CN114937744A - Perovskite solar cell that full gloss register for easy reference utilized - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a perovskite solar cell utilizing full spectrum. The triple prism is arranged above the conductive glass, the compact layer, the electron transmission layer, the perovskite layer and the carbon electrode are sequentially arranged below the conductive glass, sunlight irradiates on the conductive glass after being dispersed by the triple prism, the dispersed sunlight forms photoelectric conversion after passing through the compact layer and the electron transmission layer and passing through the perovskite layer, and current reaches the carbon electrode to obtain the perovskite solar cell. The sunlight is dispersed by the triple prism and then is irradiated on the conductive glass by ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light, and the electronic transmission layer is divided into a lower light conversion layer, a conventional layer and an upper light conversion layer which correspond to the ultraviolet light, the visible light and the infrared light in sequence. The invention simultaneously utilizes the rich energy level structure of the rare earth material to dope the rare earth material into the electron transport material, so that the electron transport layer has both charge transport capability and light conversion capability, the utilization rate of light can be effectively improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a perovskite solar cell utilizing full spectrum.
Background
A solar cell is a device that converts solar energy into electric energy using a photoelectric effect of a semiconductor material. Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material ABX 3 The material has good photoelectric properties such as proper forbidden band width (1.5-2.3 eV), large extinction coefficient, high charge mobility and the like, and attracts extensive attention of researchers. The efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is increased rapidly, the efficiency is improved from 3.8% to 25.2% in a few years, and the increase speed is far higher than that of other solar cells. The perovskite solar cell is low in preparation cost, and the preparation processes such as spin coating or printing are relatively simple. These advantages have all led to perovskite solar cells being a significant position in numerous photovoltaic technologies.
Photovoltaic conversion is highly wavelength dependent, with photon efficiencies approaching the band gap energy of solar cells being highest. Photons of energy below the band gap are not absorbed and pass through the active region of the cell and are eventually dissipated as heat to other parts of the cell. Photons of energies above the band gap can only be partially used, with the remaining energy being lost as heat or otherwise. In order to improve the utilization rate of sunlight, some researchers have developed a stacked device, and for a dual-junction stacked device, which includes a top cell with a wider band gap and a bottom cell with a narrower band gap, incident light enters the cell from the direction of the wide band gap cell, and first passes through the top cell to absorb high-energy photons, while long-wavelength light with lower energy penetrates through the top cell to reach the bottom cell, and is absorbed by the narrow band gap cell to generate a photovoltaic effect. However, the laminated device needs to consider the problems of current matching, transparent electrode selection, light absorption layer thickness and the like. The other method is to use a rare earth doped light conversion material, wherein the light conversion material is divided into an up-conversion material and a down-conversion material, and the up-conversion luminescent material is a luminescent material which converts two or more low-energy photons into one high-energy photon; a down-converting luminescent material is a luminescent material that converts one high energy photon into two or more low energy photons. The light which cannot be well absorbed by the solar cell is converted into the light which can be well absorbed by the solar cell through the light conversion material, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved. Therefore, a solar cell utilizing full spectrum can be designed by combining the characteristics of the laminated solar cell based on spectrum splitting and the light conversion material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell by utilizing a full spectrum, and the solar cell prepared by the method can effectively improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. By combining the spectrum splitting performance of the triple prism, the split ultraviolet light and infrared light can be effectively converted into visible light which can be absorbed by the perovskite material by using different light conversion materials in different areas of an electron transmission layer in the perovskite solar cell, and the purpose of utilizing solar energy by the perovskite cell in a full spectrum manner is achieved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a perovskite solar cell utilizing full spectrum is characterized in that a prism is arranged above conductive glass, a compact layer, an electron transmission layer, a perovskite layer and a carbon electrode are sequentially arranged below the conductive glass, sunlight irradiates the conductive glass after being dispersed by the prism, the dispersed sunlight forms photoelectric conversion after passing through the compact layer and the electron transmission layer and passing through the perovskite layer, and current reaches the carbon electrode to obtain the perovskite solar cell.
Preferably, in the perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum, sunlight is dispersed by the triple prism to be ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light and then irradiates on the conductive glass, and the electron transmission layer is divided into a lower light conversion layer, a conventional layer and an upper light conversion layer which correspond to the ultraviolet light, the visible light and the infrared light in sequence.
Preferably, the perovskite solar cell utilizing full spectrum is characterized in that: the conductive glass is obtained by ultrasonic washing after being etched by hydrochloric acid and zinc powder.
Preferably, a full spectrum utilization perovskite solar cell as described above, characterized in that: the preparation method of the compact layer comprises the following steps: and preparing the diisopropoxyl diacetone titanium and n-butanol into dense layer spin-coating liquid, spin-coating the dense layer spin-coating liquid on the conductive glass, drying, and calcining the conductive glass to obtain the dense layer.
Preferably, the perovskite solar cell utilizing full spectrum is characterized in that: the calcination is carried out at 400-500 ℃ for 30-60 min.
Preferably, a full spectrum utilization perovskite solar cell as described above, characterized in that: the preparation method of the down light conversion layer in the electron transport layer comprises the following steps: mixing ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate to obtain solution A, and mixing Yb 2 O 3 And Er 2 O 3 Dissolving in complete nitric acid, and adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution B; and slowly dripping the solution B into the solution A under stirring to obtain a precursor solution, carrying out spin coating on a dry glass sheet, and drying to obtain a light conversion layer.
Preferably, a full spectrum utilization perovskite solar cell as described above, characterized in that: the preparation method of the conventional layer comprises the following steps: mixing ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate to obtain a light yellow solution C, mixing absolute ethanol, deionized water and nitric acid to obtain a clear solution D, slowly dropwise adding the solution D into the solution C under stirring to obtain a precursor solution, carrying out spin coating on a dried glass sheet, and drying to obtain a conventional layer.
Preferably, a full spectrum utilization perovskite solar cell as described above, characterized in that: the preparation method of the upper photoelectric conversion layer comprises the following steps: mixing ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate uniformly to obtain a light yellow solution E, and taking Yb 2 O 3 And Er 2 O 3 Adding nitric acid, stirring and heating until the nitric acid is completely dissolved, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol under the stirring condition to obtain a solution F, slowly dropwise adding the solution F into the solution E under the stirring condition to obtain a precursor solution, carrying out spin coating on a dried glass sheet, drying to obtain an upper light conversion layer, and annealing the electron transport layer at high temperature.
Preferably, the perovskite solar cell utilizing full spectrum is characterized in that: the preparation method of the perovskite layer comprises the following steps:
1) will PbI 2 Heating the solution to 60-80 ℃, heating the electron transport layer to 90-100 ℃, and heating PbI 2 Spin coating the solution on the electron transport layer, and drying;
2) get CH 3 NH 3 And (3) spin-coating the solution I on the film obtained in the step 1), drying, carrying out three cycles in total, and annealing to obtain a perovskite layer.
Preferably, a full spectrum utilization perovskite solar cell as described above, characterized in that: the preparation method of the carbon electrode comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly coating the oily carbon slurry on the surface of the perovskite layer, and drying to obtain the carbon electrode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the perovskite solar cell prepared in the invention, different parts of the electron transmission layer have different light conversion effects, and ultraviolet light and infrared light scattered by the triple prism can be well converted into visible light respectively. The prism disperses the solar light into light with different wavelengths, and the light with different wave bands is converted into specific wavelength by the light conversion material to be absorbed by the solar cell with a specific band gap, so that a plurality of solar cells with different band gaps are not used for absorbing different light, and the manufacture of the device is simplified. Meanwhile, the rare earth material is doped into the electron transport material by utilizing the rich energy level structure of the rare earth material, so that the electron transport layer has both charge transport capability and light conversion capability, the utilization rate of light can be effectively improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern of the light conversion material.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the ultraviolet-visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum (DRS) of a light-converting material.
Fig. 3 is a Photoluminescence (PL) graph of a down conversion material.
Fig. 4 is a Photoluminescence (PL) graph of an upconversion material.
Fig. 5 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of different electron transport layers.
Fig. 6 is a voltage-current density test plot for a perovskite solar cell of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a full spectrum solar cell utilizing perovskite.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a possible embodiment of the inventive solution after large area application.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and the embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1 rare-earth doped TiO 2 As both electron transport layer and light conversion layer
(I) preparation method
1. Preparation of a film for a Down-conversion coating
4.6mL of ethanol, followed by 2.8mL of tetrabutyltitanate, were added to a 50mL beaker to form a pale yellow solution A. Weighing 50.8mg Yb 2 O 3 And 16.4mg Er 2 O 3 In a 25mL beaker, 0.064mL nitric acid was slowly added to the beaker and heated with magnetic stirring until completely dissolved. After dissolution was complete, 0.5mL of deionized water, 2.3mL of absolute ethanol were added sequentially with magnetic stirring to form solution B. And slowly dripping the solution B into the solution A by using a dropper under the magnetic stirring to obtain a precursor solution. The rotating speed of the spin-coating precursor is 3000r/min, the spin-coating time is 20s, the place which does not need spin-coating is protected by an adhesive tape during spin-coating, and the spin-coated glass sheet is placed on a 120 ℃ heating table to be dried for 10 min. The dried electron transport layer was placed in a muffle furnace and annealed at 500 ℃ for 60 min.
2. Preparation of Up-converting layer film
4.6mL of ethanol, followed by 2.8mL of tetrabutyltitanate, were added to a 50mL beaker to form a pale yellow solution E. Weighing 90.3mg Yb 2 O 3 And 87.6mg Er 2 O 3 In a 25mL beaker, slowly add 0.171mL nitric acid to the beaker, add under magnetic stirringHeated to complete dissolution. After dissolution was complete, 0.5mL of deionized water, 2.3mL of absolute ethanol were added sequentially with magnetic stirring to form solution F. And slowly dripping the solution F into the solution E by using a dropper under the magnetic stirring to obtain a precursor solution. Spin coating is carried out on the dried glass sheet, the rotating speed of the spin coating precursor solution is 3000r/min, the spin coating time is 20s, the position which does not need spin coating is protected by an adhesive tape during spin coating, and the spin-coated glass sheet is placed on a 120 ℃ heating table to be dried for 10 min. The dried electron transport layer was placed in a muffle furnace and annealed at 500 ℃ for 60 min.
(II) detection
1. FIG. 1 is an X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern of a light-converting material
The TiO prepared as shown in FIG. 1 2 TiO with main diffraction peak of Er, Yb light conversion film 2 The (101), (004), (200), (105) and (211) planes of (a) correspond to 2 θ of 25.38 °, 38.04 °, 48.10 °, 54.12 ° and 55.22 °, respectively. No impurity peak of the erbium ytterbium compound was observed in the XRD spectrum of the doped film, indicating that the erbium ytterbium compound was not present in the form of crystal. As can be seen from the figure, the XRD peak of the upconversion material doped with more rare earth elements than that of the downconversion material is lower and wider, indicating that TiO 2 The crystallinity of the titanium dioxide is reduced, and the crystal grains become small because erbium ions and ytterbium ions are doped into the crystal lattices of the titanium dioxide, so that the crystal lattice structure of the titanium dioxide is damaged, and the rare earth elements are successfully doped into the internal structure of the titanium dioxide.
2. FIG. 2 is a graph of the ultraviolet-visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum (DRS) of a light-converting material
TiO of the upper, lower and conventional layers, as shown in FIG. 2 2 The absorption edges are all around 400nm, due to charge transfer TiO 2 To the conduction band. The doping of rare earth ions enables the absorption edge to be blue-shifted, and the characteristic absorption of erbium ions and ytterbium ions is also available in a visible light region. The blue shift of the absorption edge can enable the titanium dioxide to absorb ultraviolet light in a concentrated mode, the solar light transmittance is improved, and the absorption layer of the battery absorbs more sunlight.
3. FIG. 3 is a Photoluminescence (PL) graph of a down conversion material
Excited by ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 250nm, and testedThe photoluminescence performance of the down-converting material was shown in fig. 3. The emission peak at 400nm is anatase TiO 2 The characteristic broad emission band, and emission peaks are observed at 525nm, 550nm and 655nm, which shows that the down-conversion light film can absorb ultraviolet light and convert the ultraviolet light into visible light. A possible procedure is described below, when the down-converting optical film is excited by light of a wavelength of 250nm, the emission peaks at 550nm and 525nm correspond to those at 250nm, respectively 4 S 3/2 - 4 I 15/2 And 2 H 11/2 - 4 I 15/2 transition of (2), 655nm emission peak corresponds to 4 F 9/2 - 4 I 15/2 And (4) transition.
4. FIG. 4 is a Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of an upconversion material
The photoluminescence performance of the up-conversion material was tested by excitation with infrared light having a wavelength of 980nm, and the result is shown in fig. 4. And the emission peaks at 525nm, 550nm and 655nm show that the upconversion film can absorb infrared light and convert the infrared light into visible light. A possible procedure is as follows, when the down-converting optical film is excited by light of a wavelength of 250nm, the emission peaks at 550nm and 525nm correspond to those at 250nm, respectively 4 S 3/2 - 4 I 15/2 And 2 H 11/2 - 4 I 15/2 transition of (3), 655nm emission peak corresponds to 4 F 9/2 - 4 I 15/2 And (4) transition.
5. FIG. 5 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of different electron transport layers
The morphology of the film was studied by SEM testing and the results are shown in figure 5. FIG. a is a down-converting film, FIG. b is a conventional undoped film, and FIG. c is an up-converting film. As can be seen from the figure, the shapes of the three titanium dioxide films are not obviously different, and TiO 2 The nano particles are uniformly distributed, and the particle size is about 30-40nm, which shows that the prepared light conversion film can be used as a light conversion layer and an electron transmission layer at the same time.
Example 2 full spectrum utilization of perovskite solar cells
Preparation method
1. Etching and cleaning of conductive glass
Etching a section of conductive film with the width of 0.5cm of the FTO conductive glass by using hydrochloric acid and zinc powder, and then putting the FTO conductive glass on a cleaning frame to be sequentially subjected to ultrasonic cleaning on an ultrasonic cleaning instrument by using deionized water, acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol.
2. Preparation of the dense layer
Adding diisopropoxy-diacetone titanium and n-butanol according to the proportion of 1: and (3) preparing a dense layer spin-coating liquid according to the volume ratio of 16, spin-coating the spin-coating liquid on the conductive glass at the speed of 2000r/min, fully drying, placing the conductive glass in a muffle furnace, and annealing at 500 ℃ for 60min to obtain the dense layer.
3. Preparation of the Electron transport layer
Spin coating of portions of the light-converting layer: 4.6mL of ethanol, followed by 2.8mL of tetrabutyltitanate, were added to a 50mL beaker to form a pale yellow solution A. Weighing 50.8mg Yb 2 O 3 And 16.4mg Er 2 O 3 In a 25mL beaker, 0.064mL nitric acid was slowly added to the beaker and heated with magnetic stirring until completely dissolved. After dissolution was complete, 0.5mL of deionized water, 2.3mL of absolute ethanol were added sequentially with magnetic stirring to form solution B. And slowly dripping the solution B into the solution A by using a dropper under the magnetic stirring to obtain a precursor solution. Spin coating is carried out on the dried glass sheet, the rotating speed of a spin coating precursor is 3000r/min, the spin coating time is 20s, the position which does not need spin coating is protected by an adhesive tape during spin coating, and the spin-coated glass sheet is placed on a 120 ℃ heating table to be dried for 10 min.
Spin coating of conventional layer section: 4.6mL of ethanol, followed by 2.8mL of tetrabutyltitanate, were added to a 50mL beaker to form a pale yellow solution C. 2.3mL of absolute ethanol, 0.5mL of deionized water, and 5 drops of nitric acid were added to a 25mL beaker and mixed with magnetic stirring to form clear solution D. And slowly dripping the solution D into the solution C by using a dropper under the magnetic stirring to obtain a precursor solution. Spin coating is carried out on the dried glass sheet, the rotating speed of the spin coating precursor solution is 3000r/min, the spin coating time is 20s, the position which does not need spin coating is protected by an adhesive tape during spin coating, and the spin-coated glass sheet is placed on a 120 ℃ heating table to be dried for 10 min.
Spin coating of part of the upconversion layer: 4.6mL of ethanol, followed by 2.8mL of tetrabutyltitanate, were added to a 50mL beaker to form a pale yellow solution E. Weighing 90.3mg Yb 2 O 3 And 87.6mg Er 2 O 3 In a 25mL beaker, 0.171mL of nitric acid was slowly added to the beaker and heated with magnetic stirring until completely dissolved. After dissolution was complete, 0.5mL of deionized water, 2.3mL of absolute ethanol were added sequentially with magnetic stirring to form solution F. And slowly dripping the solution F into the solution E by using a dropper under the magnetic stirring to obtain a precursor solution. Spin coating is carried out on the dried glass sheet, the rotating speed of the spin coating precursor solution is 3000r/min, the spin coating time is 20s, the position which does not need spin coating is protected by an adhesive tape during spin coating, and the spin-coated glass sheet is placed on a 120 ℃ heating table to be dried for 10 min.
And (3) placing the dried electron transmission layer into a muffle furnace, and annealing for 30-60 min at 400-500 ℃.
4. Preparation of perovskite layer
The preparation method of the perovskite layer is a two-step spin coating method. The first step is as follows: PbI with concentration of 0.1mol/L 2 Heating the solution to 80 deg.C, placing the conductive glass coated with electron transport layer on a heating plate, heating to 100 deg.C, and taking 0.1mL PbI with a dropper 2 Uniformly coating the solution on an electron transport layer, and spin-coating PbI 2 The rotating speed of the solution is 5500r/min, the spin coating is carried out for 30s, and after the spin coating is finished, the lead iodide film is dried in an oven at the temperature of 75 ℃ for 30 min. The second step is that: 0.3mL of CH with a concentration of 10mg/mL 3 NH 3 Solution I from PbI 2 Dropping the center of the film and spin-coating CH 3 NH 3 And (3) carrying out spin coating for 30s at a rotating speed of 3000r/min for the solution I, placing the solution I on a heating table for 1-2 min after the spin coating is finished, carrying out secondary coating, carrying out three cycles in the same process, and finally annealing the film subjected to spin coating in an oven at 120 ℃ for 20 min.
5. Carbon counter electrode knife coating
The carbon slurry is oily carbon slurry, a small amount of carbon slurry is scraped by a clean glass rod and uniformly coated on the surface of the perovskite layer, and the coated glass substrate is baked on a heating plate at 120 ℃ for 10 min.
Comparative example 1 conventional carbon electrode perovskite solar cell
The comparative example cell was prepared in part according to the same method as in example 2, except that the electron transport layers were all undoped titanium dioxide as electron transport layers, and the other parts were prepared exactly according to example 2.
Fig. 6 is a graph of a voltage-current density test of the perovskite solar cell of the present invention, which controls the intensity and area of light irradiated to the surface of the solar cell to be the same for example 2 and comparative example 1. As can be seen from the graph, the photocurrent density of example 2 was from 13.95mA/cm in comparison with that of comparative example 1 2 Increased to 15.00mA/cm 2 The photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved from 5.26% to 5.96% and improved by 13.3%. The solar light is split into light with different wave bands after passing through the triangular prism, and then the light is absorbed and converted into visible light by different light conversion agents and absorbed by the light absorption layer of the cell, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell can be effectively improved.
A specific working principle diagram is shown in fig. 7, wherein a beam of sunlight is dispersed into infrared light by a prism, and the infrared light and the visible light and the ultraviolet light penetrate through the dense layer 3 and irradiate the composite electron transport layer 4. The upconversion layer 4.1 is then illuminated by the infrared light, an upconversion process is performed, and the upconversion section converts the absorbed infrared light into visible light. Visible light is transmitted directly through the conventional layer 4.2. The ultraviolet light irradiates the sub-luminescent layer 4.3 of the channel to perform a down-conversion process, and the down-conversion part converts the absorbed ultraviolet light into visible light. Finally, all visible light irradiates the perovskite light absorption layer 5 to be absorbed by the perovskite light absorption layer, the generated photo-generated electrons and holes are respectively transferred to the FTO electrode 2 and the carbon electrode 6, and finally, the electrons and the holes are recombined in an external circuit to generate current. The use of the triple prism in combination with the light conversion material effectively widens the light absorption range of the perovskite solar cell. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a possible embodiment of the inventive solution after large area application.
Claims (10)
1. A full spectrum utilization perovskite solar cell, characterized by: the triple prism (1) is arranged above the conductive glass (2), the dense layer (3), the electronic transmission layer (4), the perovskite layer (5) and the carbon electrode (6) are sequentially arranged below the conductive glass (2), sunlight irradiates the conductive glass (2) after being dispersed through the triple prism (1), the dispersed sunlight forms photoelectric conversion after passing through the dense layer (3) and the electronic transmission layer (4) and passing through the perovskite layer (5), and current reaches the carbon electrode (6) to obtain the perovskite solar cell.
2. The full spectrum perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein: the sunlight is dispersed by the prism (1) and then is irradiated on the conductive glass (2) by ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light, and the electronic transmission layer (4) is divided into a lower light-transmitting layer (4.1), a conventional layer (4.2) and an upper light-transmitting layer (4.3) which correspond to the ultraviolet light, the visible light and the infrared light in sequence.
3. The full spectrum perovskite solar cell of claim 2, wherein: the conductive glass (2) is obtained by ultrasonic washing after being etched by hydrochloric acid and zinc powder.
4. The full spectrum utilization perovskite solar cell of claim 3, wherein: the method for producing the dense layer (3) comprises the following steps: and preparing the diisopropoxy diacetone titanium and n-butanol into dense layer spin-coating liquid, spin-coating the dense layer spin-coating liquid on the conductive glass (2), drying, and calcining the conductive glass (2) to obtain the dense layer (3).
5. The full spectrum perovskite solar cell of claim 4, wherein: the calcination is carried out at 400-500 ℃ for 30-60 min.
6. The full spectrum perovskite solar cell of claim 5, wherein: the preparation method of the down light conversion layer (4.1) in the electron transport layer comprises the following steps: mixing ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate to obtain solution A, and mixing Yb 2 O 3 And Er 2 O 3 Dissolving in complete nitric acid, and adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution B; and slowly dripping the solution B into the solution A under stirring to obtain a precursor solution, carrying out spin coating on a dried glass sheet, drying, and annealing to obtain a light conversion layer (4.1).
7. The full spectrum perovskite solar cell of claim 6, wherein: the method for producing the conventional layer (4.2) comprises the following steps: mixing ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate to obtain a light yellow solution C, mixing absolute ethanol, deionized water and nitric acid to obtain a clear solution D, slowly dropwise adding the solution D into the solution C under stirring to obtain a precursor solution, carrying out spin coating on a dried glass sheet, and drying to obtain a conventional layer (4.2).
8. The full spectrum utilization perovskite solar cell of claim 7, wherein: the preparation method of the up-conversion layer (4.3) comprises the following steps: mixing ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate uniformly to obtain light yellow solution E, and taking Yb 2 O 3 And Er 2 O 3 Adding nitric acid, stirring and heating until the nitric acid is completely dissolved, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol under the stirring condition to obtain a solution F, slowly dropwise adding the solution F into the solution E under the stirring condition to obtain a precursor solution, carrying out spin coating on a dried glass sheet, drying to obtain an upper light conversion layer (4.3), and annealing the electron transport layer (4) at high temperature.
9. The full spectrum perovskite solar cell of claim 8, wherein: the preparation method of the perovskite layer (5) comprises the following steps:
1) will PbI 2 Heating the solution to 60-80 ℃, heating the electron transport layer (4) to 90-100 ℃, and heating PbI 2 The solution is coated on the electron transmission layer (4) in a spinning mode and dried;
2) get CH 3 NH 3 And (3) spin-coating the solution I on the film obtained in the step 1), drying, carrying out three cycles in total, and annealing to obtain a perovskite layer (5).
10. The full spectrum perovskite solar cell of claim 9, wherein: the preparation method of the carbon electrode (6) comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly coating the oily carbon slurry on the surface of the perovskite layer (5), and drying to obtain the carbon electrode (6).
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