decrypt the information only by the device with the same parameter setting and the accurate time delay matching, if an illegal eavesdropper intercepts the encrypted information from the transmission link, but the transmission signal cannot be correctly acquired without legal parameter setting (such as time delay matching, dispersion matching and the like). It is worth mentioning that this scheme differs from other secure communication schemes in that no additional key distribution is required, which is also a hot spot and a problem in communication research, and the scheme implements phase encryption by self-feedback phase loops. In addition, the scheme combines a hardware structure and a key space to realize the secret communication with enhanced safety on the signal, so that the safety is greatly improved. And the scheme can be well combined with the existing commercial optical component and the optical fiber transmission system, and has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The primary object of the present invention is to provide a physical layer secure optical fiber communication system and method, which solves the key distribution and system security problems in the existing secure optical communication scheme by encryption on the hardware layer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the proposed physical layer security optical fiber communication system and method mainly comprises five parts, namely a signal modulation transmitting end, an information encryption module, a transmission link, an information decryption module and a signal receiving end, wherein:
the output end of the signal modulation sending end is connected with the input end of the information encryption module, in the information encryption module, signals are subjected to dispersion encryption and phase encryption through the first dispersion part and the first phase modulator, the output end of the information encryption module is connected with the input end of the transmission link to realize transmission of encrypted information, the output end of the transmission link is connected with the input end of the information decryption module, in the information decryption module, encrypted signals are subjected to phase decryption and dispersion decryption through the second phase modulator and the second dispersion part, and the output end of the information decryption module is connected with the input end of the signal receiving end to realize detection and reception of the signals.
Preferably, the signal modulation transmitting end includes an external cavity semiconductor laser, a carrier intensity modulator, and a data generation module. The output end of the external cavity semiconductor laser is connected with the input end of the carrier intensity modulator, and the data generation module is used as a driving signal of the carrier intensity modulator, so that the output information of the carrier intensity modulator is a modulation signal.
Preferably, the information encryption module includes a first dispersion element, a first polarization controller, a first phase modulator, a first coupler, a first mach-zehnder interferometer, a first delay adjustable module, and a first photodetector, where:
the output end of the carrier intensity modulator is connected with the input end of the first dispersion part, the output end of the first dispersion part is connected with the input end of the first polarization controller, the output end of the first polarization controller is connected with the input end of the first phase modulator, the output end of the first phase modulator is connected with the input end of the first coupler, the output end of the first coupler is divided into two optical paths, the output end of one optical path is connected with the input end of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the output end of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with the input end of the first time delay adjustable module, the output end of the first time delay adjustable module is connected with the input end of the first photoelectric detector, the output end of the first photodetector is used as a driving signal of the first phase modulator, and the output end of the other branch optical path of the first coupler is connected with the input end of the transmission link. The information encryption module is used for encrypting the modulation signal.
Preferably, the transmission link includes a standard single mode fiber, a dispersion compensation fiber, a first optical amplifier, and a tunable optical filter module, wherein:
the output end of the first coupler is connected with the input end of the standard single-mode optical fiber, the output end of the standard single-mode optical fiber is connected with the input end of the dispersion compensation optical fiber, the output end of the dispersion compensation optical fiber is connected with the input end of the first optical amplifier, and the output end of the first optical amplifier is connected with the input end of the adjustable optical filter module. And realizing the transmission of the encrypted information.
Preferably, the information decryption module includes a second coupler, a second polarization controller, a second phase modulator, a second mach-zehnder interferometer, a second delay-adjustable module, a second photodetector, and a second dispersion unit, where:
the output end of the adjustable light filter module is connected with the input end of the second coupler, the output end of the second coupler is divided into two light paths, the output end of one light path is connected with the input end of the second polarization controller, the output end of the second polarization controller is connected with the input end of the second phase modulator, the output end of the other optical path of the second coupler is connected with the input end of the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the output end of the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with the input end of the second time delay adjustable module, the output end of the second time delay adjustable module is connected with the input end of the second photoelectric detector, the output end of the second photoelectric detector is used as a driving signal of the second phase modulator, and the output end of the second phase modulator is connected with the input end of the second dispersion component. The information decryption module is used for decrypting the encrypted information.
Preferably, the signal receiving end comprises a third photodetector, wherein:
an output of the second dispersive component is connected to an input of the third photodetector. The signal receiving end realizes the detection and the receiving of the signal.
Preferably, at an operating wavelength of the external cavity semiconductor laser, an absolute value of a dispersion value of the first dispersion member is the same as an absolute value of a dispersion value of the second dispersion member, and the second dispersion member is a negative dispersion member if the first dispersion member is a positive dispersion member and a positive dispersion member if the first dispersion member is a negative dispersion member.
Preferably, the parameter settings of the first mach-zehnder interferometer and the second mach-zehnder interferometer are the same.
Preferably, the information encryption module first performs dispersion encryption and then phase encryption, and the information decryption module first performs phase decryption and then performs dispersion decryption.
Preferably, the method is applied to a physical layer secure optical fiber communication system and method, and comprises the following steps:
the light emitted by the external cavity semiconductor laser is driven by the data generation module in the carrier intensity modulator to generate a modulation signal, and the modulation signal carries the signal generated by the data generation module. The broadening of the optical pulse is realized through a first dispersion component in an information encryption module, the encryption of the phase is realized through a first phase modulator, and the nonlinear action is carried out on the signal through a first Mach-Zehnder interferometer. And enters the information decryption module through the transmission link. In the information decryption module, the signal firstly realizes phase decryption through the second phase modulator, wherein the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer provides the nonlinear action same as that of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and then realizes dispersion encryption for compensating the first dispersion component through the second dispersion component. And the signal enters a third photoelectric detector after passing through the second dispersion part to realize the detection and reception of the signal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 signal modulation transmitting end, 101 external cavity semiconductor laser, 102 carrier intensity modulator, 103 data generation module, 2 information encryption module, 201 first dispersion component, 202 first polarization controller, 203 first phase modulator, 204 first coupler, 205 first mach-zehnder interferometer, 206 first delay adjustable module, 207 first photoelectric detector, 3 transmission link, 301 standard single mode fiber, 302 dispersion compensation fiber, 303 first optical amplifier, 304 adjustable optical filtering module, 4 information decryption module, 401 second coupler, 402 second polarization controller, 403 second phase modulator, 404 second mach-zehnder interferometer, 405 second delay adjustable module, 406 second photoelectric detector, 407 second dispersion component, 5 signal receiving end, 501 third photoelectric detector.
Detailed Description
To clearly illustrate the physical layer secure fiber optic communication system and method of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the examples and the accompanying drawings, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
For the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a physical layer secure optical fiber communication system and method. Note that, in the configuration diagram, a broken line indicates a circuit, and a solid line indicates an optical path.
At a signal modulation transmitting end of 1, an External Cavity Semiconductor Laser (ECSL) emits light with a central wavelength λ as an optical carrier, the optical carrier passes through a carrier intensity modulator, and meanwhile, a data generation module generates an electrical signal to be transmitted, wherein the electrical signal may be an electrical non-return-to-zero signal (NRZ), a duobinary signal (DB), a four-level pulse amplitude signal (PAM4), an eight-level pulse amplitude signal (PAM8), and the like, and is modulated into an optical signal after passing through the carrier intensity modulator.
In the 2 information encryption module, an optical signal passes through a first dispersion component (D1) to realize broadening of optical pulses, and the output of the first dispersion component sequentially passes through a first polarization controller (PC1), a first phase modulator (PM1) and a first coupler (OC 1). The output of the first coupler is divided into two optical paths, one optical path passes through a first Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI1), nonlinear effect is achieved through interference of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer, further optical information is disturbed, the output of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer enters a first photoelectric detector (PD1) after passing through a first time delay adjustable module (T1), photoelectric conversion is achieved after passing through the first photoelectric detector, an electric signal output by the first photoelectric detector is loaded on the first phase modulator and serves as a driving signal of the first phase modulator to achieve phase encryption on the optical signal passing through the first phase modulator. The other optical path of the first coupler now enters the transmission link.
In the 3 transmission link, encrypted information enters a transmission link consisting of a Standard Single Mode Fiber (SSMF) and a Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF) for transmission. The purpose of the dispersion compensating fiber is, among other things, to compensate for the dispersion introduced by standard single mode fibers in the transmission link. The optical power of the encrypted signal is amplified by a first optical amplifier (EDFA), and noise introduced by the first optical amplifier is filtered by an adjustable optical filter module.
In the 4 information decryption module, a signal output by the tunable optical filter module is divided into two optical paths through a second coupler (OC2), one optical path sequentially passes through a second polarization controller (PC2) and a second phase modulator (PM2), and the other optical path passes through a second Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI2) to generate the same interference and nonlinear effect as the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer, so that the same degree of disturbance on optical information is achieved. The output of the second mach-zehnder interferometer is connected to an input of a second delay tunable module (T2). And the first time delay adjustable module and the second time delay adjustable module are adjusted to ensure that the signal can be correctly decrypted. And entering a second photoelectric detector (PD2) through a second time delay adjustable module to realize photoelectric conversion. The electrical signal passing through the second photodetector serves as a drive signal for the second phase modulator to effect phase decryption of the optical signal passing through the second phase modulator. The output of the second phase modulator is passed through a second dispersion unit (D2) to effect decryption of the dispersion. Note that the dispersion value of the second dispersion member is used to compensate for the dispersion effect caused by the first dispersion member.
At the 5 signal receiving end, the driving information modulated on the carrier intensity modulator can be obtained only by performing photoelectric conversion on the output information of the second dispersion part through a third photodetector (PD 3).
It can be seen from the specific examples that the invention provides a physical layer security optical fiber communication system and method, which utilizes an information encryption module composed of a dispersion component and a self-feedback phase loop to encrypt signals under the combined action of dispersion encryption and self-feedback phase disturbance. And the legal receiving end recovers the information by using the information decryption module with the same parameter setting and the accurate time delay matching. Because the information encryption module and the information decryption module do not need to additionally realize key distribution, the cost and the difficulty of the communication system are greatly reduced, and an eavesdropper cannot keep synchronization with the encrypted information in the decryption process and cannot correctly decrypt a signal even knowing the structure of the invention, thereby improving the transmission safety of the system. Moreover, the system is suitable for all information suitable for light intensity modulation, so that the system has a great development prospect in the future.
Although illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, but is capable of modifications within the scope and spirit of the principles and methods described herein.
Claims (10)
1. A physical layer secret optical fiber communication system and method is characterized by comprising five parts, namely a signal modulation sending end, an information encryption module, a transmission link, an information decryption module and a signal receiving end, wherein:
the output end of the signal modulation sending end is connected with the input end of the information encryption module, in the information encryption module, signals are subjected to dispersion encryption and phase encryption through the first dispersion part and the first phase modulator, the output end of the information encryption module is connected with the input end of the transmission link to realize transmission of encrypted information, the output end of the transmission link is connected with the input end of the information decryption module, in the information decryption module, encrypted signals are subjected to phase decryption and dispersion decryption through the second phase modulator and the second dispersion part, and the output end of the information decryption module is connected with the input end of the signal receiving end to realize detection and reception of the signals.
2. The system and method of claim 1, wherein the signal modulation transmitter comprises an external cavity semiconductor laser, a carrier intensity modulator, and a data generation module. The output end of the external cavity semiconductor laser is connected with the input end of the carrier intensity modulator, and the data generation module is used as a driving signal of the carrier intensity modulator, so that the output information of the carrier intensity modulator is a modulation signal.
3. The physical layer privacy fiber optic communication system and method of claim 2, wherein the information encryption module comprises a first dispersion element, a first polarization controller, a first phase modulator, a first coupler, a first mach-zehnder interferometer, a first time delay tunable module, and a first photodetector, wherein:
the output end of the carrier intensity modulator is connected with the input end of the first dispersion part, the output end of the first dispersion part is connected with the input end of the first polarization controller, the output end of the first polarization controller is connected with the input end of the first phase modulator, the output end of the first phase modulator is connected with the input end of the first coupler, the output end of the first coupler is divided into two optical paths, the output end of one optical path is connected with the input end of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the output end of the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with the input end of the first time delay adjustable module, the output end of the first time delay adjustable module is connected with the input end of the first photoelectric detector, the output end of the first photodetector is used as a driving signal of the first phase modulator, and the output end of the other branch optical path of the first coupler is connected with the input end of the transmission link. The information encryption module is used for encrypting the modulation signal.
4. The system and method of claim 3, wherein the transmission link comprises a standard single mode fiber, a dispersion compensating fiber, a first optical amplifier and an adjustable optical filter module, wherein:
the output end of the first coupler is connected with the input end of the standard single-mode optical fiber, the output end of the standard single-mode optical fiber is connected with the input end of the dispersion compensation optical fiber, the output end of the dispersion compensation optical fiber is connected with the input end of the first optical amplifier, and the output end of the first optical amplifier is connected with the input end of the adjustable optical filter module. The transmission link enables transmission of encrypted information.
5. The physical layer privacy fiber optic communication system and method of claim 4 wherein the information decryption module comprises a second coupler, a second polarization controller, a second phase modulator, a second Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a second delay tunable module, a second photodetector, and a second dispersion element, wherein:
the output end of the adjustable light filter module is connected with the input end of the second coupler, the output end of the second coupler is divided into two light paths, the output end of one light path is connected with the input end of the second polarization controller, the output end of the second polarization controller is connected with the input end of the second phase modulator, the output end of the other optical path of the second coupler is connected with the input end of the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the output end of the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with the input end of the second time delay adjustable module, the output end of the second time delay adjustable module is connected with the input end of the second photoelectric detector, the output of the second photodetector serves as the drive signal for the second phase modulator, the output of which is connected to the input of the second dispersive component. The information decryption module is used for decrypting the encrypted information.
6. The physical layer security fiber optic communication system and method of claim 5, wherein the signal receiving end comprises a third photodetector, wherein:
the output end of the second dispersion member is connected with the input end of the third photodetector. The signal receiving end realizes the detection and the receiving of the signal.
7. A physical layer privacy fiber optic communication system and method as claimed in claims 3 and 5 wherein the first dispersion element and the second dispersion element have the same absolute value of dispersion at the wavelength of operation of the external cavity semiconductor laser, the second dispersion element being a negative dispersion element if the first dispersion element is a positive dispersion element and the second dispersion element being a positive dispersion element if the first dispersion element is a negative dispersion element.
8. A physical layer privacy fiber optic communication system and method as claimed in claims 3 and 5 wherein the parameter settings of said first mach-zehnder interferometer and said second mach-zehnder interferometer are the same.
9. A physical layer security fiber optic communication system and method as in claims 3 and 5, wherein said information encryption module first performs dispersion encryption and then phase encryption, and said information decryption module first performs phase decryption and then dispersion decryption.
10. A physical layer secure optical fiber communication system and method, wherein the method is applied to any one of claims 1 to 9, the physical layer secure optical fiber communication system and method comprising the steps of:
the light emitted by the external cavity semiconductor laser is driven by the data generation module in the carrier intensity modulator to generate a modulation signal, and the modulation signal at the moment carries the signal generated by the data generation module. The broadening of the optical pulse is realized through a first dispersion component in an information encryption module, the encryption of the phase is realized through a first phase modulator, and the nonlinear action is carried out on the signal through a first Mach-Zehnder interferometer. And enters the information decryption module through the transmission link. In the information decryption module, the signal firstly realizes phase decryption through a second phase modulator, wherein the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer provides the same nonlinear function as the first Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and then realizes the dispersion encryption for compensating the first dispersion component through a second dispersion component. And the signal enters a third photoelectric detector after passing through the second dispersion part to realize the detection and the receiving of the signal.
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