CN1149353C - Generating system for small turbomachine - Google Patents

Generating system for small turbomachine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1149353C
CN1149353C CNB991095332A CN99109533A CN1149353C CN 1149353 C CN1149353 C CN 1149353C CN B991095332 A CNB991095332 A CN B991095332A CN 99109533 A CN99109533 A CN 99109533A CN 1149353 C CN1149353 C CN 1149353C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rotor
turbine
power generation
generation system
joining shaft
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB991095332A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1277343A (en
Inventor
R・尼姆斯
R·尼姆斯
祭锒
P·奥布里恩
T·埃默森
J·登克
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Honeywell International Inc
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AlliedSignal Inc
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Publication of CN1277343A publication Critical patent/CN1277343A/en
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a small-sized turbine power generation system (10) which comprises a power generator (16), a turbine (14) and an air compressor (12) arranged between the turbine (14) and the power generator (16), wherein the turbine (14), the air compressor (12) and the power generator (16) are fixed together by a coupling spindle (75) which has prestressing force, and thereby, the contact surfaces among the turbine (14), the power generator (16) and the air compressor (12) contact when the system operates at a high speed and high temperature.

Description

Generating system for small turbomachine
The present invention relates generally to generating system for small turbomachine, but the particularly power generating equipment of sub-module formula distribution.
EPRI-Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is the unit of domestic utilization of power of studying for a long period of time, and its prediction all had distribution formula generator by 2006 up to 40% new power generating equipment.A lot of places in the world, the shortage of power infrastructures (transmission and distributed lines) will promote the commercialization of distribution formula generation technology greatly, this is that not only every kilowatt of generating expense is higher because of center power plant, but also must dispose expensive Infrastructure the electricity that sends is flowed to the user.
But small turbomachine power generating equipment little, pluralities of fuel, sub-module formula distribution can be alleviated a lot of in the world local electrical networks that all exist situation of " voltage reduction " and " blackout " in the afternoon.Simple and independent design of moving notion makes maintenance service with low content of technology, and low overall cost makes it market widely be arranged some shortage of funding areas in the world.Than outside, focus on that according to the U.S. electric power is in charge of the trend in this respect with the world, electricity consumer not only has the right to select the appropriate method of electrical power services, also can effectively select new cost cost mode.Transfer assignee's of the present invention U. S. Patent 4754607, disclose a kind of generating system for small turbomachine that utilizes waste-heat power generation that is applicable to.
In order to make this equipment, must be improved its some aspect, for example: improve fuel efficiency, reduce size and weight, reduce thermal property, noise, maintenance and cost commercial attraction Consumer.
The present invention can think that one comprises generator and the generating system for small turbomachine of the turbo machine that rotates around single shaft.The thermal expansion gas that burning produces is by turbine expansion, and like this, the turbine function that turbo machine produces is to drive generator.Generating system for small turbomachine also comprises the single shaft that connects turbo machine and generator with prestressing, so that allow generator coordinate mutually with the rotation of turbo machine, thereby generates electricity with the mechanical energy of turbo machine output.
The generating of system is very flexible, and the frequency conversion rate Ac rectifiable of generator output becomes direct current.Direct current is changed into the Ac of selected frequency again by transducer.
Fig. 1 is the skeleton diagram of power generation system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of the core-engine of power generation system.
Fig. 1 shows power generation system 10 of the present invention.Power generation system 10 comprises gas compressor 12, turbo machine 14 and generator 16.Generator 16 is contained on the gas compressor 12 with cantilevered fashion.Gas compressor 12, turbine 14 and generator 16 can be around single shaft 18 rotations.Though gas compressor 2, turbine 14 and generator 16 can be contained on the axle that separates, and make gas compressor 12, turbine 14 and generator 16 can improve the compactedness and the reliability of power generation system 10 around single common shaft 18 rotations.
Axle 18 can be by automatic pressurized air bearings supporting, as foil bearing (foil bearing).As shown in Figure 2, axle 18 is by axle journal foil bearing 76 and 78 and thrust foil bearing 80 supporting.Foil bearing has been cancelled the required lubrication system of separable bearing, and maintenance work is reduced.
The air that is entered by the inlet of gas compressor 12 is compressed, and the pressurized air that is come out by the outlet of gas compressor 12 flows through the cold flow passage 20 of the cold side of partition recuperator 22.In recuperator 22, pressurized air absorbs heat, and this has strengthened burning.Supply with firing chamber 24 by the hot compressed air that the cold side of recuperator 22 is come out.
Fuel is also supplied with firing chamber 24.Gaseous fuel and liquid fuel all can use.When using gaseous fuel, any suitable gaseous fuel all can.Available fuel comprises diesel oil, original gas fuel (flairgas), waste gas, gasoline, naphtha, propane, JP-8, methane, rock gas and other artificial gass.
Flow fuel is by flow control valve 26 controls, and fuel injects firing chamber 24 by nozzle 28.
In firing chamber 24, fuel and pressurized air mix, and are lighted by igniter 27 and to carry out exothermic reaction.In a preferred embodiment, firing chamber 24 includes catalyzer suitable, that the High Temperature High Pressure fuel air mixture is burnt under operating conditions.Some known catalyzer that are used for firing chamber 24 comprise platinum, palladium and have active nickel and the metal oxide catalyst of cobalt element.
After the burning, the high temperature expansion combustion gas that burning produces imports the inlet 30 of turbine 14.Inlet 30 has fixing geometrical shape.The high temperature expansion combustion gas that burning produces is expanded in turbine 14, thereby produces the turbine merit.The turbine merit is drive pressure mechanism of qi 12 and generator 16 successively.
Turbine is discharged the heat passage 32 that gas stream is crossed the hot side of recuperator 22.In recuperator 22, heat is passed in the pressurized air of cold side by the turbine exhaust of hot side.Like this, recyclable partial combustion heat, and flow to the compressed-air actuated temperature of firing chamber 24 in order to rising.After having reclaimed the part heat, recuperator 22 is discharged in combustion gas.Also can increase extra heat recovery step in the power generation system 10.
Generator 16 can be go in ring to twine, the two poles of the earth are anodontia (TPTL) brush-less permanent magnetic iron machine, it comprises permanent magnet rotary 34 and staor winding 36.The turbine merit that rotary turbine 14 produces makes rotor 34 rotate.Rotor 34 is connected on the axle 18, and when the turbine merit made rotor 34 rotations, staor winding 36 inductions generated alternating current (a.c.).The rotating speed of turbine 34 can change according to the external energy demand in the system 10.The ac frequency that the secondary speed that changes will make generator 16 generate changes (being uncontrolled frequency).No matter the ac frequency that generator 16 produces how, Ac can be rectified into direct current by rectifier 38.And then transform the Ac that generates fixed frequencies by solid-state electronic transducer 40.Therefore, when the institute energy requirement reduced, secondary speed can reduce and not influence the Ac output frequency.
When in addition, secondary speed reduces because the gas compressor rotating speed reduces, air mass flow reduces.Therefore turbine-entry temperature remains unchanged substantially, and high efficiency is also arranged when partial load like this.
Utilizing rectifier 38 and transducer 40 to make has very big flexibility when determining the electricity consumption service that power generation system of the present invention is provided.Because any transducer 40 all can be selected, so the frequency of Ac can be selected by the Consumer.If directly use the uncontrolled Ac of frequency, rectifier 38 and transducer 40 also can save.
Power generation system 10 also can comprise storage battery 46, so that additional storage and standby electric energy to be provided.Unite when using when battery and transducer 40, can after generator is out of order, provide a few hours continual electric energy.In addition, controller can make battery 46 that load is provided when required load increases.The size of storage battery 46 should be able to be dealt with the required peak load of system 10.
When power generation system 10 work, owing to be in the non-high efficiency point of generator designs, generator 16 produces heat.In order to prolong the life-span of generator 16, also in order to collect useful heat energy, the compressor inlet air flows through generator 16 and absorb remaining heat from generator 16.Rectifier 38 and transducer 40 also can place air-flow.After air absorbs heat from aforementioned thermal source, compression in gas compressor 12, preheating in recuperator 22 again.
Controller 42 is controlled secondary speed by the fuel quantity that control flows in the firing chamber 24.The transducing signal that controller 42 utilizes sensor groups 44 to produce is determined the demand of outer bound pair power generation system 10.The sensor that sensor groups 44 comprises is as position transducer, the temperature and pressure sensor of various operating temperatures and pressure in turbine speed sensor and the measuring system 10.By sensor as aforementioned, the optimum performance parameters when controller 42 control startings and steady operation.Controller 42 also determines the direct current deposit situation in the battery 46, and adjustment work running is to keep mains supply, and electrical network consumes situation, and keeps battery electric quantity constant.
Switch/starter control 48 can disengage brake with starting-generating system 10.Can make gas compressor 12 begin rotation as motor in generator 16.In starting process, switch/starter control 48 staor winding 36 to generator 16 provide exciting current.Starting power is provided by battery 46.In another selection scheme, with compressed air plant starting-generating system 10.
" engine core " gas compressor 12 that Figure 2 shows that power generation system 10 comprises porose impeller 52, gas compressor volute 54 and diffuser passage 56.The air that enters air inlet 58 is filtered by air filter 59, and introduces gas compressor volute 54.The air that flows out gas compressor volute 54 is introduced recuperator 22.
Turbine 14 comprises turbine volute 60, a plurality of fixed nozzle blades 62 and atresia turbine 64.The thermal expansion combustion gas of being come out by firing chamber 24 enters turbine volute 60, by nozzle vane 62 turbine 64 is introduced in the thermal expansion combustion gas again.The combustion gas that turbine 14 is discharged is left turbine 14 by exhaust diffuser 66, can reduce turbine exhaust gas temperature and noise like this.
The rotor 34 of generator 16 comprises the magnet of being made by rare earth material (as samarium, cobalt) 68.The containing sleeve 70 that magnet 68 is made by nonmagnetic substance (as inconel 718) surrounds.Staor winding 36 is contained in the generator housing 73.Rotor 34 porose and selected with the contacted containing sleeve of hole surface (not shown).Electric lead wiring terminal 74 is drawn and ended in to electric lead 72 by staor winding 36, and wiring terminal is fixed on the pedestal 79.Pedestal 79 supporting fuels inlet, air inlet 58, gas compressor 12, turbine 14, generator 16, recuperator 22, firing chamber 24, rectifier 38 and transducer 40 make system 10 can become compact combined equipment.
As shown in Figure 2, single shaft 18 is as joining shaft 75, and it stretches out from the hole of rotor 34 and compressor impeller 52.Joining shaft 75 is very thin, and diameter is approximately 0.25 inch to 0.5 inch.The hole is gapped, can allow joining shaft 75 stretch out from rotor 34 and impeller 52.But, joining shaft 75 can not stretch out from turbine 64.But joining shaft 75 is fixed on the turbine 64.Joining shaft 75 can weld the center that (inertiaweld) is connected in the turbine disk by inert gas.Like this, turbine 64 is atresias, the hole that joining shaft 75 is stretched out.There is not the hole can reduce the stress of turbine 64.
Be associated in a time-out by joining shaft 75 clampings, compressor impeller 52, turbine 64 and rotor 34 become single parts and rotate together.Yet under high operating temperature and rotational speed, impeller 52, turbine 64 and rotor 34 have expansion and separated trend, and their surface of contact trends towards not contacting.The deflection of joining shaft 75 when work also makes surface of contact trend towards separating.For keeping impeller 52, the surface of contact of turbine 64 and rotor 34 being in contact with one another when high rotating speed (more than 80000 rev/mins) is to joining shaft 75 preloads.For example, the joining shaft of being made by inconel 718 75 can add the prestressing force of about 90% yield strength.In assembly process, to joining shaft 75 preloads, impeller 52 and rotor 34 slide on joining shaft 75, and nut 77 is fixed on the threaded end of joining shaft 75.Being screwed into nut 77 makes the stress of joining shaft 75 be maintained.
Revolving part 52,64,34 and 75 diametrically by the axle journal foil bearing 76 and 78 supportings in inboard and the outside, revolving part 52,64,34 and 75 are supported by thrust foil bearing 80 in the axial direction.
Engine core 50 has a plurality of cooling hole, and its mesopore 82 and 84 is in order to flow into freezing mixture in staor winding 40. Hole 86 and 88 is in order to flow into freezing mixture in foil bearing 76,78 and 80.
Power generation system 10 can be made several primary clusterings, as swivel assembly, and heat-exchanging component, combustion-chamber assembly and electrical assembly.Each assembly is all low weight and compact.Assembly can be reset and be destroyed liquid line together and not.Use foil bearing 76,78 and 80 not need the oil base lubrication system, so the maintenance work of power generation system 10 reduce.Periodic maintenance mainly is to change igniter 27, the catalyst in filter 59 and the firing chamber 24.
Power generation system 10 is with traditional Bretton backheat circulation (Brayton cycle) form work.Brayton cycle can be in lower pressure ratio (for example 3.8) work and make the overall efficiency maximum down.Because in the backheat circulation, pressure ratio is low more, turbine exhaust gas temperature is more near inlet temperature.According to the Kano law, this can make heat join in the work cycle when high temperature and the entropy of minimizing when the work cycle heat supply decreases.The result of such high temperature heating is the efficient that has increased whole work cycle.
Following numerical value is an example.Air is compressed to 3.8 crust by the first-stage centrifugal gas compressor.Pressurized air imports recuperator 22, and the used heat with turbine exhaust improves compressed-air actuated temperature in recuperator.In order to be beneficial to the life-span that prolongs recuperator 22, turbine exhaust gas temperature is restricted to about 1300F.Because delivery temperature is approximately 1300F, can replace stainless steel to make recuperator 22 by superalloy.Economic needs according to the Consumer can be 85% or 90% with the efficient design of recuperator 22.In the most effective structure, the effectiveness of regenerator with 90%, the efficient of whole work cycle net is 30%, heat consumption rate is approximately 11900BTU/kWh when producing higher calorific value with diesel oil.
After the heating, pressurized air is imported into firing chamber 24 in recuperator 22, and additional heat makes compressed-air actuated temperature be increased to 1650F in the firing chamber.Firing chamber 24 is lower than 25ppm by nox's level that traditional design produces.Use nox's ratio of firing chamber 24 generations of catalyzer to be actually immesurable (the nox's susceptor on the market is restricted to the Test range of 2-3ppm).The combustion gas of high enthalpy is expanded by turbine 14 again.Impeller 52, turbine 64, the unique movement parts in rotor 34 and the joining shaft 75-engine core 50-under about 80000rpm or higher high rotating speed, rotate as an integral member.The generator output frequency is approximately 1200hz as a result, frequency is kept to 50 or 60 weeks that adapt with electrical network by transducer 40 again.Can become the high power generation machine of typical light weight (be approximately similar diesel generator size 1/3rd) and small size (for example, being approximately 3 feet * 5 feet * 6 feet high) like this.
By utilizing minimum material to transmit powerful high speed element, make high-power light weight become possibility technically.These elements are self-contained within the shell of efflorescence prevention fully.Power generation system 10 " is plugged and can be turned round ", only needs slightly to provide some clean fuels, liquid or solid more.
Power generation system 10 disclosed herein can be used pluralities of fuel, comprises rock gas, diesel oil and JP-8.Power generation system 10 thermal propertys are low, and the noise of generation is little.The using gases bearing has been cancelled the required lubrication system of oil base bearing.Power generation system 10 is owing to the design of moving member separately, and reliability is high and maintenance requirement is minimum.Use the solid-state electronic transducer can change the Ac output of system 10.Owing to component design and self-contained design are assembled more convenient, because system 10 has only a motion parts, and critical piece is easy to approaching, therefore easy to maintenance simultaneously.The length of engine core 50, wide and height can be regulated, to adapt to the size requirement that wide range changes.
Power generation system 10 is littler than internal-combustion engine, and is lighter, and fuel efficiency is higher and have lower thermal property, and noise is safeguarded and cost burden.Therefore, owing to its low installation cost, high efficiency, high reliability and simple, maintenance cost is low, compares with the generator of similar size, and power generation system 10 operating costs and fixed cost are lower.
Power generation system 10 has various possible purposes.These purposes comprise throws off electrical network with independent power supply, be connected to the grid scabbling peak value, and permanent load or basic maintenance load, the standby and uninterruptable power supply (UPS) of fortuitous event is as prime mover (for example pump, air-conditioning) and motor-driven compound launch vehicle.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiment.For example, structure of the present invention can not have generator 16 yet.The turbine merit can directly be exported and use, as the Mechanical Driven of refrigeration system.Therefore, the present invention can make an explanation according to following claim.

Claims (18)

1. the Runner assembly of generating system for small turbomachine comprises:
One turbine, an air compressor wheel, a rotor and an independent joining shaft, each described turbine, air compressor wheel, rotor and independent joining shaft have a common axle and reciprocally are fixed together with fixing relation, wherein:
Described rotor comprises: (a) with the concentric rotor hole of described axle with (b) have the magnetic part of the two poles of the earth permanent magnet; With the independent joining shaft that extends through described rotor hole.
2. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described air compressor wheel has the air compressor wheel hole and the described independent joining shaft that extend through described air compressor wheel hole concentric with described axle.
3. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described rotor has made by a nonmagnetic substance and outer sleeve of surrounding the magnetic part of described rotor.
4. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described rotor has inner sleeve and outer sleeve, and described outer sleeve is non magnetic and surrounds the magnetic part of described rotor that described inner sleeve surrounds described rotor hole.
5. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described the two poles of the earth permanent magnet comprises by being selected from the magnet that the rare earth material that comprises SmCo is made.
6. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that at least one rotor surface is to be suitable for rotating within least one axle journal foil bearing.
7. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that first and second rotor surfaces that described at least one rotor surface that is suitable for rotating at least one foil bearing comprises the described magnetic part opposite side that is positioned at described rotor and is suitable for rotating within the first and second paillon foil shaft bearing.
8. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 7, also be included in the thrust disc that extends with described rotor coaxial heart between the magnetic part of described rotor and the air compressor wheel, described thrust disc is suitable for rotating between two thrust foil bearings.
9. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described rotor has made by a nonmagnetic substance and outer sleeve of surrounding the magnetic part of described rotor.
10. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described rotor has inner sleeve and outer sleeve, and described outer sleeve is non magnetic and surrounds the magnetic part of described rotor that described inner sleeve surrounds described rotor hole.
11. the Runner assembly of generating system for small turbomachine, it comprises:
One accepts the turbine of expanding gas, and described expanding gas makes turbine around a rotational;
One have at least one rotor surface and with the rotor of the concentric rotor hole of described axis, at least a portion of described rotor is a magnetic, wherein said at least one rotor surface is suitable for rotating among at least one axle journal foil bearing;
One independent joining shaft, it has the diameter of 0.25-0.5 inch, described joining shaft is concentric and extend through described axis hole with described axis, and described joining shaft has a yield strength and is pre-loaded to the predetermined percentaeg of described yield strength in prestressed mode; With
Be used for keeping pre-stressed state and guaranteeing described rotor and device that described turbine rotates with described joining shaft at described joining shaft.
12. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 11, it comprises:
One has the air compressor wheel with the concentric hole of described axis, and described joining shaft further extends through the hole of described air compressor wheel; With
Be used to the device of guaranteeing that described air compressor wheel rotates with described joining shaft.
13. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that described turbine is an atresia.
14. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that described joining shaft is fixed on the described turbine by inert gas welding.
15. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 11, the predetermined percentaeg that it is characterized in that yield strength is about 90%.
16. the Runner assembly of generating system for small turbomachine, it comprises:
One accepts the turbine of expanding gas, and described expanding gas makes described turbine around a rotational;
One has the impeller with the concentric impeller bore of described axis;
One have at least one rotor surface and with the rotor of the concentric rotor hole of described axis;
One is concentric and extend through the independent joining shaft of described impeller bore and rotor hole with described axis; With
Be used for keeping pre-stressed state and guaranteeing the device that described impeller, described rotor and described turbine rotate with described joining shaft at described joining shaft,
Wherein, described impeller has a front side, a rear side and impeller blade, described impeller blade is arranged on the front side of described impeller, wherein said turbo-side has a front side, a rear side and turbine blade, described turbine blade is arranged on described turbine front side, and wherein said impeller trailing flank is to described turbine rear side.
17. the rotor assembly of small sized turbine power generation system as claimed in claim 16 also comprises the thrust disc that at least one and described rotor coaxial heart are extended, described thrust disc is suitable for rotating between at least two thrust foil bearings.
18. a generating system for small turbomachine, it comprises:
One is used for the thermal power transfer of gas is become the turbine of mechanical energy;
One mechanical energy that is used for being produced by turbine converts the generating transducer of electric energy to, and described generating transducer has a rotating part and a nonrotational part; With
One independent joining shaft, it has the diameter of 0.25-0.5 inch, described joining shaft is connected the rotating part of described turbine with described generating transducer, wherein, at the generating system for small turbomachine duration of work, described joining shaft, the rotating part of turbine and described electric power converter is with about at least 60, and the rotating speed of 000rpm rotates together.
CNB991095332A 1999-06-11 1999-06-11 Generating system for small turbomachine Expired - Fee Related CN1149353C (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB991095332A CN1149353C (en) 1999-06-11 1999-06-11 Generating system for small turbomachine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB991095332A CN1149353C (en) 1999-06-11 1999-06-11 Generating system for small turbomachine

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CN1277343A CN1277343A (en) 2000-12-20
CN1149353C true CN1149353C (en) 2004-05-12

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US8984886B2 (en) * 2010-02-12 2015-03-24 General Electric Company Systems and methods of operating a catalytic reforming assembly for use with a gas turbine engine system
CN103670628B (en) * 2013-12-19 2017-01-11 湖南大学 Exhaust turbine generator
CN104864415A (en) * 2015-05-29 2015-08-26 陈文煜 Micro gas turbine power generation system suitable for several kinds of fuel
CN109139264A (en) * 2017-06-28 2019-01-04 武汉迈科特微型涡轮机有限责任公司 A kind of micro turbine generator for applying annular regenerator
CN111637492B (en) * 2020-06-01 2021-10-22 深圳意动航空科技有限公司 Heat exchanger and miniature gas turbine

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