CN114937790A - Hydrogen fuel cell system - Google Patents

Hydrogen fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114937790A
CN114937790A CN202210676633.9A CN202210676633A CN114937790A CN 114937790 A CN114937790 A CN 114937790A CN 202210676633 A CN202210676633 A CN 202210676633A CN 114937790 A CN114937790 A CN 114937790A
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Prior art keywords
compressor
expander
air
bearing seat
dry gas
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Chinese (zh)
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淮晓利
付刚平
其他发明人请求不公开姓名
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Shanghai Konowei New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Konowei New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202210676633.9A priority Critical patent/CN114937790A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell system which comprises a refrigeration system component, a turboexpander, a cooling water loop component and an air loop component, wherein the refrigeration system component comprises a centrifugal compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator, the turboexpander and the centrifugal compressor are coaxially arranged and can drive the centrifugal compressor to rotate, an air inlet of the turboexpander is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen tank, an air outlet of the turboexpander is connected with a hydrogen injection device for providing hydrogen for a cell module, and the air inlet of the turboexpander is connected with a waste gas outlet of the cell module. The cooling water circuit is used for cooling the battery module, and the air circuit assembly is connected with the battery module and is used for providing high-pressure air for the battery module. The hydrogen fuel cell system can control the installation space, the system efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell and the manufacturing cost under the condition of ensuring the heat dissipation effect, and is beneficial to the miniaturization, high efficiency and low cost design of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

Description

Hydrogen fuel cell system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell system.
Background
Generally, the hydrogen stack efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell system is between 40% and 60%, that is, almost all the loss except the power output is dissipated in the form of heat, for example, the efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell system with 100kW of hydrogen stack output is 60%, which generates 40kW of heat dissipation, and the common operating temperature range of the hydrogen stack is about 70 ℃ to 75 ℃, so that the supply temperature of cooling water is between 65 ℃ and 70 ℃, and the final heat is dissipated to the air. If the ambient temperature under the operating condition is between 35 ℃ and 55 ℃, the heat transfer temperature difference of the heat dissipation water tank is at least 10 ℃ to 30 ℃, which requires a larger heat transfer area of the heat dissipation water tank and a larger number of heat dissipation fans, thereby causing the need of a larger installation space and higher manufacturing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a hydrogen fuel cell system that can control an installation space while ensuring a heat radiation effect, improve system efficiency and manufacturing cost of a hydrogen fuel cell, and contribute to miniaturization, high efficiency, and low-cost design of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
In order to realize the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising: the refrigeration system component comprises a centrifugal compressor, an air-cooled condenser, an expansion valve and a water-cooled evaporator, and a working medium in the refrigeration system component is a refrigerant; the turbine expander is coaxially arranged with the centrifugal compressor and can drive the centrifugal compressor to rotate, the air inlet of the turbine expander is connected with the high-pressure hydrogen tank, the air outlet of the turbine expander is connected with a hydrogen injection device for providing hydrogen for the battery module, or the air inlet of the turbine expander is connected with the waste gas outlet of the battery module; the cooling water loop assembly is internally provided with cooling water, the cooling water and the refrigerant can exchange heat in the evaporator, and the cooling water is used for cooling the battery module; and the air loop component is connected with the battery module and is used for providing high-pressure air for the battery module.
In some embodiments, the centrifugal compressor includes a compressor volute and a compressor wheel, the turboexpander includes an expander volute and the expander wheel, the compressor volute and the expander volute are disposed back-to-back, and the compressor wheel and the expander wheel are connected by a connection assembly.
In some specific embodiments, the connection assembly includes a connection shaft, and the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes: the two ends of the bearing seat shell are respectively connected to the compressor volute and the expander volute, and the connecting shaft is positioned in the bearing seat shell; the first dry gas sealing assembly is arranged in the bearing seat shell and divides the bearing seat shell into a refrigerant cavity and a hydrogen cavity; the first bearing assemblies are two, each first bearing assembly is arranged on the connecting shaft, and the two first bearing assemblies are positioned on two sides of the first dry gas sealing assembly.
In some specific embodiments, the coupling assembly includes a compressor shaft portion, an expander shaft portion, and a coupling, one end of the compressor shaft portion is connected to the compressor impeller, the other end is connected to one end of the coupling, one end of the expander shaft portion is connected to the expander impeller, and the other end is connected to the other end of the coupling.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes: the compressor bearing seat shell is sleeved on the compressor shaft part, a second bearing component is arranged between the compressor bearing seat shell and the compressor shaft part, and one end of the compressor bearing seat shell is connected to the back of the compressor volute; the bearing seat shell of the expansion machine is sleeved on the shaft part of the expansion machine, a third bearing component is arranged between the bearing seat shell of the expansion machine and the shaft part of the expansion machine, and one end of the bearing seat shell of the expansion machine is connected to the back part of the volute of the expansion machine; wherein: the other end of the compressor bearing seat shell is connected with the other end of the expander bearing seat shell through a connecting piece; or the other end of the compressor bearing seat shell is connected with the other end of the expander bearing seat shell through a coupling shell.
In some specific embodiments, the coupling is a flexible coupling, the flexible coupling being entirely located inside the coupling housing; a second dry gas sealing assembly is arranged in the compressor bearing seat shell and is arranged on one side, facing the coupler shell, of the compressor bearing seat shell; and a third dry gas sealing assembly is arranged in the expander bearing seat shell and is arranged on one side, facing the coupler shell, of the expander bearing seat shell.
In some more specific embodiments, the outlet of the centrifugal compressor is provided with a first capillary tube and a first pressure regulating valve in parallel, the first pressure regulating valve is connected with the dry gas inlet of the second dry gas sealing assembly, and the outlet of the second dry gas sealing assembly is connected with the inlet of the centrifugal compressor in parallel through a first control valve;
and the inlet of the turboexpander is provided with a second capillary tube and a second pressure regulating valve in parallel, the second pressure regulating valve is connected with the dry gas inlet of the third dry gas sealing assembly, and the outlet of the third dry gas sealing assembly is connected with the outlet of the turboexpander in parallel through a second control valve.
In some specific embodiments, the coupling is an electromagnetic coupling, and the electromagnetic coupling includes a first magnetic part and a second magnetic part which are arranged at intervals, the first magnetic part is connected to the compressor shaft part, and the second magnetic part is connected to the expander shaft part; wherein: the first magnetic part is positioned in the coupling housing, a fourth dry gas sealing assembly is arranged between the first magnetic part and the second bearing assembly, and the second magnetic part is arranged in the expander bearing seat housing; or: the first magnetic part is positioned in the compressor bearing seat shell, and the second magnetic part is positioned in the expander bearing seat shell.
In some more specific embodiments, the outlet of the centrifugal compressor is provided with a third capillary tube and a third pressure regulating valve in parallel, the third pressure regulating valve is connected with the dry gas inlet of the fourth dry gas sealing assembly, and the outlet of the fourth dry gas sealing assembly is connected with the inlet of the centrifugal compressor in parallel through a third control valve.
In some embodiments, the cooling water circuit assembly includes a water tank, a water pump, and a heater, the water tank being connected to the evaporator; the air circuit component comprises an air compressor, an air radiator and a humidifying device; the hydrogen fuel cell system further comprises a hydrogen gas recirculation device, and the hydrogen gas recirculation device is connected between the hydrogen gas inlet and the waste gas outlet of the cell module.
The hydrogen fuel cell system has the advantages that the refrigeration system component is additionally arranged, total heat required to be dissipated by the hydrogen fuel cell system is dissipated by the air-cooled condenser of the refrigeration system component, the power source of the compressor of the refrigeration system component is the turbine expander for transporting hydrogen, the installation space is reduced under the condition of ensuring the heat dissipation effect, the manufacturing cost is reduced, the use energy consumption is reduced, and the miniaturization and low-cost design of the hydrogen fuel cell system are facilitated.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of a turboexpander and a centrifugal compressor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the construction of a turboexpander and a centrifugal compressor according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen fuel cell system of a third embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a turboexpander and a centrifugal compressor according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen fuel cell system of a fourth embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the construction of a turboexpander and a centrifugal compressor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen fuel cell system of a fifth embodiment of the invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a turboexpander and a centrifugal compressor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a centrifugal compressor; 101. a compressor volute; 102. a compressor impeller; 2. an air-cooled condenser; 3. an expansion valve; 4. a water-cooled evaporator; 5. a turbo expander; 501. an expander volute; 502. an expander impeller; 6. a connecting shaft; 7. a bearing housing shell; 8. a first dry gas seal assembly; 9. a first bearing assembly; 10. a compressor shaft portion; 11. an expander shaft portion; 12. a coupling; 121. a first magnetic part; 122. a second magnetic part; 13. a compressor bearing housing; 14. a second bearing assembly; 15. an expander bearing housing; 16. a third bearing assembly; 17. a coupling housing; 18. a second dry gas seal assembly; 19. a third dry gas seal assembly; 20. a first capillary tube; 21. a first pressure regulating valve; 22. a first control valve; 23. a second capillary; 24. a second pressure regulating valve; 25. a second control valve; 26. a fourth dry gas seal assembly; 27. a third capillary tube; 28. a third pressure regulating valve; 29. a third control valve; 30. a water tank; 31. a water pump; 32. a heater; 33. an air compressor; 34. an air radiator; 35. a humidifying device; 36. a hydrogen gas recirculation device; 37. a high-pressure hydrogen tank; 38. a hydrogen gas injection device; 39. a battery module is provided.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
In addition, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature for distinguishing between descriptive features, non-sequential, and non-trivial. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
A schematic configuration of a hydrogen fuel cell system of an embodiment of the invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 to 10.
The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell system, as shown in fig. 1, the hydrogen fuel cell system of the embodiment comprises a refrigeration system component, a turbo expander 5, a cooling water loop component and an air loop component, wherein the refrigeration system component comprises a centrifugal compressor 1, an air-cooled condenser 2, an expansion valve 3 and a water-cooled evaporator 4, a working medium in the refrigeration system component is a refrigerant, the turbo expander 5 and the centrifugal compressor 1 are coaxially arranged and can drive the centrifugal compressor 1 to rotate, an air inlet of the turbo expander 5 is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen tank 37, an air outlet of the turbo expander 5 is connected with a hydrogen injection device 38 for providing hydrogen for a battery module 39, or the air inlet of the turbo expander 5 is connected with a waste gas outlet of the battery module 39. The working medium in the cooling water loop assembly is cooling water, the cooling water and the refrigerant can exchange heat in the water-cooling evaporator 4, the cooling water is used for cooling the battery module 39, and the air loop assembly is connected with the battery module 39 and used for providing high-pressure air for the battery module 39. It is understood that the hydrogen fuel cell system of the present embodiment has a total of four circuits during operation, namely, a refrigerant system circuit, a hydrogen gas circuit, a cooling water circuit, and an air circuit. The operation of the four circuits is as follows:
in the refrigerant system loop, because the turboexpander 5 and the centrifugal compressor 1 are coaxially arranged, the high-pressure of the hydrogen gas is reduced after passing through the turboexpander 5, in the process of pressure reduction, the static pressure energy of the hydrogen gas is reduced and converted into kinetic energy to be improved, and the kinetic energy outputs torque and power to the centrifugal compressor 1 to drive the centrifugal compressor 1 to rotate, namely in the embodiment, the turboexpander 5 can also be used as a power output element of the centrifugal compressor 1 while delivering the hydrogen gas, so that the energy consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell system in the embodiment is reduced. The rotation of the centrifugal compressor 1 compresses the refrigerant from a low-pressure refrigerant gas to a high-pressure refrigerant gas. The refrigerant in the refrigerant system loop condenses heat in the air-cooled condenser 2 and radiates to the ambient air, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas condenses in the air-cooled condenser 2 into high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant subcooled liquid, then the refrigerant subcooled liquid enters the expansion valve 3, the refrigerant liquid is throttled into a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant two-phase gas-liquid mixture, then the refrigerant liquid enters the water-cooled evaporator 4, the liquid refrigerant in the water-cooled evaporator 4 flashes to absorb heat and then becomes low-temperature and low-pressure superheated gas, the refrigerant superheated gas returns to the centrifugal compressor 1, and then a refrigeration cycle is completed.
In the cooling water circuit, after cooling water flows through the battery module 39 to cool the battery module 39, the temperature of the cooling water rises, and then the cooling water returns to the water-cooled evaporator 4 to emit heat to the refrigerant, and the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the cooling water and is vaporized into refrigerant superheated gas by flashing.
In the hydrogen loop, the high-pressure hydrogen tank 37 is usually a 35MPa-70MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and can be reduced to about 2MPa by a series of pressure reducing valve sets (the specific composition of the pressure reducing valve sets can be selected according to the needs, but is not limited herein), then the pressure of the hydrogen is further reduced to 1.5MPa by the turboexpander 5, the 1.5MPa hydrogen enters the anode channel of the battery module 39 through the hydrogen injection device 38 and is distributed to the active region in the battery (when the air inlet of the turboexpander 5 is connected with the exhaust gas outlet of the battery module 39, the hydrogen comes out from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 37 and directly enters the battery module), in the active region, the hydrogen reaches the surface of the anode catalyst layer through the gas diffusion layer, and is dissociated into protons and electrons under the action of the catalyst, and the protons pass through the core component of the fuel cell to reach the cathode catalyst layer of the battery, the electrons are collected by the current collecting plate and act on an external circuit, because the electrons pass through the travel current by the external circuit, oxygen of the air loop passes through the surface of the cathode catalyst layer, and under the action of the catalyst, the oxygen is combined with the protons passing through the proton exchange membrane and the electrons of the external circuit to generate water and release a large amount of heat.
In the air circuit, the air circuit introduces outside air into the battery module 39, and ensures that the chemical reaction in the battery module 39 can proceed smoothly.
It should be noted that, for clearly explaining the operating principle of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the present embodiment, in the present embodiment, it is assumed that the total output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system is 100kW, the operating temperature range of the cell module 39 is 75 ℃, the refrigerant is R245fa gas, the condensation temperature of the refrigerant is 95 ℃, the evaporation temperature is 55 ℃, the ambient temperature is 35 ℃ to 55 ℃, the supply temperature of the cooling water entering the cell module 39 is 65 ℃, and the temperature of the cooling water leaving the cell module 39 is 70 ℃.
In the prior art, the hydrogen stack efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell system is about 60%, and 40kW of heat dissipation is generated during operation, and the heat dissipation is directly dissipated to the ambient temperature after the cooling water leaving the cell module 39 enters the heat dissipation water tank. That is, the total heat dissipation in the prior art is 40kW, and the small temperature difference of heat transfer of the heat dissipation water tank is 10 ℃ -30 ℃ (water supply temperature 65 ℃, ambient temperature 35 ℃ -55 ℃). In the present embodiment, the turbo expander 5 can also be used as a power output element of the centrifugal compressor 1 while delivering hydrogen, and the part exchanging heat with the environment is the air-cooled condenser 2, in the present embodiment, the amount of condensing heat exchange should be 40kW of heat generated during the battery operation process plus 15kW of rated power of the compressor, that is, the total heat dissipation in the prior art is 55kW, and the heat transfer temperature difference should be 55 ℃ -75 ℃ (the condensing temperature is 100 ℃, and the ambient temperature is 35 ℃ -55 ℃). According to the common technical knowledge in the field, the area of the heat exchanger should be calculated according to the following formula:
P hydrogen ＝ΔT heat_transfer *A*HTC hext_exchanger
wherein P is hydrogen In kW, Delta T as total heat dissipation heat_transfer The unit is the heat transfer temperature difference of the radiator; a is the heat dissipation area of the radiator, and the unit is m 2 ；HTC hext_exchanger Is the total heat transfer coefficient kW/(m) of the radiator 2 And DEG C), the total heat transfer coefficient depends on the windward side wind speed and the water side water flow rate of the heat exchanger, and the heat exchange coefficient is constant under the condition that the windward side wind speed and the water flow rate are unchanged. It is assumed herein that the total heat transfer coefficient of the heat sink in the prior art and the present embodiment is the same value.
When the ambient temperature is 35 ℃, the inlet temperature of cooling water is 65 ℃, the outlet temperature of cooling water is 75 ℃, and the condensation temperature of a refrigeration system component is 95 ℃, in the prior art: 40kW 30 ℃ A1 HTC hext_exchanger (ii) a In this embodiment:
55kW＝60℃*A2*HTC hext_exchanger from this, a2 ═ 0.68 × a1 can be obtained.
When the temperature is 55 ℃ at the ambient temperatureWhen the inlet water temperature of the cooling water is 65 ℃, the outlet water temperature of the cooling water is 70 ℃, and the condensation temperature of the refrigeration system component is 95 ℃, in the prior art: 40kW 10 ℃ A1 HTC hext_exchanger (ii) a In this embodiment:
55kW＝40℃*A2*HTC hext_exchanger from this, a2 ═ 0.34 × a1 can be obtained. Therefore, the technical scheme of the embodiment can be used for obviously reducing the heat exchange area of the heat exchanger.
Further refinement is calculated as follows:
the design of a heat dissipation water tank of a heat management system of a hydrogen fuel cell system in the prior art is adopted, the heat dissipation water tank is used for heat exchange between cooling water and ambient air, according to the design of a typical heat dissipation water tank, the head-on wind speed is 4m/s, and the heat transfer capacity is 2 kW/(m) m 2 C.g. to be prepared into a preparation. At the ambient temperature of 55 ℃, the minimum heat transfer temperature difference between cooling water and ambient air is 10 ℃, the length of a heat dissipation water tank for limiting effective heat transfer is 800mm, and the heat dissipation capacity of 40kW requires 2m of heat exchange area 2 And the height of the heat radiation water tank is 2500 mm. At the environment temperature of 35 ℃, the minimum heat transfer temperature difference of cooling water and ambient air is 30 ℃, the length of a heat dissipation water tank for limiting effective heat transfer is 800mm, and the heat dissipation capacity of 40kW requires the heat exchange area to be 0.67m 2 Then the height of the radiating water tank is 833 mm. Considering the highest environment temperature, the heat exchanger is designed by 800mm x 2500mm, and the heat exchange area is 2m 2 12 heat radiation fans are required to be arranged on the heat radiation water tank, and the total air volume is 8m 3 /s(28800m 3 H), the air quantity requirement of a single fan is 2400m 3 H is used as the reference value. The power consumption per unit air flow of a typical axial flow fan is 0.175W/(m) 3 And h), the total power consumption of the fan is about 5 kW.
By adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment, the air-cooled condenser 2 exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the ambient air, the head-on wind speed is 4m/s and the heat transfer capacity is 2.5 kW/(m) according to the design of the typical air-cooled condenser 2 2 The temperature is higher than the heat transfer performance of the water-side single-phase flow. At an ambient temperature of 55 ℃: the minimum heat transfer temperature difference between the refrigerant and the air is 40 ℃, the length of the air-cooled condenser 2 for limiting effective heat transfer is 800mm, and the heat dissipation capacity of 55kW requires the heat exchange area to be 0.55m 2 Air coolingThe height of the condenser 2 was 688 mm. At an ambient temperature of 35 ℃: the minimum heat transfer temperature difference between the refrigerant and the air is 60 ℃, the length of the radiator for limiting effective heat transfer is 800mm, and the heat dissipation capacity of 55kW requires the heat exchange area to be 0.37m 2 The height of the air-cooled condenser 2 is 465 mm. Considering the highest environment temperature, the heat exchanger is designed by 800mm x 688mm, and the heat exchange area is 0.55m 2 4 cooling fans are required to be arranged on the air-cooled condenser 2, and the total air volume requirement is 2.2m 3 /s(7920m 3 H), the air quantity requirement of a single fan is 1980m 3 H is the ratio of the total weight of the catalyst to the total weight of the catalyst. The power consumption per unit air flow of a typical axial flow fan is 0.175W/(m) 3 H), the total power consumption of the fan is about 1.4 kW.
In summary, the heat transfer area required by the technical solution of the present embodiment is 28% of that of the conventional heat dissipation water tank. The number of fans used is one third of the prior art, and although one centrifugal compressor 1 and one water-cooled evaporator 4 are added in the structure, the occupied space, the system efficiency and the manufacturing cost of the hydrogen fuel cell system can be reduced.
Further, in the present embodiment, the inlet port of the turbo expander 5 is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen tank 37, and the outlet port of the turbo expander 5 is connected to the hydrogen gas injection device 38 that supplies hydrogen gas to the battery module 39, or the inlet port of the turbo expander 5 is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the battery module 39. In the present embodiment, the turbo expander 5 is of two types, one type is a hydrogen turbo expander, and when the hydrogen gas output from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 37 flows through an expansion impeller of the hydrogen turbo expander, the reduction in the pressure of the hydrogen gas can convert pressure energy into kinetic energy to drive the hydrogen turbo expander shaft to rotate so as to drive the centrifugal compressor 1, which is coaxially arranged, to rotate. Another type of turbo expander is an air turbo expander, and since the battery module 39 only consumes oxygen when undergoing a chemical reaction, the exhaust gas is a harmless gas and carries a large amount of energy, and when the exhaust gas flows through the air turbo expander, the pressure of the exhaust gas is reduced to convert the pressure energy into kinetic energy, so as to drive the air turbo expander shaft to rotate, thereby driving the coaxially arranged centrifugal compressor 1 to rotate. In particular, a typical 100kW hydrogen fuel cell system has a total air mass flow of about 0.16kg/s, and considering 2.0 times the actual air flow, the actual oxygen mass flow provided can be up to 0.032kg/s, the flow ratio of oxygen and hydrogen is about 8.0, and the input power to the centrifugal compressor 1 is 15 kW. Considering the actual oxygen consumption in a hydrogen fuel system, a mixture of 80% nitrogen and oxygen with a certain pressure is discharged as an exhaust gas, and about 65% of the air pressure can recover about 8kW of kinetic energy, that is, only one 7kW motor-driven centrifugal compressor 1 is required.
In summary, in the hydrogen fuel cell system of the present embodiment, the turbo expander 5 is used to drive the centrifugal compressor 1 through the pressure drop of the hydrogen or the exhaust gas, and a motor for driving the centrifugal compressor 1 alone or a motor with lower power is not provided at all in the actual working process, so that the energy saving function is better achieved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, centrifugal compressor 1 includes compressor volute 101 and compressor wheel 102, turboexpander 5 includes expander volute 501 and expander wheel 502, compressor volute 101 and expander volute 501 are disposed back-to-back, and compressor wheel 102 and expander wheel 502 are connected by a connection assembly. It will be appreciated that the back-to-back arrangement of the expander volutes 501 of the compressor volute 101 balances the axial forces generated during rotation of the compressor wheel 102 and the expander wheel 502, thereby ensuring a stable connection of the centrifugal compressor 1 and the turboexpander 5. The compressor impeller 102 and the expander impeller 502 are connected by the connecting assembly, so that the compressor impeller 102 can rotate synchronously when the expander impeller 502 rotates, and the turbo expander 5 can stably drive the centrifugal compressor 1 to rotate.
In some specific embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the connecting assembly includes a connecting shaft 6, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a bearing housing 7, a first dry gas seal assembly 8 and first bearing assemblies 9, two ends of the bearing housing 7 are respectively connected to the compressor volute 101 and the expander volute 501, the connecting shaft 6 is located inside the bearing housing 7, the first dry gas seal assembly 8 is disposed inside the bearing housing 7 and divides the bearing housing 7 into a refrigerant cavity and a hydrogen cavity, there are two first bearing assemblies 9, each first bearing assembly 9 is disposed on the connecting shaft 6, and the two first bearing assemblies 9 are disposed on two sides of the first dry gas seal assembly 8. It can be understood that, bearing seat housing 7 is connected between compressor volute 101 and expander volute 501, so that the space between compressor volute 101 and expander volute 501 is in a sealed state, thereby preventing external air from entering compressor volute 101 or expander volute 501, and also better preventing refrigerant in compressor volute 101 and hydrogen in expander volute 501 from diffusing mutually or escaping outwards. And the first bearing assembly 9 ensures that the connecting shaft 6 can be stably held in the bearing housing 7, and ensures that the connecting shaft 6 can be stably rotated during operation, so as to ensure that the turbo expander 5 can stably drive the centrifugal compressor 1 to rotate.
Optionally, the first bearing assembly 9 comprises an air thrust bearing and an air thrust bearing, and the air thrust bearing is disposed adjacent to the first dry gas seal assembly 8. It can be understood that the first bearing assembly 9 is an air bearing, and thus a bearing mounting boss is not provided in the bearing seat housing 7, thereby simplifying the structure of the bearing seat housing 7 and reducing the manufacturing cost of the bearing seat housing 7. And the air-float radial bearing and the air-float thrust bearing are selected to be capable of better supporting the connecting shaft 6 in the radial direction and the axial direction, and the connecting shaft 6 is ensured to be capable of stably rotating. Of course, it should be additionally noted that in other embodiments of the present invention, the first bearing assembly 9 may be selected according to actual needs, and is not limited to the air-float radial bearing and the air-float thrust bearing of the present embodiment.
In particular embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, 6 and 8, the coupling assembly includes a compressor shaft portion 10, an expander shaft portion 11, and a coupling 12, the compressor shaft portion 10 being coupled to the compressor wheel 102 at one end and to the coupling 12 at an opposite end, the expander shaft portion 11 being coupled to the expander wheel 502 at one end and to the coupling 12 at an opposite end. It will be appreciated that if a long shaft is used to connect the compressor wheel 102 to the expander wheel 502, the strength requirements for the long shaft are relatively high, which increases the cost of manufacturing the connection assembly. In this embodiment, the connecting assembly is divided into three parts, namely, the compressor shaft part 10, the expander shaft part 11 and the coupling 12, and the length of each part is not too long, so that the strength requirement of each part is not too high, and the compressor shaft part 10, the expander shaft part 11 and the coupling 12 do not need to be made of materials with high strength, so that the manufacturing cost of the connecting assembly is reduced.
In some more specific embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, 6 and 8, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a compressor bearing housing 13 and an expander bearing housing 15, the compressor bearing housing 13 is sleeved on the compressor shaft 10, a second bearing assembly 14 is disposed between the compressor bearing housing 13 and the compressor shaft 10, one end of the compressor bearing housing 13 is connected to the back of the compressor volute 101, the expander bearing housing 15 is sleeved on the expander shaft 11, a third bearing assembly 16 is disposed between the expander shaft 11, and one end of the expander bearing housing 15 is connected to the back of the expander volute 501. It will be appreciated that the compressor bearing housing 13 is capable of confining the compressor shaft portion 10 to a relatively closed space to prevent refrigerant from escaping or outside air from entering the interior of the centrifugal compressor 1, while the second bearing assembly 14 ensures that the compressor shaft portion 10 is stably retained within the compressor bearing housing 13, ensuring that the compressor shaft portion 10 is stably rotated during operation, and ensuring that the turbo-expander 5 is stably driven to rotate the centrifugal compressor 1. The expander bearing housing 15 is capable of confining the expander shaft portion 11 in a relatively closed space to prevent refrigerant from escaping or external air from entering the interior of the turboexpander 5, and the third bearing assembly 16 ensures that the expander shaft portion 11 can be stably held in the expander bearing housing 15, ensuring that the expander shaft portion 11 can stably rotate during operation, and ensuring that the turboexpander 5 can stably drive the centrifugal compressor 1 to rotate.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, the second bearing assembly 14 includes an air thrust bearing and an air thrust bearing, with the air thrust bearing being disposed proximate to an end of the compressor shaft 10. It can be understood that the second bearing assembly 14 is an air bearing, and thus no bearing mounting boss is provided in the compressor bearing housing 13, so as to simplify the structure of the compressor bearing housing 13 and reduce the manufacturing cost of the compressor bearing housing 13. And the air-floating radial bearing and the air-floating thrust bearing are selected to be capable of supporting the compressor shaft part 10 well in both radial and axial directions and ensuring that the compressor shaft part 10 can rotate stably. Of course, it should be additionally noted that in other embodiments of the present invention, the type of the second bearing assembly 14 can be selected according to actual needs, and is not limited to the air-float radial bearing and the air-float thrust bearing of the present embodiment.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the third bearing assembly 16 includes an air thrust bearing and an air thrust bearing, and the air thrust bearing is provided near the end of the expander shaft portion 11. It can be understood that the third bearing assembly 16 may be an air bearing without a bearing mounting boss in the expander bearing housing shell 15, thereby simplifying the structure of the expander bearing housing shell 15 and reducing the manufacturing cost of the expander bearing housing shell 15. And the selected air-float radial bearing and air-float thrust bearing can well support the expander shaft part 11 in the radial direction and the axial direction, and ensure that the expander shaft part 11 can stably rotate. Of course, it should be additionally noted that in other embodiments of the present invention, the type of the third bearing assembly 16 may be selected according to actual needs, and is not limited to the air-float radial bearing and the air-float thrust bearing of the present embodiment.
Alternatively, the other end of the compressor bearing housing 13 is connected to the other end of the expander bearing housing 15 by a connector. This can simplify the connection structure between the turboexpander 5 and the centrifugal compressor 1, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the entire hydrogen fuel cell system.
Alternatively, the other end of the compressor bearing housing 13 is connected to the other end of the expander bearing housing 15 by a coupling housing 17. It can be understood that the coupling housing 17 is connected between the compressor bearing housing 13 and the expander bearing housing 15, so that the space between the compressor bearing housing 13 and the expander bearing housing 15 is in a sealed state, thereby preventing external air from entering the compressor bearing housing 13 or the expander bearing housing 15, and also better preventing the refrigerant in the compressor volute 101 and the hydrogen in the expander volute 501 from diffusing or escaping.
In some specific embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the coupling 12 is a flexible coupling, the flexible coupling is entirely located inside the coupling housing 17, the second dry gas seal assembly 18 is disposed inside the compressor bearing housing 13, the second dry gas seal assembly 18 is disposed on a side of the compressor bearing housing 13 facing the coupling housing 17, the third dry gas seal assembly 19 is disposed inside the expander bearing housing 15, and the third dry gas seal assembly 19 is disposed on a side of the expander bearing housing 15 facing the coupling housing 17. It will be appreciated that the coupling 12 is a flexible coupling which ensures a stable connection between the compressor shaft part 10 and the expander shaft part 11 and to a certain extent also absorbs vibrations between the two, thereby improving reliability. The second dry gas seal assembly 18 ensures that gas within the compressor bearing housing shell 13 does not escape and prevents outside gas from entering the interior of the compressor bearing housing shell 13. And the third dry gas seal assembly 19 ensures that gas within the expander bearing housing 15 does not escape and prevents external gas from entering the expander bearing housing 15.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the outlet of the centrifugal compressor 1 is provided with a first capillary tube 20 and a first pressure regulating valve 21 in parallel, the first pressure regulating valve 21 is connected to the dry gas inlet of the second dry gas sealing assembly 18, and the outlet of the second dry gas sealing assembly 18 is connected in parallel to the inlet of the centrifugal compressor 1 through a first control valve 22. It can be understood that, by using the refrigerant gas in the centrifugal compressor 1 as the sealing gas of the second dry gas sealing assembly 18, an external gas source is not required, and the use cost of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the embodiment can be reduced to some extent. It should be noted that the types and relative sizes of the first capillary 20, the first pressure regulating valve 21 and the first control valve 22 can be selected according to actual needs, and the first capillary 20, the first pressure regulating valve 21 and the first control valve 22 are not limited herein.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the inlet of the turboexpander 5 is provided with a second capillary 23 and a second pressure regulating valve 24 in parallel, the second pressure regulating valve 24 is connected to the dry gas inlet of the third dry gas sealing assembly 19, and the outlet of the third dry gas sealing assembly 19 is connected in parallel to the outlet of the turboexpander 5 through a second control valve 25. It can be understood that, by using the hydrogen gas in the turboexpander 5 as the sealing gas of the third dry gas sealing assembly 19, an external gas source is not required, and the use cost of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the embodiment can be reduced to some extent. It should be noted that the types and relative sizes of the second capillary 23, the second pressure regulating valve 24 and the second control valve 25 can be selected according to actual needs, and the second capillary 23, the second pressure regulating valve 24 and the second control valve 25 are not limited herein.
In some specific embodiments, as shown in fig. 5-8, the coupling 12 is an electromagnetic coupling, and the electromagnetic coupling includes a first magnetic part 121 and a second magnetic part 122 that are spaced apart from each other, the first magnetic part 121 is connected to the compressor shaft 10, and the second magnetic part 122 is connected to the expander shaft 11. Compared with a flexible coupling, the electromagnetic coupling is more convenient to mount, so that the assembly of the coupling 12 is simplified.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 6, the first magnetic part 121 is located in the coupling housing 17 with the fourth dry gas seal assembly 26 between it and the second bearing assembly 14, and the second magnetic part 122 is located in the expander bearing housing 15.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 8, the first magnetic part 121 is located in the compressor bearing housing 13 and the second magnetic part 122 is located in the expander bearing housing 15. The structure can be applied to occasions with small torque ratio and incapability of using shaft seal or dry gas seal, thereby improving the compatibility of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the embodiment.
In some more specific embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the outlet of the centrifugal compressor 1 is provided with a third capillary 27 and a third pressure regulating valve 28 in parallel, the third pressure regulating valve 28 is connected to the dry gas inlet of the fourth dry gas seal assembly 26, and the outlet of the fourth dry gas seal assembly 26 is connected in parallel with the inlet of the centrifugal compressor 1 through a third control valve 29. It can be understood that the refrigerant gas in the centrifugal compressor 1 can be used as the sealing gas of the fourth dry gas sealing assembly 26, and an external gas source is not needed, so that the use cost of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the embodiment can be reduced to a certain extent. It should be noted that the types and relative sizes of the third capillary 27, the third pressure regulating valve 28 and the third control valve 29 can be selected according to actual needs, and the third capillary 27, the third pressure regulating valve 28 and the third control valve 29 are not limited herein.
In some embodiments, the cooling water circuit assembly includes a water tank 30, a water pump 31, and a heater 32, the water tank 30 being connected to the water-cooled evaporator 4. It can be understood that the water tank 30 can play a role of buffering, so as to ensure that enough cooling water is always reserved in the cooling water loop, and the water pump 31 provides power for the flow of the cooling water. Although the temperature of cooling water can play the cooling effect to battery module 39 when excessively low, battery module 39 appears the phenomenon of abrupt temperature drop and leads to damaging very easily, and in this embodiment, heater 32 can suitably heat the cooling water, avoids the phenomenon of cooling water temperature degree low to take place.
In some embodiments, the air circuit assembly includes an air compressor 33, an air radiator 34, and a humidifier 35. The air compressor 33 can provide high-pressure air for the battery module 39, so that chemical reaction in the battery module 39 is ensured to be stably carried out, the air radiator 34 can reduce the temperature of the air, adverse effects on the battery module 39 caused by the air with too high temperature are avoided, and the humidifying device 35 can promote the humidity of the air entering the battery module 39, so that the chemical reaction in the battery module 39 can be stably carried out.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a hydrogen gas recirculation device 36, the hydrogen gas recirculation device 36 being connected between the hydrogen gas inlet and the exhaust gas outlet of the cell module 39. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of the hydrogen can be improved, and the waste of the hydrogen fuel cell system is reduced.
It should be additionally noted that, in the foregoing description, the operation principles of the first dry gas seal assembly 8, the second dry gas seal assembly 18, the third dry gas seal assembly 19 and the fourth dry gas seal assembly 26 are substantially the same, and may be specifically selected according to actual needs in the art, and the first dry gas seal assembly 8, the second dry gas seal assembly 18, the third dry gas seal assembly 19 and the fourth dry gas seal assembly 26 are not limited herein.
The structures of hydrogen fuel cell systems according to four specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the hydrogen fuel cell system of the present embodiment includes a refrigeration system component, a turboexpander 5, a cooling water circuit component, and an air circuit component. The refrigeration system component comprises a centrifugal compressor 1, an air-cooled condenser 2, an expansion valve 3 and a water-cooled evaporator 4, a refrigerant is arranged in the refrigeration system component, the centrifugal compressor 1 comprises a compressor volute 101 and a compressor impeller 102, a turbine expander 5 is a hydrogen turbine expander and comprises an expander volute 501 and an expander impeller 502, the compressor volute 101 and the expander volute 501 are arranged back to back, and the compressor impeller 102 and the expander impeller 502 are connected through a connecting shaft 6. The air inlet of the turbo expander 5 is connected with the high-pressure hydrogen tank 37, the air outlet is connected with the hydrogen injection device 38 used for providing hydrogen for the battery module 39, cooling water is arranged in the cooling water loop assembly, the cooling water and the refrigerant can exchange heat in the water-cooling evaporator 4, the cooling water is used for cooling the battery module 39, and the air loop assembly is connected with the battery module 39 and used for providing air for the battery module 39. A bearing seat housing 7, a first dry gas seal assembly 8 and a first bearing assembly 9 are arranged between the expander volute 501 and the compressor volute 101, two ends of the bearing seat housing 7 are respectively connected to the compressor volute 101 and the expander volute 501, the connecting shaft 6 is located inside the bearing seat housing 7, the first dry gas seal assembly 8 is arranged in the bearing seat housing 7 and divides the bearing seat housing 7 into a refrigerant cavity and a hydrogen cavity, the number of the first bearing assemblies 9 is two, each first bearing assembly 9 is sleeved on the connecting shaft 6, and the two first bearing assemblies 9 are located on two sides of the first dry gas seal assembly 8. The first bearing assembly 9 comprises an air-thrust bearing and an air-thrust bearing, and the air-thrust bearing is disposed adjacent to the first dry gas seal assembly 8. The cooling water circuit assembly includes a water tank 30, a water pump 31, and a heater 32, and the water tank 30 is connected to the water-cooled evaporator 4. The air circuit assembly includes an air compressor 33, an air radiator 34, and a humidifier 35. The hydrogen recirculation device 36 is connected between the hydrogen inlet and the exhaust gas outlet of the cell module 39.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the structure of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, except for the structure connected between the expander scroll 501 and the compressor scroll 101. The compressor shaft portion 10, the expander shaft portion 11, the flexible coupling, the compressor bearing housing 13, the expander bearing housing 15 and the coupling housing 17 are included between the expander volute 501 and the compressor volute 101. The compressor shaft section 10 has one end connected to the compressor impeller 102 and the other end connected to one end of the flexible coupling, and the expander shaft section 11 has one end connected to the expander impeller 502 and the other end connected to the other end of the coupling 12. The compressor bearing seat shell 13 is sleeved on the compressor shaft part 10, a second bearing component 14 and a second dry gas sealing component 18 are arranged between the compressor bearing seat shell 13 and the compressor shaft part 10, the second dry gas sealing component 18 is arranged on one side, facing the coupler shell 17, of the compressor bearing seat shell 13, one end of the compressor bearing seat shell 13 is connected with the back of the compressor volute 101, and the other end of the compressor bearing seat shell is connected with the coupler shell 17. The second bearing assembly 14 comprises an air-thrust bearing and an air-thrust bearing, and the air-thrust bearing is disposed adjacent an end of the compressor shaft 10. The expander bearing seat housing 15 is sleeved on the expander shaft portion 11, and is provided with a third bearing assembly 16 and a third dry gas seal assembly 19 between the expander shaft portion 11, the third dry gas seal assembly 19 is arranged on one side of the expander bearing seat housing 15 facing the coupler housing 17, one end of the expander bearing seat housing 15 is connected with the back of the expander volute 501, the other end is connected with the coupler housing 17, the third bearing assembly 16 comprises an air-flotation radial bearing and an air-flotation thrust bearing, and the air-flotation thrust bearing is arranged close to the end of the expander shaft portion 11. In addition, in the present embodiment, the outlet of the centrifugal compressor 1 is provided with a first capillary tube 20 and a first pressure regulating valve 21 in parallel, the first pressure regulating valve 21 is connected to the dry gas inlet of the second dry gas sealing assembly 18, and the outlet of the second dry gas sealing assembly 18 is connected to the inlet of the centrifugal compressor 1 in parallel through a first control valve 22. The inlet of the turboexpander 5 is provided with a second capillary tube 23 and a second pressure regulating valve 24 in parallel, the second pressure regulating valve 24 is connected with the dry gas inlet of the third dry gas sealing assembly 19, and the outlet of the third dry gas sealing assembly 19 is connected with the outlet of the turboexpander 5 in parallel through a second control valve 25.
Example three:
as shown in fig. 5 to 6, the structure of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, except for the structure connected between the expander scroll 501 and the compressor scroll 101. The compressor shaft portion 10, the expander shaft portion 11, the electromagnetic coupling, the compressor bearing housing 13, the expander bearing housing 15 and the coupling housing 17 are included between the expander scroll 501 and the compressor scroll 101. The electromagnetic coupling includes a first magnetic part 121 and a second magnetic part 122. The compressor shaft portion 10 has one end connected to the compressor impeller 102 and the other end connected to the first magnetic portion 121, and the expander shaft portion 11 has one end connected to the expander impeller 502 and the other end connected to the second magnetic portion 122. The compressor bearing seat shell 13 is sleeved on the compressor shaft part 10, a second bearing assembly 14 and a fourth dry gas sealing assembly 26 are arranged between the compressor bearing seat shell 13 and the compressor shaft part 10, the second dry gas sealing assembly 18 is arranged on one side, facing the coupler shell 17, of the compressor bearing seat shell 13, one end of the compressor bearing seat shell 13 is connected with the back of the compressor volute 101, and the other end of the compressor bearing seat shell is connected with the coupler shell 17. The second bearing assembly 14 comprises an air-thrust bearing and an air-thrust bearing, and the air-thrust bearing is disposed adjacent an end of the compressor shaft 10. The expander bearing housing 15 is fitted over the expander shaft portion 11, and a third bearing assembly 16 is provided between the expander bearing housing and the expander shaft portion 11. One end of the expander bearing seat shell 15 is connected with the back of the expander volute 501, the other end of the expander bearing seat shell is connected with the coupling shell 17, the third bearing assembly 16 comprises an air-floatation radial bearing and an air-floatation thrust bearing, and the air-floatation thrust bearing is arranged close to the end part of the expander shaft part 11. In addition, in the present embodiment, the outlet of the centrifugal compressor 1 is provided with a third capillary 27 and a third pressure regulating valve 28 in parallel, the third pressure regulating valve 28 is connected to the dry gas inlet of the fourth dry gas seal assembly 26, and the outlet of the fourth dry gas seal assembly 26 is connected in parallel to the inlet of the centrifugal compressor 1 through a third control valve 29.
Example four:
as shown in fig. 7 to 8, the structure of the hydrogen fuel cell system of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, except for the structure connected between the expander volute 501 and the compressor volute 101. The compressor shaft part 10, the expander shaft part 11, the electromagnetic coupling, the compressor bearing seat housing 13, the expander bearing seat housing 15 and the connecting piece are arranged between the expander volute 501 and the compressor volute 101. The electromagnetic coupling includes a first magnetic part 121 and a second magnetic part 122. The compressor shaft portion 10 has one end connected to the compressor impeller 102 and the other end connected to the first magnetic portion 121, and the expander shaft portion 11 has one end connected to the expander impeller 502 and the other end connected to the second magnetic portion 122. The compressor bearing seat shell 13 is sleeved on the compressor shaft part 10, a second bearing assembly 14 is arranged between the compressor bearing seat shell 13 and the compressor shaft part 10, one end of the compressor bearing seat shell 13 is connected with the back of the compressor volute 101, and the other end of the compressor bearing seat shell is connected with the expander bearing seat shell 15 through a connecting piece. The second bearing assembly 14 comprises an air-thrust bearing and an air-thrust bearing, and the air-thrust bearing is disposed adjacent an end of the compressor shaft 10. The expander bearing housing 15 is fitted over the expander shaft portion 11, and a third bearing assembly 16 is provided between the expander bearing housing and the expander shaft portion 11. One end of the expander bearing seat shell 15 is connected with the back of the expander volute 501, the other end is connected with the compressor bearing seat shell 13 through a connecting piece, the third bearing assembly 16 comprises an air-floatation radial bearing and an air-floatation thrust bearing, and the air-floatation thrust bearing is arranged close to the end part of the expander shaft part 11.
Example five:
as shown in fig. 5 to 6, the hydrogen fuel cell system of the present embodiment has substantially the same structure as that of the first embodiment, except that the turbo-expander 5 is an air turbo-expander, and the air inlet is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the cell module 39, and the air outlet is communicated with the outside environment.
Reference throughout this specification to "some embodiments," "other embodiments," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments or examples is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention should not be limited by the description of the present invention, which should be interpreted as a limitation.

Claims (10)

1. A hydrogen fuel cell system, characterized by comprising:
the refrigeration system comprises a refrigeration system component, a compressor and a condenser, wherein the refrigeration system component comprises a centrifugal compressor (1), an air-cooled condenser (2), an expansion valve (3) and a water-cooled evaporator (4), and a working medium in the refrigeration system component is a refrigerant;
the centrifugal compressor is characterized by comprising a turbo expander (5), the turbo expander (5) and the centrifugal compressor (1) are coaxially arranged and can drive the centrifugal compressor (1) to rotate, an air inlet of the turbo expander (5) is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen tank (37), an air outlet of the turbo expander (5) is connected with a hydrogen injection device (38) for providing hydrogen for a battery module (39), or the air inlet of the turbo expander (5) is connected with a waste gas outlet of the battery module (39);
a cooling water circuit assembly, wherein the working medium in the cooling water circuit assembly is cooling water, the cooling water and the refrigerant can exchange heat in the evaporator (4), and the cooling water is used for cooling the battery module (39);
an air circuit assembly connected to the battery module (39) and used to provide high pressure air to the battery module (39).
2. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the centrifugal compressor (1) includes a compressor volute (101) and a compressor impeller (102), the turboexpander (5) includes an expander volute (501) and an expander impeller (502), the compressor volute (101) and the expander volute (501) are arranged back-to-back, and the compressor impeller (102) and the expander impeller (502) are connected by a connecting assembly.
3. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the connection assembly includes a connection shaft (6), the hydrogen fuel cell system further comprising:
the two ends of the bearing seat shell (7) are respectively connected to the compressor volute (101) and the expander volute (501), and the connecting shaft (6) is located inside the bearing seat shell (7);
the first dry gas sealing assembly (8), the first dry gas sealing assembly (8) is arranged in the bearing seat shell (7) and divides the bearing seat shell (7) into a refrigerant cavity and a hydrogen cavity;
the number of the first bearing assemblies (9) is two, each first bearing assembly (9) is installed on the connecting shaft (6), and the two first bearing assemblies (9) are located on two sides of the first dry gas sealing assembly (8).
4. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the connection assembly includes a compressor shaft portion (10), an expander shaft portion (11), and a coupling (12), one end of the compressor shaft portion (10) being connected to the compressor impeller (102) and the other end being connected to one end of the coupling (12), one end of the expander shaft portion (11) being connected to the expander impeller (502) and the other end being connected to the other end of the coupling (12).
5. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized by further comprising
The compressor bearing seat shell (13) is sleeved on the compressor shaft part (10), a second bearing assembly (14) is arranged between the compressor bearing seat shell (13) and the compressor shaft part (10), and one end of the compressor bearing seat shell (13) is connected to the back of the compressor volute (101);
the expansion machine bearing seat shell (15), the expansion machine bearing seat shell (15) is sleeved on the expansion machine shaft part (11), a third bearing assembly (16) is arranged between the expansion machine bearing seat shell and the expansion machine shaft part (11), and one end of the expansion machine bearing seat shell (15) is connected to the back of the expansion machine volute (501); wherein:
the other end of the compressor bearing seat shell (13) is connected with the other end of the expander bearing seat shell (15) through a connecting piece; or the other end of the compressor bearing seat shell (13) is connected with the other end of the expander bearing seat shell (15) through a coupling shell (17).
6. A hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that the coupling (12) is a flexible coupling which is entirely located inside the coupling housing (17);
a second dry gas sealing assembly (18) is arranged in the compressor bearing seat shell (13), and the second dry gas sealing assembly (18) is arranged on one side, facing the coupling shell (17), of the compressor bearing seat shell (13);
and a third dry gas sealing assembly (19) is arranged in the expander bearing seat shell (15), and the third dry gas sealing assembly (19) is arranged on one side, facing the coupler shell (17), of the expander bearing seat shell (15).
7. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein the outlet of the centrifugal compressor (1) is provided with a first capillary tube (20) and a first pressure regulating valve (21) in parallel, the first pressure regulating valve (21) is connected with the dry gas inlet of the second dry gas seal assembly (18), and the outlet of the second dry gas seal assembly (18) is connected with the inlet of the centrifugal compressor (1) in parallel through a first control valve (22);
the inlet of the turboexpander (5) is provided with a second capillary tube (23) and a second pressure regulating valve (24) in parallel, the second pressure regulating valve (24) is connected with the dry gas inlet of the third dry gas sealing assembly (19), and the outlet of the third dry gas sealing assembly (19) is connected with the outlet of the turboexpander (5) in parallel through a second control valve (25).
8. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the coupling (12) is an electromagnetic coupling, and the electromagnetic coupling includes a first magnetic portion (121) and a second magnetic portion (122) that are provided at an interval, the first magnetic portion (121) being connected to the compressor shaft portion (10), the second magnetic portion (122) being connected to the expander shaft portion (11); wherein:
the first magnetic part (121) is positioned in the coupling shell (17), a fourth dry gas sealing assembly (26) is arranged between the first magnetic part and the second bearing assembly (14), and the second magnetic part (122) is arranged in the expander bearing seat shell (15); or:
the first magnetic part (121) is located within the compressor bearing housing shell (13) and the second magnetic part (122) is located within the expander bearing housing shell (15).
9. A hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 8, characterized in that the outlet of the centrifugal compressor (1) is provided with a third capillary tube (27) and a third pressure regulating valve (28) in parallel, the third pressure regulating valve (28) is connected with the dry gas inlet of the fourth dry gas sealing assembly (26), and the outlet of the fourth dry gas sealing assembly (26) is connected with the inlet of the centrifugal compressor (1) in parallel through a third control valve (29).
10. A hydrogen fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the cooling water circuit assembly includes a water tank (30), a water pump (31), and a heater (32), the water tank (30) being connected to the evaporator (4);
the air circuit assembly comprises an air compressor (33), an air radiator (34) and a humidifying device (35);
the hydrogen fuel cell system further comprises a hydrogen gas recirculation device (36), and the hydrogen gas recirculation device (36) is connected between the hydrogen gas inlet and the waste gas outlet of the cell module (39).
CN202210676633.9A 2022-06-15 2022-06-15 Hydrogen fuel cell system Pending CN114937790A (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004168187A (en) * 2002-11-20 2004-06-17 Daikin Ind Ltd Air conditioning device for automobile
CN2742240Y (en) * 2004-09-09 2005-11-23 四川日机密封件有限公司 Double end dry air tight seal device
JP2007162491A (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-28 Ntn Corp Compression expansion turbine system
CN106089435A (en) * 2016-07-28 2016-11-09 中国核动力研究设计院 A kind of compressor system with supercritical carbon dioxide as working medium
CN107086319A (en) * 2017-05-18 2017-08-22 北京理工大学 Hydrogen cell automobile high-pressure hydrogen storing pressure tank energy retracting device
CN109774411A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-21 吴志新 A kind of electric automobile air conditioner refrigeration system and method based on high pressure hydrogen pressure release
CN110182104A (en) * 2019-05-05 2019-08-30 北京航空航天大学 A kind of fuel cell car auxiliary energy supplying system
CN112302723A (en) * 2019-07-29 2021-02-02 丰田自动车株式会社 Expander and fuel cell system

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004168187A (en) * 2002-11-20 2004-06-17 Daikin Ind Ltd Air conditioning device for automobile
CN2742240Y (en) * 2004-09-09 2005-11-23 四川日机密封件有限公司 Double end dry air tight seal device
JP2007162491A (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-28 Ntn Corp Compression expansion turbine system
CN106089435A (en) * 2016-07-28 2016-11-09 中国核动力研究设计院 A kind of compressor system with supercritical carbon dioxide as working medium
CN107086319A (en) * 2017-05-18 2017-08-22 北京理工大学 Hydrogen cell automobile high-pressure hydrogen storing pressure tank energy retracting device
CN109774411A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-21 吴志新 A kind of electric automobile air conditioner refrigeration system and method based on high pressure hydrogen pressure release
CN110182104A (en) * 2019-05-05 2019-08-30 北京航空航天大学 A kind of fuel cell car auxiliary energy supplying system
CN112302723A (en) * 2019-07-29 2021-02-02 丰田自动车株式会社 Expander and fuel cell system

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